WILLAMETTE FARMER: SALEM, OREGON, JANUARY 21. 1887.
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lamed erery Weak by tht
drUXAMRTTR FARMER riTnLlftHIM. CO.
W TKUMB Of 8UB8CBUTIOH.
One year, (VotUgt pld), Inadrance ,1 2.0(1
Mx monthi, (F-oataae paid), In adraneu l.tb
UN thn eix tnonthi will be, per month 115
ADVERSISINO UATK3 1
AdrtrtltemeoUi will be lnieried, providing tn ro
ttpecUble, at the following Uble ol ratee t
One Inch of epace -r month t 2.60
Khreelncbeeof ipueper month 00
I Be-half column per month. .... 16.00
On column per month 80.00
MLSample eoplee lent free on application.
PUIPJIPnAd'crtl'er'on obtain aiWcrtlilnir ratee
uinunuu of
LORD A THOMAH. l lUnilolpIl
THIS PAPER,!
may he found oh
Vii.mat i:o. r.
itou'KfjTi at co'f
!Ve-.vapaper Advertising Hurenu (10 81'llUCR
HTIIRKT), WHKItB AD. MPUf If fin 1
may bo mmlo for It lu II li WW I Will
3IIIC fllDEB,l"nnlfl.,n' hllBdelpliU
Iig5 J '' tulng Agency of limn.
. W.AYKK SON, our nulborticd ajjcqU.
CINl'INATTIadtrtlMracncalUt 17S Vine etreot,
anil get citlmatce. Our agent are I'AIM ! HUBH.
FISHER : SAN FRANCISCO
Will quoto favorable ratee-21 MerclinU fcxcliaiigo.
No olkomarga niNE ofTlcial Is needed
by tho Stnto slnco tlio United Stntcs 1ms
takon n hand in tho bogus btittor trndo
and its officials nro tho guardians of
dairy intcrosts. Whcthor tho Stnto lost
or gained by tho ofTort nindo to koop
down immitation butter, wo cannot say.
Tho treasury is somo thousands minus,
and tho bogus btittor trndo is snid to bo
on tho incroaso. Tho probability is that
our Undo Samuel's ofllcors will do their
duly in this matter, at thoy do in other
respects, so wo suggost that tho Stnto
ot Oregon may iu woll draw out of tho
gatno. Especially ns bogus butter is
Haid to havo grown grcntly slnco wo set
a man to watch it.
OltKOO.V HWAMI' I.ANHH lllV0 bcoil
wftHtcd and squandered by rockloss leg
islation and it comos a little late to en
deavor to hiivo tho States rlghtH now,
but it will bo n good movo to search and
unearth tho frauds that nro supposed to
havo boon perpotrntcd, and compel tho
land grnbbora to disgorgo illegal claims.
It is asserted that thoy havo included as
swamp lauds much that is capable of
Kcttlomont as it is. Wo do not under
stand that such lands belong to tho
Stnto. Thoro Hhould bo thorough work,
Jlrat, to dcoido whnt nro legally swamp
lands ; and next to sccuro thorn to tho
Stnto. Tho peoplo nro sick of tho swin
dling gnmos report oil, and wish tho pub
lio domain reserved for legitimate uses.
No doubt thoro nro many honest claims
of thoso who intend to use Bwnmp lands
for n legitlinato purposo, but whole-hog
tpoculntors, liko Hon Owen, Hhould bo
hold iu check by ovory legal menus and
nindo to comply with tho lnw,orgivoup
thoir immensn holdings.
Tub cask of Anthony W. I'rossloy is
dosorvlng of especial notlco and tho leg
islature can cattily sco if it litis merits.
Over fifteen years ago ho bought n qunr
tor section of Stnto laud of T, II. Oauii,
clorkot thoSohool Lund's Commissioner
and receivod a warranty deod. Tho
kiiiiiq oflloer soon nftor sold tho smiio
land to others, nnd Frossloy hud to do
fond 1i!h title at a cost of over $1,500.
Ho lost his papers nnd can only Itemize
$1,080 ot his claim nnd that ho Hwonrs
to. Mr. Pressloy is an old friend, and
wo study his case with interest. Cer
tainly tho State's agent wan to blamo,
and tho Stato should not lot any citizon
Miller such loss from its own error. Mr.
Pivssloy BiilTorcd this loss ninny years
ago nnd tho interest now twico equals
tho principal. Ho had nil tho worry
and loss of tlmo that accompanies legal
troubled, and now claims only his own
again. A reprosontntlvo of tho Stato
Hhould look at this matter fairly uud do
exactly what is right, mid it is not right
that nny citizen should loose so much
money in suclt n way aim have no
dress.
ro-
THE AQRICULTURAI C0LLE0.E--110W IT CAN
BENEFIT THE STATE.
One of tho most enterprising and
successful men in our State, who is
greatly interested in farming and Htock
raising, a few days ago suggtted to us
to take a special interest iu tho Stnto
Agricultural College, with a view to
!'" ' aid from our Stato ns
Mid managers
""al e per
ivcr
but it must havo money to cngago talont
nnd to enrry on experiments and mnko
investigations.
It somo States this class of institu
tions nro prepared to moko analysis of
soils, which is of tho utmost importance.
A man purchases land nnd doesn't know
whnt uso it is adapted for. If wo could
havo roliablo tests made, ho would
know tho best uses for his land. The
collogo should bo prepared to furnish
tho fnrmcr n reliable statement of tho
ingredients of Ih'b soils, for oun man
may havo different soils in n farm that
borders n river nnd reaches into tho
hills.
To bo prepnrod for usefulness tho
College Bhould havo nt least a hundred
acrcn of land for its own experimental
work. Its land might bo nlong a river
nnd oxtond back to tho hills, or It could
havo different plocos of land, to includo
tho various soIIb peculiar to our Stnto.
Even then it could not havo nt com
mand ovory Boil that Is likoly to need
analysis, but could experiment nnd
study tho qualitios of all soils, nnd bo
propnrcd to express nu opinion as to tho
valuo of the land for tho purpose an in
tending purchaser might desiro for it.
Wo louvo tho subject for thoso inter
ested to work on, nnd hopo somo action
will bo tnken nt this sossion towards
realizing such results ns wo suggost.
Tho bitflinnss of Agriculturo is of pnmo
importnnco. Tho Collcgo nt Corvnllis
should bo mado to foster its great object
nnd thn Stnto is abundantly nblo to
equip it for successful work.
A BKUIT ORQWIVQ COUNTY.
Tho Snn Joso Daily Mercury for Jnn
unry 1, contains) n lint of tho fruit grow
ors in Santa Clnra county, California,
that is a wonderful exhibit of tho resour
ces of Hint county from that branch of
husbandry. It gives tho names of fif
tcon hundred fruit-growers. Wo look n
column nt random, nnd counted half
way through it to find 50,000 fruit
trees growing, nnd over n thousand
ncrcs in grnpo vines, actually by count
ing up 1,200 ncrcs.
Supposing tho wholo 18 columns to
contain as much, thcro would bo 1,800,
000 fruit trees, and 2,100 ncrcs of vinos.
At 180 trees to tho aero, thoro would bo
10,000 acres in trcos, nnd 2,-100 in vines
makes 12,100 ncrcs to fruit in that ouo
county. Yet that county is not hotter
adapted to fruit than many districts of
Orogon. This county of Santa Clara
bus immonso wealth in its fruit produc
tion, nnd Oregon can, nnd somotimo
will, do likewise.
TlIK 8TATK AailltiULTUItAI. SOCIETY
enmooutof tho tost last fall with Hying
colors nnd with full coiTors, nil becaueo
tho Stnto lost its nnuio to dispel all local
features nnd prejudice, nnd moro yet,
lout its mouoy nid to float its finances.
Only for this help nnd encouragement
tho Annual Fair would havo boon like
itsrecont predecessors n financial fail
tiro. Tho experiment proved n success
becauso tho Fair was moro popular
than of old, nnd tho Stato's subsidy
pulled it thiough in good shnpo. Wo
noed it Stato Society and tho fair
must bo held. With tho anmo aid ex
tended n fow years, until times rovivo
and farmers' finances improve, wo can
then go nlono nnd keep tho society clonr
of debt. Tho Stnto can nflbrd to givo
Its annual $5,000, until tho debts nro
paid nnd tho Fair Grounds in good
shape with all buildings of n pormniient
character. Then wo can try to "go it
nlono."
TiiKiit: is a disposition to legislate on
railroad charges and a freight tarilT is
suggested to regulate that line of busi
ness. It is said that this bill will only
effect tho O. It. & X. Co., becauso other
rouda do not charge as high rates. Wo
hear a great ileal about monopoly
charges iu California, but it seems that
California railroads do not nearly charge
tho rates paid in Oregon. It may be
true that there is more business douo on
tlio roans in ujiuiioriuii, ana tnat our
roads cannot ntlbrs to carry nt the rates
pnid there. Much depends on the con
ditions of a country, population, and
business dene; taking these fuels into
considerations the legislataro should pro
tect consumers nnd producers alike
from unreasonable charges. Tho con
struction ot transportation hues is of
mut importance, but they should not bo
"ted to charge unreasonable rates.
vo business to pay tho roads,
't thorn to sink monoy
"aid in older states.
?, this ouo has
has been
i, and tho
nionizo,
utics,
Wo havo written rather freely
on tho subject of fruit growing since
fall began, and havo tho satisfaction to
know that experienced orchardists np
prcciato what ilia Farmer has said as
roliablo information, collected from tho
most roliablo sources. Wo havo given
tho best experience to bo had and havo
oarncstly tried to incito among farmers
nn interest in orchard work ns tho most
profltnblo sourco of iucomo from tho
soil. Wo nro coming now to spring
time, nnd thoso who intend to plant
trees should bo ready to do so, thorofore
wo Bhnll roviow tho Bnbjcct, briefly,
giving important points for tho gtiid
anco of thoso who nro interested in fruit
culture
Thoro !b no belter location for nn or-
chnrd than n sandy loam nlong n river
or strcnm, whero thn wator docs not
reach, or whero it stands but n day or
two nt highest overflow. Such n loca
tion nnd soil is spccinlly adapted to
poaches nnd npricotn, nnd prunes, espec
inlly tho Itnlinn prune, Hint requires
warm nnu quick soil, anil refuses
to livo nnd thrivo on a henvy clay, or
with clay Biib-soil near tho surface. Wo
nro assured that chcrrios do well on a
Bandy bluff or bench near n river. Prob
ably nil orchard trocs do ns well there.
Tho ponr grows whero somo other
fruits will not succeed, but grows best
on tho best soil nnd most fnvornblo lo
cations. Tho red hills, undorlaid with
n Btrntn of mart, offer good soil for or
charding, but tho Waldo Hills nro not
in ovory part suited to Italian prunes
nnd Yellow1 Now town apples. Tho np
plication then is, chooso for your or
chard n location with wnrm soil and
sub-eoil, If you havo such.
Olayoy pralrio land is not best suited
to fruit trocs in general. As n rulo you
enn judgo by tho success of your neigh
bors with fruit trees whnt to expect
from your Own soil. Tho subject is too
extcnslvo to cover in n single issue, nnd
must bo loft to tho judgment of each in
dividual; but don't forgot Hint moro
depends on having location nnd soil
suited to your purpose, than on your in
dividual effort.
Hut whoro nature is nt fault, often
human genius ilnds n remedy. It is
probnblo thnt what wo call hcivy clay
soil can bo improved by undor-draining
nnd propor manuring with fertilizer, so
thnt it will produco tho best of fruit.
Thoro is much in undor-draining, nnd
nearly all orchard land will bo hotter for
it. Spend .$50 nn ncro draining your
land well, and you will grow your trees
quicker, and they will produco earlier
nnd givo you much finor fruit for your
pains.
Wo havo consul toil nt Fortlnnd with
tho heaviest doalors in fruits, nnd with
uursorymeu to learn facts of Importnnco
to our renders. From dealers, wo havo
a list ot fruits that command tho high
ost priconnd tho readiest snlo, nnd stand
transportation to a distnnco without
damage. This last is important, lo
caiiBO tho orchardists of Oregon dopend
on marketB from a distance. Wo ship
fruits from Oregon to Idaho, Montana,
Wyoming, Colorado, and as far oast ns
Chicago, with n prospect that a) wo
prosoouto tho growing of winter pears,
thoy will bo in demand in Now York
and other eastern cities.
It is n fault to pi nut too many kinds.
You who intond planting trees need to
know tho varieties thnt command tlio
readiest salo. Tho only early applo that
will boar transportation is tho red astra
chuu, thnt comes in August. Thero nro
others, liko tho Jted Juno, early bnugh,
and golden sweet, that do well for local
demand, but tho astrachan is tho only
ouo that is not too touder to ship, and
you need only a moderato number of
thoso, as tnoy will not keep long like
wintoi varieties.
Tho early fall apples aro tho grnvon
stolu and tho Tompkins county king.
Thoy como in October, nnd nro good
shipper, nnd tho only ouos of thnt
mouth in demand here.
Lato fall apples in demand aro:
Northern Spy, Baldwin and SpiUonberg.
Thcso como in Novomber and Decem
ber, and may keep into January. Thoy
aro primo favorites in tho applo trade, and
standard fruits nt thnt time.
Tho winter apples most in demand,
and find tho readiest sale, nro: Yollow
Newtown pippin, red check pippin, Box
burry russot, nnd golden russet, Rhodo
Island greening, Bon Davie's wino sap,
Tho Y, N. pippin needs warm soil and a
good location to thrivo well. There is
also tho ludy apple, a good bearer, small,
but very pretty, and nico flavor; a
fanoy applo for tho holiday trade. You
can plant a fow of thcso with eafoty.
The Bed Detroit is a choice winter ap
plo, but not widoly known hert The
lien Davis is another valuable applo,
HOKE ABOUT FRUIT GROWING.
that dealers wish to bco cultivated.
Above wo havo given nil tho vnrictios
needed for this section. No doubt thoro
aro others worth cultivating, but, those
named nro reliable, do well here, nnd
can always bo sold. Many good ap
ples, tho very best, porhaps, for eating,
aro too tender to bear handling, and
cannot bo put on tho market without
bolng bruisod.
To set out thcso trees is to work on a
certainty, while to plant othcrj varieties
is to tako chancs you cannot afford.
Tho fruit-buyer wants fewer kinds, nnd
more of a kind, instead of many kinds
and few of each. Ho Is tho man you
must Buit, because he is tho ono who
pays tho monoy. It is reasonable to
think ho knows his business.
Tho waxen is a vnluablo npplo for
cooking or for drying nono better
but it is not desirable for eating. Tho
8am o is triio of tho gloria mundi. Thc?o
two varieties should not bo planted for
shipping.
Tho American pippin and red ltoniau
ito are loner keepers, but nro small and
hard, and not desirable, ns thero Is littlo
demand for th,cin.
Tho pound penr is enormous in size,
nnd not nn ontlng pear nt all, but put it
in tho oven to bake, and keep it thcro
until fairly dono, nnd you hnvo n lux
ury equal to nny penr known. Vory
fow who grow them know this fact, nnd
will bo surprised when thoy try the
experiment, nnd find what n troasuro
has gono to waste Thoy will not bear
long shipment, ns tho oxpenso is too
gront for fruit that has to bo cooked.
Pcnra will soon bo shipped from Oro
gon eastward, becauso wo produco tho
choicest fruit of that vnrioty in tho
greatest excollonco, nnd most parts of
tho United States ennnot grow thorn
woll. Tho Dartlott is most in demand ;
Olapp'B favorito comes almost with it,
and is vory similar to it. Thcso como
iu Soptcmbcr. Tho fall buttor, Uuorro
Clnrgian, and I.ouin Ilonno do Jorsoy,
como in Octobor. Tho last is small but
handsomo, nnd good flavor, comes bo
foro tho -fall butter, whou thoro is no
other, ami ouo can plant a fow trocs to
advantage. Tho other two nro standard
nud rank No. 1.
Tho Novombor penrs nro Bucrro
d'Anjou, n very good ponr nnd fine
flavor, Dutchess tl'Angnulonc, is conrso
and ranks No. 2, but can bo sold.
Tho Dcccmbor poars aro Duorro Eas
tor, that is coarso and uncertain south
of tho falls, has fungus spots. It is
worn out by too long uso, ns many
think. It ranks No. 2, nnd ono needs
but n few of them, if nny.
Tho Wintor Nellis is No. 1. nnd very
desirable A russet penr of medium sio,
very juicy. Vicar of Wakofield is
strong, but coarso, nnd ranks No. 2, but
soils tolerably well.
Swan's ornngo, or Onandaga,' is a
winter pear grown by jrnjor Walkor,
of Spring Vnlloy, Polk county. It is
well worth raising, ns tho Major has
them on old trees that nro hardy, nnd
boar abundantly.
Thoro are other penrs, but thcso nro in
demand, nnd furnish enough variety.
To plant and grow thom is' to do n suro
btiBinoss.
Tho cherry does splendidly in Orogon
nnd hns n wido market for eating and
canning, l no favorite canning cuorry
is tho Koyal Ann ; also for shipping, ns
it is very firm, and lasts long.
Tho early niurkot cherry is black tar-
tarinn ; lator comes black caglo, a very
fino nnd firm fruit. Latest nro Itoyal
Ann and Black Republican. Tho black
Bigarroau is n fnir cherry, nnd comes
early. Theso nro chorricsthnt bear pack
ing and shipping.
Penchea nnd apricots do well in good
locations, and whero you havo a shel
tered hill side, sloping west and south,
or a sandy rivorsido.you can grow thorn
to fair advantage Tho best varieties aro
for early uso. Halo's early, Aloxandro,
early Crawford. I-iter comos tho Fos
ter, lato Crawford, Watorloo. Tho sal
way is a whito peach, largo, and fino
flavor, that lasts till November, is very
dosirable. Tho Morris whito is n Into
cling. The lemon cling, nnd ornngo
cling, nnd Cox's cling aro all good, if
ono wants a cling peach.
Tho apricot is not much known hero.
Tho kind usually brought from Cali
fornia is tho royal. It is large, comes
early, nnd lasts well.
Wo havo given, in tho nbovo list of
fruits, a vnluablo rango of facts for fruit
growing, inoyroter strictly to varie
ties that have been thoroughly tested
and proved of use and valuo for long
shipmont, and are fruits that experienc
ed dealers tell us they aro always ready
to buy, becauso they bear packago and
transport for long distances, and the
purchaser is satisfied with them at the
other end of tho lino.
If you plant trees to grow fruit to ell
to heavy dealers, then plant thcso with
certainty. If you wish to supply your
local market only, then select wliatcvor
you please, and thero's no end of vari
eties to chooso from.
Mongolian Pheasants.
Aumsville, Jnnunry 2, 1887.
Editor Wilamctto Farmer t
As a naturalist and a fruit culturist,
I tako considerable interest in tho bird
question, and thercforo hnvo carefully
road your article in your last issuo,
"Proiecling Gnnio Birds." Tho orticlo
accords with my viows, especially on tho
Mongolian pheasant; but thoro is ono
point upon which you do not touch, ot
the question of tho protection of gamo
by law. And that is, by what rulo of
right, or of public policy, do city sports
men ask for, and Legislatures enact,
lnws to compel tho farmer to raiao
"gnrao" for theso Bhootists. For that is
nil thoro is in or of nny "gamo law."
Of courso, no "sportsman" will under
tako to explain this problem, nny moro
than n protcctivo tariff ndvocnto will
undcrtnko to explain how a tariff "pro
tects American labor ;" for tho simplo
fact is, that It cannot bo done, nnd thnt
is all thcro is to that. "Iteration and
reiteration" is all tho argument that can
bo brought to benr on either question.
Tho Bportsman plea 1b, "wo want tho
farmer to raieo gamo for us, without
any cqulvclont for bo doing." That of
tho tariff man is, "wo want ninctcon
Inboring men to support ono capitalist,
without any cquivolont for so doing;
nnd I defy nny man or set of men to
show otherwise. Both tarilT nud gamo
InwB fall heaviest upon tho soil tiller.
But n petition will bo presented to tho
Legislature, a copy of which waB pub
lished in tlio Farm hr Inst week, which
appoars to mo will solve tho bird nnd
gnmo question, provided our law-mak
ers can sco it that way. To this cud it
will bo well for thoso favoring this peti
tion to circulato copies in thoir respec
tive neighborhoods, nnd Bond in as
many names as thoy can. Farmers
cannot oxpect that Legislatures will en
act laws for thoir interests, unless they
(tho farmers) know what thoy them
sclvos need, and then nsk tho Legisla
ture for it properly.
F. S. Mattksok.
State ok Oregon,
Docombor 31, 1880.
To tho Honorablo Legislative Assembly
of tho Stato of Oregon :
Tho undersigned, citizens of tho Stato
of Oregon, respectfully nsk your honor
ablo body to pass nn net declaring nil
tho wild birds nnd animals usually de
signated as "game," to-wit: Gcoso,
btcnts, ducks, snipe, woodcock, plover,
sandpipers, rail, pheasants, grouse, quail
(or partridgo), pigeons, elk, deer, hares,
rnbbits, nnd nil 'fur bearing" animal?,
nnd fish, to bo tho proporty of tho per
son on whoso premises such birds nnd
nnimnls nnd fish may bo found, so long
ns thoy remain on such porson's prom
ises.
And wo ftithcr nsk that nn net bo
passod to protect, at nil times nnd in nil
places, tho known usoftil birds, to-wit :
ltobins, orioles, larks, bluobirds, taiua
gore, groebcakr, towheo, all tho thrushos,
finches, wreus, warblers, swallows, and
all insoctivarous birds generally.
Ami wo further nsk tunc tlio sovcrnl
County Courts bo cmnoworcd to issuo
permits, and to rcvoko tho Bitmo, to
propor persons to tako such bird?, their
nests and eggs, for scientnio purposes
only. And your potitionors will over
pray, etc.
If is bcliovcd that tho success of
Scribnors Mngazin'o is uniquo in tho
history of inngazinos. Tho first (Jan
uary) number was published on Decem
ber 15th, tho first edition being 100,000
copies. On Saturday, December 18th,
a second edition of 23,000 copies appear
ed, which was at onco consumed, and
an additional 15,000 was put to press
110,000 copies having beon already sold.
Tho deniond was so great that it was
impossible to keep tho dealers supplied.
On tho day of publication, 2,000 copies,
woro sold upon tho nows-stnnds of tho
olovatcd railroads ; nt tho nows-stnnd of
ono of tho Now York hotels, nearly, 500
copios were disposed of on tho first after
noon of its appearance, and several of
tho dealers nt tho ferries leading from
Now York sold (500 copies on tho first
day.
Now Hursery.
Wo call tho attention to tho ad. of Mr.
II. Leoch, which appears in this issue.
He has a good stock on hand and will soil
at favorable prices. Wo gave tho nur
sery a personal inspection recently, and
roust say that ho has a fino lot of trees.
They aro thrifty, healthy and show that
thoy have had caro and attention. Wo
feel that we can safely recommend Mr.
Leach to the favor of any one desiring
to tret nursery trees and that he is
entitled to a fair share of publio patron
age write to mm lor prices ana cata
logue or what is better call and see
tho trees.
'w-JitSMPjEe'WPjr'-J
m