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About Corvallis gazette. (Corvallis, Benton County, Or.) 1900-1909 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 2, 1908)
M (WILIS. GAtili Published Tuesdays and Fridays by the Gazette Publishing Co., for $2.00 per annum, or 25 per cent discount if cash is paid in sivjice. ELECTIONS FOR 1908. . Closes for election Oct. 20. Presidential election Nov. 3.' Republican National Ticket. FOR PRESIDENT WILLIAM H. TAFT of Ohio. FOR VICE PRESIDENT JAMES S. SHERMAN of New York. For Presidential Electors J. D. LEE, of Multnomah County F. J. MILLER, of Linn County A. C. MARSTERS, of Douglass County R. R BUTLER, of Gilliam County FORWARD OR BACKWARD. The real question involved in the political campaign today is essentially whether the people desire a party in power which does things to enhance the credit of the nation and develop its economic resources, or whether it desires a party which only harps and cavils at things done. An opposition party has its uses, and in many cases it is fortunate that there should be a seesaw in the posses sion of power- The past twelve years, however, have been years of remarkable events in this country. They have opened the door to an expansion of influence and power abroad such as has not come to the United States for several generations. At home also they have witnessed the cre ation and carrying out of a great body of constructive policies by President Roosevelt! which Mr. Taft is pledged to continue. To dismiss the Republican party of the present time from the seat of authority would be to turn the hand backward upon the clock of national progress. The election of Mr. Bryan, with the continuance of a great Republican majority in the Senate, would mean a deadlock between the White House and Congress, a persistent playing of politics at Washington, and a complete ar rest of all the broad reforms and progressive steps which have been accomplished or inaugurated during the past twelve years. Even President Cleveland, sturdy Democrat as he was, recognized that fact that the acquisition of the Philippines was a fact accom plished and that even in the Hawaiian Islands, which were abandoned by his authority, the duty was now imposed upon the United States of carrving out with a firm hand the task which a! l - i i ml tney naa unaercaKen. ice reso lute policies which Mr. Hay and Mr. Root inaugurated in the State Department the maintenance of the open door in the Orient and the extension of our relations with Latin America would be L i U- 1 I I J , put in nmaru uy a cuange ui au- .ministration. Only by a curious chance did the Democratic Na tional Convention endorse a strong navy, which is an essen tial factor of Republican policy, but is not a natural part of the program of Mr, Bryan. Even in the regulations of the railways and the assurance of equal jus tice to all shippers and all citi zens, the orderly and energetic policy adopted by the present ad ministration and the interstate Commerce Commission would be jarred and confused if put in new hands, more zealous perhaps than competent A change in the national ad ministration might be a matter of indifference on some grounds but for two important "ifs." The first of these is that the Re publican party during the past twelve years had merely marked time without accomplishing or inaugurating only important re forms, but the work which Pres ident Roosevelt has done should be carried on by men who are now in toe harness and wfio have been partners'1 in ' framing his policies.. The second iif is the important bne. If Mr. Bryan were "safe and sane," but his efforts to establish such a reputa tion by promising to keep within the limits of his platform and to respect existing law are hardly a sufficient guarantee against his kicking over the traces and do ing something .reckless and in jurious to the country before its effects could be fully realized. The trouble about Mr. Bryan's assurance that he will be hound by Republican legislation is dis cretionary. No law can direct the President or Secretary of the Treasury at just what moment they should intervene to avoid a panic or to save the nation from some great financial disaster. No law can compel Mr. Bryan to issue circulation under the recent emergency currency law if he thinks it unwise. Indeed, in a thousand emergencies liable to confront the . nation, hot only financial but political and inter national, it is highly important that a man trained by public ser vice and with a mind tempered by knowledge and respect for law should should sit in the ex ecutive chair of McKinley and Roosevelt. THE CANDIDATES. In asserting that the one acts well, Senator Beveridge says that Wm. H. Taft is of the Pil grim stuff his is the wisdom that makes the ideal vision a living fact. Tried in every realm of government, tested in every department of statesmanship who takes his reckoning by the fixed stars of human nature and experience not an uncertain astologer cast ing absurd horoscopes from imaginary signs of symbols. And not once in all his voyages has the reckoning he has made been wrong; not once has a single horoscope that Mr. Bryan has cast been right. When the great commander who has guided our ship of state through storms of opposition and amid the rocks of hatred straight for the port of our higher hopes and our larsrer liberties, volun tarily steps from the bridge and delivers to us bis high commis sion, let us hand it to the ablest officer aboard and safely make the harbor of our heart's desire. Furthermore, in asserting that the other draws well, the Sen ator advises no man to denounce Mr. Bryan. Such men are neces sary to human progress. Always such men has been the voice of a protest, but never the statesman of a cause. Always they have been the urgers of reform, but never the doers of the work. He is the storm of unrest which clears the atmosphere, but not the trade winds that carry to port the freighted ships of a peo ple's hope. Four years ago in his own home, paying tribute to his char acter and mind, I called him a dreamer who beholds happy visions but achieves no useful deed. His is the mind that thinks of the barren fields bend ing with grain; but his is not the plowman's hand, the sower's graft or the gleaner's hus bandry. The poet's dream of an undiscovered Utopia has cheered us all; but the Pilgrims, actually landing on Plymouth Rock. planted the real tree of liberty. 1 beneath whose real shadow, we rest and by whose real fruits we live. .- Mr. Bryan shows what an un conscious humorist he is when he tells Judge Taft, after the latter has been so long in the public service, to go and make a record for himself. Experienced business men say Bryan's bank deposit plan would seriously reduce prudence in banking. What's a little thing like prudence to Bryan when he is after votes? I .... - - i FOES OF -THE APPLE. Soma Little -Known Pests Found' in American Orchards. V ' One of the reasons why - the applt leaf roller (Archips rosui-eana) . has re ceived so little attedtiou' from the scV entific fruit growers' is because it ha never existed in numbers sufficient t be regarded as a positive menace Now, however. It seems to be largelj on the Increase, and with the prospect of finding it added to the already toe long list of our apple tree ests it is well to know something of it and what Is to be expected from it if It. should become plentiful. The larvae ape active, cylindrical, pale- green or reddish brown '.- insects with a deep brown bead and with the first body division (prothorax) and first two pairs of jointed legs also deep brown. -The false 'legs are well de veloped and are colored like the body FRUIT XNtraXD BT X,EAT BOXiUCB. A few slender hairs arise from the head and body,: ..When ready to be come pupae they draw, the leaves to gether and form a shelter in which the change takes place. They meas ure when full grown rather more than half an inch- long. 1 The pupa Is light brown and much shorter. An example preserved In al-. cohol and probably somewhat shrunk en measures a fortieth of an inch in length. The head end is prow shaped. The antennae arise at each side of the prow shape front, curve outward and backward, then return toward the middle line on the central side, where they terminate with the second pair of legs a short distance anterior to the posterior margins of the wing cases. The thorax is decidedly convex above, descending to the abdomen, which is also arched, and terminates in a rathet stout, flat spine, with a couple of small curved books at its end. The abdomen is roughened about by a series of den ticles on each somite, ending on each side near the spiracle.. Adults are provided with broad front wings, appearing as if abruptly cut off THE TUSSOCK CATEBPIT.TiAB. at the ends, the anterior margin strongly arched at the base and a trifle incurved near the tip. The general color of the front wings and body is alutaceus, or leather color, with an oblique dusky band beginning at the middle of the anterior margin and ex tending to the inner angle of the wing: This mark may be obscure in old ex amples, but some trace of It Is gener ally present It has given the species the name obUque-banded leaf roller, used in some entomological writings. The apex of the front wings is occu pied by another dusky mark. The outer half of the hind wing is pale yellow, the Inner half dusky. Numerous other plants besides ap ple are attacked by this species, among them clover, cotton, strawberry, rose plum, birch, bean, hooeyseckle. cherry and others. The species occurs from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. Another threatened ertt I the tus sock caterpillar, which sums to be multiplying rapidly la middle; west orchards. It Is a stngelar caterpillar, with two long tufts of black hairs aris ing one at each side of the' first body division (protborax) and s similar one' at the hind end of the body. They feed singly and finally produce small moths, the male broad winged, the fe male wingless. The tussock caterpillar became known to some American orcnardlsts for the first time during the summer of 1907. .It was very common then, working apparently in conjunction with the fall webworm in destroying the leaves of fruit and shade trees. It Is present every season, but ordinarily does but little harm.. Two broods de velop, the first appearing in April and May. the second, about the first of August A mass of eggs observed in 1905 was placed on a privet hedge- Aug. 1 to 5. The eggs began hatching A eg. 14, and were out Aug. 18. The larvae were lown and began pupating Septula, '.lie first adult emferged- In coutiuement Sept. 29.'auJ others continued to come forth until Oct 2. , In !:$ larvae Iq ' confinement" begun 'to pupate Sept 5, add all "."bad pupated -Set. ;11. - Isept! 13 adults began ; to emerge and con tinue, to -ome out uutil Sept. 22. In the latter part of September (Sept 2ti uu.l la ten the adults of the second brood, emerge and place their eggs about the trees. The, female- moth Is wingless, and after emerging does not leave her loose stlkvcoeoou. - The eg.3. covered with frothy material, are jylac-ed upon the outside of this, where they remain, clinging to a twig or to bark of tUe trunk. When leaves are gonefrotn the trees, a search of plum or apple trees In an orchard will al most Invariably show' some of these masses. '. ' "i "' . . V ,' r.iUSHnCOIil CULTURE. Simple Methods That Will Yield Rich -i Returns. For mushroom growing a greenhouse Is not needed. , Any building whlrh protects the crop from rain, wind and cold will do. Mushrooms do best iu a moderate temperature, say from 45 to 50 degrees. They are easily hurt ,by drip. The air should be moist and stationary, no drafts. . Light is not needed. , They are really a winter crop, because it is easier to heat a struc ture than to cool it down. When warm weather sets in insects' often attack the crop and ruin it Generally the first beds are prepared in September or October and the last in March. .- To make a mushroom bed use fresh horse manure, such as one would get in a livery barn. It should be from grain fed animals, bedded with .hay or straw. Sawdust or shavings are not suitable. Shake out the coarsest straw and throw the material into a heap to start heating. It should be moderately moist nei ther; wet nor at all dry. As soon as heating has commenced fork the pile over to prevent burning, and repeat this three or 'four times every .two days. When the material assumes a dark brown or blackish color and smells rather sweet it is ready to' form Into , beds. These may be fifteen to eighteen inches deep and of any suita ble widt'u or length. Pack down firm ly and wait three or four days to allow reheating. Try with a thermometer, and if not higher than 85 or 90 de grees insert spawn every ten or twelve inches apart each way. Place the spawn an inch or two deep and cover the whole bed with a light dressing of loam, say two inches deep, to hold heat, and moisture, and form a firm rooting place for the crop. Mushrooms dislike to be watered; hence moisture should be preserved rather than sup plied. ' An Unappreciated Plant, . 'vJChlves is-: a vegetable not widely known in this country. ' It -is "native along ' the northern .borders of the United States as well as in some parts of Europe, where it is popular. The plant belongs to the onion family, and' its leaves are used for seasoning in soups, salads, etc., and are preferred to onions by many persons because they are much milder and more tender. Europeans use chives for seasoning scrambled eggs and similar dishes. The culture of chives is simple. The plant will grow in any ordinary gar den soIL It is usually propagated by division of the roots, because it does not seed readily. The roots or clumps of roots may be purchased at moderate prices. The clumps should be plant ed in "beds about nine inches apart in rows which are two feet apart The planting may be done in either spring or autumn.- The chives may also be planted in the border of the vegetable garden and makes an excellent perma nent border. As a border plant the clumps should be planted about six Inches apart- The . leaves will grow thickly and form a dense green mat Pasture In New England. The pasture problem threatens the future of New England dairy farming. The old hill pastures are slowly but surely running out and are keeping fewer, and fewer cattle every year. Most of them cannot be plowed at any reasonable cost under present con ditions of farm labor, and clearing off the bnshes is of only temporary bene fit Unless pastures can be plowed, and cultivated for a few years there seems - to be no hope for them, and they gradually turn into wood lots, thus reducing the dairy capacity of the farm. ' Many pastures are needlessly Injured by turning the stock out too early in the spring, especially when it has' been eaten close the preceding year. They tramp the soil too wet and gnaw the young plants too close to the ground. It is much better to let the grass get a good start, then put on the stock long enough) to eat down the' grass and move them to asothes. pas ture. Unless pastures are large enough to. be divided in this way they quickly become Injured under ordinary meth ods. It. Is an expensive way, bat per haps it ' is the only way to manage without grazing the land too close. The Irish (T) Potato. The potato is a native of the Andes, particularly of Chile and Pern, and some writers claim that it was found growing wild as far north as tfce Toltec gorge in southern Colorado. It probably was first introduced into Eu rope by the Spaniards about the mid dle of the sixteenth century. In 1556 It was taken to England -from Vir ginia, where, however, it was prob ably derived from a Spanish source. Its progress in Europe was slow, its culture, even in Ireland, not becoming general until the middle of the eight eenth eentury, but it is now a staple food in most temperate cl 'mates. THEGR.ANGE ' Cseiertii- Of - "' '.' -" "i- ' J. W. BARROW. Cbkun.V. T . '! Prert'OorTOpondml Ke York StaU . Grange CO-OPERATIVE INSURANCE. Fifty-one Counties In New York Have tha Benefit of Grange Fire Insurance. Special Correspondence. - It goes without saying that the grange has Ikmmj instrumental iu brings ing about many reforms in the mat ter of legislation iu the interests of the farmers of this cbuutry, but there Is do one thins that has been more of a success than co-operative insurance. Under the conservative management of the grange companies thousands of dollars are saved each year to tho policy holders. The expense ac count . of . the grauge compa nies Is amons the lowest. By requiring grange membership iu order, to be in sured the moral hazard of fire un derwriting is re duced to the min imum, as the character of the individual must 1 ira shajrp. be Passed upou IChalrraah . executive uexore ne 18 e- - committee, York.' New gible to seek In surance in these companies. In other words, the mem bership of the 'grange insurance com panies is twice sifted. No grange com pany has ever been known to fail or repudiate any just claims. ' Co-operative insurance Is a bona fide agreement between individuals to help pay each other's losses. It is the only sane way to insure, for by such an agreement we receive our protection at actual cost The grange .companies as- jses8 policy holders to pay actual losses "only. On the other hand,, old line com j panies assess and collect in advance enough money not only to pay losses, but also to pay exorbitant salaries to officers. One company paid during 1907 $1,145,263.86 In salaries. The stock fire insurance companies paid $18,258,699.76 in dividends, an average annual divi dend for all the companies of 24 per cent. These dividends went to a com paratively few stockholders and none to 'the policy holders. Only last year one) of our grange companies saved its policy holders the munificent sum of nearly $40,000 as compared with the cost in a stock company on the same amount of insurance goodly amount to save to the members in two counties. Fifty-one counties of New York state have the benefit of grange insurance. TRAGOO CLOTHES FOR BOYS w Ederheimer, Stein & Co., Makers YOUR boy will mix up in games like this all Fall; perhaps in sport more vigorous still. It will take the best clothes you can find to stand it. We're proud to offer you XTRAGOOP clothes. You're lucky to get them. They , are the honest product of the leading makers Ederheimer, Stein & Co. No question of their ability to give the boy best service under all circumstances; no doubt of your satisfaction with fit, style, , price, appearance. A lot of Norfolk and double-breasted styles for you to choose from. For all ages 7 to 17. One hundred and' fwentyone' co - operative . companies, including the grange companies, reported to the central, organization the total amount of risks carried to be $381,541,325. The average cost per $1,000 for all these companies' in 1907 was $2.77. The average cost to the grange companies is but $1.80 per $1,000. a saving in favor of the grange companies of 97 cents per $1,000. .......,.-..., ... The largest grange company In New York has risks amounting to nearly $14,000,000. Who can truthfully say the farmer has not been able to man age the business of co-operative insur ance successfully? - W. H. VARY. Overseer New York State Grange. Grange Influence. The good and helpful Influences of the grange naturally group themselves under three heads comradeship, co operation and citizenship. . Comradeship suggests those social influences that arise out of the frater nal obligations and associations. Co-operation Includes those that come from the business contract the trade card and all forms of combined buy ing and selling.' . Citizenship covers the Influences that emanate from the public expres sion of 1 the popular will. . These latter are certainly the most vital as well as the -most subtle of the impressions the grange ' does or can make upon Its members and the world. The Degree Team. There Is no bard and fast rule upon the .costuming of a degree team, says State Master ' Hill of Pennsylvania. Neither are there any fixed regulations as to the number of people that may constitute a degree team. I have seen as many as fifty all dressed in uniform rendering a single degree. If the sis ters all dress ia white they present a very pretty appearance. In that event the brothers should dress as near alike as possible, and it adds to the attrac tiveness if white gloves are worn. This matter is left largely to the taste and resources of the members and af fords a splendid opportunity for the sisters to exercise their ingenuity. The President's Wise Selections. ' The president honored the grange by selecting two of Its members for the commission appointed to suggest meth ods to improve rural farm life. One of these was Dean Bailey of Cornell and the other President Butterfleld of the Massachusetts State Agricultural college. Both are active members of the grange. . A Magazine Evening. A Massachusetts grange had an in tensely interesting meeting in a maga zine evening, carrying out the complete idea, stories, advertisements, editorials, funny page, correspondents' queries and all. Many members took part All did well, and the evening was s great success. l