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About Eugene register-guard. (Eugene, Or.) 1930-1983 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 21, 1962)
EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, I ' V " k Hoi. wi.' k(uGANDA 1 j v CONGO JfW Kro. mSF . 1(kfe( "l. (gJflHIOPIA JwrnfeJL yNtl TANGANYIKA ZT AvtOsj M The maps above locate the new nation of how the Nile Land Bonn Troops Defy Prussian Tradition By JOHN WEYLAND or the Associated Press BONN, West Germany West Germany has produced a new type of soldier. By the defense ministry's own definition the teenagers constituting the great mass of the West German Bundeswehr (armed forces) lack the mystic devotion to duty and blind obedience to authority that characterized the Prussian mili tary tradition. The discrediting of this tradition through defeat in two world wars is partly responsible. So are the emergence of democratic institutions and a strong American influence. Today a questioning, critical attitude prevails among the 400,000 men in uniform. They insist on being treated like human beings, and the externals of discipline have been re laxed, i The defense ministry takes the view that, all things con sidered, the change is for the good. It feels that Hans, Franz and Wolfgang would fight as well as their fathers and grand fathers if another war broke out. "Only those who think that 'shoulders back, chest out' rep resents the military ideal can write off the new generation," says Col. Gerd Schmueckle, spokesman for the defense min istry. NEW SOLDIERS PRAISED Schmueckle praises the new soldiers, most of whom are draftees serving 18 months, for initiative and adaptability. He finds their type better suited to the technical armed forces of today than the former goose-stepping, heel-clicking auto mations. To quiet fears about the military capability of the pres ent generation, Schmueckle wrote a study based on exper ience since the Bundeswehr was created in 1955. "To serve is no ideal in itself of these young sdldiers," Schmueckle said. "It is a disagreeable must. "They find tradition something that belongs to the older generation. Their national feeling has what I might call a low temperature. The state for them is, in their own words, 'far away,' and for some even a hostile thing. "Feelings of hate against other peoples even the peoples of the East are foreign to them. "They sweat no more from fear of rank when a superior draws near. Even to generals they show an attitude that one could call lacking in respect "To real or imagined injustices by their superiors these young men react sharply. If they are bawled at, they show anger and opposition. Commands that are not readily under stood they want explained. "They express criticisms of the service without hesitation In the presence of their officers." REFLECTS REACTION Schmueckle says the new type of German in uniform is generally admired by allied officers, who despised the old Prussian ways. The new generation reflects reaction against the excesses of militarism that came after the collapse of the Third Reich. An inspector general hrs been provided to protect the men against abuses of authority by superiors. This office did not exist previously. Any punishment that entails a deprivation of liberty must be confirmed by a civilian judge. Information and discussion periods have replaced Nazi propaganda indoctrination, where the men were told this-and-this was so, and forced to repeat it to make sure they re membered. A troop commander said he found today's soldiers re sponsive and first-rate, provided they are handled right. "The way to lead these young fellows," he explained, "is to treat your unit like a sports team. Then everything goes line. The old ways just won't do any more." Modern Romans Taking Historic Talks in Stride By EUGENE LEVIN Of the Associated Press ROME These are historic days for the Eternal City these days of the Vatican's Ecumenical Council. There has never been such a gathering of prelates in the annals of the Church of Rome. Assembled here are the spirit ual leaders of 500 million peo ple possibly five times more than lived in Rome's whole ancient empire at its height. How are modern Romans taking the council? Some with excitement. School children and govern ment employes had a day off when the council opened. Up to 150.000 Romans and tour ists flocked to St. Peter's square to see an inaugural procession of white- robed prelates. Some with curiosity. All Italian newspapers, including the Communist dailies, have osed their biggest type for banner headlines, vying for customers curious to read all about the council. Some with calm. Italians go on enjoying their biggest eco nomic boom in history, buying can and refrigerators and other items that once were luxuries. Alert businessmen cash in on every opportunity, river, for the first time in miles from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean without washing against colonial Territory. including the chance to sell Ecumenical Council souve nirs. The council may last a year, and Romans are preparing to live with it. Walk down the Via Veneto, the city's fashionable boule vard of sidewalk cafes and expensive shops. The cus tomers sip dark espresso cof fee and watch the parade of Roman high life and low life. Yet there's a difference these days. There are more young priests in the sidewalk crowds. They are here for the council from America and elsewhere, and like other vis itors to Rome find their way to the Via Veneto for a pleas ant evening stroll. In cafes and markets Romans talk about progres sive prelates and conserva tive prelates in the same way they debate Premier Amin tore Fanani's government. But more often they specu late whether Fanfani will be able to win final parliamen tary approval for the national ization of electric power, and whether he will keep commu nism's old ally, the Italian Socialist Party, behind hit government. ppi (AP Wlrephoto) Uganda in Africa and show this century, flows 3,800 Spotlight In South Africa Woman Silenced As 'Subversive' BY RICHARD KASISCHKE Of the Associated Pres. JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (AP) If Mrs. Helen Jos seph gets in a traffic jam driving home from her downtown office she steps on the gas to get out of it fast. Otherwise she may be in trouble with the South African government, because for the next five years she has to be home every day at 6:30 p.m. Mrs. Joseph, a graying white woman, is under house arrest the first such under new political control laws exercised by Minister of Justice Balthazar Vorster. This means among other at :' -V .. v ' MRS. HELEN JOSEPH Victim of Law Living Standards On the Rise In Pakistan KARACHI, Pakistan iffi Pakistan is making substantial progress toward improving the living standards of its al most 100 million people. For eign aid, topped by a million dollars a day from the United States, is helping. National income has risen an estimated 9.8 per cent in the first two years of Pakis tan's second 5-year plan. The average income per person which remained virtually con stant in the first plan because the growth in population equaled the economic gains, has risen about 5.5 per cent in the last two years. It is an uneven rue, how ever. Many of the scminomad ic people of the Baluchistan desert and the overcrowded rice farmers of monsoon soaked East Pakistan have seen no progress. Some say things have gotten worse. Helping these people is a massive problem because the starting point was so low. At the beginning of this plan in 1960 the per capita income was 235 rupees ($49.35) a year. Now it has crept up to about 250 rupees ($52.50). In neighboring India per capita income is more than 330 rupees ($69.30) and in nearby Ceylon it is some 625 rupees ($131.25). Pakistan can be proud in its poverty because of the prog ress. Compared with little i Ceylon, or with Indonesia, which is comparable in popu lation, Pakistan is moving ahead rapidly. At Pakistan's present rate of progress, "it would he rea sonable to assume that the tar get of a 24 per cent increase in natiinal income (by 1965) will be exceeded," according to S. A. Hasnie, governor of the State Bank of Pakistan. Uganda: Nation Without Nationalism By LYNN HFINZK RUNG Of tbe Associated Preu JINJA, Uganda (or the first time in this century, the stately Nile flows 3,800 miles from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean without wash ing against colonial territory. The bluish waters that tum ble from the lake here at Jin ja sweep through a free and independent Uganda before they pick up the mud and silt of Sudan and Egypt and emerge, sluggish and muddy, into the Mediterranean. Jinja, at the southernmost source of the Nile, is an im portant railway and Industrial center of the new nation. It is the site of the Owen Falls Hydroelectric Power Station. Tourists stand on a platform and watch fish soar above the turbulent water after being expelled from Lake Victoria through the dam's great sluices. Jinja is even more im portant as the place where Apollo Milton Obote, the son of a Lango chief, took his first job as a laborer and felt the first political stirring. Obote, then 26, was helping to build silos at $3 a month. things she is confined to her home from 6:30 p.m. to 6:30 a.m. She is forbidden to have visitors there except a doc tor who must be considered nonsubversive. She cannot leave her home on public holi days or in weekends, cannot attend any political or social gatherings and must report to the police every day except Sundays and holidays. Furth ermore she is silenced here and cannot be quoted by word or writing. If she breaks any of the re strictions she could be jailed for up to three years. However she has her Sia mese cat Siti and she gets newspapers and still has a telephone that rings constant ly. Well-wishers' calls mix with anonymous messages. She works in a downtown medical aid society doing wel fare work for the African peo ple. Mrs. Joseph has been inter viewed frequently since Vor ster arrested her but the in terviews cannot be quoted here or cabled abroad be cause she has been silenced as an alleged Red subversive. Friends say Mrs. Joseph, who is a childless divorcee, is determined to carry on her welfare work, packing as much work in her daytime . freedom hours as possible. She spent four months in prison as one of the defend ants in South Africa's mara thon treason trial. All the de fendants were acquitted be cause the court ruled the government had not proved they were guilty of Commu nist conspiracy. She is represented as a great admirer of Zulu ex-chief Albert Luthuli, South Africa's only Nobel Peace Prize win ner, who has also been polit ically banned and silenced. She also knows other out lawed African political lead ers, among them Nelson Man dela and Walter Sisulu, who have been charged with in citement. Mrs. Joseph was bom in England, 'and likes gardening. On the first Sunday of her house arrest, neighbors came by to chat over her garden gate. Evenings she works on a new book that will describe South Africa's political laws. Her first book titled "If This Be Treason" is expected to : be published next year but will not be for sale here. Author Alan Paton told the Johannesburg Sunday Ex press that the conditions of Mrs. Joseph's house arrest are vicious and barbaric. "No one can say that this is not an imitation of a Nazi country," he said. "This move by Vorster is one of the con sequences of Mrs. Joseph's unequivocal opposition to apartheid (racial segrega- He became active in the trad union movement. Now 37, he is prime minis ter of Uganda, facing Africa's problems of disease, poverty, ignorance and tribalism plus special problems peculiar to Uganda. This is a nation of seven million without a national consciousness. National in dependence means nothing to 9 out of 10 people. Obote himself admits that when he was first elected to the colonial legislative coun cil four years ago, he had dif ficulty deciding whether he represented his tribe, his party, the electorate of his constituency or the country at large. Included in this nation of 94,000 square miles are four kingdoms, one territory and eleven administrative dis tricts. The kingdoms and the territory of Busoga all have their own legislative bodies and administrations apart from the national parliament and administration. Such traditional rulers as the Kyabazinga of Busoga, the Omukama of Bunyoro, the Omugabe of Ankole, the Omu kama of Toro and the Kabaka of Buganda compete with the prime minister for prestige. On a lower level are dozens of chiefs among 28 tribes. Except in Kampala, the ordinary man of Uganda nev er raises his sights above the local chief except for the Omukamas and the Kabaka. The most important, the most sartorially gorgeous and probably the wisest of these state rulers is the Kabaka Mutesa II of Buganda who BUY 3 r. Hurry! Limited Only! I 's. i Time 4- Sltet PlKt-ssttlng! teaspoon, PIscs Kmfi, place forh, false Fork. 5- sltet Nset-littlnfi Ttatpoon, Plaes Knils, Piles Fork, Salle Fork and Craam Soup f FIK Spoon', S-plKt F1ae-ittlhifi Ittspoon, P'aco KmTa, Plael Fork, tolao Fork, spreadar ana) OraM Sowp or Plact Spoon. lead aawraio SpoeM aw t KabaH tutatf for Crssaa Soup of PWK SpoeaM. Ootisrt Spoon may a. ajabaaHsSsJ for Croana Soup spoon for fl.oo asf por Slatt-MUMf, , NO MONEY DOWN Take 18 Months To Pay U 5H 'a H I f itr r 'tis. I I if l L" : A. M. OBOTE Pnme Minister was known as Freddie when he studied at Cambridge. Ha is 38. The Kabaka has all the fancy uniforms of an honor ary captain in Britain's Grena dier Guards plus ceremonial garments of scarlet and gold and fancy hats of tradition. He drives about Kampala in a Rolls-Royce and lives on one of Mampala's hills in a palace with 110 servants. The Kabaka's state of Bugan da is the most populous, the richest and the most im portant politically. One of the most disruptive disputes in the new nation Involves dif ferences between Buganda and the state of Bunyoro over the counties of Buyaga and Bugangazzl, claimed by both states. PLACE SETTINGS ... GET 1 (b(?DX$ QG$ Pric. Chart Four 4-piec. I Four S-piac. Four S-pioc Place-tottingt Plac-Mttinss Ploc-sottlngt PATTERNS NOW YOU SAVt NOW YOU SAVI NOW YOU SAVt WM.Ww"'''0 " HM " W Wl S3.TS CHANTIUY SECRET GARDEN NEW ESPRIT BLITHE SPIRIT ... , auaa FAIRFAX FIRf LIGHT RONDO " WM lUM MM BUTTIRCU'' MA ROSI STRASBOURG) KINO TOWARD S SMJ SIM .SO MOJO S140JS Ht.7i MILROSI CtAMkQUt tlOS-IO I3t 1110 58 M HMH Ml 7S 0M-. MANUFACTURING Registered Jeweler A referendum may permit the populace of the two coun tries to state their preference, but it is not certain that the result will settle the dispute. Obote, Impressed but not virtue of a coalition with the Kabaka's party, Kabaka Yekka (Kabaka only). Obote's United People's Congress holds 38 seats, Kabaka Yekka 21 and the Democratic party 24. The Kabaka is ambitious and with his people growing three-fourths of the coffee and one-third of the cotton, the two main export items, he can exert great pressure. He apparently aspires to become head of state. Obote, impressed but not subdued by the Kabaka's stat ure, is a plain man with a ready smile. He smokes a pipe and carries a black cane al most constantly. Ha is a unpretentious man and refused to move into the prime minister's luxurious of fice, preferring the cramped office he knew when he was leader of the opposition. Obote was accidentally hit In the back by a spear thrown by a boyhood friend years ago and spent five months in a hospital. It was necessary to carry him 50 miles by foot in a snare net to a hospital, but he recovered fully. Like many other Ugandans he also had narrow escapes with pythons and leopards during boyhood. The prime minister is out standing among African lead ers for one thing. 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The British admin istration has done a wonder ful job in education, health, water resources and economic affairs and has founded quite a lot on the materialistic side and also in the cultural sense." The prime minister may ba just the man to make a na tion out of the gentle, friend ly people of Uganda. Many Priests Receive Aid VATICAN CITY Wl Every day the Ecumenical Council is in session, a battered Volks wagen sneaks through Rome's congested streets. Crammed inside are two or three bishops, gingerly hold ing their three-cornered pur ple birettas. "They asked for a ride to St Peter's," explains the Ger man prelate at the wheel. They are poor, very poor." Many possibly half, of the 2,700 church dignitaries at tending the Ecumenical Coun cil get financial assistance from the Vatican treasury. They themselves could hardly pay the travel cost alone. Vat ican sources are quick to add that this does not mean that the Vatican has money to spare. 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