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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (June 22, 1995)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon June 22, 1995 7 THE NEWEST CLOVER SPEAKS..... and speaks....:, and speaks Greetings from the OSU Extension Of fice. Hi, I'm C.R. Begay, I'll be working in the OSU Extension Office for a brief period of time, until someone is hired on permanent in the 4-H Program Aide position. Let me attempt to entertain and dazzle you with the news I have compiled in the last few days. Some of the 4-H Clubs are shutting down until the fall time (around September), here are the ones that I know of: Janice Gilbert-Gunshows Youth Boys Basketball Club Neda Wesley - Outdoor Cookery Myra Shawaway 's Advanced Bead work Club is going to suspend their activities until their beadwork's get done playing basketball and softball. Bob Pawelek's Rockin' 4-H Club will be suspended until a new leader (community member?volunteer?parent?) can be re cruited. Until such a time, Bob will faithfully take care of the beef. Here is some news on currentongoing clubs and NEW clubs: Violetta Vaeth's Cultural Club is a new one this year. She is very excited about this club and new members are very welcome to join and learn some new things, as well as old things. Contact Vio at the Commodities Bldg. Carol Wewa's Livewire Productions Club has really started off with a bang. They are currently working on a productionplay ana are recruiting people to perform. The 4 H club meetings aren't actually starting until August. For more information, or if you think you have what it takes to "make ir on the stage, call Carol at the Community Health Education Office. Raneva Dowty'i Search & Rescue Ca det Program is another new club this year. I don't have alot of information on this club, anyone interested in joining or wanting de tails should contact Raneva at the Fire Hall. Keith Bakers Search and Rescue pro gram is off and running again. As some of you know this group was dissolved last year due to lack of funding, but monies gener ously provided by various sources have en abled them to start up again. They have as recently as the last week in May been called out on a search in another state. Anyone interested in joining this group should con tact Keith Baker or OSU's Arlene Boileau. 4-H Rainbow Dancers are still taking care of business. Joe Tuckta is the main contact for this club. Anyone interested in joining this troupe should contact Joe or go through our office here at OSU Extension. Gardening Club is still gardening. Sue Matters is head green thumb in this club. If you think you have the makings of a green thumb, or if you're just curious about "grow ing things" contact Sue at ECE. Girls Basketball (2nd grade on up) with Joyce Suppah Girls Basketball for ages 16 & Under with Foster Kalama 16 & Under Co-ed Basketball with Melvin Tewee These 3 clubs are still active, but for any information, you will need to contact each respective coach. A new club formed just this year is the "PIG CLUB". The club leader is Angie Or chard and the assistant is Laura Fuentes. Any prospective pig owners out there? If you . would like to find out how to join, or how to get a pig of your, own contact Angie or Laura. OSU Extension's Bob Pawelek can also assist anyone interested. A note to the new clubs forming, be sure and get your health registration forms into OSU Extension as soon as possible. They help for insurance coverage during club activities and travels and such. These are very important papers that parents as well as the participants need to sign. Another important reason to have these registration papers in is because of a new rule concerning use of the 4-H van. In order for clubs to use the 4-H van, ALL PARTICIPATING CLUB MEMBERS MUST HAVE A CURRENT, SIGNED HEALTH FORM TURNED INTO THE OSU EXTENSION OFFICE. Got some new ideas on a club? Come on down to the OSU Extension Office and find out how to get it started. Dogs? Cats? Horses? Rodeos? Swimming? Roping? Frogs? Skat ing? Dancing? Biking? Running? Fishing? Weightlifting? Body building? Bookworms? Stamp collecting? Gymnastics? Just about anything under the sun can become a club, as long as it has a club leader and members to follow and learn. Go ahead, just do it! Become 4-H today! Here's some information on the local fairs in surrounding counties: - Crook County Fair, July 2 1 -23, 1 995 in Prineville, OR. Theme: "Bounty of the County" - Jefferson County Fair & Rodeo, July 28 29, 1995 in Madras, OR. Theme: "The West Is Simply the Best" - Deschutes County Fair & Rodeo, Au gust 4-6, 1995 in Redmond, OR. Theme: "Ain't No Small Potatoes". - Wheeler County Fair & Rodeo, August 11-12, 1995 in Fossil, OR. Theme: Sage Brush to Star Dust" - Wasco County Fair & Rodeo, August 18-20, 1995 in Tygh Valley, OR. Theme: "Blue Jeans and Country Scenes". - Harney County Fair & Rodeo set for September 8-10, 1995 in Burns, OR. Theme: "Wrangler Jeans & Rodeo Scenes". - Oregon State Fair & Expo, August 24 September 4, 1995 in Salem, OR. Theme: "Your Fun Goes Further At The Fair". OSU Extension has phone numbers for each of these county offices, so if anyone needs information on any of them, just give us a call here at 553-3238. I think the newest clover has spoken enough for now. (maybe a little toooo much) Anyhow, we'll see you again in the next issue of the Spilyay 's "The Clover Rambles". C.R. A OPfGON5TATf UMVFRVTV EXTENSION service Information provided by: OSU Extension at Warm Springs 1110 Wasco Street 553-3238. QSU Extension Steffi Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth Bob Pawelek Livestock Norma Simpson Home Economics C.R. Begay (temp.) 4-H Assistant Agriculture Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based information from Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home Economics, 4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Development, Energy and Extension Sea Grant programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Extension Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people. EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU Basic gardening made easy Huckleberry management grant anticipated Vaccine available By Bob Pawelek As a part of a system approach to enhanc ing huckleberry production on the Warm Springs Reservation, a research grant pro posal has been submitted to the USDA. The research will promote the sustainable management of Vaccinium membranaceum, or Big Huckleberry. As many elders here know, this culturally important food has declined in abundance during the past fifty years. Oregon State University wishes to integrate an approach that includes components on traditional In dian knowledge, education, economics and "hard science," centered around this impor tant food source. The goal is to provide sustainable huckle berry ecosystem information that will in crease the food supply and sustain traditional values, practices and lifestyles of American Indians. Proposed research objectives are to deter mine impacts of the limiting factors on berry production, to detemine plant community structure for sustainable production, and to incorportate traditional Indian knowledge of natural systems in ways that protect propri etary trights of tribes. To accomplish this, we will examine eco system response to natural and anthropo genic disturbances. In other words, the re search will attempt to determine to what degree water, nutrients, and light interact in a causeeffect relationship, A unique aspect of this research effort is that there is an opportunity to fit into a larger focus which provides an opportunity agreed upon in the 1 99 1 Warm SpringsOregon State University Memorandum of Understanding. This document set the framework for active research participation between OSU and Warm Springs in areas of critical concern. Partnership-based efforts such as this are strongly recommended by tribal leaders and Native American education specialists' na- ' tionally, as an appropriate way to approach education which will help to recruite and retain American Indian students in U.S. sys tems of higher education. The proposed research will also provide professional crews of the Warm Springs Fire Management an opportunity to practise their expertise, such as prescribed burning tech niques. These treatments will be placed on a GIS system for a permanent database record. Warm Springs Forestry will cooperate by excluding the research areas from timber . sales. Tribal members are invited to partici pate in the on-site research activities. , Research results will be incorportedinto a socio-economic program to enhance huckle berries as a cultural food source. An answer from USDA is expected sometime in July. by Bob Pawelek Independent field studies on more than 1,300 cattle with symptomatic pinkeye snowed that a new vaccine called Moraxella bovis bacterin to be more than 90 effective in treating pinkeye. The product contains multiple isolates that protect the early infec tious exposure and subequent infectious chal lenge phases. The medicinal dosage is 2ml subcutaneously. Corral designs available '" In addition to the designs available at the OSU Extension office at Warm Springs, an other 60-page maual entitled, "Modern Cor ral Design," may be obtaied from Oklahoma State University Extension. Selling for $5.00 plus $ 1 for P&H, the book encludes sections on planning and site selection, working fa cilities, holding and sorting areas, the con struction sequence and a section on options such as loading chutes, scales, headgates, hospitals, etc. You may order the book from: Plans and Building Information Service (PBIS), Biosystems and Ag Engineering Dept., 214 Ag Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-0469. Make money order payable to PBIS. by Bob Pawelek The secret to growing great vegetables is the location of your garden-and how much time you devote to it. Your garden should be in an area that receives sun throughout the day. ..and is close enought to the house that you will remember to work in it every day. At the very least, you'll need a plot that is three feet wide by eight feet wide. Prepare the soil Remove the sod, grass, weeds, etc., with a straight-edged shovel. Use a long-handled garden fork to turn the soil. Many people prefer to use a rototiller. However, it's been my experience that tillers do not reach deep enough into the soil. Besides, a garden spade might prove to be a little more challenging. Add three inches of composted manure to the soil. The manure and all other equipment and materials can be purchased at the hard ware stores and nurseries around Madras or Redmond. Add a balanced organic fertilizer, follow ing package instructions. The package should say 10-10-10. These numbers refer to the percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium-the major nutrients plants require in the fertilizer. After adding the fertilizer, turn the soil again. Important: Add extra nitrogen every two to four weeks in areas where leafy vegetables are growing-lettuce, kale, or mustard greens. Also, add extra nitrogen if any vegetable plant's leaves turn yellow or wilt. Nitrogen can be purchased in the form of manure, fish emulsion or blood meal. Follow package instructions, or ask how to use it at your gardening supply store. . ..... Add extra phosphorus monthly to ensure good flowering and vegetable prduction. Bone meal and ground rock phosphate are also rich in phosphorus. EAST-TO-GROW VEGETABLES Beans Seed directly into the ground any time. Insert one seed every two inches-ap- proximatcly the distance from the tip of your finger to the second knuckle. For best results, prior to planting, treat seeds with innoculant, which helps promote growth and builds re sistance to disease. Procedure: Put some innoculant powder into a small plastic bag. Add a few drops of water and the seeds. Shake to coat the seeds. Then plant. Bush beans mature quickly. The one- to two-feet-tall bushes become covered with small flowers follewed by slender beans. Pick beans soon after they form. Each bush will y ield about two pounds of beans over a two- (o three-week period. Lettuce comes in many varieties, and leaf lettuces are easiest to grow. All types prefer cool weather and are an excellent choice for the Simnasho country or pine fringe areas. Sweet peppers Pepper plants are extemely delicate. Plant seedlings in the garden or in pots after the last frost. Pepper plants are easily damaged by chilly weather. Protect them with a sheet or a light blanket when night temperatures drop below 55 degrees. Tomatoes can be started indoors. ..or plant seedlings outside in the garden or in pots. Give tomatoes a good dose of high-nitrogen fertilizer once a month until the end of July. Then feed the soil once with phosphorus when the plant's flowers and tomatoes first emerge. Keep plants well watered after trans planting and during dry spells. Summer squash Sow seeds in the garden after the last frost. If you grow plants in pots, try a bush variety squash rather than one that grows on a vine. Soil should prepared with a 10-10-10 fertilizer. Caution: Once these plants begin produc ing, keep a close watch and pick the squashes often, or you may find that you are growing baseball bat. Extremely important! When planting any vegetables, make sure it is a short-season variety. 60-65 days are best, as this suggests the time it takes to get to harvest after germination. Bob Pawelek, OSU Extension Agent, has a copy for your perusal. Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) reported in New Mexico A suspected Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) was reported to the New Mexico Veterinary Services Area Office on May 1, 1995 by a :as Cruces, NM veterinarian. The horse was reported to have oral vesicles and ulcers on the tongue, gums and lips. The tongue was swollen and the animal was anorexic. A federal FAD diagnostician was dis patched immediately to perform an investi gation. Tissue samples and serology from the affected horse testing. Initial comple ment fixation (CF) titers on serology per formed on the animal a few days later gave a CF response to VS of 1:2, 460. The equine penmate had a CF titer of 1:5,120 to VS. Virus isolation had been negative to date. The animal is now completely recovered. VS is a significant disease for several reasons. It can cause severe economic losses, especially in dairy herds. In affected live stock, VS causes blister like lesions in the oral cavity, tongue, nostrils, and hooves. These animals usually have an elevated tem perature, refuse to eat or drink, and show signs of lameness. VS outbreaks may lull animal health professionals and industry into a less than optimum surveillance mode when outbreaks of VS are occurring. The vesicular stomatitis virus tends to cycle every 8-10 years. It has been 10 years since the last major outbreak of VS has been reported in the US. Given the cyclic nature of the virus and the current environmental con ditions within certain parts of the US, condi tions are favorable for an outbreak. VS is a viral disease that primarily affects cattle, horses and swine. The virus has a wide host range to include many species of wild ani mals and humans. Many human cases go unreported or undetected. VS generally occurs in the Summer months and early fall. All ranchers, herd owners and horse owners should be encouraged to prac tice proper biosecurity and vector control to help prevent possible spread of the virus. Veterinarians and livestock owners who suspect an animal of having VS or any other vesicular condition should immediately con tact their State or Federal animal health official. Stockman's Roundup: Extension and Range management- -.ja by Bob Pawelek OSU Livestock Agent The following article was written by Dr. Kendall Johnson of the Range Resources Department at the University of Idaho in Moscow. Dr. Kendall discusses the future of range management and Extension's func tion. Extension programs have been conducted for three-quarters of a century in the United States. The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 estab lished a national educational program de signed to transfer the results of land grant university research to agriculturists. Initially, Extension was organized as a system of prac tical, hands-on education focused on three classical audiences: farmers, rural homemak ers and agricultural youth. By design, it was focused on private agriculturists and private land. Since, Extension has gradually grown and shifted with a changing society to work with a much broader clientele. It now works on a much wider range of issues, including re source conservation, public policy, consumer well being and environmental awareness. When Extension came upon the scene, agriculture was almost entirely focused on the agronomic or intensive as opposed to the ecologic or extensive forms of management. Then as now, the functional edge of exten sion rested with the county agent. In terms of range management, there is often a lack of emphasis on extensively man aged grazing land, public lands, range man agement, environmental concerns, and new values associated with the use of such lands. The agent is seen as the answer to the prob lems of de-emphasis on agriculture. How ever, there are too many county agents whose approach to the rise of environmental con cerns, as exemplified by environmental im pact statements on grazing, was to help fight the management agencies and grazing crit ic, instead of helping the rancher deal with the nc? requirements and obligations. At the extreme, the agent becomes part of the prob lem rather than part of the solution. Probably the best example for the county agent is the present concern over water qual ity and quantity. The concept of water flow ing onto a piece of property that should be in the same quality when it flows off that piece of property is going to become steadily a more persuasive argument in land manage ment. It will be the avenue for concern, for legislation and for regulation which will be come larger in the coming years. Such con cerns will have a powerful effect on private land uses, and the way the agent chooses to help private land owners respond to those concerns is going to be critical. In summary, for extension to be effective, more ecologically trained agents with em phasis on people and political skills will be required in the future. Second, expansion of organized groups over the entire spectrum will be needed. Third, new ways to effec tively address urban publics must be devel oped. Fourth, extension activities in helping private land owners meet their socio-envi-ronmental challenges are sorely needed. An outstanding example has been the proactive development of the cooperative resource management program in the public land states. Extension can remain, if it chooses to remain, the sort of viable tradition-making force in American agriculture that it has been for over 75 years. The Warm Springs OSU Extension Office would like to wish everyone an enjoyable Pi-Ume-Sha and a safe trip home. OSU Extension Agent can help identify spiders You may notice a few big, brown long legged spiders around your home. Such a sighting causes many homeowners to be lieve they are looking at one of the dreaded brown recluse spiders. "They are not," says Jack DeAngelis, Or egon State University (OSU) Extension en tomologist. "The brown recluse spider does not occur in Oregon, or anywhere else in the Pacific Northwest. The big brown spiders, common in the fall, are male giant European Housespiders or male aggressive housespiders, out searching for females." "Normally both of these types of spiders are pretty secretive, but during the mating season males tend to wander into the open," Spider mites can cause damage to plants says DeAngelis. "The giant European house spider is essentially harmless, although fright ening. However, the aggressive house spider can inflict a serious bite that often leads to an ulcerating, slow-healing wound." "Care should be taken with any of these spiders since it is nearly impossible to tell them apart," he says. Call your local county office of the OSU Extension Service for help with identification. "For control of these and other spiders, household insect sprays are effective," says Gary Parsons, OSU Extension entomologist. "A vacuum cleaner is one alternative to chemical control." Our recent hot, dry days have been very enjoyable, especially when compared to the long cold winter. Unfortunately, this weather that many of us love so much is also the favorite weather of spider mites. Be sure to check your plants to make sure these little critters aren't doing them serious damage. Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on plant juices, causing many plants in the home landscape and garden to turn yellow, dry and fall off. Infested broad leaves may develop a distorted shape. A very light film of webbing may or may not be found where a spider mite attack breaks out. There are several species but the most common are the red spider mite and the two-spotted spider mite. They all do similar damage to plants. The mite is too small to be seen without some sort of magnifying lens. Check for their presence by holding a white sheet of paper under a cluster of possible infested leaves. Strike the branch of the plant sharply. Exam ine the material that falls to the paper closely. If some of the "dust spots" move, you might have a spider mite problem. Washing infested plants periodically with a strong stream of water will provide some control, the water will knock the mites from the plants where they will die or be eaten by predators. For extreme infestations insecti cidal soap or the pesticide Kelthan can be used to control spider mites. Whenever using any pesticides always exercise caution and read label instructions carefully. Suggestions for use of dry eggs A popular book, FOOD FOR FIFTY sixth edition, has some excellent suggestions for storage of unused portions of dried w hole eggs. "After opening, refrigerate any unused potions in container with a close-fitting lid. Reconstitue only the amount needed at one time. Reconstitute by blending with water or combine with other dry ingredients in recipe and add amount of water needed to reconsti tute. Use reconstituted eggs immediately, or refrigerated promptly in an airtight contain ers and use within 1 hour. Store unopened packages in cool, dry place where temperatures are no more than 50 degrees F, preferably in refrigerator. t