flA Register-Guard, Eugene, Ore.Mon., Dec. 21,
Secrecy Dropped Because of CD Importance
Army Reveals Plans for Germ War Defense
WASHINGTON (NEA) - The
U. S. Army has developed an
elaborate plan for the defense of
American troops against possible
germ warfare.
It anticipates that enemy serm
weapons will be primarily direct
ed at inducing respiratory dis
eases in the men.
Secondary targets will be meat
producing animals and all plant
foods in an effort to starve the
country to its knees.
Spray tanks on aircraft and
aerial bombs are considered the
most likely means of delivery, al
though defenses are planned for
germs sent by rockets, missiles
and artillery and mortar shells.
Intensive study on defenses
against possible biological war
fare, which have been carried
on by the Air Force and Navy
with the Army since World War
H, have led to the conclusion
that the primary use by the. en
emy of germs will be against the
civilian population. The Army ex
perts belieye. that tactical bin
logical warfare, alone, against,
troops, would not be decisive.
: This information is revealed for
the first time as a result of the
White House order eliminating the
security classification "restrict
ed." The facts are contained in an
Army field manual called "De
fense Against Biological War
fare." The introduction states:
"The purpose of this manual
Is to provide information for use
biological warfare defense
training. It is intended also 10
serve as a guide, to all echelons
in determining responsibilities in
the various phases of this field, es
pecially in connection with staff
level relationships."
Up until now the whole sub-
ieel of biological warfare has
i
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PtMRtVtM Of 1HI 1IMV HUB HIMIU
DEFENSE AGAINST
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
OEPIRTUEin Of THt IRtfl VCtOtM Ml
RtlTIICTfD
been one of the most closely
guarded areas of secrecy in the
services. Part of the reason for
permitting the manual to lose its
security, along with a mass of
other previously restricted ma
lerial and information, is because
of its civil defense importance.
"Restricted" was the lowest se
curity classification after "confi
dential," "secret" and "top se
cret," in that order. In eliminat
ing the "restricted" classification
the While House felt that the des
ignation had heen abused and
that regulations on the remain
ing categories could be observed
better.
The manual gives the following
limitation of germs as a tactical
weapon:
The incubation or lag period
before the appearance of disease
symptoms is a disadvantage since
usually neither side in a changing
situation can determine what will
happen or be needed several days
in advance. The epidemic nature
or the retroactivity of some agents
might make them dangerous eilh-
either for the user or for adjacent
friendly personnel."
The. explosive munition shell
is not considered a very satisfac-
"The greater the explosive foree
which is required to rupiure inc
munition, the finer the dispersion
o the agent; but also the result
is greater destruction of the
agent by heat, pressure, and the
toxic gases simultaneously pro
duced," the manual explains.
Other difficulty on germ wea
pons are said to he difficulty of
storage, danger of transportation
the natural or acquired immun
ity of the persons under attack,
and the availability of vaccines
and antibiotics.
"Modern methods of control
would probably prevent large-
scale epidemics," the manual
claims.
The Army Chemical Corps has
heen given over-all responsibility
for carrying out details of de
fense against germ weapon at
tacks. Officers and non-coms
trained in the art are now in
(very Army unit, down to the low
est levels.
The Army Medical Service is
charged with providing and op
erating special laboratories in
the field capable of quick analy
sis of evidence of germ attack.
The key factor in an adequate
defense, against germ warfare,
tnry means of delivering germsthe manual warns, is the individ
ual's maintenance of a very high
standard of personal hygiene.
Also, It says, "extra considera
tion and importance must he
given to all phases of unit health,
such as supervision of the Kitcn
en. latrine, housing of personnel
and insect and rodent control.
In the event of actual germ
attack on troops the immediate
defense would he very similar to
that prepared for gas warfare.
Protective clothing, masks and
shelters will be provided. In ad
dition, the book says, "first aid
should include extra care, of cuts
and abrasions and food and water
should be used only from approv
ed military sources."
The Army has decided that
germs are especially well suited
for enemy sabotage, The manual
says:
."The greatest effects from sab
otage would he on production
and on morale of an inadequately
informed population. It is a good
sabotage weapon because of the
ease of manufacture in small
quantities, ease of concealment,
possible disguise as legitimate
laboratory procedure and suscep
tibility of route of entry into
the target (that is, foodstuffs,
beverages, drugs, cosmetics, forc
ed air ventilation systems and
subways)."
It Is expected that. Ihe release
of this manual to the public will
aid the efforts of the Federal
Civil Defense Agency in educat
ing the public on this danger.
JAPS TO GET ISLANDS
TOKYO Ml The Japanese
government announced Friday
that the United States will re
turn the Amami 0 shim a is
lands to Japan on Christmas day.
The islands lie midway between
the southernmost Japanese is
land of Kyushu and Okinawa.
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