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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 12, 1995)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon October 12, 1995 7 r cmoon nm UNMnrrr Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth Bob Pawelek Livestock Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras Norma Simpson Home Economics Sue Ryan 4-H Assistant (503) 553-3238 The Oregon State University Extension Service staff Is devoted to extending research-based information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United Stales Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people. The Clover Speaks- by Sue Ryan 4-H Program Aide (and adapted from O.S.U. Extension publication 4-H 0272L) Ideas can be bothersome. They wake you up in the morning, disturb you in the middle of the night, and sometimes follow you around like a puppy dog. At times ideas float off into the air just as you are trying to catch them. Sometimes you even give into an idea and decide to figure out what to do with this new partner. That's the way many 4-H clubs get : started. For this edition of "Clover Speaks" I'll share some excerpts from the second of the "Letter to Leaders" scries- "Getting started with a 4-H club". First of all- how many members ? 4-H clubs can have as few as two or three members or as many as the . leader feels can be effectively included in the group. Some suggest that 6 to 10 members per adult leaders is an optimum number. However, it depends on the project areas of your club. It also depends on how many co leaders or assistant leaders will be working with you. Limit your first group to a number with which you and your co-leaders feel comfortable. As for recruiting members contact the Warm Springs Extension office. We can help get the word out about your club. Because 4-H receives federal and state I Electronic fencing, eartagging cows still being researched and tested ;; By Bob Pawelek ; Fences have drawbacks. ; For centuries, rocks, wood and wire have been used to construct physical barriers to ;; prevent animals access into and out of a particular area. Especially in the Pacific Northwest and the Rockies, where terrain is usually vertical, ; ; fences are expensive to build, up to $5000 a ; mile. Fences require gates, and no one likes ; . to have to be the one to get and and fuss with ; : a wire gate that's stuck, or cuss someone else ;" for having left the thing open in the first ; place. ; Taking a cue from dog trainers using ; electronic collars, US Forest Service scientist ; Art Tiedemann and Tom Quigley, a range ; scientist with the Pacific Northwest Research ; Station's Blue Mountains Natural Resources ; Institute in LaGrande, are developing a way ' - to control livestock movements by training ' them to respond to remotely controlled auditory and electrical stimulation. Their ultimate intent is to develop an inexpensive "electronic" fencing system that ' will prevent cattle from entering designated ' areas such as riparian zones. ' Electronic fencing has two key advantages. ' First, it allows selective access. Through ' coded signals, a certain herd could be kept away from a prescribed area, while other ' animals (and people) are allowed free access. J Second, the "fence" is portable." By turning off the transmitters and moving them, land managers can take out and move fences at ; win. When tests on four steers with modified . aos coi ars in ivvu nrnven nrnmisinu c I I ' O' Stockman's Roundup: What makes some cows worth more than others? by Bob Pawelck-OSU Livestock Agent while watching cattle go through the sale ring at Madras last week, I was astonished at how cheaply a pen of young bred Hereford Shorthorn crosses sold for. Thirty-two cents a pound! A fella could get a great start ir the cow business for a little over three grand. Just after those animals were sold, six semi-purebred Angus went through and were sold by the head for about $450 each, considerably more expensive than the HxS cows. Why the difference? Kansas State University researchers funds, we must be certain our programs are made available to all people equally without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, or disability. How can I enroll my group as an official 4-H club ? The Warm Springs O.S.U. Extension office has the necessary enrollment forms for you to complete and turn in to the office. Oregon uses a computer based enrollment system, which means the forms must be filled out completely and accurately. Be sure to check the codes listed on the back of the form. The 4-H year starts each fall on October 1st and runs through September 30th. All 4-H members must re-enroll every year. It's a good idea to enroll by January 1st so you and your members stay continually on the mailing list and recicve notices of all events and activities. What about project materials ? Each county office of the Oregon State University Extension Service has the 4 H projects and materials lists ( P & M lists) for the six project areas: animal science, home economics, horticulture, natural resources, expressive arts, and engineering. These list all publications available for leaders and members, and can be used as an order form when you turn in enrollments. In Warm Springs there are a number of 4-H clubs that don't fit into these "traditional" extension areas. But, many of the materials can still be of help to the 4-H leader who is just getting started. Leader materials are provided free to each volunteer leader, but some member materials have a cost. Are there dues for 4 H members ? No, 4-H members do not have to pay dues. Some clubs may decide to pay for the cost of supplies by assessing a small fee per member or by working together on a fundraising project. If you and your club choose to hold a fundraising project, be sure to check with the Warm Springs Extension office about fundraising guidelines and policies in Jefferson County. What about insurance ? 4-H leaders automatically have liability insurance coverage through Oregon State University when leading a 4-H group or 4-H activity as soon as they are officially enrolled in the 4-H program. For Warm Springs clubs accident insurance is paid for Quigley and Tiedemann took their idea further: they began work to improve the technology and to develop techniques for use on cattle herds in controlled field conditions. "We switched to ear tags, because collars are expensive to build and difficult to handle on cattle," said Quigley. "Eartagging is donee routinely by livestock people, and if we could get the unit contained in an eartag, animal handling would be reduced tremendously," added Tiedemann. With a $99,000 EPA grant, they contracted with Schell Electronics of Chanute, Kansas, to design and manufacture transmitters and receivers for the system. The prototype eartag is 3 inches wide and 6 inches long, about twice the length of a conventional identification eartag. When insulated and fully equipped, the eartag weighs 4 ounces. Power is supplied by two AAA batteries. The portable transmitter, also built by Schell, is designed to transmit at five different signal strengths, so its range can be adjusted between 100 and 500 feet. The eartag was originally designed so that an animal would first receive a warning in the form of a high-pitched sound, if it approached a transmission (exclusion) area. If it moved away, it would receive no further stimuli. If, however, the animal remained in the exclusion area, after four seconds it would receive a mild electrical stimulus. The animal could be electrically stimulated up to two more times, with 4-second pauses between each shock, to allow it time to move outside the exclusion area. Thereafter, the receiver automatically "locked up" (shut itself off) to protect the looked at data on prices and physical . characteristics of cow-calf pairs sold at seven cow-calf auctions held in 1993. Remember, that was back when cows were not quite so cheap. Still, their findings are interesting. According to the September 1995 issue of Beef, prices paid for pairs ranged from $475 to $ 1 ,350, averaging about $950. The typical price range on any given day at a cow-calf auction in 1 993 was $700 (78 of the average price). The price range was due to a number of factors. The factors still remain relevant today, although the prices are not. Breed. With all else constant and using Anus as the standard, average discounts per pair weic $63 for Hereford, $35 for other English breeds, $37 for Exotics, and $500 for Longhorns. Dairy breeds received a $201 premium over Angus. Calf weight. Prices on cow-calf pairs change little until calves weigh about 200 pounds, then increase at an increasing rate. Pen size. Researchers say producers prefer to fully utilize their transportation capacity. The ideal number of pairs per pen corresponded to filling a straight truck or stock trailer. The highest dollar amounts in the study were paid for pens of 1 1 pair. Age. Cows 5 years old and older were discounted, with 6-year-olds discounted $50 pair and 8-year-olds discounted $I50pair. Defects. Pairs were discounted alomost $68 if the cow w as lame, $390 if the calf was lame. Cows w ith bad udders were discounted $65pair. by the 4-H program. For further information on insurance, check with Arlene or Sue at the Warm Springs Extension office. Where will our club meet ? Where your club meets will probably be determined by the number of members. In Warm Springs, the 4-H Center is available for club meetings and must be reserved in advance. It may be easiest to meet at the leader's homc(or it may be the only available location). Many clubs rotate meetings from one member's home to another' s; each family then has an opportunity to host a meeting. Other meeting places could be public school buildings, churches, fairgrounds, etc. How often will our club meet ? There are several possibilities: once a week after school ( this works best for elementary school age members), once every 2 weeks after school or on a week night, once a month on a week night, once a month on a Saturday or Sunday ( this can work best for clubs with members of a wide age span), or whatever combination works best for your club. It is recommended that a 4-H club meet at least ten times during the year-more if desired or needed. This provides continuity for the club as well as time for project development and accomplishment of individual and club goals. Some projects can be taught on a short-term or seasonal basis. Clubs can enroll at any time during the year. Some clubs enroll at the beginning of the year but may plan to meet later for a shorter period of time, perhaps for a 3 or 6 month period. In the next edition of "Clover Speaks" I'll go over Letter 3 -Planning 4-H club meetings in the "Letter to Leaders" series. IS YOUR CHILD MISSING A SNEAKER? MANY ITEMS WERE LEFT BY KIDS AFTER THE 4-H WILDERNESS CAMP. PLEASE CLAIM THESE ITEMS AT THE OSU EXTENSION OFFICE. animal. The researchers learned that it is important to identify and propely train the lead animals in a herd. The other animals would sometimes follow the lead animals into the exclusion zones, even though they had to endure the full sereis of electric stimuli. Tests in Texas also led to changes in the eartag stimuli. The animals seemed to react to insects in the same way they reacted to the high-pitched (8500 hz) tone. Also, the electric shock of 1 second caused some animals to wheel around completely instead of turning away from the exclusion zone. A major innovation to the transmission receiving system was the addition of a remote unlocking transmitter set up in an "unlock zone" -an attractive area like a water, salt, or mineral location outside the exclusion zone. Animals with locked up receivers that moved into an unlock transmitter zone would automatically have their eartag receivers reactivated for future encounters with the electronic fence. After the animals were trained to associate the tone with a subsequent shock, the system worked flawlessly. Quigley and Tiedemann are currently working on an eartag unit that is smaller, lighter, and more durable. Said Quigley, "The techology is available. It's a matter of investing in engineering design so that the peices fit together correctly." Many private and public partners have cooperated in various phases of the electronic fence research. They included OSU researchers to assess the influence of eartag stimuli on animal health, physiology, and behavior. The affects were insignificant. Pregnancy Status. Cows bred back received a $68pair premium. Horns were discounted $67 per cow. Size. Premiums were paid for large-frame cows. Small-frame calves were discounted, but there was no premium for large-frame calves. (We're discussing pairs, here.) Smaller, thinner cows were discounted relative to average-condition pairs. At today's prices, auction discounts and premiums are intensified due to the lower price per animal or pair. The lesson here is no matter the animal itself worth, the more attention we should pay to the management of our operation. Itcouldmeanthedifference between profit and loss. Thirty two cents a pound. Sheesh, ya can't even buy dog bones for that! Supciiur If I l.imc Niuikss RvJCIoU- Ruli) Smlkss ljt)Htoi I lirisiin.lv Rom- HI 11 I Milk Kihui Variety of 4-H clubs currently meeting; membership open, encouraged 4-H Culture of all peoples club Leader: Vio Vacth This club is looking at "Who am I as a community member ?" as a focus for this year's projects. "Culture of all peoples" is accepting new members for the 4-H year. They meet Monday afternoons from 4:30 to 5:30 at Vio Vacth's home in Simnasho. For more details, contact Vio Vacth at the Commodities Warehouse, 553-3290. Warm Springs 4-H Rainbow Dancers club Leader: Myra Shawaway This is a traditional dance club for all ages. Rainbow Dancers arc accepting new members for the 4-H year. Parents arc required to be involved, and children must have their own set of appropriate regalia. The club will start their winter meetings on October 1 2th at 7 p.m. in the 4-H Center. Meetings will be held monthly through the winter on the second Thursday night of each month. Performances start sometime in the spring. For more details, call Myra Shawaway at the Language program 553-2200. 4-H Search and Rescue Cadets club Leader: Keith Baker This club meets on Monday nights at 6:00 p.m. in the 4-H Center. This club is for ages nine and up. There will be some space this fall for new members. If you want to join Search and Rescue cadets, you must go to a Monday night meeting and meet with Keith. Search and Rescue is a physically active outdoors club that trains in search and rescue methods, including survival skills, camping, backpacking, hiking & tracking. Warm Springs 4-H Livestock club Leaders: Laura Fucntcs & Angie Orchard Grapes come in many varieties Perhaps you have noticed that grapes are available nearly all year long. What a treat. Recently the California Table Grape Commission sent me a packet of information about grapes. It's the first time that I knew why so many grapes are available throughout the year. This chart will help you to know when your favorite kind will be on the market. Fresh grapes come in three basic colors: green (sometimes called white), red and blue black. More than 50 kinds of table grapes are currently in production, but the following list describes the 1 1 major varieties. In the beginning when Leif Eriksson and his fellow Norsemen landed somewhere near Newfoundland about A.D. 1000, they discovered a land overrun with wild grapes. Eriksson called this region of the New World Vinland. Today, North America is still a land where grapevines flourish. Some cultivated vines, especially in regions east of the Mississippi River, are descendants of North America's native wild grapes. West of the Mississippi, the species that dominates is Vitis vinifera. This Old World species was first cultivated as early as 6000 B.C. in the region between the Black and Caspian seas near northern Iran. The Old World grape species Vitis vinifera came to North America along with the conquering Spanish. Franciscan missionary friars planted a vinifera variety known as the Mission throughout Mexico in order to make sacramental wine. The padres moved into present-day California in the late 1700s establishing missions and vinifera vineyards from San Diego to San Francisco. As the century passed and more settlers came to California, additional varieties of Vitis vinifera were introduced: some for wine making, others for eating fresh, and still others for making raisins. The boom in grapes planted for fresh eating came in the early 1 800s when a number of settlers recognized the untapped agricultural possibilities of the then Mexican territory. A former Kentucky trapper, William Wolfskill, planted the first table grape vineyard on Indian pueblo lands near present-day Los Angeles in 1839. In the next lOOyears, vineyards multiplied and flourished, along with other fruits and vegetables in a state that has become the nation's West Coast cornucopia. Today, California wine, table grapes and raisins are all important agricultural commodities, with approximately 700,000 acres planted in vineyards. In the United States, 97 percent of the nation's commercially grown table grapes are from California. The California table grape season begins in late spring when the first grapes are harvested from vines in the Coachella Valley. Growing grapes is a year-round job. In winter, the vines are vigorously pruned; in the early spring vines are girded. Pruning and girdling effectively transfer the nutrient flow from the vines and roots into the fruit. When grape berries achieve the correct size, sugar content and color, they are harvested. Workers who remove the grapes form the vines with clippers are trained professionals, many years of experience. Whether packed in the field or in a packing house, each table grape bunch is carefully (WINS MAY )V,W. Jl.'IV AUC SmlK'is Etif 1 liiinipsnn Sirilkss t, C.llllHIU I IUDS HI A( KS I j I J 1. This club is for 4th through 12th graders that want to raise a beef, sheep, or swine animal science project. The Livestock club is seeking new members. The club won't start formal meetings until February, but its a good idea to get signed up now so you know what's required for your animal science project. Parents- there is some cost involved with this club, so its a good idea for you to talk with the leaders before signing your child up. To reach Angie or Laura, just stop by or call the Warm Springs Elementary School- 553-1128. 4-H Co-Ed Basketball club Leader: Mclvin Tcwcc This club has two age groups: 14 and under Boys and Girls, and 10 and under Boys. Basketball basics will be covered in October and November. New members are welcome. Right now the Co-ed Basketball club is practicing on Wednesdays from 4:30 to 6:15 at the Warm Springs Elementary Gym. For more details, show up at practice. 4-H Public Safety Cadets Leader: RaNcvaDowty This club is for 10 to 18 year olds, who will learn skills in using maps and compasses, plus tracking and more. Club meetings are held on the 1 st and 3rd Thursdays of each month at 6:30 p.m. in the Warm Springs Fire and Safety building. The group is holding off signing up new members for now. 4-H Timberwolves basketball club Leader: Janice Gilbert-Gunshows This club is for 10 and under boys. New members can show up at practice times. Current practice times for the Timberwolves are Mondays and Wednesdays from 6:30 to 8:00 p.m. in the Warm Springs Elementary gym. inspected and trimmed before it is packed into the shipping container. The shipping containers are then sent by refrigerated transport to produce markets throughout the United States and the world. Some grapes are maintained in a storage environment of about 33 degree F. in high humidity until they can be shipped. As a result, California table grapes with just-picked appeal are available through February. The Greens Perlette Seedless: The first grape of the season, the sweet-tart Perlette is light in color, almost frosty green with a translucent cast; the berries are nearly round. Season is May through August. ' Thompson Seedless: Almost everyone is familiar with this grape's light green color, oblong berries and sweet, juicy flavor. William Thompson, an English settler, first planted this Mediterranean variety near Yuba City north of Sacramento, CA in the 1860s. Season is June through August. Superior Seedless: The Superior berry is bright green and elongated. The fruit offers a light, sweet flavor and a distinctive crunch. Season is May through August. Calmeria: This tangy seeded grape carries the nickname "lady fingers", so called for its elongated, light-green berries. Season is September through January. The Reds Flame Seedless: This California-bred variety is a round, crunchy, sweet grape with a deep-red color. Season is May through December. Ruby Seedless: A deep-red, Tender skinned grape that's perfect for snacking. Season is July through February. Emperor: Large, deep-red clusters and a lasting flavorcharacterized this seeded winter favorite. Season is September through February. Red Globe: The Large, remarkable clusters of the Red Glove contain plum-sized seeded berries that are highly prized in Asian markets. Season is August through January. i Christmas Rose: This light-red, seeded variety ripens through December. The berries are large with a tart-sweet flavor. Season is August through December. The Blue-Blacks Exotic: Exotic berries are seeded, plump and juicy with a mild taste. Season is June through October. Ribier: This is a dark blue-black seeded grape with a mild flavor. Season is August through January. Grapes can grace a tale like few other fruits, whether they're placed simply in a bowl or dressed to me nines in a fashionable centerpiece. But grapes aren't just beautiful; they taste terrific too, and not just for snacking. Grapes add freshness, color and crunch to salads, desserts and entrees. There is no mystery to choosing fresh grapes either. Grapes are harvested when sweet and ripe so there's no need to sniff, thump or squeeze to make sure they are ready to eat. Select plump clusters attached to pliable green stems. Keep grapes refrigerated until ready to use, then rinse and serve, or add to recipes. 1 , SUM (XI NOV Pit JAN I Hi " r . ' - :r... i 1 L 1. 1 i Yll . iTTfifl 1" j