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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 21, 1887)
WILLAMETTE FARMER: SALEM, OREGON, JANUARY 21. 1887. rt JE ; lamed erery Weak by tht drUXAMRTTR FARMER riTnLlftHIM. CO. W TKUMB Of 8UB8CBUTIOH. One year, (VotUgt pld), Inadrance ,1 2.0(1 Mx monthi, (F-oataae paid), In adraneu l.tb UN thn eix tnonthi will be, per month 115 ADVERSISINO UATK3 1 AdrtrtltemeoUi will be lnieried, providing tn ro ttpecUble, at the following Uble ol ratee t One Inch of epace -r month t 2.60 Khreelncbeeof ipueper month 00 I Be-half column per month. .... 16.00 On column per month 80.00 MLSample eoplee lent free on application. PUIPJIPnAd'crtl'er'on obtain aiWcrtlilnir ratee uinunuu of LORD A THOMAH. l lUnilolpIl THIS PAPER,! may he found oh Vii.mat i:o. r. itou'KfjTi at co'f !Ve-.vapaper Advertising Hurenu (10 81'llUCR HTIIRKT), WHKItB AD. MPUf If fin 1 may bo mmlo for It lu II li WW I Will 3IIIC fllDEB,l"nnlfl.,n' hllBdelpliU Iig5 J '' tulng Agency of limn. . W.AYKK SON, our nulborticd ajjcqU. CINl'INATTIadtrtlMracncalUt 17S Vine etreot, anil get citlmatce. Our agent are I'AIM ! HUBH. FISHER : SAN FRANCISCO Will quoto favorable ratee-21 MerclinU fcxcliaiigo. No olkomarga niNE ofTlcial Is needed by tho Stnto slnco tlio United Stntcs 1ms takon n hand in tho bogus btittor trndo and its officials nro tho guardians of dairy intcrosts. Whcthor tho Stnto lost or gained by tho ofTort nindo to koop down immitation butter, wo cannot say. Tho treasury is somo thousands minus, and tho bogus btittor trndo is snid to bo on tho incroaso. Tho probability is that our Undo Samuel's ofllcors will do their duly in this matter, at thoy do in other respects, so wo suggost that tho Stnto ot Oregon may iu woll draw out of tho gatno. Especially ns bogus butter is Haid to havo grown grcntly slnco wo set a man to watch it. OltKOO.V HWAMI' I.ANHH lllV0 bcoil wftHtcd and squandered by rockloss leg islation and it comos a little late to en deavor to hiivo tho States rlghtH now, but it will bo n good movo to search and unearth tho frauds that nro supposed to havo boon perpotrntcd, and compel tho land grnbbora to disgorgo illegal claims. It is asserted that thoy havo included as swamp lauds much that is capable of Kcttlomont as it is. Wo do not under stand that such lands belong to tho Stnto. Thoro Hhould bo thorough work, Jlrat, to dcoido whnt nro legally swamp lands ; and next to sccuro thorn to tho Stnto. Tho peoplo nro sick of tho swin dling gnmos report oil, and wish tho pub lio domain reserved for legitimate uses. No doubt thoro nro many honest claims of thoso who intend to use Bwnmp lands for n legitlinato purposo, but whole-hog tpoculntors, liko Hon Owen, Hhould bo hold iu check by ovory legal menus and nindo to comply with tho lnw,orgivoup thoir immensn holdings. Tub cask of Anthony W. I'rossloy is dosorvlng of especial notlco and tho leg islature can cattily sco if it litis merits. Over fifteen years ago ho bought n qunr tor section of Stnto laud of T, II. Oauii, clorkot thoSohool Lund's Commissioner and receivod a warranty deod. Tho kiiiiiq oflloer soon nftor sold tho smiio land to others, nnd Frossloy hud to do fond 1i!h title at a cost of over $1,500. Ho lost his papers nnd can only Itemize $1,080 ot his claim nnd that ho Hwonrs to. Mr. Pressloy is an old friend, and wo study his case with interest. Cer tainly tho State's agent wan to blamo, and tho Stato should not lot any citizon Miller such loss from its own error. Mr. Pivssloy BiilTorcd this loss ninny years ago nnd tho interest now twico equals tho principal. Ho had nil tho worry and loss of tlmo that accompanies legal troubled, and now claims only his own again. A reprosontntlvo of tho Stato Hhould look at this matter fairly uud do exactly what is right, mid it is not right that nny citizen should loose so much money in suclt n way aim have no dress. ro- THE AQRICULTURAI C0LLE0.E--110W IT CAN BENEFIT THE STATE. One of tho most enterprising and successful men in our State, who is greatly interested in farming and Htock raising, a few days ago suggtted to us to take a special interest iu tho Stnto Agricultural College, with a view to !'" ' aid from our Stato ns Mid managers ""al e per ivcr but it must havo money to cngago talont nnd to enrry on experiments and mnko investigations. It somo States this class of institu tions nro prepared to moko analysis of soils, which is of tho utmost importance. A man purchases land nnd doesn't know whnt uso it is adapted for. If wo could havo roliablo tests made, ho would know tho best uses for his land. The collogo should bo prepared to furnish tho fnrmcr n reliable statement of tho ingredients of Ih'b soils, for oun man may havo different soils in n farm that borders n river nnd reaches into tho hills. To bo prepnrod for usefulness tho College Bhould havo nt least a hundred acrcn of land for its own experimental work. Its land might bo nlong a river nnd oxtond back to tho hills, or It could havo different plocos of land, to includo tho various soIIb peculiar to our Stnto. Even then it could not havo nt com mand ovory Boil that Is likoly to need analysis, but could experiment nnd study tho qualitios of all soils, nnd bo propnrcd to express nu opinion as to tho valuo of the land for tho purpose an in tending purchaser might desiro for it. Wo louvo tho subject for thoso inter ested to work on, nnd hopo somo action will bo tnken nt this sossion towards realizing such results ns wo suggost. Tho bitflinnss of Agriculturo is of pnmo importnnco. Tho Collcgo nt Corvnllis should bo mado to foster its great object nnd thn Stnto is abundantly nblo to equip it for successful work. A BKUIT ORQWIVQ COUNTY. Tho Snn Joso Daily Mercury for Jnn unry 1, contains) n lint of tho fruit grow ors in Santa Clnra county, California, that is a wonderful exhibit of tho resour ces of Hint county from that branch of husbandry. It gives tho names of fif tcon hundred fruit-growers. Wo look n column nt random, nnd counted half way through it to find 50,000 fruit trees growing, nnd over n thousand ncrcs in grnpo vines, actually by count ing up 1,200 ncrcs. Supposing tho wholo 18 columns to contain as much, thcro would bo 1,800, 000 fruit trees, and 2,100 ncrcs of vinos. At 180 trees to tho aero, thoro would bo 10,000 acres in trcos, nnd 2,-100 in vines makes 12,100 ncrcs to fruit in that ouo county. Yet that county is not hotter adapted to fruit than many districts of Orogon. This county of Santa Clara bus immonso wealth in its fruit produc tion, nnd Oregon can, nnd somotimo will, do likewise. TlIK 8TATK AailltiULTUItAI. SOCIETY enmooutof tho tost last fall with Hying colors nnd with full coiTors, nil becaueo tho Stnto lost its nnuio to dispel all local features nnd prejudice, nnd moro yet, lout its mouoy nid to float its finances. Only for this help nnd encouragement tho Annual Fair would havo boon like itsrecont predecessors n financial fail tiro. Tho experiment proved n success becauso tho Fair was moro popular than of old, nnd tho Stato's subsidy pulled it thiough in good shnpo. Wo noed it Stato Society and tho fair must bo held. With tho anmo aid ex tended n fow years, until times rovivo and farmers' finances improve, wo can then go nlono nnd keep tho society clonr of debt. Tho Stnto can nflbrd to givo Its annual $5,000, until tho debts nro paid nnd tho Fair Grounds in good shape with all buildings of n pormniient character. Then wo can try to "go it nlono." TiiKiit: is a disposition to legislate on railroad charges and a freight tarilT is suggested to regulate that line of busi ness. It is said that this bill will only effect tho O. It. & X. Co., becauso other rouda do not charge as high rates. Wo hear a great ileal about monopoly charges iu California, but it seems that California railroads do not nearly charge tho rates paid in Oregon. It may be true that there is more business douo on tlio roans in ujiuiioriuii, ana tnat our roads cannot ntlbrs to carry nt the rates pnid there. Much depends on the con ditions of a country, population, and business dene; taking these fuels into considerations the legislataro should pro tect consumers nnd producers alike from unreasonable charges. Tho con struction ot transportation hues is of mut importance, but they should not bo "ted to charge unreasonable rates. vo business to pay tho roads, 't thorn to sink monoy "aid in older states. ?, this ouo has has been i, and tho nionizo, utics, Wo havo written rather freely on tho subject of fruit growing since fall began, and havo tho satisfaction to know that experienced orchardists np prcciato what ilia Farmer has said as roliablo information, collected from tho most roliablo sources. Wo havo given tho best experience to bo had and havo oarncstly tried to incito among farmers nn interest in orchard work ns tho most profltnblo sourco of iucomo from tho soil. Wo nro coming now to spring time, nnd thoso who intend to plant trees should bo ready to do so, thorofore wo Bhnll roviow tho Bnbjcct, briefly, giving important points for tho gtiid anco of thoso who nro interested in fruit culture Thoro !b no belter location for nn or- chnrd than n sandy loam nlong n river or strcnm, whero thn wator docs not reach, or whero it stands but n day or two nt highest overflow. Such n loca tion nnd soil is spccinlly adapted to poaches nnd npricotn, nnd prunes, espec inlly tho Itnlinn prune, Hint requires warm nnu quick soil, anil refuses to livo nnd thrivo on a henvy clay, or with clay Biib-soil near tho surface. Wo nro assured that chcrrios do well on a Bandy bluff or bench near n river. Prob ably nil orchard trocs do ns well there. Tho ponr grows whero somo other fruits will not succeed, but grows best on tho best soil nnd most fnvornblo lo cations. Tho red hills, undorlaid with n Btrntn of mart, offer good soil for or charding, but tho Waldo Hills nro not in ovory part suited to Italian prunes nnd Yellow1 Now town apples. Tho np plication then is, chooso for your or chard n location with wnrm soil and sub-eoil, If you havo such. Olayoy pralrio land is not best suited to fruit trocs in general. As n rulo you enn judgo by tho success of your neigh bors with fruit trees whnt to expect from your Own soil. Tho subject is too extcnslvo to cover in n single issue, nnd must bo loft to tho judgment of each in dividual; but don't forgot Hint moro depends on having location nnd soil suited to your purpose, than on your in dividual effort. Hut whoro nature is nt fault, often human genius ilnds n remedy. It is probnblo thnt what wo call hcivy clay soil can bo improved by undor-draining nnd propor manuring with fertilizer, so thnt it will produco tho best of fruit. Thoro is much in undor-draining, nnd nearly all orchard land will bo hotter for it. Spend .$50 nn ncro draining your land well, and you will grow your trees quicker, and they will produco earlier nnd givo you much finor fruit for your pains. Wo havo consul toil nt Fortlnnd with tho heaviest doalors in fruits, nnd with uursorymeu to learn facts of Importnnco to our renders. From dealers, wo havo a list ot fruits that command tho high ost priconnd tho readiest snlo, nnd stand transportation to a distnnco without damage. This last is important, lo caiiBO tho orchardists of Oregon dopend on marketB from a distance. Wo ship fruits from Oregon to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and as far oast ns Chicago, with n prospect that a) wo prosoouto tho growing of winter pears, thoy will bo in demand in Now York and other eastern cities. It is n fault to pi nut too many kinds. You who intond planting trees need to know tho varieties thnt command tlio readiest salo. Tho only early applo that will boar transportation is tho red astra chuu, thnt comes in August. Thero nro others, liko tho Jted Juno, early bnugh, and golden sweet, that do well for local demand, but tho astrachan is tho only ouo that is not too touder to ship, and you need only a moderato number of thoso, as tnoy will not keep long like wintoi varieties. Tho early fall apples aro tho grnvon stolu and tho Tompkins county king. Thoy como in October, nnd nro good shipper, nnd tho only ouos of thnt mouth in demand here. Lato fall apples in demand aro: Northern Spy, Baldwin and SpiUonberg. Thcso como in Novomber and Decem ber, and may keep into January. Thoy aro primo favorites in tho applo trade, and standard fruits nt thnt time. Tho winter apples most in demand, and find tho readiest sale, nro: Yollow Newtown pippin, red check pippin, Box burry russot, nnd golden russet, Rhodo Island greening, Bon Davie's wino sap, Tho Y, N. pippin needs warm soil and a good location to thrivo well. There is also tho ludy apple, a good bearer, small, but very pretty, and nico flavor; a fanoy applo for tho holiday trade. You can plant a fow of thcso with eafoty. The Bed Detroit is a choice winter ap plo, but not widoly known hert The lien Davis is another valuable applo, HOKE ABOUT FRUIT GROWING. that dealers wish to bco cultivated. Above wo havo given nil tho vnrictios needed for this section. No doubt thoro aro others worth cultivating, but, those named nro reliable, do well here, nnd can always bo sold. Many good ap ples, tho very best, porhaps, for eating, aro too tender to bear handling, and cannot bo put on tho market without bolng bruisod. To set out thcso trees is to work on a certainty, while to plant othcrj varieties is to tako chancs you cannot afford. Tho fruit-buyer wants fewer kinds, nnd more of a kind, instead of many kinds and few of each. Ho Is tho man you must Buit, because he is tho ono who pays tho monoy. It is reasonable to think ho knows his business. Tho waxen is a vnluablo npplo for cooking or for drying nono better but it is not desirable for eating. Tho 8am o is triio of tho gloria mundi. Thc?o two varieties should not bo planted for shipping. Tho American pippin and red ltoniau ito are loner keepers, but nro small and hard, and not desirable, ns thero Is littlo demand for th,cin. Tho pound penr is enormous in size, nnd not nn ontlng pear nt all, but put it in tho oven to bake, and keep it thcro until fairly dono, nnd you hnvo n lux ury equal to nny penr known. Vory fow who grow them know this fact, nnd will bo surprised when thoy try the experiment, nnd find what n troasuro has gono to waste Thoy will not bear long shipment, ns tho oxpenso is too gront for fruit that has to bo cooked. Pcnra will soon bo shipped from Oro gon eastward, becauso wo produco tho choicest fruit of that vnrioty in tho greatest excollonco, nnd most parts of tho United States ennnot grow thorn woll. Tho Dartlott is most in demand ; Olapp'B favorito comes almost with it, and is vory similar to it. Thcso como iu Soptcmbcr. Tho fall buttor, Uuorro Clnrgian, and I.ouin Ilonno do Jorsoy, como in Octobor. Tho last is small but handsomo, nnd good flavor, comes bo foro tho -fall butter, whou thoro is no other, ami ouo can plant a fow trocs to advantage. Tho other two nro standard nud rank No. 1. Tho Novombor penrs nro Bucrro d'Anjou, n very good ponr nnd fine flavor, Dutchess tl'Angnulonc, is conrso and ranks No. 2, but can bo sold. Tho Dcccmbor poars aro Duorro Eas tor, that is coarso and uncertain south of tho falls, has fungus spots. It is worn out by too long uso, ns many think. It ranks No. 2, nnd ono needs but n few of them, if nny. Tho Wintor Nellis is No. 1. nnd very desirable A russet penr of medium sio, very juicy. Vicar of Wakofield is strong, but coarso, nnd ranks No. 2, but soils tolerably well. Swan's ornngo, or Onandaga,' is a winter pear grown by jrnjor Walkor, of Spring Vnlloy, Polk county. It is well worth raising, ns tho Major has them on old trees that nro hardy, nnd boar abundantly. Thoro are other penrs, but thcso nro in demand, nnd furnish enough variety. To plant and grow thom is' to do n suro btiBinoss. Tho cherry does splendidly in Orogon nnd hns n wido market for eating and canning, l no favorite canning cuorry is tho Koyal Ann ; also for shipping, ns it is very firm, and lasts long. Tho early niurkot cherry is black tar- tarinn ; lator comes black caglo, a very fino nnd firm fruit. Latest nro Itoyal Ann and Black Republican. Tho black Bigarroau is n fnir cherry, nnd comes early. Theso nro chorricsthnt bear pack ing and shipping. Penchea nnd apricots do well in good locations, and whero you havo a shel tered hill side, sloping west and south, or a sandy rivorsido.you can grow thorn to fair advantage Tho best varieties aro for early uso. Halo's early, Aloxandro, early Crawford. I-iter comos tho Fos ter, lato Crawford, Watorloo. Tho sal way is a whito peach, largo, and fino flavor, that lasts till November, is very dosirable. Tho Morris whito is n Into cling. The lemon cling, nnd ornngo cling, nnd Cox's cling aro all good, if ono wants a cling peach. Tho apricot is not much known hero. Tho kind usually brought from Cali fornia is tho royal. It is large, comes early, nnd lasts well. Wo havo given, in tho nbovo list of fruits, a vnluablo rango of facts for fruit growing, inoyroter strictly to varie ties that have been thoroughly tested and proved of use and valuo for long shipmont, and are fruits that experienc ed dealers tell us they aro always ready to buy, becauso they bear packago and transport for long distances, and the purchaser is satisfied with them at the other end of tho lino. If you plant trees to grow fruit to ell to heavy dealers, then plant thcso with certainty. If you wish to supply your local market only, then select wliatcvor you please, and thero's no end of vari eties to chooso from. Mongolian Pheasants. Aumsville, Jnnunry 2, 1887. Editor Wilamctto Farmer t As a naturalist and a fruit culturist, I tako considerable interest in tho bird question, and thercforo hnvo carefully road your article in your last issuo, "Proiecling Gnnio Birds." Tho orticlo accords with my viows, especially on tho Mongolian pheasant; but thoro is ono point upon which you do not touch, ot the question of tho protection of gamo by law. And that is, by what rulo of right, or of public policy, do city sports men ask for, and Legislatures enact, lnws to compel tho farmer to raiao "gnrao" for theso Bhootists. For that is nil thoro is in or of nny "gamo law." Of courso, no "sportsman" will under tako to explain this problem, nny moro than n protcctivo tariff ndvocnto will undcrtnko to explain how a tariff "pro tects American labor ;" for tho simplo fact is, that It cannot bo done, nnd thnt is all thcro is to that. "Iteration and reiteration" is all tho argument that can bo brought to benr on either question. Tho Bportsman plea 1b, "wo want tho farmer to raieo gamo for us, without any cqulvclont for bo doing." That of tho tariff man is, "wo want ninctcon Inboring men to support ono capitalist, without any cquivolont for so doing; nnd I defy nny man or set of men to show otherwise. Both tarilT nud gamo InwB fall heaviest upon tho soil tiller. But n petition will bo presented to tho Legislature, a copy of which waB pub lished in tlio Farm hr Inst week, which appoars to mo will solve tho bird nnd gnmo question, provided our law-mak ers can sco it that way. To this cud it will bo well for thoso favoring this peti tion to circulato copies in thoir respec tive neighborhoods, nnd Bond in as many names as thoy can. Farmers cannot oxpect that Legislatures will en act laws for thoir interests, unless they (tho farmers) know what thoy them sclvos need, and then nsk tho Legisla ture for it properly. F. S. Mattksok. State ok Oregon, Docombor 31, 1880. To tho Honorablo Legislative Assembly of tho Stato of Oregon : Tho undersigned, citizens of tho Stato of Oregon, respectfully nsk your honor ablo body to pass nn net declaring nil tho wild birds nnd animals usually de signated as "game," to-wit: Gcoso, btcnts, ducks, snipe, woodcock, plover, sandpipers, rail, pheasants, grouse, quail (or partridgo), pigeons, elk, deer, hares, rnbbits, nnd nil 'fur bearing" animal?, nnd fish, to bo tho proporty of tho per son on whoso premises such birds nnd nnimnls nnd fish may bo found, so long ns thoy remain on such porson's prom ises. And wo ftithcr nsk that nn net bo passod to protect, at nil times nnd in nil places, tho known usoftil birds, to-wit : ltobins, orioles, larks, bluobirds, taiua gore, groebcakr, towheo, all tho thrushos, finches, wreus, warblers, swallows, and all insoctivarous birds generally. Ami wo further nsk tunc tlio sovcrnl County Courts bo cmnoworcd to issuo permits, and to rcvoko tho Bitmo, to propor persons to tako such bird?, their nests and eggs, for scientnio purposes only. And your potitionors will over pray, etc. If is bcliovcd that tho success of Scribnors Mngazin'o is uniquo in tho history of inngazinos. Tho first (Jan uary) number was published on Decem ber 15th, tho first edition being 100,000 copies. On Saturday, December 18th, a second edition of 23,000 copies appear ed, which was at onco consumed, and an additional 15,000 was put to press 110,000 copies having beon already sold. Tho deniond was so great that it was impossible to keep tho dealers supplied. On tho day of publication, 2,000 copies, woro sold upon tho nows-stnnds of tho olovatcd railroads ; nt tho nows-stnnd of ono of tho Now York hotels, nearly, 500 copios were disposed of on tho first after noon of its appearance, and several of tho dealers nt tho ferries leading from Now York sold (500 copies on tho first day. Now Hursery. Wo call tho attention to tho ad. of Mr. II. Leoch, which appears in this issue. He has a good stock on hand and will soil at favorable prices. Wo gave tho nur sery a personal inspection recently, and roust say that ho has a fino lot of trees. They aro thrifty, healthy and show that thoy have had caro and attention. Wo feel that we can safely recommend Mr. Leach to the favor of any one desiring to tret nursery trees and that he is entitled to a fair share of publio patron age write to mm lor prices ana cata logue or what is better call and see tho trees. 'w-JitSMPjEe'WPjr'-J m
