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About Eugene register-guard. (Eugene, Or.) 1930-1983 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 21, 1953)
flA Register-Guard, Eugene, Ore.Mon., Dec. 21, Secrecy Dropped Because of CD Importance Army Reveals Plans for Germ War Defense WASHINGTON (NEA) - The U. S. Army has developed an elaborate plan for the defense of American troops against possible germ warfare. It anticipates that enemy serm weapons will be primarily direct ed at inducing respiratory dis eases in the men. Secondary targets will be meat producing animals and all plant foods in an effort to starve the country to its knees. Spray tanks on aircraft and aerial bombs are considered the most likely means of delivery, al though defenses are planned for germs sent by rockets, missiles and artillery and mortar shells. Intensive study on defenses against possible biological war fare, which have been carried on by the Air Force and Navy with the Army since World War H, have led to the conclusion that the primary use by the. en emy of germs will be against the civilian population. The Army ex perts belieye. that tactical bin logical warfare, alone, against, troops, would not be decisive. : This information is revealed for the first time as a result of the White House order eliminating the security classification "restrict ed." The facts are contained in an Army field manual called "De fense Against Biological War fare." The introduction states: "The purpose of this manual Is to provide information for use biological warfare defense training. It is intended also 10 serve as a guide, to all echelons in determining responsibilities in the various phases of this field, es pecially in connection with staff level relationships." Up until now the whole sub- ieel of biological warfare has i ' everyone needi protection! When it comet to fire pro tection there' no better afe I guard than a policy from the . Farmer' Mutual Imurance - Company of Enumelawl Since 1898 this reliable company hat been writing fire iniur. anee for thousand! of North west homes ant) many timet at unusual savings! Aslt your Mutual of Enumelaw agent today about thit fine fire protection. i 1 LL -vf ti'r Hif1WWI PtMRtVtM Of 1HI 1IMV HUB HIMIU DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL WARFARE OEPIRTUEin Of THt IRtfl VCtOtM Ml RtlTIICTfD been one of the most closely guarded areas of secrecy in the services. Part of the reason for permitting the manual to lose its security, along with a mass of other previously restricted ma lerial and information, is because of its civil defense importance. "Restricted" was the lowest se curity classification after "confi dential," "secret" and "top se cret," in that order. In eliminat ing the "restricted" classification the While House felt that the des ignation had heen abused and that regulations on the remain ing categories could be observed better. The manual gives the following limitation of germs as a tactical weapon: The incubation or lag period before the appearance of disease symptoms is a disadvantage since usually neither side in a changing situation can determine what will happen or be needed several days in advance. The epidemic nature or the retroactivity of some agents might make them dangerous eilh- either for the user or for adjacent friendly personnel." The. explosive munition shell is not considered a very satisfac- "The greater the explosive foree which is required to rupiure inc munition, the finer the dispersion o the agent; but also the result is greater destruction of the agent by heat, pressure, and the toxic gases simultaneously pro duced," the manual explains. Other difficulty on germ wea pons are said to he difficulty of storage, danger of transportation the natural or acquired immun ity of the persons under attack, and the availability of vaccines and antibiotics. "Modern methods of control would probably prevent large- scale epidemics," the manual claims. The Army Chemical Corps has heen given over-all responsibility for carrying out details of de fense against germ weapon at tacks. Officers and non-coms trained in the art are now in (very Army unit, down to the low est levels. The Army Medical Service is charged with providing and op erating special laboratories in the field capable of quick analy sis of evidence of germ attack. The key factor in an adequate defense, against germ warfare, tnry means of delivering germsthe manual warns, is the individ ual's maintenance of a very high standard of personal hygiene. Also, It says, "extra considera tion and importance must he given to all phases of unit health, such as supervision of the Kitcn en. latrine, housing of personnel and insect and rodent control. In the event of actual germ attack on troops the immediate defense would he very similar to that prepared for gas warfare. Protective clothing, masks and shelters will be provided. In ad dition, the book says, "first aid should include extra care, of cuts and abrasions and food and water should be used only from approv ed military sources." The Army has decided that germs are especially well suited for enemy sabotage, The manual says: ."The greatest effects from sab otage would he on production and on morale of an inadequately informed population. It is a good sabotage weapon because of the ease of manufacture in small quantities, ease of concealment, possible disguise as legitimate laboratory procedure and suscep tibility of route of entry into the target (that is, foodstuffs, beverages, drugs, cosmetics, forc ed air ventilation systems and subways)." It Is expected that. Ihe release of this manual to the public will aid the efforts of the Federal Civil Defense Agency in educat ing the public on this danger. 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