EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD,
I ' V " k Hoi.
wi.' k(uGANDA 1 j v
CONGO JfW Kro. mSF . 1(kfe( "l. (gJflHIOPIA
JwrnfeJL yNtl TANGANYIKA ZT AvtOsj
M The maps above locate the new nation of
how the Nile
Land
Bonn Troops Defy
Prussian Tradition
By JOHN WEYLAND
or the Associated Press
BONN, West Germany West Germany has produced a new
type of soldier.
By the defense ministry's own definition the teenagers
constituting the great mass of the West German Bundeswehr
(armed forces) lack the mystic devotion to duty and blind
obedience to authority that characterized the Prussian mili
tary tradition.
The discrediting of this tradition through defeat in two
world wars is partly responsible. So are the emergence of
democratic institutions and a strong American influence.
Today a questioning, critical attitude prevails among the
400,000 men in uniform. They insist on being treated like
human beings, and the externals of discipline have been re
laxed, i
The defense ministry takes the view that, all things con
sidered, the change is for the good. It feels that Hans, Franz
and Wolfgang would fight as well as their fathers and grand
fathers if another war broke out.
"Only those who think that 'shoulders back, chest out' rep
resents the military ideal can write off the new generation,"
says Col. Gerd Schmueckle, spokesman for the defense min
istry. NEW SOLDIERS PRAISED
Schmueckle praises the new soldiers, most of whom are
draftees serving 18 months, for initiative and adaptability. He
finds their type better suited to the technical armed forces
of today than the former goose-stepping, heel-clicking auto
mations. To quiet fears about the military capability of the pres
ent generation, Schmueckle wrote a study based on exper
ience since the Bundeswehr was created in 1955.
"To serve is no ideal in itself of these young sdldiers,"
Schmueckle said. "It is a disagreeable must.
"They find tradition something that belongs to the older
generation. Their national feeling has what I might call a
low temperature. The state for them is, in their own words,
'far away,' and for some even a hostile thing.
"Feelings of hate against other peoples even the peoples
of the East are foreign to them.
"They sweat no more from fear of rank when a superior
draws near. Even to generals they show an attitude that one
could call lacking in respect
"To real or imagined injustices by their superiors these
young men react sharply. If they are bawled at, they show
anger and opposition. Commands that are not readily under
stood they want explained.
"They express criticisms of the service without hesitation
In the presence of their officers."
REFLECTS REACTION
Schmueckle says the new type of German in uniform is
generally admired by allied officers, who despised the old
Prussian ways.
The new generation reflects reaction against the excesses of
militarism that came after the collapse of the Third Reich.
An inspector general hrs been provided to protect the
men against abuses of authority by superiors. This office did
not exist previously.
Any punishment that entails a deprivation of liberty must
be confirmed by a civilian judge.
Information and discussion periods have replaced Nazi
propaganda indoctrination, where the men were told this-and-this
was so, and forced to repeat it to make sure they re
membered. A troop commander said he found today's soldiers re
sponsive and first-rate, provided they are handled right.
"The way to lead these young fellows," he explained, "is
to treat your unit like a sports team. Then everything goes
line. The old ways just won't do any more."
Modern Romans Taking
Historic Talks in Stride
By EUGENE LEVIN
Of the Associated Press
ROME These are historic
days for the Eternal City
these days of the Vatican's
Ecumenical Council.
There has never been such
a gathering of prelates in the
annals of the Church of Rome.
Assembled here are the spirit
ual leaders of 500 million peo
ple possibly five times more
than lived in Rome's whole
ancient empire at its height.
How are modern Romans
taking the council?
Some with excitement.
School children and govern
ment employes had a day off
when the council opened. Up
to 150.000 Romans and tour
ists flocked to St. Peter's
square to see an inaugural
procession of white- robed
prelates.
Some with curiosity. All
Italian newspapers, including
the Communist dailies, have
osed their biggest type for
banner headlines, vying for
customers curious to read all
about the council.
Some with calm. Italians go
on enjoying their biggest eco
nomic boom in history, buying
can and refrigerators and
other items that once were
luxuries. Alert businessmen
cash in on every opportunity,
river, for the first time in
miles from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean without washing
against colonial Territory.
including the chance to sell
Ecumenical Council souve
nirs. The council may last a year,
and Romans are preparing
to live with it.
Walk down the Via Veneto,
the city's fashionable boule
vard of sidewalk cafes and
expensive shops. The cus
tomers sip dark espresso cof
fee and watch the parade of
Roman high life and low life.
Yet there's a difference
these days. There are more
young priests in the sidewalk
crowds. They are here for the
council from America and
elsewhere, and like other vis
itors to Rome find their way
to the Via Veneto for a pleas
ant evening stroll.
In cafes and markets
Romans talk about progres
sive prelates and conserva
tive prelates in the same way
they debate Premier Amin
tore Fanani's government.
But more often they specu
late whether Fanfani will be
able to win final parliamen
tary approval for the national
ization of electric power, and
whether he will keep commu
nism's old ally, the Italian
Socialist Party, behind hit
government.
ppi
(AP Wlrephoto)
Uganda in Africa and show
this century, flows 3,800
Spotlight
In South Africa
Woman Silenced
As 'Subversive'
BY RICHARD KASISCHKE
Of the Associated Pres.
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa (AP) If Mrs. Helen Jos
seph gets in a traffic jam driving home from her downtown
office she steps on the gas to get out of it fast.
Otherwise she may be in trouble with the South African
government, because for the next five years she has to be
home every day at 6:30 p.m.
Mrs. Joseph, a graying white woman, is under house arrest
the first such under new political control laws exercised by
Minister of Justice Balthazar Vorster.
This means among other
at :' -V .. v '
MRS. HELEN JOSEPH
Victim of Law
Living Standards
On the Rise
In Pakistan
KARACHI, Pakistan iffi
Pakistan is making substantial
progress toward improving
the living standards of its al
most 100 million people. For
eign aid, topped by a million
dollars a day from the United
States, is helping.
National income has risen
an estimated 9.8 per cent in
the first two years of Pakis
tan's second 5-year plan. The
average income per person
which remained virtually con
stant in the first plan because
the growth in population
equaled the economic gains,
has risen about 5.5 per cent
in the last two years.
It is an uneven rue, how
ever. Many of the scminomad
ic people of the Baluchistan
desert and the overcrowded
rice farmers of monsoon
soaked East Pakistan have
seen no progress. Some say
things have gotten worse.
Helping these people is a
massive problem because the
starting point was so low.
At the beginning of this
plan in 1960 the per capita
income was 235 rupees ($49.35)
a year. Now it has crept up to
about 250 rupees ($52.50).
In neighboring India per
capita income is more than
330 rupees ($69.30) and in
nearby Ceylon it is some 625
rupees ($131.25).
Pakistan can be proud in its
poverty because of the prog
ress. Compared with little
i Ceylon, or with Indonesia,
which is comparable in popu
lation, Pakistan is moving
ahead rapidly.
At Pakistan's present rate
of progress, "it would he rea
sonable to assume that the tar
get of a 24 per cent increase
in natiinal income (by 1965)
will be exceeded," according
to S. A. Hasnie, governor of
the State Bank of Pakistan.
Uganda: Nation Without Nationalism
By LYNN HFINZK RUNG
Of tbe Associated Preu
JINJA, Uganda (or the
first time in this century, the
stately Nile flows 3,800 miles
from Lake Victoria to the
Mediterranean without wash
ing against colonial territory.
The bluish waters that tum
ble from the lake here at Jin
ja sweep through a free and
independent Uganda before
they pick up the mud and silt
of Sudan and Egypt and
emerge, sluggish and muddy,
into the Mediterranean.
Jinja, at the southernmost
source of the Nile, is an im
portant railway and Industrial
center of the new nation. It
is the site of the Owen Falls
Hydroelectric Power Station.
Tourists stand on a platform
and watch fish soar above the
turbulent water after being
expelled from Lake Victoria
through the dam's great
sluices.
Jinja is even more im
portant as the place where
Apollo Milton Obote, the son
of a Lango chief, took his
first job as a laborer and felt
the first political stirring.
Obote, then 26, was helping
to build silos at $3 a month.
things she is confined to her
home from 6:30 p.m. to 6:30
a.m. She is forbidden to have
visitors there except a doc
tor who must be considered
nonsubversive. She cannot
leave her home on public holi
days or in weekends, cannot
attend any political or social
gatherings and must report to
the police every day except
Sundays and holidays. Furth
ermore she is silenced here
and cannot be quoted by word
or writing.
If she breaks any of the re
strictions she could be jailed
for up to three years.
However she has her Sia
mese cat Siti and she gets
newspapers and still has a
telephone that rings constant
ly. Well-wishers' calls mix
with anonymous messages.
She works in a downtown
medical aid society doing wel
fare work for the African peo
ple. Mrs. Joseph has been inter
viewed frequently since Vor
ster arrested her but the in
terviews cannot be quoted
here or cabled abroad be
cause she has been silenced
as an alleged Red subversive.
Friends say Mrs. Joseph,
who is a childless divorcee, is
determined to carry on her
welfare work, packing as
much work in her daytime
. freedom hours as possible.
She spent four months in
prison as one of the defend
ants in South Africa's mara
thon treason trial. All the de
fendants were acquitted be
cause the court ruled the
government had not proved
they were guilty of Commu
nist conspiracy.
She is represented as a
great admirer of Zulu ex-chief
Albert Luthuli, South Africa's
only Nobel Peace Prize win
ner, who has also been polit
ically banned and silenced.
She also knows other out
lawed African political lead
ers, among them Nelson Man
dela and Walter Sisulu, who
have been charged with in
citement. Mrs. Joseph was bom in
England, 'and likes gardening.
On the first Sunday of her
house arrest, neighbors came
by to chat over her garden
gate. Evenings she works on
a new book that will describe
South Africa's political laws.
Her first book titled "If This
Be Treason" is expected to
: be published next year but
will not be for sale here.
Author Alan Paton told the
Johannesburg Sunday Ex
press that the conditions of
Mrs. Joseph's house arrest
are vicious and barbaric.
"No one can say that this
is not an imitation of a Nazi
country," he said. "This move
by Vorster is one of the con
sequences of Mrs. Joseph's
unequivocal opposition to
apartheid (racial segrega-
He became active in the trad
union movement.
Now 37, he is prime minis
ter of Uganda, facing Africa's
problems of disease, poverty,
ignorance and tribalism plus
special problems peculiar to
Uganda.
This is a nation of seven
million without a national
consciousness. National in
dependence means nothing to
9 out of 10 people.
Obote himself admits that
when he was first elected to
the colonial legislative coun
cil four years ago, he had dif
ficulty deciding whether he
represented his tribe, his
party, the electorate of his
constituency or the country at
large.
Included in this nation of
94,000 square miles are four
kingdoms, one territory and
eleven administrative dis
tricts. The kingdoms and the
territory of Busoga all have
their own legislative bodies
and administrations apart
from the national parliament
and administration.
Such traditional rulers as
the Kyabazinga of Busoga, the
Omukama of Bunyoro, the
Omugabe of Ankole, the Omu
kama of Toro and the Kabaka
of Buganda compete with the
prime minister for prestige.
On a lower level are dozens
of chiefs among 28 tribes.
Except in Kampala, the
ordinary man of Uganda nev
er raises his sights above the
local chief except for the
Omukamas and the Kabaka.
The most important, the
most sartorially gorgeous and
probably the wisest of these
state rulers is the Kabaka
Mutesa II of Buganda who
BUY 3
r.
Hurry!
Limited
Only!
I 's.
i
Time
4- Sltet PlKt-ssttlng!
teaspoon, PIscs Kmfi, place forh, false
Fork.
5- sltet Nset-littlnfi
Ttatpoon, Plaes Knils, Piles Fork, Salle
Fork and Craam Soup f FIK Spoon',
S-plKt F1ae-ittlhifi
Ittspoon, P'aco KmTa, Plael Fork, tolao
Fork, spreadar ana) OraM Sowp or
Plact Spoon.
lead aawraio SpoeM aw t KabaH
tutatf for Crssaa Soup of PWK SpoeaM.
Ootisrt Spoon may a. ajabaaHsSsJ for
Croana Soup spoon for fl.oo asf por
Slatt-MUMf,
, NO MONEY
DOWN
Take 18 Months
To Pay
U 5H
'a H
I f itr r 'tis.
I I if l L" :
A. M. OBOTE
Pnme Minister
was known as Freddie when
he studied at Cambridge. Ha
is 38.
The Kabaka has all the
fancy uniforms of an honor
ary captain in Britain's Grena
dier Guards plus ceremonial
garments of scarlet and gold
and fancy hats of tradition.
He drives about Kampala in a
Rolls-Royce and lives on one
of Mampala's hills in a palace
with 110 servants.
The Kabaka's state of Bugan
da is the most populous, the
richest and the most im
portant politically. One of the
most disruptive disputes in
the new nation Involves dif
ferences between Buganda
and the state of Bunyoro over
the counties of Buyaga and
Bugangazzl, claimed by both
states.
PLACE SETTINGS ... GET 1
(b(?DX$ QG$
Pric. Chart Four 4-piec. I Four S-piac. Four S-pioc
Place-tottingt Plac-Mttinss Ploc-sottlngt
PATTERNS NOW YOU SAVt NOW YOU SAVI NOW YOU SAVt
WM.Ww"'''0 " HM " W Wl S3.TS
CHANTIUY SECRET GARDEN
NEW ESPRIT BLITHE SPIRIT ... , auaa
FAIRFAX FIRf LIGHT RONDO " WM lUM MM
BUTTIRCU'' MA ROSI
STRASBOURG) KINO TOWARD S SMJ SIM .SO MOJO S140JS Ht.7i
MILROSI CtAMkQUt tlOS-IO I3t 1110 58 M HMH Ml 7S
0M-.
MANUFACTURING
Registered Jeweler
A referendum may permit
the populace of the two coun
tries to state their preference,
but it is not certain that the
result will settle the dispute.
Obote, Impressed but not
virtue of a coalition with the
Kabaka's party, Kabaka Yekka
(Kabaka only). Obote's
United People's Congress
holds 38 seats, Kabaka Yekka
21 and the Democratic party
24.
The Kabaka is ambitious
and with his people growing
three-fourths of the coffee
and one-third of the cotton,
the two main export items, he
can exert great pressure. He
apparently aspires to become
head of state.
Obote, impressed but not
subdued by the Kabaka's stat
ure, is a plain man with a
ready smile. He smokes a pipe
and carries a black cane al
most constantly.
Ha is a unpretentious man
and refused to move into the
prime minister's luxurious of
fice, preferring the cramped
office he knew when he was
leader of the opposition.
Obote was accidentally hit
In the back by a spear thrown
by a boyhood friend years ago
and spent five months in a
hospital. It was necessary to
carry him 50 miles by foot
in a snare net to a hospital,
but he recovered fully. Like
many other Ugandans he also
had narrow escapes with
pythons and leopards during
boyhood.
The prime minister is out
standing among African lead
ers for one thing. He does not
orate at length about neo
colonialism whenever foreign
investment is mentioned.
COOPERATES WITH
GORHAM STERLING
TO BRING YOU ALL REGULAR
PATTERNS AT GREAT SAVINGS!
y'OI 00 u- 0
it.
"""If"
Imagine . . . (our plact-tettings erf luxurious, heavy-weight Gorham
tterling silver for tbe price of three! And there are 18 beautiful
patterns to choose from . . . including Corham's exciting new
design Esprit There's never been a better time to buy the
sterling you've always wanted than right now I Hurry . . . don't miss
this opportunity to enjoy "luxurious dining" with your very own
sterling nowl All prices include Federal Tax.
JEWELRY
STORE
1027 WILLAMETTB
RETAIL JEWELERS
American Gem Society
At his first news conference
after independence, he said:
"For nearly 70 years we
have been under British pro
tection. The British admin
istration has done a wonder
ful job in education, health,
water resources and economic
affairs and has founded quite
a lot on the materialistic side
and also in the cultural
sense."
The prime minister may ba
just the man to make a na
tion out of the gentle, friend
ly people of Uganda.
Many Priests
Receive Aid
VATICAN CITY Wl Every
day the Ecumenical Council
is in session, a battered Volks
wagen sneaks through Rome's
congested streets.
Crammed inside are two or
three bishops, gingerly hold
ing their three-cornered pur
ple birettas.
"They asked for a ride to
St Peter's," explains the Ger
man prelate at the wheel.
They are poor, very poor."
Many possibly half, of the
2,700 church dignitaries at
tending the Ecumenical Coun
cil get financial assistance
from the Vatican treasury.
They themselves could hardly
pay the travel cost alone. Vat
ican sources are quick to add
that this does not mean that
the Vatican has money to
spare.
The Vatican itself gets an as
sist from the Catholic churches
in wealthy countries.
FREE!
"rtfe
1 HOUR FREE
PARKING WITH
PURCHASE AT
PACIFIC PARKING
64 E. 10th
1'
I
A
i