Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
June 22, 1995 7
THE NEWEST CLOVER SPEAKS..... and speaks....:, and speaks
Greetings from the OSU Extension Of
fice. Hi, I'm C.R. Begay, I'll be working in the
OSU Extension Office for a brief period of
time, until someone is hired on permanent in
the 4-H Program Aide position.
Let me attempt to entertain and dazzle
you with the news I have compiled in the last
few days.
Some of the 4-H Clubs are shutting down
until the fall time (around September), here
are the ones that I know of:
Janice Gilbert-Gunshows Youth Boys
Basketball Club
Neda Wesley - Outdoor Cookery
Myra Shawaway 's Advanced Bead work
Club is going to suspend their activities until
their beadwork's get done playing basketball
and softball.
Bob Pawelek's Rockin' 4-H Club will
be suspended until a new leader (community
member?volunteer?parent?) can be re
cruited. Until such a time, Bob will faithfully
take care of the beef.
Here is some news on currentongoing
clubs and NEW clubs:
Violetta Vaeth's Cultural Club is a new
one this year. She is very excited about this
club and new members are very welcome to
join and learn some new things, as well as old
things. Contact Vio at the Commodities Bldg.
Carol Wewa's Livewire Productions
Club has really started off with a bang. They
are currently working on a productionplay
ana are recruiting people to perform. The 4
H club meetings aren't actually starting until
August. For more information, or if you
think you have what it takes to "make ir on
the stage, call Carol at the Community Health
Education Office.
Raneva Dowty'i Search & Rescue Ca
det Program is another new club this year. I
don't have alot of information on this club,
anyone interested in joining or wanting de
tails should contact Raneva at the Fire Hall.
Keith Bakers Search and Rescue pro
gram is off and running again. As some of
you know this group was dissolved last year
due to lack of funding, but monies gener
ously provided by various sources have en
abled them to start up again. They have as
recently as the last week in May been called
out on a search in another state. Anyone
interested in joining this group should con
tact Keith Baker or OSU's Arlene Boileau.
4-H Rainbow Dancers are still taking
care of business. Joe Tuckta is the main
contact for this club. Anyone interested in
joining this troupe should contact Joe or go
through our office here at OSU Extension.
Gardening Club is still gardening. Sue
Matters is head green thumb in this club. If
you think you have the makings of a green
thumb, or if you're just curious about "grow
ing things" contact Sue at ECE.
Girls Basketball (2nd grade on up) with
Joyce Suppah
Girls Basketball for ages 16 & Under
with Foster Kalama
16 & Under Co-ed Basketball with
Melvin Tewee
These 3 clubs are still active, but for any
information, you will need to contact each
respective coach.
A new club formed just this year is the
"PIG CLUB". The club leader is Angie Or
chard and the assistant is Laura Fuentes. Any
prospective pig owners out there? If you .
would like to find out how to join, or how to
get a pig of your, own contact Angie or
Laura. OSU Extension's Bob Pawelek can
also assist anyone interested.
A note to the new clubs forming, be
sure and get your health registration forms
into OSU Extension as soon as possible.
They help for insurance coverage during
club activities and travels and such. These
are very important papers that parents as well
as the participants need to sign.
Another important reason to have
these registration papers in is because of a
new rule concerning use of the 4-H van. In
order for clubs to use the 4-H van, ALL
PARTICIPATING CLUB MEMBERS
MUST HAVE A CURRENT, SIGNED
HEALTH FORM TURNED INTO THE OSU
EXTENSION OFFICE.
Got some new ideas on a club? Come on
down to the OSU Extension Office and find
out how to get it started. Dogs? Cats? Horses?
Rodeos? Swimming? Roping? Frogs? Skat
ing? Dancing? Biking? Running? Fishing?
Weightlifting? Body building? Bookworms?
Stamp collecting? Gymnastics?
Just about anything under the sun can
become a club, as long as it has a club leader
and members to follow and learn. Go ahead,
just do it! Become 4-H today!
Here's some information on the local fairs
in surrounding counties:
- Crook County Fair, July 2 1 -23, 1 995 in
Prineville, OR. Theme: "Bounty of the
County"
- Jefferson County Fair & Rodeo, July 28
29, 1995 in Madras, OR. Theme: "The West
Is Simply the Best"
- Deschutes County Fair & Rodeo, Au
gust 4-6, 1995 in Redmond, OR. Theme:
"Ain't No Small Potatoes".
- Wheeler County Fair & Rodeo, August
11-12, 1995 in Fossil, OR. Theme: Sage
Brush to Star Dust"
- Wasco County Fair & Rodeo, August
18-20, 1995 in Tygh Valley, OR. Theme:
"Blue Jeans and Country Scenes".
- Harney County Fair & Rodeo set for
September 8-10, 1995 in Burns, OR. Theme:
"Wrangler Jeans & Rodeo Scenes".
- Oregon State Fair & Expo, August 24
September 4, 1995 in Salem, OR. Theme:
"Your Fun Goes Further At The Fair".
OSU Extension has phone numbers for
each of these county offices, so if anyone
needs information on any of them, just give
us a call here at 553-3238.
I think the newest clover has spoken
enough for now. (maybe a little toooo much)
Anyhow, we'll see you again in the next
issue of the Spilyay 's "The Clover Rambles".
C.R.
A
OPfGON5TATf UMVFRVTV
EXTENSION
service
Information provided by:
OSU Extension
at Warm Springs
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238.
QSU Extension Steffi
Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Livestock
Norma Simpson Home Economics
C.R. Begay (temp.) 4-H Assistant
Agriculture
Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras
The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based information from
Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home
Economics, 4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Development, Energy and Extension
Sea Grant programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of
Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
cooperating. The Extension Service offers its programs and materials equally to all
people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
Basic gardening made easy
Huckleberry management grant anticipated Vaccine available
By Bob Pawelek
As a part of a system approach to enhanc
ing huckleberry production on the Warm
Springs Reservation, a research grant pro
posal has been submitted to the USDA.
The research will promote the sustainable
management of Vaccinium membranaceum,
or Big Huckleberry.
As many elders here know, this culturally
important food has declined in abundance
during the past fifty years. Oregon State
University wishes to integrate an approach
that includes components on traditional In
dian knowledge, education, economics and
"hard science," centered around this impor
tant food source.
The goal is to provide sustainable huckle
berry ecosystem information that will in
crease the food supply and sustain traditional
values, practices and lifestyles of American
Indians.
Proposed research objectives are to deter
mine impacts of the limiting factors on berry
production, to detemine plant community
structure for sustainable production, and to
incorportate traditional Indian knowledge of
natural systems in ways that protect propri
etary trights of tribes.
To accomplish this, we will examine eco
system response to natural and anthropo
genic disturbances. In other words, the re
search will attempt to determine to what
degree water, nutrients, and light interact in
a causeeffect relationship,
A unique aspect of this research effort is
that there is an opportunity to fit into a larger
focus which provides an opportunity agreed
upon in the 1 99 1 Warm SpringsOregon State
University Memorandum of Understanding.
This document set the framework for active
research participation between OSU and
Warm Springs in areas of critical concern.
Partnership-based efforts such as this are
strongly recommended by tribal leaders and
Native American education specialists' na- '
tionally, as an appropriate way to approach
education which will help to recruite and
retain American Indian students in U.S. sys
tems of higher education.
The proposed research will also provide
professional crews of the Warm Springs Fire
Management an opportunity to practise their
expertise, such as prescribed burning tech
niques. These treatments will be placed on a
GIS system for a permanent database record.
Warm Springs Forestry will cooperate by
excluding the research areas from timber .
sales. Tribal members are invited to partici
pate in the on-site research activities. ,
Research results will be incorportedinto a
socio-economic program to enhance huckle
berries as a cultural food source. An answer
from USDA is expected sometime in July.
by Bob Pawelek
Independent field studies on more than
1,300 cattle with symptomatic pinkeye
snowed that a new vaccine called Moraxella
bovis bacterin to be more than 90 effective
in treating pinkeye. The product contains
multiple isolates that protect the early infec
tious exposure and subequent infectious chal
lenge phases. The medicinal dosage is 2ml
subcutaneously.
Corral designs available
'" In addition to the designs available at the
OSU Extension office at Warm Springs, an
other 60-page maual entitled, "Modern Cor
ral Design," may be obtaied from Oklahoma
State University Extension. Selling for $5.00
plus $ 1 for P&H, the book encludes sections
on planning and site selection, working fa
cilities, holding and sorting areas, the con
struction sequence and a section on options
such as loading chutes, scales, headgates,
hospitals, etc.
You may order the book from: Plans and
Building Information Service (PBIS),
Biosystems and Ag Engineering Dept., 214
Ag Hall, Oklahoma State University,
Stillwater, OK 74078-0469. Make money
order payable to PBIS.
by Bob Pawelek
The secret to growing great vegetables is
the location of your garden-and how much
time you devote to it.
Your garden should be in an area that
receives sun throughout the day. ..and is close
enought to the house that you will remember
to work in it every day. At the very least,
you'll need a plot that is three feet wide by
eight feet wide.
Prepare the soil
Remove the sod, grass, weeds, etc., with a
straight-edged shovel. Use a long-handled
garden fork to turn the soil. Many people
prefer to use a rototiller. However, it's been
my experience that tillers do not reach deep
enough into the soil. Besides, a garden spade
might prove to be a little more challenging.
Add three inches of composted manure to
the soil. The manure and all other equipment
and materials can be purchased at the hard
ware stores and nurseries around Madras or
Redmond.
Add a balanced organic fertilizer, follow
ing package instructions. The package should
say 10-10-10. These numbers refer to the
percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium-the major nutrients plants require
in the fertilizer. After adding the fertilizer,
turn the soil again.
Important: Add extra nitrogen every two
to four weeks in areas where leafy vegetables
are growing-lettuce, kale, or mustard greens.
Also, add extra nitrogen if any vegetable
plant's leaves turn yellow or wilt. Nitrogen
can be purchased in the form of manure, fish
emulsion or blood meal. Follow package
instructions, or ask how to use it at your
gardening supply store. . .....
Add extra phosphorus monthly to ensure
good flowering and vegetable prduction.
Bone meal and ground rock phosphate are
also rich in phosphorus.
EAST-TO-GROW VEGETABLES
Beans Seed directly into the ground any
time. Insert one seed every two inches-ap-
proximatcly the distance from the tip of your
finger to the second knuckle. For best results,
prior to planting, treat seeds with innoculant,
which helps promote growth and builds re
sistance to disease. Procedure: Put some
innoculant powder into a small plastic bag.
Add a few drops of water and the seeds.
Shake to coat the seeds. Then plant.
Bush beans mature quickly. The one- to
two-feet-tall bushes become covered with
small flowers follewed by slender beans.
Pick beans soon after they form. Each bush
will y ield about two pounds of beans over a
two- (o three-week period.
Lettuce comes in many varieties, and leaf
lettuces are easiest to grow. All types prefer
cool weather and are an excellent choice for
the Simnasho country or pine fringe areas.
Sweet peppers Pepper plants are extemely
delicate. Plant seedlings in the garden or in
pots after the last frost. Pepper plants are
easily damaged by chilly weather. Protect
them with a sheet or a light blanket when
night temperatures drop below 55 degrees.
Tomatoes can be started indoors. ..or plant
seedlings outside in the garden or in pots.
Give tomatoes a good dose of high-nitrogen
fertilizer once a month until the end of July.
Then feed the soil once with phosphorus
when the plant's flowers and tomatoes first
emerge. Keep plants well watered after trans
planting and during dry spells.
Summer squash Sow seeds in the garden
after the last frost. If you grow plants in pots,
try a bush variety squash rather than one that
grows on a vine. Soil should prepared with a
10-10-10 fertilizer.
Caution: Once these plants begin produc
ing, keep a close watch and pick the squashes
often, or you may find that you are growing
baseball bat.
Extremely important! When planting
any vegetables, make sure it is a short-season
variety. 60-65 days are best, as this suggests
the time it takes to get to harvest after germination.
Bob Pawelek, OSU Extension Agent, has
a copy for your perusal.
Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) reported in New Mexico
A suspected Foreign Animal Disease
(FAD) was reported to the New Mexico
Veterinary Services Area Office on May 1,
1995 by a :as Cruces, NM veterinarian. The
horse was reported to have oral vesicles and
ulcers on the tongue, gums and lips. The
tongue was swollen and the animal was
anorexic.
A federal FAD diagnostician was dis
patched immediately to perform an investi
gation. Tissue samples and serology from
the affected horse testing. Initial comple
ment fixation (CF) titers on serology per
formed on the animal a few days later gave a
CF response to VS of 1:2, 460. The equine
penmate had a CF titer of 1:5,120 to VS.
Virus isolation had been negative to date.
The animal is now completely recovered.
VS is a significant disease for several
reasons. It can cause severe economic losses,
especially in dairy herds. In affected live
stock, VS causes blister like lesions in the
oral cavity, tongue, nostrils, and hooves.
These animals usually have an elevated tem
perature, refuse to eat or drink, and show
signs of lameness. VS outbreaks may lull
animal health professionals and industry into
a less than optimum surveillance mode when
outbreaks of VS are occurring.
The vesicular stomatitis virus tends to
cycle every 8-10 years. It has been 10 years
since the last major outbreak of VS has been
reported in the US. Given the cyclic nature of
the virus and the current environmental con
ditions within certain parts of the US, condi
tions are favorable for an outbreak. VS is a
viral disease that primarily affects cattle,
horses and swine. The virus has a wide host
range to include many species of wild ani
mals and humans. Many human cases go
unreported or undetected.
VS generally occurs in the Summer months
and early fall. All ranchers, herd owners and
horse owners should be encouraged to prac
tice proper biosecurity and vector control to
help prevent possible spread of the virus.
Veterinarians and livestock owners who
suspect an animal of having VS or any other
vesicular condition should immediately con
tact their State or Federal animal health official.
Stockman's Roundup: Extension and Range management-
-.ja
by Bob Pawelek
OSU Livestock Agent
The following article was written by Dr.
Kendall Johnson of the Range Resources
Department at the University of Idaho in
Moscow. Dr. Kendall discusses the future of
range management and Extension's func
tion. Extension programs have been conducted
for three-quarters of a century in the United
States. The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 estab
lished a national educational program de
signed to transfer the results of land grant
university research to agriculturists. Initially,
Extension was organized as a system of prac
tical, hands-on education focused on three
classical audiences: farmers, rural homemak
ers and agricultural youth. By design, it was
focused on private agriculturists and private
land.
Since, Extension has gradually grown and
shifted with a changing society to work with
a much broader clientele. It now works on a
much wider range of issues, including re
source conservation, public policy, consumer
well being and environmental awareness.
When Extension came upon the scene,
agriculture was almost entirely focused on
the agronomic or intensive as opposed to the
ecologic or extensive forms of management.
Then as now, the functional edge of exten
sion rested with the county agent.
In terms of range management, there is
often a lack of emphasis on extensively man
aged grazing land, public lands, range man
agement, environmental concerns, and new
values associated with the use of such lands.
The agent is seen as the answer to the prob
lems of de-emphasis on agriculture. How
ever, there are too many county agents whose
approach to the rise of environmental con
cerns, as exemplified by environmental im
pact statements on grazing, was to help fight
the management agencies and grazing crit
ic, instead of helping the rancher deal with
the nc? requirements and obligations. At the
extreme, the agent becomes part of the prob
lem rather than part of the solution.
Probably the best example for the county
agent is the present concern over water qual
ity and quantity. The concept of water flow
ing onto a piece of property that should be in
the same quality when it flows off that piece
of property is going to become steadily a
more persuasive argument in land manage
ment. It will be the avenue for concern, for
legislation and for regulation which will be
come larger in the coming years. Such con
cerns will have a powerful effect on private
land uses, and the way the agent chooses to
help private land owners respond to those
concerns is going to be critical.
In summary, for extension to be effective,
more ecologically trained agents with em
phasis on people and political skills will be
required in the future. Second, expansion of
organized groups over the entire spectrum
will be needed. Third, new ways to effec
tively address urban publics must be devel
oped. Fourth, extension activities in helping
private land owners meet their socio-envi-ronmental
challenges are sorely needed. An
outstanding example has been the proactive
development of the cooperative resource
management program in the public land
states. Extension can remain, if it chooses to
remain, the sort of viable tradition-making
force in American agriculture that it has been
for over 75 years.
The Warm Springs OSU
Extension Office would like
to wish everyone an
enjoyable Pi-Ume-Sha and a
safe trip home.
OSU Extension Agent can help identify spiders
You may notice a few big, brown long
legged spiders around your home. Such a
sighting causes many homeowners to be
lieve they are looking at one of the dreaded
brown recluse spiders.
"They are not," says Jack DeAngelis, Or
egon State University (OSU) Extension en
tomologist. "The brown recluse spider does
not occur in Oregon, or anywhere else in the
Pacific Northwest. The big brown spiders,
common in the fall, are male giant European
Housespiders or male aggressive
housespiders, out searching for females."
"Normally both of these types of spiders
are pretty secretive, but during the mating
season males tend to wander into the open,"
Spider mites can cause damage to plants
says DeAngelis. "The giant European house
spider is essentially harmless, although fright
ening. However, the aggressive house spider
can inflict a serious bite that often leads to an
ulcerating, slow-healing wound."
"Care should be taken with any of these
spiders since it is nearly impossible to tell
them apart," he says. Call your local county
office of the OSU Extension Service for help
with identification.
"For control of these and other spiders,
household insect sprays are effective," says
Gary Parsons, OSU Extension entomologist.
"A vacuum cleaner is one alternative to
chemical control."
Our recent hot, dry days have been very
enjoyable, especially when compared to the
long cold winter. Unfortunately, this weather
that many of us love so much is also the
favorite weather of spider mites. Be sure to
check your plants to make sure these little
critters aren't doing them serious damage.
Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on
plant juices, causing many plants in the home
landscape and garden to turn yellow, dry and
fall off. Infested broad leaves may develop a
distorted shape. A very light film of webbing
may or may not be found where a spider mite
attack breaks out. There are several species
but the most common are the red spider mite
and the two-spotted spider mite. They all do
similar damage to plants.
The mite is too small to be seen without
some sort of magnifying lens. Check for their
presence by holding a white sheet of paper
under a cluster of possible infested leaves.
Strike the branch of the plant sharply. Exam
ine the material that falls to the paper closely.
If some of the "dust spots" move, you might
have a spider mite problem.
Washing infested plants periodically with
a strong stream of water will provide some
control, the water will knock the mites from
the plants where they will die or be eaten by
predators. For extreme infestations insecti
cidal soap or the pesticide Kelthan can be
used to control spider mites. Whenever using
any pesticides always exercise caution and
read label instructions carefully.
Suggestions for use of dry eggs
A popular book, FOOD FOR FIFTY sixth
edition, has some excellent suggestions for
storage of unused portions of dried w hole
eggs. "After opening, refrigerate any unused
potions in container with a close-fitting lid.
Reconstitue only the amount needed at one
time. Reconstitute by blending with water or
combine with other dry ingredients in recipe
and add amount of water needed to reconsti
tute. Use reconstituted eggs immediately, or
refrigerated promptly in an airtight contain
ers and use within 1 hour.
Store unopened packages in cool, dry
place where temperatures are no more than
50 degrees F, preferably in refrigerator.
t