M (WILIS. GAtili
Published Tuesdays and Fridays
by the Gazette Publishing
Co., for $2.00 per annum, or
25 per cent discount if cash is
paid in sivjice.
ELECTIONS FOR 1908. .
Closes for election Oct. 20.
Presidential election Nov. 3.'
Republican National Ticket.
FOR PRESIDENT
WILLIAM H. TAFT
of Ohio.
FOR VICE PRESIDENT
JAMES S. SHERMAN
of New York.
For Presidential Electors
J. D. LEE, of Multnomah County
F. J. MILLER, of Linn County
A. C. MARSTERS, of Douglass County
R. R BUTLER, of Gilliam County
FORWARD OR BACKWARD.
The real question involved in
the political campaign today is
essentially whether the people
desire a party in power which
does things to enhance the credit
of the nation and develop
its economic resources, or
whether it desires a party
which only harps and cavils at
things done. An opposition
party has its uses, and in many
cases it is fortunate that there
should be a seesaw in the posses
sion of power- The past twelve
years, however, have been years
of remarkable events in this
country. They have opened the
door to an expansion of influence
and power abroad such as has not
come to the United States for
several generations. At home
also they have witnessed the cre
ation and carrying out of a great
body of constructive policies by
President Roosevelt! which Mr.
Taft is pledged to continue.
To dismiss the Republican
party of the present time from
the seat of authority would be to
turn the hand backward upon the
clock of national progress. The
election of Mr. Bryan, with the
continuance of a great Republican
majority in the Senate, would
mean a deadlock between the
White House and Congress, a
persistent playing of politics at
Washington, and a complete ar
rest of all the broad reforms and
progressive steps which have
been accomplished or inaugurated
during the past twelve years.
Even President Cleveland, sturdy
Democrat as he was, recognized
that fact that the acquisition of
the Philippines was a fact accom
plished and that even in the
Hawaiian Islands, which were
abandoned by his authority, the
duty was now imposed upon the
United States of carrving out
with a firm hand the task which
a! l - i i ml
tney naa unaercaKen. ice reso
lute policies which Mr. Hay and
Mr. Root inaugurated in the State
Department the maintenance
of the open door in the Orient
and the extension of our relations
with Latin America would be
L i U- 1 I I J
, put in nmaru uy a cuange ui au-
.ministration. Only by a curious
chance did the Democratic Na
tional Convention endorse a
strong navy, which is an essen
tial factor of Republican policy,
but is not a natural part of the
program of Mr, Bryan. Even in
the regulations of the railways
and the assurance of equal jus
tice to all shippers and all citi
zens, the orderly and energetic
policy adopted by the present ad
ministration and the interstate
Commerce Commission would be
jarred and confused if put in new
hands, more zealous perhaps than
competent
A change in the national ad
ministration might be a matter
of indifference on some grounds
but for two important "ifs."
The first of these is that the Re
publican party during the past
twelve years had merely marked
time without accomplishing or
inaugurating only important re
forms, but the work which Pres
ident Roosevelt has done should
be carried on by men who are
now in toe harness and wfio have
been partners'1 in ' framing his
policies.. The second iif is the
important bne. If Mr. Bryan
were "safe and sane," but his
efforts to establish such a reputa
tion by promising to keep within
the limits of his platform and to
respect existing law are hardly a
sufficient guarantee against his
kicking over the traces and do
ing something .reckless and in
jurious to the country before its
effects could be fully realized.
The trouble about Mr. Bryan's
assurance that he will be hound
by Republican legislation is dis
cretionary. No law can direct
the President or Secretary of the
Treasury at just what moment
they should intervene to avoid a
panic or to save the nation from
some great financial disaster.
No law can compel Mr. Bryan to
issue circulation under the recent
emergency currency law if he
thinks it unwise. Indeed, in a
thousand emergencies liable to
confront the . nation, hot only
financial but political and inter
national, it is highly important
that a man trained by public ser
vice and with a mind tempered
by knowledge and respect for
law should should sit in the ex
ecutive chair of McKinley and
Roosevelt.
THE CANDIDATES.
In asserting that the one acts
well, Senator Beveridge says
that Wm. H. Taft is of the Pil
grim stuff his is the wisdom
that makes the ideal vision a
living fact. Tried in every
realm of government, tested
in every department of
statesmanship who takes his
reckoning by the fixed stars of
human nature and experience
not an uncertain astologer cast
ing absurd horoscopes from
imaginary signs of symbols. And
not once in all his voyages has the
reckoning he has made been
wrong; not once has a single
horoscope that Mr. Bryan has
cast been right.
When the great commander
who has guided our ship of state
through storms of opposition and
amid the rocks of hatred straight
for the port of our higher hopes
and our larsrer liberties, volun
tarily steps from the bridge and
delivers to us bis high commis
sion, let us hand it to the ablest
officer aboard and safely make
the harbor of our heart's desire.
Furthermore, in asserting that
the other draws well, the Sen
ator advises no man to denounce
Mr. Bryan. Such men are neces
sary to human progress. Always
such men has been the voice of a
protest, but never the statesman
of a cause. Always they have
been the urgers of reform, but
never the doers of the work.
He is the storm of unrest
which clears the atmosphere, but
not the trade winds that carry to
port the freighted ships of a peo
ple's hope.
Four years ago in his own
home, paying tribute to his char
acter and mind, I called him a
dreamer who beholds happy
visions but achieves no useful
deed. His is the mind that
thinks of the barren fields bend
ing with grain; but his is not the
plowman's hand, the sower's
graft or the gleaner's hus
bandry. The poet's dream of an
undiscovered Utopia has cheered
us all; but the Pilgrims, actually
landing on Plymouth Rock.
planted the real tree of liberty. 1
beneath whose real shadow, we
rest and by whose real fruits we
live.
.- Mr. Bryan shows what an un
conscious humorist he is when he
tells Judge Taft, after the latter
has been so long in the public
service, to go and make a record
for himself.
Experienced business men say
Bryan's bank deposit plan would
seriously reduce prudence in
banking. What's a little thing
like prudence to Bryan when he
is after votes?
I .... -
- i
FOES OF -THE APPLE.
Soma Little -Known Pests Found' in
American Orchards. V
' One of the reasons why - the applt
leaf roller (Archips rosui-eana) . has re
ceived so little attedtiou' from the scV
entific fruit growers' is because it ha
never existed in numbers sufficient t
be regarded as a positive menace
Now, however. It seems to be largelj
on the Increase, and with the prospect
of finding it added to the already toe
long list of our apple tree ests it is
well to know something of it and what
Is to be expected from it if It. should
become plentiful.
The larvae ape active, cylindrical,
pale- green or reddish brown '.- insects
with a deep brown bead and with the
first body division (prothorax) and first
two pairs of jointed legs also deep
brown. -The false 'legs are well de
veloped and are colored like the body
FRUIT XNtraXD BT X,EAT BOXiUCB.
A few slender hairs arise from the
head and body,: ..When ready to be
come pupae they draw, the leaves to
gether and form a shelter in which
the change takes place. They meas
ure when full grown rather more than
half an inch- long. 1
The pupa Is light brown and much
shorter. An example preserved In al-.
cohol and probably somewhat shrunk
en measures a fortieth of an inch in
length. The head end is prow shaped.
The antennae arise at each side of
the prow shape front, curve outward
and backward, then return toward the
middle line on the central side, where
they terminate with the second pair of
legs a short distance anterior to the
posterior margins of the wing cases.
The thorax is decidedly convex above,
descending to the abdomen, which is
also arched, and terminates in a rathet
stout, flat spine, with a couple of small
curved books at its end. The abdomen
is roughened about by a series of den
ticles on each somite, ending on each
side near the spiracle..
Adults are provided with broad front
wings, appearing as if abruptly cut off
THE TUSSOCK CATEBPIT.TiAB.
at the ends, the anterior margin
strongly arched at the base and a trifle
incurved near the tip. The general
color of the front wings and body is
alutaceus, or leather color, with an
oblique dusky band beginning at the
middle of the anterior margin and ex
tending to the inner angle of the wing:
This mark may be obscure in old ex
amples, but some trace of It Is gener
ally present It has given the species
the name obUque-banded leaf roller,
used in some entomological writings.
The apex of the front wings is occu
pied by another dusky mark. The
outer half of the hind wing is pale
yellow, the Inner half dusky.
Numerous other plants besides ap
ple are attacked by this species, among
them clover, cotton, strawberry, rose
plum, birch, bean, hooeyseckle. cherry
and others. The species occurs from
the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean.
Another threatened ertt I the tus
sock caterpillar, which sums to be
multiplying rapidly la middle; west
orchards. It Is a stngelar caterpillar,
with two long tufts of black hairs aris
ing one at each side of the' first body
division (protborax) and s similar one'
at the hind end of the body. They
feed singly and finally produce small
moths, the male broad winged, the fe
male wingless.
The tussock caterpillar became
known to some American orcnardlsts
for the first time during the summer
of 1907. .It was very common then,
working apparently in conjunction
with the fall webworm in destroying
the leaves of fruit and shade trees. It
Is present every season, but ordinarily
does but little harm.. Two broods de
velop, the first appearing in April and
May. the second, about the first of
August
A mass of eggs observed in 1905 was
placed on a privet hedge- Aug. 1 to 5.
The eggs began hatching A eg. 14, and
were out Aug. 18. The larvae were
lown and began pupating Septula,
'.lie first adult emferged- In coutiuement
Sept. 29.'auJ others continued to come
forth until Oct 2. , In !:$ larvae Iq
' confinement" begun 'to pupate Sept 5,
add all "."bad pupated -Set. ;11. - Isept!
13 adults began ; to emerge and con
tinue, to -ome out uutil Sept. 22. In
the latter part of September (Sept 2ti
uu.l la ten the adults of the second
brood, emerge and place their eggs
about the trees. The, female- moth Is
wingless, and after emerging does not
leave her loose stlkvcoeoou. - The eg.3.
covered with frothy material, are
jylac-ed upon the outside of this, where
they remain, clinging to a twig or to
bark of tUe trunk. When leaves are
gonefrotn the trees, a search of plum
or apple trees In an orchard will al
most Invariably show' some of these
masses. '. ' "i "' . . V ,'
r.iUSHnCOIil CULTURE.
Simple Methods That Will Yield Rich
-i Returns.
For mushroom growing a greenhouse
Is not needed. , Any building whlrh
protects the crop from rain, wind and
cold will do. Mushrooms do best iu a
moderate temperature, say from 45 to
50 degrees. They are easily hurt ,by
drip. The air should be moist and
stationary, no drafts. . Light is not
needed. , They are really a winter crop,
because it is easier to heat a struc
ture than to cool it down. When warm
weather sets in insects' often attack
the crop and ruin it Generally the
first beds are prepared in September
or October and the last in March. .-
To make a mushroom bed use fresh
horse manure, such as one would get
in a livery barn. It should be from
grain fed animals, bedded with .hay
or straw. Sawdust or shavings are
not suitable. Shake out the coarsest
straw and throw the material into a
heap to start heating.
It should be moderately moist nei
ther; wet nor at all dry. As soon as
heating has commenced fork the pile
over to prevent burning, and repeat
this three or 'four times every .two
days. When the material assumes a
dark brown or blackish color and
smells rather sweet it is ready to' form
Into , beds. These may be fifteen to
eighteen inches deep and of any suita
ble widt'u or length. Pack down firm
ly and wait three or four days to allow
reheating. Try with a thermometer,
and if not higher than 85 or 90 de
grees insert spawn every ten or twelve
inches apart each way. Place the
spawn an inch or two deep and cover
the whole bed with a light dressing
of loam, say two inches deep, to hold
heat, and moisture, and form a firm
rooting place for the crop. Mushrooms
dislike to be watered; hence moisture
should be preserved rather than sup
plied. ' An Unappreciated Plant, .
'vJChlves is-: a vegetable not widely
known in this country. ' It -is "native
along ' the northern .borders of the
United States as well as in some parts
of Europe, where it is popular. The
plant belongs to the onion family, and'
its leaves are used for seasoning in
soups, salads, etc., and are preferred
to onions by many persons because
they are much milder and more tender.
Europeans use chives for seasoning
scrambled eggs and similar dishes.
The culture of chives is simple. The
plant will grow in any ordinary gar
den soIL It is usually propagated by
division of the roots, because it does
not seed readily. The roots or clumps
of roots may be purchased at moderate
prices. The clumps should be plant
ed in "beds about nine inches apart in
rows which are two feet apart The
planting may be done in either spring
or autumn.- The chives may also be
planted in the border of the vegetable
garden and makes an excellent perma
nent border. As a border plant the
clumps should be planted about six
Inches apart- The . leaves will grow
thickly and form a dense green mat
Pasture In New England.
The pasture problem threatens the
future of New England dairy farming.
The old hill pastures are slowly but
surely running out and are keeping
fewer, and fewer cattle every year.
Most of them cannot be plowed at
any reasonable cost under present con
ditions of farm labor, and clearing off
the bnshes is of only temporary bene
fit Unless pastures can be plowed,
and cultivated for a few years there
seems - to be no hope for them, and
they gradually turn into wood lots, thus
reducing the dairy capacity of the
farm. ' Many pastures are needlessly
Injured by turning the stock out too
early in the spring, especially when
it has' been eaten close the preceding
year. They tramp the soil too wet and
gnaw the young plants too close to the
ground. It is much better to let the
grass get a good start, then put on
the stock long enough) to eat down the'
grass and move them to asothes. pas
ture. Unless pastures are large enough
to. be divided in this way they quickly
become Injured under ordinary meth
ods. It. Is an expensive way, bat per
haps it ' is the only way to manage
without grazing the land too close.
The Irish (T) Potato.
The potato is a native of the Andes,
particularly of Chile and Pern, and
some writers claim that it was found
growing wild as far north as tfce
Toltec gorge in southern Colorado. It
probably was first introduced into Eu
rope by the Spaniards about the mid
dle of the sixteenth century. In 1556
It was taken to England -from Vir
ginia, where, however, it was prob
ably derived from a Spanish source.
Its progress in Europe was slow, its
culture, even in Ireland, not becoming
general until the middle of the eight
eenth eentury, but it is now a staple
food in most temperate cl 'mates.
THEGR.ANGE
' Cseiertii- Of - "' '.' -" "i-
' J. W. BARROW. Cbkun.V. T . '!
Prert'OorTOpondml Ke York StaU .
Grange
CO-OPERATIVE INSURANCE.
Fifty-one Counties In New York Have
tha Benefit of Grange Fire Insurance.
Special Correspondence.
- It goes without saying that the
grange has Ikmmj instrumental iu brings
ing about many reforms in the mat
ter of legislation iu the interests of
the farmers of this cbuutry, but there
Is do one thins that has been more of
a success than co-operative insurance.
Under the conservative management
of the grange companies thousands of
dollars are saved
each year to tho
policy holders.
The expense ac
count . of . the
grauge compa
nies Is amons
the lowest. By
requiring grange
membership iu
order, to be in
sured the moral
hazard of fire un
derwriting is re
duced to the min
imum, as the
character of the
individual must
1 ira shajrp. be Passed upou
IChalrraah . executive uexore ne 18 e-
- committee,
York.'
New gible to seek In
surance in these
companies. In other words, the mem
bership of the 'grange insurance com
panies is twice sifted. No grange com
pany has ever been known to fail or
repudiate any just claims.
' Co-operative insurance Is a bona fide
agreement between individuals to help
pay each other's losses. It is the only
sane way to insure, for by such an
agreement we receive our protection at
actual cost The grange .companies as-
jses8 policy holders to pay actual losses
"only. On the other hand,, old line com
j panies assess and collect in advance
enough money not only to pay losses,
but also to pay exorbitant salaries to
officers. One company paid during 1907
$1,145,263.86 In salaries. The stock fire
insurance companies paid $18,258,699.76
in dividends, an average annual divi
dend for all the companies of 24 per
cent. These dividends went to a com
paratively few stockholders and none
to 'the policy holders. Only last year
one) of our grange companies saved its
policy holders the munificent sum of
nearly $40,000 as compared with the
cost in a stock company on the same
amount of insurance goodly amount to
save to the members in two counties.
Fifty-one counties of New York state
have the benefit of grange insurance.
TRAGOO
CLOTHES FOR BOYS
w
Ederheimer, Stein & Co., Makers
YOUR boy will mix up in games
like this all Fall; perhaps in
sport more vigorous still. It will
take the best clothes you can find
to stand it.
We're proud to offer you XTRAGOOP
clothes. You're lucky to get them. They
, are the honest product of the leading
makers Ederheimer, Stein & Co. No
question of their ability to give the boy
best service under all circumstances; no
doubt of your satisfaction with fit, style,
, price, appearance.
A lot of Norfolk and double-breasted
styles for you to choose from. For all ages
7 to 17.
One hundred and' fwentyone' co
- operative . companies, including the
grange companies, reported to the
central, organization the total amount
of risks carried to be $381,541,325. The
average cost per $1,000 for all these
companies' in 1907 was $2.77. The
average cost to the grange companies
is but $1.80 per $1,000. a saving in
favor of the grange companies of 97
cents per $1,000. .......,.-..., ...
The largest grange company In New
York has risks amounting to nearly
$14,000,000. Who can truthfully say
the farmer has not been able to man
age the business of co-operative insur
ance successfully?
- W. H. VARY.
Overseer New York State Grange.
Grange Influence.
The good and helpful Influences of
the grange naturally group themselves
under three heads comradeship, co
operation and citizenship. .
Comradeship suggests those social
influences that arise out of the frater
nal obligations and associations.
Co-operation Includes those that come
from the business contract the trade
card and all forms of combined buy
ing and selling.'
. Citizenship covers the Influences
that emanate from the public expres
sion of 1 the popular will.
. These latter are certainly the most
vital as well as the -most subtle of the
impressions the grange ' does or can
make upon Its members and the world.
The Degree Team.
There Is no bard and fast rule upon
the .costuming of a degree team, says
State Master ' Hill of Pennsylvania.
Neither are there any fixed regulations
as to the number of people that may
constitute a degree team. I have seen
as many as fifty all dressed in uniform
rendering a single degree. If the sis
ters all dress ia white they present a
very pretty appearance. In that event
the brothers should dress as near alike
as possible, and it adds to the attrac
tiveness if white gloves are worn.
This matter is left largely to the taste
and resources of the members and af
fords a splendid opportunity for the
sisters to exercise their ingenuity.
The President's Wise Selections. '
The president honored the grange by
selecting two of Its members for the
commission appointed to suggest meth
ods to improve rural farm life. One
of these was Dean Bailey of Cornell
and the other President Butterfleld of
the Massachusetts State Agricultural
college. Both are active members of
the grange. .
A Magazine Evening.
A Massachusetts grange had an in
tensely interesting meeting in a maga
zine evening, carrying out the complete
idea, stories, advertisements, editorials,
funny page, correspondents' queries
and all. Many members took part
All did well, and the evening was s
great success.
l