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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (June 13, 1909)
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, " SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 13, 1909, FAR fJIL'G LIFE , IIJ IE !''- ..... ' Infernal torment the Fel lah's Lot Kinc Prehistoric , TimesPoorest ; American 1 , a Nabob byjComparison Better Day Coming:. - 'interrupting -now the series on Egypt. Mr. Maskln's "article on th : 'great : Pan-Presbyterian ' Al liance 'will be' introduced m view of the Convention of the alliance that will " opem at New . York Monday, Besides' (atln; ths, object of the alliance and de. tails of Its organisation and growth, Mr,, Haakln takes occas ion to review-the life, labors and philosophy of John Calvin, the founder of Presvyterlanlsm. . , ... - , the fact that tha fellah approaches the dawning of a better day.- . Urea the "Corvee" Ameliorated. I , Formerly "the - Egyptian farmer was flogged with the "courbasfi". when ha protested against paying ruinous taxes, part ; of wUlch the tax collector stole and the rest of which, went to the khedive. :Kvn so recent a - ruler : as Ismail used the rourbash whenever he needed , money. - The farmer was also driven by the whip to labor upon publio works or till crown lands, or the, lands of court" favorites, without pay, - Now adays taxes are levied as they are In European countries, and the system of graft is obsolete. All that is left of the corvee, the system of enforced labor. Is that the fellaheen must guard his dvkea during the season of Inundation. The Introduction'Of perennial Irrigation i has greatly reduced the need Tor- labor on the dykes. Jt is believed that within a few years it will not be necessary to call out the corvee except in seasons of- exceptionally high" Nile. In 1801, for the first time in, the history of the country, no corvee was called out ' - Tanning as la Barneses Time. : ' But'liD tooths oresent time the bene fits that have accrded to the Egyptians have not visibly affected the nature of rarmfng operations.' Tvhlle there are ex ceptions to the-rule; 'the Kgyptlan farmer's- method are the same today that they -were during the first' dynasty. Looking upon -the remarkably -preserved features of a Barneses or a Set! in the, National museum In' Cairo, it Is.dlffl cult to realize that thousands of years have pawned since the mummies of these kings were . wrapped. Looking from a car window at he Nile vallev farmer growing his' crops.; it is 'more" difficult" tot realize that this Is the Twentieth century and that he Ts cultivating land that grows from two to four crops a year. . .; -. -- . . :. . ; , ' Shadoof Man at Work. 4w I Bjr' FREDERIC i. HASKIN. (Copyright 110 by Frederic. J. Haekln.) ,; I Washington, -June 1 J. An 'axiom of agricultural America is that a look at the land is a. key to-the-welfare of the ! tillers of the soli. If the "dirf. is rich , Its productivity is always reflected in the prosperity of the farming commun ity. This-1 not true of Egypt. The sou or the, Nile valley-has responded liberally to every tickling of the hoe for seventy centuries, yet the vast ma , Jority of those -who farm ; its fertile acres today live in mud huts. The ex planation lies partly in the fact that toe population or Mlleland has always been dense, but in a greater measure the condition of the Egyptian farmer js-aue to. nts having been oppressed by i despotic rulers and unequal taxation since1- prehistoric times. Singularly ienough the reign of Ismail Pasha, who reduced the fellaheen to the greatest ex treme -of poverty, opened the way for the ultimate deliverance of the Egyptian .farmer from everlasting bondage. x Oraft Za Prehistoric In a purely agricultural country it is difficult for bad -government to hrlnir about ruin to the people as long as the .tyrant Is unable to raise- funds save by extorting- money from his subjects. When oppression becomes Intolerable there is a change of government and quick ' recovery. It was when Ismail Pasha learned .how to borrow money tn Europe, upon his country's "I. O. U, . that collapse resulted and the people found themselves under a debt which their descendants- must pay. But for T000-yearsj before Ismail's reign, bad government had always made the farm ers the bearers Of the financial burdens pf Egypt and slaves to a system of graft, beginning with- the headmen of Villages and extending to the throne. Today the English point with pride to . Along the canals that convey' water from the Nile to the farms ' there are seen the same devloes'for lifting water that wets tn use when the earliest mon uments of. Eivnt were butlded. The shadoof Is a contrivance consisting of a pole which rests upoa a pivot, with a bucket at one end and a weight at the other.;, The man at the shadoof dips water from the canal, bucketful by bucketful, tipping the bucket above a smaller canal. IS feet above the level of the larger one. He works for 10 cents a day, two piasters in Egyptian money, and : never goes on strike . for higher wages. He seldom misses a day's work and rarely Droves unreliable in any way. For countless generations of oppressed ancestors he Inherits patience, humble ness and .habits of hard labor. He lifts some 1600 tons of water during the dry season. ' . When the weather Is warm he , wears nothing more, than a loin cloth and bis wardrobe la not ex ?enslve at any season. -. He and his amily live upon what the average American working man would spend for tobacco. ,.. - ,v ... Invented by Old Archimedes. Another apparatus for lifting water to tne news is tne screw or Arcnimeaes. The name suaresta Its ancient orlrin. It Is a wooden tube with a SDiral flange inside. Turned with a crank, it brings a stream of water to a level about two feet higher than Its lower end. The. more prosperous farmers employ water wheels. The patient . water buffalo. turning the water wheel without being driven, is as dependable, and almost as poorlv fed, as the -fellah who works at V. - Y. .1 II. t-n1..tim I. . 4.. ,WU ,1111,11,0 111,, It,- strhct of unceasing toil. Sometimes two buffaloes, or a buffalo and -a camel. are used to turn a water wheel. There are a few wealthy landowners, for the most part Turco-Egyptlans. who are using -steam pumps, but the farmers who employ modern methods of getting water from the irrigation ditches are still a small minority. Ouardlng the Dykes. One advantage nossessed bv the Nil valley farmer is that he tloes not have to wait upon rain. Like' the man who cultivates the reclaimed ; soil of the Irrigated southwest,' he. can count upon certain quantity f products, repre senting the net result -of ' soil and sun and of water applied tn the right quan tity -and ai the. right time. But during the- period of ' the greatest Inundation the Egyptian farmer must be upon his , O MAN'S LIFE IS FULL OF TROUBLE AND ' TEMPTATION. HE COMES - INTO THIS : j .WORLD .-WITHOUT HIS CONSENT AND ' -GOES OUT OF IT AGAINST HIS WILL HIS ' JOURNEY THROUGH LIFE IS ROCKY AND BESET WITH; STRANGE AND-CONTRADICTORY EXPERIENCES. 'WHEN HE IS LITTLE , THE BIG. GIRLS KISS HIM, AND WHEN HE IS BIG THE LITTLE GIRLS KISS HIM. WHEN HE-IS A BOY HE WISHES HE -WERE A MAN . AND WHEN HE IS A MAN HE- .AVISHES. HE", WERE A .BOY AGAIN. IF HE RAISED A LARGE -FAMILY -HE IS A CHUMP. IF HE ! RAISES A CHECK, HE IS A THIEF. IF HE IS POOR, HE IS A BAp MANAGER, AND IF HE !j IS RICH, HE IS DISHONEST. IF HE IS' IN POLITICS, IT IS FOR GRAFT, AND IF HE IS OUT OF POLITICS YOU CAN'T PLACE HIM, AND HE IS KO GOOD TO HIS COUNTRY. IF HE GIVES TO CHARITY, IT IS FOR v SHOW, AND IF HE DOES NOT. GIVE HE IS A .-. STINGYCUSS, tF HE DIES YOUNG, THERE - ; WAS A GREAT FUTURE BEFORE HIM, AND- " IF HE LIVES TO AN OLD AGE HE MISSED HIS CALLING. IF HE IS ACTIVE IN RELIG- , ION, HE IS Ar HYPOCRITE, AND IF HE TAKES. NO, INTEREST. IN RELIGIOUS MAT- ' TERS HEMSiXlHARDENED; SINNER IF HE SHOWS AFFECTION, , 1 1 E . IS A: SOFT .SPECI- i"-. MEN, AND IF HE SHOWS NONE HE IS A COLD PROPOSITION. ' i " f IN qRDER TO ENJOY LIFE PROPERLY "I AND TO BE ALWAYS HEALTHY HE MUST - : i EAT, SMOKE - WHEN HE WANTS TO, SEE k THAT THE AIR' IS PROPERLY STERILIZED - VlsEFOREBREATHING AND DRINK "RHElk- . 5, . GOLD.' 4 i - . .-.-...;"..,'. " . - -: -. :iiy THE NEW DRAUGHT-BEER FOR, SALE AT ' BARS OF r THH HEADQUARTER SA 1 LOON; ?85 : ALDER STREET, HOF BRAU, f' OREGON GRILLE QUELLE.', r ' jffi"; .;- j.,rSt:- ' ' . :- v ' -" :: . -' ' THE HENRY WEINHARD BREWERY, ; IMIOMOAV IS SMHIRTr: DAY TOMORROW MORNING (MONDAY) WE PLACE ON V SALE 150 DOZEN SHIRTS, $1.50 AND $2.00 VALUESt -PRODUCTS OF CLUETT, PEABODY & CO., STAR SHIRT.CO AND OTHER HIGH-GRADE MANUFACT'RS. e Esidiii THESE SHIRTS COMPRISE OUR OWN LINE. TO WHICH WE ADD THE FINE LINE OF THE RICHARD SON COMPANY, AND INCLUDES EVERY SHIRT IN OUR STORE EXCEPT CONTRACT GOODS, v-j di wcdmtiri (H)F mm A AFFAMEL M MEM Bought From the A. J. Richardson Co ' All This Year's Seasonable Goods SELLING AT 65c ON :TEE DOLLAR , Added to this stock we are offering at sales prices our unapproachable line of Oregon Woolens . in. Summer and Outing Clothes for men and boys.; Every dollar of our stock will be sold be- . . fore the arrival of our fall merchandise. - Customers wno came to see the goods "are simply load- ed with parcels when they depart. . You will do the same when you see the goods and the prices. $50.00 Dress Suits -$40.00 Sack Suits -$35.00 Sack Suits -$30,00 Sack Suits - $33.50 S2G.50 $23.00 $20:50 $25.00 Sack Suits - $20.00 Sack Suits - $18.00 Sack Suits - $15.00 Sack Suits - - $16.50 - $13.50 - $12.35 - $10.00 STRAW HATS .92.25 .91.85 .51.25 $4.00 vtluea at.... $3.50 values at.... $3.00 valuea at.... $2.00 value, at.... $1J0 value, at.... SOFT AND STIFF HATS $5.00 Stetsons at....:.... f3.15 $5.00 various high-grade Hats f 3.15 $3.50 and $4.00 values at '.. .$2.65 $3.00 values at. . ......... .f 1.85 MEN'S TROUSERS $7.50 Vals. for $5,85 $6.50 Vals. for 4.75 $5.00 Vals. for 83,65 $!00Vais. for $2.85 MEN'S FURNISHINGS Richardson's $15 to $2.00 Golf Shirts at 5 Richardson's 50c to 75c Neck- ' wear at ,;35 Richardson's 50c to $1 light Un derwear. ... 30f . to 50J Richardson's Boston Garters at 15f SILK LISLE HOSE Richardson's Negligee Shirts, .f 1.15 Regular 25c to 50c vilue in all sizes and colors at, per pair. . .15 31duuftfsoa Co.'s BOo . avnd 75e NECKWEAR ITJ GRANT PHEGLEY . , SIAJfAOEB A CLOTfllERS FURNISHERS TAILORS Seventh and Stark VOSTXABTD. OB. BlChSfdlOB CO.'S . 500 - an4 7Se NECKWEAR A-Ht2. 13TH AND BURNSIDE: MAIN W. -I.-. 1 guard SKalnst storms. Egypt a,t that time Is a vast-lake thinly; veined wlttj dykes. Myriads of waterfowl males. their homo in this lake, while the farm lng"peopl live upon mounds and make the dvkea their roads. Violent hanges of temperature in the desert cause sud den windstorms In the valley,- An un protected dyke may be washed away or the water encroaching upon a village mav rmiaa the mud Jut to crumDie. Each village headman is under the re sponsibility of calling out his fellow vil lagers at the right time to guard. the dvkes. Bundles of millet stalks are used to strengthen them. on the. wind ward side when the waves are pounding them. The picture presentea today to the visitor In Egypt-is a real life re production of the - pictures - of dyke guarding carved upon monuments dat ing hack to Kameses tne ureat. JTo TTss ' to Bar. trp Money The well to do farmer In Egypt Is described as "a man who rides a horse. His. poorer neighbor Is content. to rids a donkey the size ot a western burro, or to walk. Produce Is sent to market In great panniers slung across the hack or a camel, or smaller ones on a aonKey. A camel laden with dark green Egypt Ian clover or a . donkey bearing what seems to be a hugs ornamental wreath of cauliflower, Is , a " picturesque sight in the streets or' an Egyptian city. Formerly, the farmer never expected to save a competency, mere was no en couragement to attempt to do so, be cause-as soon as, tt became known" or suspected that he had a little money In Mm -hut, a tax collector would appear, armed with a whip, and flog htm until he should give It up. This custom was still in effect when farmers In the American west, who had homesteaded virgin prairie land, were beginning to send -their sons to colleges and their daughters to fashionable., boarding schools or to travet n Europe to fin ish tnelr education, Other' Ajnirloaa Comparisons. While reforms in government will result in a great Improvement in the welfare of the Egyptian farmer, the limited area of arable Egypt and the density f population will prevent the average farm front becoming the large establishment - common in agricultural America. Upon the map.- Egypt - is about twice as large as Texas; .But till- able Egypt lwahout one-fourth as large as Kentucky. If the entire population of the United States were, massed in Nevada, that state would be as densely peopled as tne Nile valley. The pest farming, land In Egypt sells for no more In dollars and - cents than good land In America. It is relatively higher because dollars and cents are difficult to acquire where working man toils is days for a dollar. Because of the misgovernment of Is- rmatl Pasha,-effecta--of-whtch must toe very gradually removed, the public debt per capita la about five times as large is that or the united (states in actual figures. The relatively small enlng capacity per capita of course makes the real difference very much greater. The -grandchildren or Egyptian Termers 'of the present generation will stagger un der a part of this tiurdpn. But there Is at least daylight ahead under a -civilised form of government which alma at the gradual reduction or taxes. . Habitations of Farmers. Egypt Is without farm houses, tn the American sense ot the term. - Most -of the wealthy land Owners live In the larger cities. The small farmers' live In villages composed chiefly of two classes of. dwellings, squalid mud huts and more squalid mud huts. There are also a few tents that "resemble the tents of Abraham. . Another' style of residence Is the round "tepee'v which modern en terprise has recently introduced. While the "tepee" Is fast disappearing from the plains of the American -west, it is an Innovation in Egypt.- A group of these tents In the middle distance, with a group of pyramids on the - horizon, looks Ilk a picture of North American Indian life superimposed .upon ran Egyptian-landscape. ' ; : ';- The poorest "'negro farmer . In one of the southern stales lives in a. log cabin or "box" house that Is a model of lux ury compared with the domicile of mil lions of Egyptians. The avers gOi farm house In America would be called a pal are by-the Egyptian. And Ntleland, which was under cultivation S000 or 7000 tears betore . the discovery of America. Is: so rich thst iQ. op 70 enf EflGtHEER'S REPORT OH STEAM ROLLERS City Engineer Recommend ed the Buffalo Pitts Roll ers in Preference to Others.- ' , BoUst Beport June 11. 1909. Committee of Streets of the Executive Board, Gentlemen: In the matter of road rollers I Wish to report that owing to delay In the arrival of 10-ton gasoline roller I was not able to get the different rollers to- ? ether for the purpose of making a est until May 13. Bancroft avenue, between Front and Ohio streets has a 20 per cent grade and has recently been improved with, crushed rock and filled with' bank gravel screenings and on that account tt was deemed advisable to try the rollers at this point, making a, very severe test. On May 12 the Buffalo Holler com pany brought to this 'Street a Standard 0-ton r roller which, however, it Is claimed actually weighs 12 tons. The rear rollers were 69 Inches tn diameter with a 2.4 Inch face. This roller had no trouble in going up the 20 per cent grade. The Contractor's Supply com pany! furnished a Monarch roller, stand ard 10 tons with rear rollers 66 Inches In diameter with a 20 Inch face. This roller was able to climb the grade to within about 100 -or 110 feet from the top. of the hill, but could get no fur ther. - The Buffalo Pitts having rear rollers of much greater width than the Monarch' roller I suggested to Mr. Evans, manager of the Buffalo Pitts company, to send one of his rollers wlt'n a 20 Inch face In order to make a fair comparative test. The following morn ing Mr. Evans sent out a Buffalo Pitts roller with rear rollers of 18 Inch' face. Beal & Co. also sent out a 10 ton gaso line motor rouer. un Barner A8Dha.it company, sent out a 10 ton Iroquois roller, this iroller, however, not being new Bui navina- seen . consiaerame ser vice. The gasoline roller went up the 20 er : cent grade occupying 6 minutes Ime from Front to Ohio streets. The Buffalo Pitts roller, with IS Inert face rear rollers, was not able to ascend the nin any rurtner or possibly not quite as far an the Monareh; while the Iro quois roller only ascended about 60 feet and after repeated trials took their roller off the" street. The gasoline roller in returning home met with an sccldent, getting away from the en gineer and running Into a 'telephone pole breaking the casting, necessitating sufficient delay In which to get these repairs maae.' On Mav 28 on East Sixth street from Hawthorne north I tried otit four roll ers In Picking u-j an old sravel street. Each roller was given a separate block. Same on each. The gasoline roller did not do as much good In picking up the street ss the other rollers. This Is' pos. slbly owing to the fact that their picks were oulte short, about three Inchoa In length. The same Monarch roller was also tried out on another block. The Buffalo Pitts Roller rnmnnnv furnlahed one Standard 10 ton roller, actual weight claimed IS tons, and slso fnmlsaed a nominal els-ht ton roller which they claim the actual weight of is zu.vuu: pounas.- on May 79 tne rollers were tested with ton surface crushed rock street having bank gravel screen ings for a filler. .Each roller was given a block and the conditions were tiractl- cally the same on each. Owing to a meeting 'I was unable to be present at the time but left the rollers in charae of Mr, Hanaon, deputy, engineer, who made a report on the same of which Is attached- hereto. Each of the steam rollers wssglven , 400 pounds ef coal. They were In operation three hours and seven minutes In usintr uo this coal. and In the same time according to Mr. Hanson s report: the gasoline roller used up $-.! gallons of gasoline. ;. The cost of the, fuel for each of the steam - -rollers was ll.SO during this time: while the-- cost of ' the trannllne was 11.43. The heavy Burraio.- put work. The lighter Buffalo Pitts fol lowed next, and then the Monarch. Based on this report It would appear, that the Buffalo Pitts heavy roller, or what is known as the Standard 10 ton roller, would be the most economical for thedty to purchase. If the board has- decided to purchase one of these rollers I would recommend that the rear rollers have a 24 inch face. Yours respectfully, CITY ENGINEER. Order of Executive Board. Portland, Or.. June 11. To ttee Ex ecutive Board of the'Clty of Portland: Gentlemen: Your committee on streets to whom was referred the annexed bids for furnishing road rollers having had the same under consideration, respect fully recommend thatthe city purchase one Buffalo Pitts 10lori"oid roller, weight 24,000 pounds, at $3250. Also one gasoline road roller at $3160, upon condition that satisfactory guar antee is made that the quantity of gas oline required to operate the roadroller Khali not exceed 16 gallons for each eight hours' operation and that the said roller proves satisfactory after 30 days' trla" for - furnlshln and that all other bids said rnari rnllorai .. rejected ana me certified checks sub mitted, with the rejected proposals he returned to the respective bidders. "Re speglfully. submitted,,, , ( ISAAC SWETT, Committee on Streets. It will bo noted that, the executive board ordered the Buffalo Pitts roller direct without any conditions, while the gasoline machine ws taken on 30 days trial, during which Its consump tion Is not. to exceed 16 gallons per day. KEEP COOL BOHN SYPHON REFRIGERATORS Economical in the Consumption ot Ice WHITE ENAMELED AND FULLY GUARANTEED - - , n " IL. V, letlttirrtTntfiMiit. MILK AND -BUTTER PLACED ON THE LOWER SHELVES WILL NOT ' ABSORB THE ODOR OF ONIONS, . CHEESE, , FISH, MELONS OR BANANAS WHEN YOU BUY turies-'of cultivation has not dcpietwl I made verv much better lime than -either ! it. . i, w of the other rollers and did effective A GARLAND GAS RANGE IS A BLESSING TO THE HOUSEWIFE WHO IS COMPELLED TO . STAND OVER A HOT COOK STOVE IN WARM WEATHER GARLAND GAS RANGES AND PERFECTION OIL STOVES BUY THE BEST E TI?E PERFECTION OIL STOVE IS JUST THE THING FOR-THOSE WHO ARE NOT SUPPLIED " WITH GAS. AN EXCELLENT SUBSTITUTE FOR A GAS STOVE. GARDEN HOSE us. When you need Garden Hose, Lawn Sprinklers, Hose Nozzles, call and see WE HAVE THE LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTMENT 1 N THE CITY, FOURTH AND ALDER STREETS . 'PORTLAND, OREGON
