THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, " SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 13, 1909,
FAR
fJIL'G LIFE
, IIJ IE
!''- ..... '
Infernal torment the Fel
lah's Lot Kinc Prehistoric
, TimesPoorest ; American
1 , a Nabob byjComparison
Better Day Coming:. -
'interrupting -now the series on
Egypt. Mr. Maskln's "article on
th : 'great : Pan-Presbyterian ' Al
liance 'will be' introduced m view
of the Convention of the alliance
that will " opem at New . York
Monday, Besides' (atln; ths,
object of the alliance and de.
tails of Its organisation and
growth, Mr,, Haakln takes occas
ion to review-the life, labors and
philosophy of John Calvin, the
founder of Presvyterlanlsm. .
,
...
-
,
the fact that tha fellah approaches the
dawning of a better day.- .
Urea the "Corvee" Ameliorated. I ,
Formerly "the - Egyptian farmer was
flogged with the "courbasfi". when ha
protested against paying ruinous taxes,
part ; of wUlch the tax collector stole
and the rest of which, went to the
khedive. :Kvn so recent a - ruler : as
Ismail used the rourbash whenever he
needed , money. - The farmer was also
driven by the whip to labor upon publio
works or till crown lands, or the, lands
of court" favorites, without pay, - Now
adays taxes are levied as they are In
European countries, and the system of
graft is obsolete. All that is left of the
corvee, the system of enforced labor.
Is that the fellaheen must guard his
dvkea during the season of Inundation.
The Introduction'Of perennial Irrigation i
has greatly reduced the need Tor- labor
on the dykes. Jt is believed that within
a few years it will not be necessary to
call out the corvee except in seasons
of- exceptionally high" Nile. In 1801,
for the first time in, the history of
the country, no corvee was called out
' - Tanning as la Barneses Time. :
' But'liD tooths oresent time the bene
fits that have accrded to the Egyptians
have not visibly affected the nature of
rarmfng operations.' Tvhlle there are ex
ceptions to the-rule; 'the Kgyptlan farmer's-
method are the same today that
they -were during the first' dynasty.
Looking upon -the remarkably -preserved
features of a Barneses or a Set! in the,
National museum In' Cairo, it Is.dlffl
cult to realize that thousands of years
have pawned since the mummies of these
kings were . wrapped. Looking from a
car window at he Nile vallev farmer
growing his' crops.; it is 'more" difficult"
tot realize that this Is the Twentieth
century and that he Ts cultivating land
that grows from two to four crops a
year. . .; -. -- . . :. . ; , '
Shadoof Man at Work.
4w
I Bjr' FREDERIC i. HASKIN.
(Copyright 110 by Frederic. J. Haekln.)
,; I Washington, -June 1 J. An 'axiom of
agricultural America is that a look at
the land is a. key to-the-welfare of the
! tillers of the soli. If the "dirf. is rich
, Its productivity is always reflected in
the prosperity of the farming commun
ity. This-1 not true of Egypt. The
sou or the, Nile valley-has responded
liberally to every tickling of the hoe
for seventy centuries, yet the vast ma
, Jority of those -who farm ; its fertile
acres today live in mud huts. The ex
planation lies partly in the fact that
toe population or Mlleland has always
been dense, but in a greater measure
the condition of the Egyptian farmer
js-aue to. nts having been oppressed by
i despotic rulers and unequal taxation
since1- prehistoric times. Singularly
ienough the reign of Ismail Pasha, who
reduced the fellaheen to the greatest ex
treme -of poverty, opened the way for
the ultimate deliverance of the Egyptian
.farmer from everlasting bondage.
x Oraft Za Prehistoric
In a purely agricultural country it
is difficult for bad -government to hrlnir
about ruin to the people as long as the
.tyrant Is unable to raise- funds save by
extorting- money from his subjects.
When oppression becomes Intolerable
there is a change of government and
quick ' recovery. It was when Ismail
Pasha learned .how to borrow money tn
Europe, upon his country's "I. O. U,
. that collapse resulted and the people
found themselves under a debt which
their descendants- must pay. But for
T000-yearsj before Ismail's reign, bad
government had always made the farm
ers the bearers Of the financial burdens
pf Egypt and slaves to a system of
graft, beginning with- the headmen of
Villages and extending to the throne.
Today the English point with pride to
. Along the canals that convey' water
from the Nile to the farms ' there are
seen the same devloes'for lifting water
that wets tn use when the earliest mon
uments of. Eivnt were butlded. The
shadoof Is a contrivance consisting of a
pole which rests upoa a pivot, with a
bucket at one end and a weight at the
other.;, The man at the shadoof dips
water from the canal, bucketful by
bucketful, tipping the bucket above a
smaller canal. IS feet above the level of
the larger one. He works for 10 cents
a day, two piasters in Egyptian money,
and : never goes on strike . for higher
wages. He seldom misses a day's work
and rarely Droves unreliable in any way.
For countless generations of oppressed
ancestors he Inherits patience, humble
ness and .habits of hard labor. He
lifts some 1600 tons of water during
the dry season. ' . When the weather Is
warm he , wears nothing more, than a
loin cloth and bis wardrobe la not ex
?enslve at any season. -. He and his
amily live upon what the average
American working man would spend for
tobacco. ,.. - ,v ...
Invented by Old Archimedes.
Another apparatus for lifting water to
tne news is tne screw or Arcnimeaes.
The name suaresta Its ancient orlrin.
It Is a wooden tube with a SDiral flange
inside. Turned with a crank, it brings
a stream of water to a level about two
feet higher than Its lower end. The.
more prosperous farmers employ water
wheels. The patient . water buffalo.
turning the water wheel without being
driven, is as dependable, and almost as
poorlv fed, as the -fellah who works at
V. - Y. .1 II. t-n1..tim I. . 4..
,WU ,1111,11,0 111,, It,-
strhct of unceasing toil. Sometimes two
buffaloes, or a buffalo and -a camel.
are used to turn a water wheel. There
are a few wealthy landowners, for the
most part Turco-Egyptlans. who are
using -steam pumps, but the farmers
who employ modern methods of getting
water from the irrigation ditches are
still a small minority.
Ouardlng the Dykes.
One advantage nossessed bv the Nil
valley farmer is that he tloes not have
to wait upon rain. Like' the man who
cultivates the reclaimed ; soil of the
Irrigated southwest,' he. can count upon
certain quantity f products, repre
senting the net result -of ' soil and sun
and of water applied tn the right quan
tity -and ai the. right time. But during
the- period of ' the greatest Inundation
the Egyptian farmer must be upon his
, O MAN'S LIFE IS FULL OF TROUBLE AND
' TEMPTATION. HE COMES - INTO THIS
: j .WORLD .-WITHOUT HIS CONSENT AND '
-GOES OUT OF IT AGAINST HIS WILL HIS
' JOURNEY THROUGH LIFE IS ROCKY AND
BESET WITH; STRANGE AND-CONTRADICTORY
EXPERIENCES. 'WHEN HE IS LITTLE ,
THE BIG. GIRLS KISS HIM, AND WHEN HE
IS BIG THE LITTLE GIRLS KISS HIM. WHEN
HE-IS A BOY HE WISHES HE -WERE A MAN .
AND WHEN HE IS A MAN HE- .AVISHES. HE",
WERE A .BOY AGAIN. IF HE RAISED A
LARGE -FAMILY -HE IS A CHUMP. IF HE
! RAISES A CHECK, HE IS A THIEF. IF HE IS
POOR, HE IS A BAp MANAGER, AND IF HE
!j IS RICH, HE IS DISHONEST. IF HE IS' IN
POLITICS, IT IS FOR GRAFT, AND IF HE IS
OUT OF POLITICS YOU CAN'T PLACE HIM,
AND HE IS KO GOOD TO HIS COUNTRY.
IF HE GIVES TO CHARITY, IT IS FOR
v SHOW, AND IF HE DOES NOT. GIVE HE IS A
.-. STINGYCUSS, tF HE DIES YOUNG, THERE - ;
WAS A GREAT FUTURE BEFORE HIM, AND- "
IF HE LIVES TO AN OLD AGE HE MISSED
HIS CALLING. IF HE IS ACTIVE IN RELIG- ,
ION, HE IS Ar HYPOCRITE, AND IF HE
TAKES. NO, INTEREST. IN RELIGIOUS MAT-
' TERS HEMSiXlHARDENED; SINNER IF HE
SHOWS AFFECTION, , 1 1 E . IS A: SOFT .SPECI- i"-.
MEN, AND IF HE SHOWS NONE HE IS A
COLD PROPOSITION. ' i "
f IN qRDER TO ENJOY LIFE PROPERLY
"I AND TO BE ALWAYS HEALTHY HE MUST - :
i EAT, SMOKE - WHEN HE WANTS TO, SEE
k THAT THE AIR' IS PROPERLY STERILIZED
- VlsEFOREBREATHING AND DRINK "RHElk- .
5, . GOLD.' 4 i - . .-.-...;"..,'. " . - -: -.
:iiy THE NEW DRAUGHT-BEER FOR, SALE AT '
BARS OF r THH HEADQUARTER SA 1
LOON; ?85 : ALDER STREET, HOF BRAU,
f' OREGON GRILLE QUELLE.', r ' jffi"; .;-
j.,rSt:- ' ' . :- v ' -" :: . -' '
THE HENRY WEINHARD BREWERY, ;
IMIOMOAV IS SMHIRTr: DAY
TOMORROW MORNING (MONDAY) WE PLACE ON V
SALE 150 DOZEN SHIRTS, $1.50 AND $2.00 VALUESt -PRODUCTS
OF CLUETT, PEABODY & CO., STAR
SHIRT.CO AND OTHER HIGH-GRADE MANUFACT'RS.
e Esidiii
THESE SHIRTS COMPRISE OUR OWN LINE. TO
WHICH WE ADD THE FINE LINE OF THE RICHARD
SON COMPANY, AND INCLUDES EVERY SHIRT IN
OUR STORE EXCEPT CONTRACT GOODS,
v-j
di wcdmtiri (H)F mm
A AFFAMEL M MEM
Bought From the A. J. Richardson Co ' All This Year's Seasonable Goods
SELLING AT 65c ON :TEE DOLLAR
, Added to this stock we are offering at sales prices our unapproachable line of Oregon Woolens .
in. Summer and Outing Clothes for men and boys.; Every dollar of our stock will be sold be- .
. fore the arrival of our fall merchandise. - Customers wno came to see the goods "are simply load-
ed with parcels when they depart. . You will do the same when you see the goods and the prices.
$50.00 Dress Suits -$40.00
Sack Suits -$35.00
Sack Suits -$30,00
Sack Suits -
$33.50
S2G.50
$23.00
$20:50
$25.00 Sack Suits -
$20.00 Sack Suits -
$18.00 Sack Suits -
$15.00 Sack Suits -
- $16.50
- $13.50
- $12.35
- $10.00
STRAW HATS
.92.25
.91.85
.51.25
$4.00 vtluea at....
$3.50 values at....
$3.00 valuea at....
$2.00 value, at....
$1J0 value, at....
SOFT AND STIFF HATS
$5.00 Stetsons at....:.... f3.15
$5.00 various high-grade Hats f 3.15
$3.50 and $4.00 values at '.. .$2.65
$3.00 values at. . ......... .f 1.85
MEN'S TROUSERS
$7.50 Vals. for $5,85
$6.50 Vals. for 4.75
$5.00 Vals. for 83,65
$!00Vais. for $2.85
MEN'S FURNISHINGS
Richardson's $15 to $2.00 Golf
Shirts at 5
Richardson's 50c to 75c Neck-
' wear at ,;35
Richardson's 50c to $1 light Un
derwear. ... 30f . to 50J
Richardson's Boston Garters at 15f
SILK LISLE HOSE
Richardson's Negligee Shirts, .f 1.15
Regular 25c to 50c vilue in all
sizes and colors at, per pair. . .15
31duuftfsoa
Co.'s BOo
. avnd 75e
NECKWEAR
ITJ
GRANT PHEGLEY
. , SIAJfAOEB
A
CLOTfllERS FURNISHERS TAILORS
Seventh and Stark
VOSTXABTD. OB.
BlChSfdlOB
CO.'S . 500 -
an4 7Se
NECKWEAR
A-Ht2.
13TH AND BURNSIDE: MAIN W.
-I.-.
1
guard SKalnst storms. Egypt a,t that
time Is a vast-lake thinly; veined wlttj
dykes. Myriads of waterfowl males.
their homo in this lake, while the farm
lng"peopl live upon mounds and make
the dvkea their roads. Violent hanges
of temperature in the desert cause sud
den windstorms In the valley,- An un
protected dyke may be washed away
or the water encroaching upon a village
mav rmiaa the mud Jut to crumDie.
Each village headman is under the re
sponsibility of calling out his fellow vil
lagers at the right time to guard. the
dvkes. Bundles of millet stalks are
used to strengthen them. on the. wind
ward side when the waves are pounding
them. The picture presentea today to
the visitor In Egypt-is a real life re
production of the - pictures - of dyke
guarding carved upon monuments dat
ing hack to Kameses tne ureat.
JTo TTss ' to Bar. trp Money
The well to do farmer In Egypt Is
described as "a man who rides a horse.
His. poorer neighbor Is content. to rids
a donkey the size ot a western burro,
or to walk. Produce Is sent to market
In great panniers slung across the hack
or a camel, or smaller ones on a aonKey.
A camel laden with dark green Egypt
Ian clover or a . donkey bearing what
seems to be a hugs ornamental wreath
of cauliflower, Is , a " picturesque sight
in the streets or' an Egyptian city.
Formerly, the farmer never expected to
save a competency, mere was no en
couragement to attempt to do so, be
cause-as soon as, tt became known" or
suspected that he had a little money In
Mm -hut, a tax collector would appear,
armed with a whip, and flog htm until
he should give It up. This custom was
still in effect when farmers In the
American west, who had homesteaded
virgin prairie land, were beginning to
send -their sons to colleges and their
daughters to fashionable., boarding
schools or to travet n Europe to fin
ish tnelr education,
Other' Ajnirloaa Comparisons.
While reforms in government will
result in a great Improvement in the
welfare of the Egyptian farmer, the
limited area of arable Egypt and the
density f population will prevent the
average farm front becoming the large
establishment - common in agricultural
America. Upon the map.- Egypt - is
about twice as large as Texas; .But till-
able Egypt lwahout one-fourth as large
as Kentucky. If the entire population
of the United States were, massed in
Nevada, that state would be as densely
peopled as tne Nile valley. The pest
farming, land In Egypt sells for no
more In dollars and - cents than good
land In America. It is relatively higher
because dollars and cents are difficult
to acquire where working man toils
is days for a dollar.
Because of the misgovernment of Is-
rmatl Pasha,-effecta--of-whtch must toe
very gradually removed, the public debt
per capita la about five times as large
is that or the united (states in actual
figures. The relatively small enlng
capacity per capita of course makes the
real difference very much greater. The
-grandchildren or Egyptian Termers 'of
the present generation will stagger un
der a part of this tiurdpn. But there
Is at least daylight ahead under a -civilised
form of government which alma
at the gradual reduction or taxes.
. Habitations of Farmers.
Egypt Is without farm houses, tn the
American sense ot the term. - Most -of
the wealthy land Owners live In the
larger cities. The small farmers' live
In villages composed chiefly of two
classes of. dwellings, squalid mud huts
and more squalid mud huts. There are
also a few tents that "resemble the tents
of Abraham. . Another' style of residence
Is the round "tepee'v which modern en
terprise has recently introduced. While
the "tepee" Is fast disappearing from
the plains of the American -west, it is
an Innovation in Egypt.- A group of
these tents In the middle distance, with
a group of pyramids on the - horizon,
looks Ilk a picture of North American
Indian life superimposed .upon ran
Egyptian-landscape. ' ; : ';-
The poorest "'negro farmer . In one of
the southern stales lives in a. log cabin
or "box" house that Is a model of lux
ury compared with the domicile of mil
lions of Egyptians. The avers gOi farm
house In America would be called a pal
are by-the Egyptian. And Ntleland,
which was under cultivation S000 or
7000 tears betore . the discovery of
America. Is: so rich thst iQ. op 70 enf
EflGtHEER'S REPORT
OH STEAM ROLLERS
City Engineer Recommend
ed the Buffalo Pitts Roll
ers in Preference to
Others.- ' ,
BoUst Beport
June 11. 1909.
Committee of Streets of the Executive
Board, Gentlemen:
In the matter of road rollers I Wish
to report that owing to delay In the
arrival of 10-ton gasoline roller I was
not able to get the different rollers to-
? ether for the purpose of making a
est until May 13. Bancroft avenue,
between Front and Ohio streets has a
20 per cent grade and has recently been
improved with, crushed rock and filled
with' bank gravel screenings and on
that account tt was deemed advisable
to try the rollers at this point, making
a, very severe test.
On May 12 the Buffalo Holler com
pany brought to this 'Street a Standard
0-ton r roller which, however, it Is
claimed actually weighs 12 tons. The
rear rollers were 69 Inches tn diameter
with a 2.4 Inch face. This roller had
no trouble in going up the 20 per cent
grade. The Contractor's Supply com
pany! furnished a Monarch roller, stand
ard 10 tons with rear rollers 66 Inches
In diameter with a 20 Inch face. This
roller was able to climb the grade to
within about 100 -or 110 feet from the
top. of the hill, but could get no fur
ther. - The Buffalo Pitts having rear
rollers of much greater width than the
Monarch' roller I suggested to Mr.
Evans, manager of the Buffalo Pitts
company, to send one of his rollers wlt'n
a 20 Inch face In order to make a fair
comparative test. The following morn
ing Mr. Evans sent out a Buffalo Pitts
roller with rear rollers of 18 Inch' face.
Beal & Co. also sent out a 10 ton gaso
line motor rouer. un Barner A8Dha.it
company, sent out a 10 ton Iroquois
roller, this iroller, however, not being
new Bui navina- seen . consiaerame ser
vice.
The gasoline roller went up the 20
er : cent grade occupying 6 minutes
Ime from Front to Ohio streets. The
Buffalo Pitts roller, with IS Inert face
rear rollers, was not able to ascend the
nin any rurtner or possibly not quite
as far an the Monareh; while the Iro
quois roller only ascended about 60
feet and after repeated trials took their
roller off the" street. The gasoline
roller in returning home met with an
sccldent, getting away from the en
gineer and running Into a 'telephone
pole breaking the casting, necessitating
sufficient delay In which to get these
repairs maae.'
On Mav 28 on East Sixth street from
Hawthorne north I tried otit four roll
ers In Picking u-j an old sravel street.
Each roller was given a separate block.
Same on each. The gasoline roller did
not do as much good In picking up the
street ss the other rollers. This Is' pos.
slbly owing to the fact that their picks
were oulte short, about three Inchoa
In length. The same Monarch roller
was also tried out on another block.
The Buffalo Pitts Roller rnmnnnv
furnlahed one Standard 10 ton roller,
actual weight claimed IS tons, and slso
fnmlsaed a nominal els-ht ton roller
which they claim the actual weight of
is zu.vuu: pounas.- on May 79 tne rollers
were tested with ton surface crushed
rock street having bank gravel screen
ings for a filler. .Each roller was given
a block and the conditions were tiractl-
cally the same on each. Owing to a
meeting 'I was unable to be present at
the time but left the rollers in charae
of Mr, Hanaon, deputy, engineer, who
made a report on the same of which Is
attached- hereto. Each of the steam
rollers wssglven , 400 pounds ef coal.
They were In operation three hours and
seven minutes In usintr uo this coal.
and In the same time according to Mr.
Hanson s report: the gasoline roller
used up $-.! gallons of gasoline. ;.
The cost of the, fuel for each of the
steam - -rollers was ll.SO during this
time: while the-- cost of ' the trannllne
was 11.43. The heavy Burraio.- put
work. The lighter Buffalo Pitts fol
lowed next, and then the Monarch.
Based on this report It would appear,
that the Buffalo Pitts heavy roller, or
what is known as the Standard 10 ton
roller, would be the most economical
for thedty to purchase.
If the board has- decided to purchase
one of these rollers I would recommend
that the rear rollers have a 24 inch
face. Yours respectfully,
CITY ENGINEER.
Order of Executive Board.
Portland, Or.. June 11. To ttee Ex
ecutive Board of the'Clty of Portland:
Gentlemen: Your committee on streets
to whom was referred the annexed bids
for furnishing road rollers having had
the same under consideration, respect
fully recommend thatthe city purchase
one Buffalo Pitts 10lori"oid roller,
weight 24,000 pounds, at $3250.
Also one gasoline road roller at $3160,
upon condition that satisfactory guar
antee is made that the quantity of gas
oline required to operate the roadroller
Khali not exceed 16 gallons for each
eight hours' operation and that the
said roller proves satisfactory after
30 days' trla"
for - furnlshln
and that all other bids
said rnari rnllorai ..
rejected ana me certified checks sub
mitted, with the rejected proposals he
returned to the respective bidders. "Re
speglfully. submitted,,, , (
ISAAC SWETT,
Committee on Streets.
It will bo noted that, the executive
board ordered the Buffalo Pitts roller
direct without any conditions, while
the gasoline machine ws taken on 30
days trial, during which Its consump
tion Is not. to exceed 16 gallons per day.
KEEP COOL
BOHN SYPHON REFRIGERATORS
Economical
in the
Consumption
ot Ice
WHITE
ENAMELED
AND
FULLY
GUARANTEED
- - , n "
IL. V, letlttirrtTntfiMiit.
MILK AND
-BUTTER
PLACED ON
THE LOWER
SHELVES
WILL NOT '
ABSORB
THE ODOR OF
ONIONS,
. CHEESE, ,
FISH,
MELONS OR
BANANAS
WHEN
YOU
BUY
turies-'of cultivation has not dcpietwl I made verv much better lime than -either !
it. . i, w of the other rollers and did effective
A GARLAND GAS
RANGE IS A
BLESSING TO THE
HOUSEWIFE
WHO IS
COMPELLED TO
. STAND OVER A
HOT COOK STOVE
IN WARM
WEATHER
GARLAND GAS RANGES AND
PERFECTION OIL STOVES
BUY
THE
BEST
E
TI?E PERFECTION
OIL STOVE IS
JUST THE THING
FOR-THOSE
WHO ARE NOT
SUPPLIED " WITH
GAS.
AN EXCELLENT
SUBSTITUTE FOR
A GAS STOVE.
GARDEN HOSE
us.
When you need Garden Hose, Lawn
Sprinklers, Hose Nozzles, call and see
WE HAVE THE LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTMENT 1 N THE CITY,
FOURTH AND ALDER STREETS . 'PORTLAND, OREGON