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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 18, 1884)
WUfAMETTE H-AEMEB: SALEM, OREGON, JANUARY 18, 1884 I I I h ' i ! uv .H. i imaed every Wck by the WULAMr.TTK tt'Uiltl.K I'l iti ihiiim; CO. TKKMS OF SUJ.hURiniO.N. Ona year, (Postair-paid) In adtancc I 2 00 Itx mouths. (Tostatro ptul), In atlrantu ., 1.21 iH! thin six months will be, per month 21 ADVHKMSINO RATM : Advertlsomsnts will be Inserted, providing tn arc HtM. it the fol lowing tablo of raus : Oilns of splice per month 9 2 60 terse lufiiis of spaco per month fi 00 fno h-elf column per month 3600 0J column per month ..... SO 0C t?$.tupln roptm Rent frco on application rabllcalloti OHIce- J.O. 6 Wasniijjtoa Street, t'p lairs, room) No fianil T HSNSr VILLARD. being frosted over with enow aa icicle inoro is a gtcat ttcai to saciy in u i jfr. Henrv Villnrd waslately a puttee before Ave open tlio bookMany of tlx ,ng financiers and to nil appearances advertisements nre gotten tip riolily (r t i,,i a position that was invincible Notice to Siiliscriliers. Orrtcrer Wiilami-ttf T 'iiMm, 1 1 o'iriiary in, 16S3 To oca ItFADFRs t We publish onl a anflflnt number if the Fabmbii to supply actual prrpiM subscriber an 1 wo cannot sup ply back numbers. If it Is debircd h) subscribers 1 1 set tiro all allies the) taint arrange to send In their rntcuais In ample time to reach tnii olfiio before expiration iVMl jiiWrib- ,in tell l tlm printed taonTMl Cjrtncir papir ii-mliy wncn tntir unit win t j lie . Another Important point: AM, COMMUNICATIONS AXD LETTKUS SHOULD UK AUIlItUFSI D TO HIU "Mil i.aii i.iii: i A it in it ," this especial numbcrnttd the book con tains Christmas tyul other stories not usual to it. OiiCiiiiig.tho hurnber we find pigo nflcMage. of interesting and charming nutter and illustrations. The loiicsnre by favorite authors, ono being by "Hob" Xlttrdctto of the Ilawkoyc. Tlio Miller is ically a fine publication and give- it monthly icviow of tho mil ling business to which it is devoted. All whoaie interested in tint busino-s, if they lmc not nheiely done so, fihould t.iKo and rend tlio Northwestern Miller. all PArFns ni&coxTiNrKii at the km HON OF Tllfc TlMK PAID 1-01!. erANYONK Ri:CKI INCi A UOl'Y OP THIS PA'lT.R WILL COKSlUJ.It IT AX INVITATION TO KUHSCMl!!:. IMPORTANT NOTICE. Dont Scud Money (o us through Agents. "Willi tho piosent low l.ilo at which Fosrw, Non.s'can be ptitchascd on any money older ollice wc must in-dst upon our subscribes buying them and temit ting to us diiecl. It wins that agents l.ilte llio money anil elinige us for the fee, and all the way fiom 10 cents to 2.1 cents addition il. This is not liglit and we shall hei'eiiftci eicdil tin- subciiboi for just what money we ut'cive. Our only agents aio J, II. McChmg, Eugene "Miller Hios., Pottland; J". L. Kinton, Al bany; Win. Ojnii-, Scio; and Jno. W. Tlolnnd, .lelfc'ison. All of whom do il for nothing, AVe nlo hnc a Mr. Shnlp, who is in AVitshingtou Tonitorj it( pies cut, who has authoiity to i-olieit. This Older will in novvi-o intoifeie with those who got up ncighboi hood club? ami who are indivdually and pcisonally known. The immigration overland continues to bo sternly and nuny settlers aro locat ing' claims nil through the country. Tho winlei is so mild tlut people cm J! nd thoir way about in conifoit and eas ily locate themselves. Nc.uh all of Xoilhcrn AViwco tonuty is t. l , up and hundicds of new farms i bung opened. The Mime is tine oi all the Upper Country and alwi thioiigb We tetn Wi'ishington and Oicgon, W may look fin a heavy iinmigi.ition in the --piing .mil a good eiop nc.t Mimmei Mill encouiag Hottlem lit initio l.ipidly ih.ni oei Tin: itUHiii. mildiuiMiii the w infer is favorablo for wheat la his and woid comes fiom all quintet tint fall sown yiaiii looks well and giow nijndly. The mild weather encouraged fiuil hudn to swell and may caiinc d.imnge again by iiidiieing pieiu.iluie fiuiting, as w.ts he cao la-t year. So far as looks e.tn -.iy thi on hards promise gieat ptiulue iion nud wilhtjiit muiio litHhaps tbete villboa big ,ield Tin- n. to bn the Jiioto dewiicd bceau-o we luw.sueh .in nleitNive nmikot fot nil wu can 1.11-e in the notthein eountiy between lino and Si 1'aiil. and, indeed, at t l'utl ili-olf. CoNcniMNll Till whr.lt liliukit il i not easy to say nun h. noiu nning it. fu tmc iiuiUcib look W't,. uiu'uitiun Out xpottcifi li.no theii niiiidh very muiotih over their hhipmuit iit oil' Miao hai voet tib theii eoiiesixtndents demand heavy ni.tigiiih'foi currjing them, being feaiftil that iniees will drop and lenvo Oipiu loinrs. That bomg theconditfon f o.portei-s it is evident lh.it niutterh .110 vny uneoilain as to wheat prospects. The btocks on hand in llniope, and ido In Anieiic.i, iii-e lmger than uiial. If them is any delicioney or oven a rhortm t- of oiipply it hiiould appeal r-oon. but the indications uio not in that dlrution o far our wheat giowoin have had the boM pi ice they could ovpect and opvitoih tiny larger than tht, could ically ulhnd V do not cxHvt any d ided improve niont U'foi-o 1-Vbniaiy and. are not m MUiguiun ns wohavv Inch that it will come then. Om: or tho most uu'upio publieatioiw wo bavo evev foon i the holiday nwmbti of the Northwestern MHUrJ published tit Minneapolis. TJiU i's a claoi pni"r tie voted to tho milling huslnu, o wo did not expect lotltul it, what illn, thoirally jiiot UMUtlful nml appropiinto CluM miw publicntion we jUato reccivi-d. The titln pjgo la a lYpiMttiaUon ofiinifir .cencs (ho vagjp.vv Wi. jii.t a good friend of the FvnMF.u tho other day, who said people were mi-ieproenting our jioiition among his neighbors. When ho tried to get up a club among them they said they heard the: r.uiMMt was in favor of monopoly and oppo-pd to taxing mortgages. Ho ashurcd thrni he l.aJ read litis piper foi many years and endon-ed our position on most subjects fully, that we had alwnyn itdvoctilxil National and State ..,...(...1 f ...:i i i ...l ,i. 'IUA iiuiitmiis lUKi ujipo-i'tt 111(3 way land grants were made and that wo favoml tnving money ah much as other propei tv wii" taxed Our friend was cn tiielv comet in hi- bttttenients. AVe aro as bittoilv opposed to raihoad monop oly and undue taxation bv coroiations us is jHissible and if we hud the framing of the law no eorpointion would ever handle an aeio of the jtublic lauds. As fo money being laved we believo tho stiicte-t law should govern aws-ors to get a ptopet tttuin of money and its ujtic-cntalivcs nud sevcic pcmltioh be enfoieed on all who tiv to evade the law. There is nothing new m this foi the files of tho I'UiMKit will show that we have always stood light there. AVe cv pressed our viows on land giants years ago when Mi. Mitchell w.h in-the Senate. Tin: Cecun d'Alfm: mines seem to piontise very gw.it micccrs to thoo who may bo foitunitte, though mining does not lcwartl the gieater number of tho-o who attempt il Tliete seems no doubt that the mines ate evtensivo and rich. Lvery mining region has its own.pccul iai formation fiood mincin have been ibrough thoro mountains prospecting, but lio indications did not conesponil. with what thoy weie used to so they diet not attempt oven to pto-peot. It is now found that gold, r-iber, and lead all, exist in the same quartz lead, and tho placer mines aro rich in gold. The mining toi litory is veiy e.vtetiMve ami wilt afl'ord woik for thousand's of men. In tho epiing theio will bo a great lush thithei, but in my who go will be ilNnppointcd. The man who has goexl occupation can not iilliitd to leave it to go to any mines qui -hould ht.iy ttl home and attend to his icgulai busine-s. In tho early times we know many who went to the milieu went there nuir-elf and only a very few eei got even on it. o havo cell mini tomob.uk (o (licit faints that had bien tented foi a tetiit of yp,tl- -to iiud ewiything gone to sneck and them m'Ims )oourbv (hout-ands than when thoy went to the uiino-..- Let (ho-o who have nothing eUo to do go to tho t'o'iir d Mono untie-, oi to anv othn minev A r mil indibtpil to some of our eon-teni)iatie-for very nice notices of the Wii i on ni Paismi ii. Thev aecotd ti the eicdit of working for tho fanners of the i omit rv .faithf ull , of untie lst.iuding their needs and -upplviiig the journal tho I'liiuttiv ltecil-.. We ctttainly have this tbjeet al hctit and do all that is potx-ililc (o forwaid the welfaic f pro ilttcei-. The PvitMl it was Waited jttit lilteen ycatr. ago and has most of that tunc been unih r the ptv-ent ni.innge. mi nt. ling neipitiintanec ,. with the country and familiarity with it- method and iiip.ibilitio-. enable iih to do justice to tho oauo wo rene and wc hojic to merit the commendation the Yakima Signal nud otht f friendly newp i-xti-ai eotd u- It i- no trivial matter to make a join mil Milted to a gnat tegioiiV agriculture, but wo do tho tttwor.m and de pond greatly on the as-i-tnniv of otht i join mil. 'I ho Curt t--tu wc rt- leivcdof tho Yakima Signal, called out file as-etloii that it wits edited with tt UMul ability nud fttrnislnvl mueh infi nt.ittoli i.miotiiuig tint lcgmn, nud it dito- htill. Yakima cotiittv is fot tute in having ably conducted journals Take iho I'acilio Northwest at hn-gc and it will i-how one httndresl hx-al joutniK ilinnigb it length and breadth tlint cm not U' expelled in any similar region It iiewpuKr-. eoinr-poinl with 't- gcti cinl progress mid development .unl .no it good average. .ig.iin-t any who might choose to bo his cnciiiic'-. He came here, n few months ago, as a princt ly host outrttniiiing men of American and Kufipem celebrity. Ho was pioud, uvitlently that ho had accomjdished so great a woik ns the railroad that connects Portland, Oregon, and I'ugct Sound, with tho great lakes and tho Atlanti" ocean. It was justifia ble pride and lie exercised it in no arbi trary orimpropur spirit. Thofow weeks that have pawed since then have been eventful and one result has been to pull down tho fame of A'lll.irtl and scatter hi-prido and his millions to tho winds. No such tremendous eytll tpo has ever eiccurud in American finance, it oven surpasses tho wild panic of 187.1, caused by tlio Northern Pacifts collapse when tho failure of Jay Cooko it Co , aston- i-hed tho financial v.orM. T.I,. Villard by his succcs-, hnd ciotted confidence in himself, that ho ovidently sh.ued. Ho believed all hi entctprises tleserved suc cess and confidently expected to realize it. Ho advised his friends to investwith him and when tho crisis camo ho sank a million dollars to save others from the common ruin. The world never saw a fortune built up so lapidly to melt away so suddenly. The man who three months ago stood unquestioned as the head of six groat corporations that con trolled ncaily two hundred millions of capital, now sets dethroned and btokon spirited, prostrate in purse, in mind and in body. As he looks around he sees his friends bewailing their los-os by millions. The allies of hi- cntcrnrUes in Pot tlonil have nnk ovei.il millions of (lollms. AVhero he was known and he liovcel in, through New England, hun dreds ate almost beggcted by their los-cs in what wcto known as ''Yillarel htetck-," and ruin actually stales many in the face. They placed their feiilunes on "margins," those margins aio swept away, the stocks are sold to make the broker good, and their tens of thousands have melted This general tuiii and elisastcr, extending across a continent fiom ocean to ocean, has prostrated thousands anil crippled the trade of a great region. .There aic consequences, too, that oiled many because this collnp-o tompoiiirily stojis a great deal of work and throws thotuanels out of employment. There are many in Oitgon who inditectly sufler as a ic-ultoltlie gic.it downfall in A illard stocks. All thi- Mr. Villmd see and grieves ovei. He was no doubt lione--t and sin ccte in his confidence; all tho tumble is that he i- a few ve.ii- in advance of the time. If he could have caitied his afl'dith along without loss of eonfidonce ho would have rettlied all he oxpeietod. Now that he i depo-ed and probably mined in. foi tit no, we cm allbrd to elo him ju-tice. AVe believe he was thoi- onililv hrme-t. from his .-t.iiiilrinint. nml -;.' ' i lu-f conduct while in nowei showed him to be libeial and de-iiotts of being just. He MK'iificed himself for- hi- friends in the last client .unl fetr that the world tcspect-him I (chid unbounded faith in Otegon and the Pacific far West and hitft elono -i) much for our section that woean ill alibi d to unnecessarily blame him. He gave us miltond connection with lite l..ist and only for him there is no telling when it could have U-on ac complished. If we compare his life and character with that of any othoi raihoad magnate wo find that he was broidei in mind and had moio sympathy with mankind. AVe fully believe that our State lost a good friend when he lost powei, and hope that he will eollect enough from the wreck of hi foi tune to make linn an independence (.ambling in Wall stteet is as evil as any othn gambling and far inoro ruinous. The truth is that our railroad building i only gambling on a large scale and the man who U engaged in it according to the inethtvds of Wall htieet, intti be honest from Ins standpoint, but it t- not .in hon est standpoint. I!ailroul aio built on i icdlt and the whole ertilit -v-tcitt is evil, anil mat conununilv. STOCK RAISING AND DRAIN" FARMINt. An Intercstlns tetter on the Wool Industry or Eajt-rn oicgon How to Combine , Wool an! Drain Qrowine iX ir- . si. -X1' ... T!.. Ill- - N THE WOOL TARIFF viol gnves i olive litKiii tJli liiet Halles ill Oi tuber jt t eibt it i- liUlon in which it ileinaiideel ol ttrCou uiemen tlt.it they should u-e their ellbrts to tv-tmv the tm ill' on wovd. Ml. -slater iinvers through the Standard and quotes slati-ttts lo piove that when xx h. been h!ghe-t the dlitits have lvn Jlovwst. Ho pisttlvcly dc lines tttitttempt what he calls "the folly" of uying to keep" up high ilu ties. Ho cii. the i. i nne imi't l cut dowu arid wool gxiw AVr il vv i rvei neil ftvun SenuUii Sinter ti pae'k igo of seed as distrihutisl by the lXipnitnipi.t of Agriculture. TJiey'i omj e r cnn-k m citvption in the ojkt.i pti-e Kmly lllood turhip, S.ilaniaiitU'r, lion of just pnneipie-u . All wo have to lettuce, Anu-iicju. Savoy leavidspinnaehsav ih that Mi. Sl.iteri actingteoii'-ist-.feiscy .Mountain spruut v,iter molon. etyly with his xiewmi- n free, tnidliein iiiul the red, npjx'klesl valentine benti, atnit tuul utaiu,- hi-iio-itioii,vvith AVe tender S-iutor Sinter mtr thanks for! nbilitv..but iln.-o who favor iwtiviion ilie-amo, t . I will not 1k apt to agrrc with hint Jill . i : ' - l.a-t of tho Cascades it U .1 Merino wool grovvitig country so c.xtcn-ive that ET-tern Oie'gon, though a largo country is not peihaps one-third of il. Yet the best south of the California line for giovving wool cheaply and with little risk. Yet elifleteut distticts diffei in that lespect, and in none would I advi-e lo depend entirely on gr.i7ing alone to e.irty sheep thiough all winters. There are "ome who do so nnel with gieat success so far. I made tho aequaintanco of a gentleman of over sixty years who went into the ea-tcrn poition of AVnco coun ty about 50 miles south of the Columbia river, seven years ago with 1,"00 head of sheep. Throe of his sons went with him or followed him; the family now own 7,500 sheep and thoy don't attempt (o put up food for anv thing but their saeldlo hoises' lJuring lite very h veto weather of three' v ears ago the fathets counsel to the sons was- "Now is your time to rustle, scatter v our sheep along the sleep breaks of tho canyons. The coyotes will kill some every dty, but that is nothing to what vou will lose if you kcop on hetding them." 'Ibis was done, and they got through with a small jtto portionato loss. Tho location they live in is most favorable to this method anel i suppose was chosen for that rea-on. A'ery different from tho foregoing i the method of David II. Smith, fot inetly of Marion county, now near Fossil, in Wasco county. Early in 1S77 he went into that country with '20') head of sheep from tho AVillamette. Ninety -five of which wcto stout bodied, oat -e wooled owes. During that summer, in addition to tending hi- little flock, be puichacd by hi ltbot fifty head ef yen lings and tivnyeai-old ewc, making his bicedets lt."i in number. The lamb ctop of 1S78 neatly doubled his Hock. Ut has -inee sold COO besieles taking all the mutton he has used at his house and sheep camp and occasionally killed for' neighbor. Ho has spent in four year" foi the bo-t Spani-h merino bucks he could get an aggregate of IjDOO. Heha now a flock of 1,700 head, 1,000 of which he thinks will average 10 pounds pet head of high grade Merino ileete. His place is a bheltet cd valley near the timber line of tho Ulue mountain- and as security for his htt-inc-s against bad weather ho puis up all tho hay he can in stacks judi-ciou-ly distributed on his land so as to give his stock the most shelter po-sible jet get the gicatestpo--tb!e advantage to the land from feeding the ciop upon it. For the fact must not be lost sight of that time does come storms occasion ally undei which all the attention and all the feed which can be given, without shelter, will not prevent heavy lo--. For this reason the location of the home oi wintoi l.inch foi wotd L-ieiwiiigpiiipo-es. is a point of the very lust con-ideration With -holler water is also a point of fust impoit-tucc I tegitrd it as the veiy liist beeiu-e nitifici.il shellei can Ik con -ttucted with moie certainty than watet cm b scented in many places which give these- ate veiy favot.ible for wool growing, 'the sv stent of holding away fumi the winter range dining the slim mer months is gene-tally followed. Mo-t itoe'k owners pteferniig to drive to the inountnitts nemcst their home pliuc So geiifr.il has this pincthe hie onto that ranges in the Dlno mountains within convenient reach fiom bumh 1:1.1-- plains of Wa-eo and Umatill 1 cmntu - ntc sometime oveierovvded It w 1- -.1 much so la-t ummci in the vie mile of 1-one ltoik and Fo-sil, that ownu- mid me the sheep that had been glazing on blliieh grtis- were in better mndiiiou than tho-e which hid been sii'iniu-tcd in the mountains. This is no' o mm i, .1 sign that that di-trict is fully -tucked with sheep (it is my judgement it is not half stocked) .1- that theie are change going 011 in tegard to the ovvneiship of these hunch gnis plain- that will force .1 e'lutige m tho method- of sheep hus bandly. Now a until owning perhaps not more than HiO auv- of land own- 10111 1,000 to ."i.OOO shiep. simieiudei-d inueri above the highe-t tigtiios given Siteh owner- have bent 111 the habit of claiming fiom one to four sheep c,imp ncur their hollies forwiittcnatige These eamps an' o el.timcd bisvau-e of a -up. ply of v.tiir These nii'iral watering places tire being anxiou-ly sought after, e'dgirty taken .is Immi-lead silo- for wheat hum-. It m.iitvis. .. ,. 1...11. I . . .... ' "i-i.ni mtr entp m xvjte.i'. oat or ive-htv ulin.1l blrltmit. on (1..-.. I 1 . . s .. . . t hi IH Jl,l !. " iiivii: nun- print" in I , watering laciiiues, anu sumo ,uc uiuvu ing thcirilocks into new disti ict. Both of these methods will go on and other changes be added until the v alley of tho Columbia will be stocked with ten times the sheep it now has. I fully believe this is possible; allowing that tho mot' san guine expectations jet indulgeel as rc gaiel" tho suitability of tho land, for wheat production will be fulfilled, of which I will pay in pa-sinf, I have much doubt. It w ill bo remembered by some of tho leaeleisof thoFutMi.K that two v oars ago I could not lccommend wheat raisins in that country as a sole depend mice. Since then fvohfuvest soa-on havo passed, one of which diel not letinii the seed sown in much of the bunch grass land-, and the other giving a better crop (ban was expected, it is true, but yet nothing lo become excited about. Tho opinion hptc cxpiesseil is not -o much the result of my own obsei various as of information gathered fiom tesi di'tits of that lounriy, who have much bettei mciiu- o." fanning a cortcet esti mate. While many, who then strongly eloubted of theii Iuiiels yielding remun erative ciop-, acknowledge themselves stirpiised.it lesults attaineel last jear. Still they think nnny places that two or four years ngoweio hcltlas -beep camps by (lock owners who horded on them a fc.v months only of each year, will in tc or six ypats to come either bo for sale to stock raiseis or their ownets will join stock raising to wheat farming as n means of living. In some of tho richest of tho-e localiries, like tho plains lto twoen the Deschutes anel John Day, in the mid-t of which the Rollins settle ment is loc.ttPil, the cultivation of the land may become tho ptevailing ocup 1- tion , but such localiries in extent bear a very small juopottion to the entile area of Eastern Oicgon, over tho most of which it will he difficult to get enough arable land on which tiill'icicnt winter feed cm be utisod to give reasonable sccuuiy to stock lai'sjng as a main pin suit. At pre-out thosu who have stock and ate scatcc of winter feed .11 c begin ning to calculate what thoy can afl'ord to pav for the stacks of straw left in the fields of those who fanned for wheat last year and to some of (horn tho privilege of herding nf poition of the summer or wintet from these wheat fanning home steads is atso iiccoming a suuji ct lor calculation. This being so betneen par ties who are pursuing the divoise lines of wheat laising and stock glazing, scorns to 1110 to point plainly to practicability of joining the two together under ono ownu -hip, whether it bo individual or company owneiahip. In regard to this I.ittei fot in of application of labor and capital it seems to me tho situation in l.a-leiu Otegon is peculiaily suitable for joining stock with xv heat growing. Take for instance the Blnlock company, they have a Luge body of land inclosed on which last season near 200 car loads of wheat was produced. The wheat land was scatleicd within the enclo-uie The gram was cut with he.uleis leaving I piositine considerable low grain standing in the stubbhu. Tito straw piles loft bv the thieshing midlines vvete a rich mine of vvintei food for anv kind of iock anel to feed that on the ground to sheep, letting them at the same time gather all thej could horn the stubbles and unbioken grass lands within theen-elo-ure, would give a wintet kicome from tin- land crpu! to the summer grnin crop in value. It seems to me .1 elivi-ion ti nceacio- that body of land in altern ate sides of which the gi.iitt crop should be raised in alternate jeais with sheep M utilize the -ttaw piles and convert it into manuif would give moie than a double return of money from the land. Some mny think the-o rich uplands' (winch are alnviunis deposittd by the winds instead of waters) will ntverwear out. but at the veiy beginning of their cultivation it has been demonstrated that an old sheep camp or lambing giound is the best foundation for a ...im-l r. i 1 mi . j nut-di iicm -iic mo main iequiie ments tor joining sheep and wheal bus lmndrj on the upland- aie watei for the stock and lumber fot shelter and fencing. Theie is a veiy laigo extent of K.ist emOiegotl in which giain raising will not 101110 into the cdculatiohs of tho wool grower except in the shatx f win at, oat- onye buy, a- a meuns of -e citrttv .tirainst sne-ll. nf ln.l u. ..,!... Fhire is itntih land on which h.iv tnak- ra-c5 of any kind yet known m' I Oregon eannot be grown, that will yi, Id ?,,vi1'-' stt WUhh,n,,.f ih n sure tiieiiu, or euining a living fiom thi-1 unl or not, tin -e 11 uiinil wat enng pi uiv. tussl cing rapidly taken from the free u-oof sheepowims whottinuut nt prejvfttt purchase thotu and will I think, foiee ttther n chingo of man agfii.ont or a ilnng,. e,f l.vathm Some who are nbln to buy up deeded land, (i. e, hnds to which i S patents has Usjh Mviinnl nn-lfr the hoiii.0ad One of the tir-t efl'Lcts of fiirm'ing f,',r wheat on the bun. h-gms-s lands now b. ing taken up for that purpose a;t.l whh h 11.1M n.retoioro U-eu Used fjr wool glow ing, will U to drive tlock owners e.ut wanl and routhwanl onto land. , di.tanf fiom the Coluinbia river and railroad hues, and tijioti which it seem tome grain pnxluction for export cannot be a pursuit. The great Pro-vm,.,-, r uiai nun en land m i; permanent wool gtowing country. Much of it has not yet been touched with do mesticated sheep, and is yet grazed by cattle and hordes. Tho measure of rela tive profits between tho tlirco kinds of stock is found to bo so much in favor of sheep that the latter aro T-radually takinr t he ranges from tho others. Of cour-o there can be no precise statement of profits of the business made as there are hardly two men who pursue the business alike, anel localities differ as much as systems of management, for which ro 1- son yo can find many instances of men who had been u-c,l to the successful care of sheep all their lives in oihe, con ditions make n complete failure in ii!..,. en. Oiegon in the near ncighbothood of nieti wuo weio entitely new to tho bu-i ness. Three years ago one of my own sons, ,n company with two other young Oiegonians, had got safely thiough throe j eats out of five they had given thorn solves to"mako a raise." They had a good supply of accumulated focel (straw) anel their past season hay and grain crop with which to go into tho fourth winter In spite of exertions that drow admira tion of their neighbors, their loss was ovei 07 per cent, of a flock of 1,300 head. A man utterly without experience bought out the lemaindcr of thoir flock and cle.ued by reselling within the time their five yeais would havo expired nino thou sand dollars. Xear their locations wero parties who claimed to be able to teach otheis how to run sheep profitably who were "cleaned out" by that storm, never to attempt wool growing again. On tho other hand another neighbor new to the business lost, 05 per cent., but with the lomnaht kept on and in three years that lemnantof 500 increased to l.fiOO head of m onh meed value. From this it will be seen the way to succcsful wool growin" oast of the Ctscaelcs cannot bo taught on paper; that oven ptcvioiis success in other countries and conditions is not a guuantee. Under faioiablo conditions the annual gt oss eai nings of a flock of 1,000 to 2,000 ewes is fully 100 kt cent. Under like favorable conditions tho wool alono will pay running expenses and often interest on tho investment besides. As these conditions cannot he taught, the beirin- ner should have in addition to his flock good common sense and pluck enough to adapt himself to the locality in which he locates. There are men in Eastern Oiegon who never go in sight of their sheep except to have them counted, who ai-e making money by letting out sheep to keep on shares to men who know tho general conditions of the locality whero they lieut. Iltoso flock owners I have found often careless as to their lino of breeding. They seem to legaul their investments a- only being tempotarilyin wool gi owi ng. Those who seem to havo ctbptccl that as a permanent business almost uniformly breed steadily to tho heaviest fleece merinos they can get. The largest number of new beginners follow' in the same line. Fiom the great scarcity of fencing material on these ex tensive graving lands tho means of giv ing the best cue to good bucks aro ex-' cejitional and as a result thoy aro often the fiist sheep lost in a bad spell of win ter weather; this added to natural causes mnkes a steady demand for that kind of sheep. An active demand for mutton un-ettle- some wool giowersanel thoy tempotarily turn to some of the English breeds and then grade to meet this de mand, but I believe always with loss so far .13 wool growing is the principal source of profit, and f,om the nature of the climate, I think the cast side of the Ca-c.ides is not only a merino country so far as wool growing is concerned but nIo that the merino and its grades will make n grentci projwrtion of good mut ton ptolitahly ftom these l.mges than any other bued. lAirthisreasonldecm a well chosen lo-ation for a merino breeding establishment in that conntry as invitmg .1 field for a pormanent in vestment as tan be found in the United states at thi- time. j. Mimo. r pnse,npti,m UUhu.h .,,. - - -" - - " Ttnd 0LOS&KIN0, I8 First Street, PORTLAND, OR. We call M.eci.tl itttt-n- (Ion to our Larue A.ssorM incut or LIMES A1YI (HlhlsKI'VS CLOAKS. llliK-h mo olli-r nf the lo-Me-st iKtssililc jirh'tN lorl B-ri-11 K""MS. wur ftiofKOs rv "nous 1 is always kcut umiilete I. every lenartinei,t. H.V .seutUiiir an order lol us by mail any reader of I the JfARXER tan ol) l-ta i 11 goods as sat isfactor-1 iiy as il personally Ih our More. V.Th arro atmt car taakea I la Miiia-f Orders by aaa.lL j- -- - --... .,- -iia-i-.i-i ;j H nimWMmmt ! I