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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 9, 1908)
; v; THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, fortlawh ouriLJAx kukwimi raiiiwAKi y, i , , ii m ii . 1 " ' ' -w.r , .,,,...!,, ii i i . i r. , , i ,,,, . , . ,, - ill lvM?S ' AT Wst a7fsr& f&rtoor r?gfa Every Nation Feverishly Training bits fighting Men and Officers O HAPPENING of recent except those on the verge of actual conflict has aroused as much war talk as the present peaceful journey of the 'J merlcan battleship fleet to the Pactjic ocean. . Persons of equipoise and cool blood have accepted the assurances of the administration at fyashington that the battleship movement is, in simple effect, a practice cruise. But therefore many, in this country andEurope, who profess to see an ulterior motive and con fidently expect to see the great mass of fight ling ships. hurled against the so-called yellow peril, as embodied in the Japanese. : Right-minded people view the movement rtghtly. They are not unduly alarmed, either, by the increased activity of war preparations being made, more or less feverishly, by the majority of civilized nations. Still, that very activity and it is great at present -does not seem a fit sequel to a Hague Peace Confer- ence. " " . , Wars may come, of course, although with each passing year of good will and peace the danger seems more remote. In the meantime, acting upon the old adage that prevention is worth more than cure, the lead ing nations of the world are busy training young, men for the vocation of fighters. At this, time the method of training cadets for service in the various armies and navies is of especial interest. comlnu unduly alarmed. War ta auch a aerloua matter, considering all modern destructive agencies, that It would be a rash people. Indeed, to rush Into conflict without the utmost provocation. At the same time every advanced nation la busy training young men to the science of war, afield and afloat, and their methods, of instruction are of sufficient Interest to attract attention. Even Mexico has decided to establish a military school patterned closely after that of the United States at West Point Among the many sa-ylngs or Napoleon, one, "A man la not a soldier," lings true. There must be special prep aration for the art of war. Just as there la for the science of medicine or the practice of law. Experts agree that West Point has no equal among military colleges, Just as the Naval Academy at Annapo . 11a excels In training young men for service afloat. Twice as long as those of foreign schools Is the term of Instruction at West Point, and those who pass through the American Military Academy must survive examlna . tlons more severe than anything known abroad. Uncle Sam allows the Weet Point cadet $340 a year. The future soldier must not amok or use alcoholic bev erages of any kind. His spending money is limited to i a month "confectionery money." - ).n the course of the four years' term he is permit i to leave once on an extended holiday at the. end of ja -second year. There are no private servants to get out his clothes, attend to his room, shine his shoes or make his bed. as . In England and some other European countries he must do all these things himself.' His training la Spartan. MIDDIES RIGOROUSLY TRAINED Similar rigor Is maintained at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, where the midshipman draws an annual sal ary, as at West Point, but must take care of himself and his belongings. But while the young men at both schools are learning to take care of themselves, they are learn ing the most advanced Ideas of warfare that the world A knows. In England the Royal Military College at Band burst Is the training school for young men destined to .become officers In the Infantry and cavalry. That for artillery and engineering officers Is the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich; while the Osborne College trains young men for the navy. It. Is In the latter school that young Prince Edward, son of the prince of Wales, who will one day be come king of England, if he lives, Is now studying the ways of war at sea. Candidates for the English military colleges must be unmarried and. In the opinion of the Army Council, suit able to hold commissions. They must be under 18 years old upon admission. Once enrolled as cadets, they lead a luxurious life as compared with the young men at West Point. One and a half years Is the usual course the educa tion of the cadets ta supposed to be completed in the field. During this time the cadet gets leaves and vaca tions amounting to sixteen weeks. Unlike the American system, which pays cadets a yearly salary while study ing, that of England requires a tuition fee from the ma jority of the students. To defray the cost of uniform, each English cadet must deposit 1175 upon admission to the school. A cer tain number, nominated by the government, as an as sistance to the families of officers killed In war and for other reasons, pay no other admission fee. If the father never served In the army, however, the son must pay t750rnd this grades down to $300 for the sons of officers In active service jiot above the rank of major. Not long since an English magailne stated: "We understand that there are not more than 300 candidates for the examination for admission to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. At the last examination in June there were over 800 candidates; but since then there has been a qualifying examination for the militia and yeomanry, and that has weeded out many who would otherwise have presented themselves. At the same time, when we know, on the authority of the war minister, that he has decided to sdd 2000 officers to the regular forces, which means that the army is short of that number of officers. It is not very encouraging to find only 300 candidates presenting themselves for examination." The average number of young men at the Osborne Naval School is a little above 400 much under the num- I And when ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars, be' ye sot troubled, for such things must be, but the end Is Sot yet. Mark. 1J, viL T ISN'T neceseary to become troubled in recalling 1 all the recent rumors of war the mass of the peo ple has too much good sens for that but a brier review of predictions made within the last few ; months may add sn Interest to the following statement -showing how the leading nations are preparing their . . future generals and admirals for active service. Only a few days ago William T. Stead, the militant English editor, asserted: v i "Every Englishman is convinced that before many years Germany and England will have to fight for their -ambition to control the (g?as of Europe. : England is pre paring for ultimate war with Germany. Germany is as firmly convinced that England will attack her, and so is ; prejirarlng for war by spending millions in building a - navy that shall ultimately be as powerful as England's." This on top Of a seeming world belief that, despite all official protestations to the contrary, the United 'States and Japan will lead off in a general appeal to 'arms,- rJ'J;-i ' . ,'- Mr, Stead bases his belief upon the fact that, "In a time of profound peace, when Anglo-German relations are more friendly than ever before, th German govern- meet proposes to increase its naval and military expendi ture by $33,000,000 a year." That England is feverishly building Dreadnoughts she must build two, he says, to every one of Germany : Mr. Stead does not take into account as an irritant. - ' i ( ' f -. 'It poorer it is, of course, but worst of all is the dope you pr to mix up yourself of white lead, turpentine and 1IIDS5CU Uli, "imagine trying to 'mix' properly with It takes machines weighing tons to do properlyl DEPLETING THEIR EXCHEQUERS O Cited, too, is the fact that France is straining its ut most to raise funds for military equipment; that Russia . Is nearer the verge of revolution than ever before be cause of the enormous sums demanded by the csar for a rehabilitation f the navy and the strengthening of the -.,.lta,y has called for a greater budget for military purposes, and even Spain is struggling to acquire a new ' ??.ito-rl..c !h" ut ut'ot business by Dewey at Manila and the American guns at Santiago. . ii!pa XJifSf U.yu recallc w budget and added enough v 1-1. 2 JS?? ine "Wins; expenditure of 1200,000,000 E&VESS$ZS&&. Untted sut" ch.ef "or o'rdnSnSe. Sg?& &HoS& on military afi-airs and made a request Uiat he hv.m an appropriation of 14,000.000 with which to buy anf d ammunition for the regular army. Before that nnr.i Hell, chief of staff, had asked an arowpriauSn tin i 000,(00 to buy uniforms and field gear fof sao ooS en ' All these things are taken to mean that 'the Si. '. Istratlon desires to place the commissary, ordnance and equipment department of the army n a position to sun plv, equip and arm. at short notice, an army of so wo i men, if it should be found necessary to mobilize me ' This, on top of a bill introduced in the House by Rpprese-ntative Hobson, of Alabama, 'to provide a navy ndi .iuat for national defense.'' :U appropriates tso.ooo.-, t0 Bintually sfor the purpose ef constructing new battle- " h'in er" ot ll this, level-beaded paosla are not be- VER the front of an attractive-looking little store in Grand Rapids, Mich., is a sign that has puzzled many visitors to that enterprising city. It reads : "The Misses Blanchard, Whipple & White, Faint Specialists." In these, days of progress and commercialism women engage on an equal footing with men in many enterprises and undertakings. - But what, in the name of mystery and femininity correlated terms are "paint specialists"! Not women who paint their cheeks or those of others heaven forbid! If such deceits are prac tices, surely the practice would not be blazoned to the world on a sign board. What, then, is the peculiar occupation that has won, these three young women prominence throughout their state and a recognition in other states f stick what irf Kn. air. your paint wasn't good. And we not onlv ruarantna this paint but we guarantee It to last. We do the work ourselves, and we won't sell you cheap paint. Tou've got to buy good paint of us, or none. Vve can only guarantee the work of good paint." Conceive of this being handed out to you by a slender, brown-eyed young woman, with lovely brown hair and as pretty a face as you would cars to look uponl "We do the work ourselves!" , That Is wherein these young women show their dar ing. Each of the three takes her turn In the store, where they are assisted by a clerk. One girl works in the store for a week, and then is outside for two weeks. And during those two weeks she is doing the actual work of painting, each of the young women at the same time be ing assisted by an experienced man painter, who is di rectly under their supervision. . "We don't do ordinary painting," says Miss Whipple, "and we charge accordingly. We have a scale or our own, and don't belong to any union. No one of us can do as much work as a strong man, but we charge $4 a day. And It's worth lt'r Y Tou go to one of these young women and say, "I want my house painted." If you have your color4n mind you teil her of them. In company, two of who "scientists" then visit the building. That building be comes, In fact, their "patient." They first notice all of the surroundings, and they form a "paint scheme" for the owner, showing him in what dress that certain house will be most attractive. OF ARTISTIC TASTES The young women have artistic tastes, Miss Whipple being a clever worker in water colors. In other words, they give that certain house a style or fashion of its own. and evolve ideas for the owner that are worth several time more than the extra charge they seem to make in their "14 a day." And the color scheme Is not all. The material of the house Itself Is then examined. Perhaps it is in such shape that it needs more oil than the house next door, or there may be something else that need's especial atten tion. Anyway, these pretty and hustling young women1. at the work, as Miss 'Whipple says, T'ln a thorough. go I T ISN'T stretching a point to say thae Misses Ross Blanchard, Agnbs Whipple and Caroline White have made their names widely known. And it isn't be cause theit enterprise had its ostein in Grand Rapids, the most celebrated center of furniture manufacture in the United. States. . ' . . ., No. It Is because these three charming and hustling young women have originated a new business, in which they have been remarkably successful. They call tbetr occupation that' of "Paint Scientists." They have not : only entered a field held by most people to be absolutely untenable to women, but they have invented a new occupation or, as Miss Whipple naively says, "a new science." Just what this new 'science? is may be told in a nutshell. Do you want your home paintedt If so. go to the Misses Blanchard, Whipple & White. Pehaw!you say. -Why should I go to themf I'm too old to take an es ginterest in-pretty faddists.' I'll go to my old .-?ut brr In mind that these young ladles are not ordinary "painters sud sellers of paint." Any one of the ! They three will tell you that with particular emphasis. , are ".faint Bcienusis." Say that you are a customer and go to their store. About you upon the shelves are hundreds of cans of pre pared paints. In that little store there-are paints of as many brands or "makes" as in all the rest of the town put together. Tou can choose any paint and any manu facturer you wish. - You are a suspicious person, and, Vike unnumbered thousands of others, have found yourself "beaten" many times when you painted. Here is where these young women's "palnf science" comes In. At the rear of the store is a little laboratory, and before your very eyes, If you wish., you may have a sample of your paint analysed. All the young ladles have passed through their courses in chemistry, and paint "laboratory work, and after you have left an order tney prove to you the virtue of their wares, and it you are not satisfied cancel the order. ."My last paint peeled off," you say to Miss Whipple. "It didn't last a year!" Then you either bought a very cheap paint or it was home-mixed stuff,'" retorts the pretty young woman. "On Is as bad as the other. The cheaper a paint is the I . scientific way. Dklnttns? with a sclentiflcallv ore Dared paint, doing a scientific Job all around and consequently "There is coming a time," says Miss, Whipple, "when there will be a fashion in, paints, Just as there is in the style of houses and clothes, and the sooner this fashion comes in vogue the better it will be, so far as the beau tifying of cities Is concerned. Take almost any street In almost any city or town and notice how grotesque many of the houaes look. Just because of the way, they, are painted. -, "I find that not one person in ten possesses really artistic ideas about the painting of a home. The most ordinary house can be mad most attractive if paint Is used with some art, and every house may have a distinc tion of its own. Even the Humblest cottage may be made to look so that when people pass they will say, 'Isn't that a pretty little placer Nearly all architects agree that this is so, and the three hundred or so big manu facturers of paints in this country are so sure of it that they are planning to bring about a movement in that direction. - ' - .'' . ( "And this new field the one we are the first to enter is Just the field for women, for women have far better taste than men In making a home pretty. I do not doubt that in a few .years from now there will be many women in every city doing the same work -we nre, doing now.' And streets and. cities will become prettier and nouses win 'wear longer when we have plenty of paint scientists." ber at Annapolla In the British navy cadets, do not draw pay. When they leave school and become mid shipmen they receive from the government about $164. But their parents or guardians, before this, are obliged to pay, for outfit and tuition, in the neighborhood of $1700 for the term. England goes in largely for military training at most of her big publlo schools, so that many young men who have no other plana for the future than the peaceful pursuits- of commerce and trade are well-grounded in military tactics. i I Well known on the continent is the famous St Cyr Cadet School of France, located In a little, town, near Versailles. This school has furnished the army with" no fewer than five marshals, SCO generals of division and more than eOO generals of brigade. Admission to the school is by competitive examina tion. Cadets must obligate themselves to serve three j years In the army; If they are found incompetent' at the lime oi graauauon to Become omcera uiey must serve toe time in the ranks. As a, general thing the St. Cyr cadet pays about $900 a year fcr tuition; worthy ones unable to pay that gum are assisted by the government In such cases the benefi ciaries must obligate themselves to serve ten years in the army, unless the amount is mads good sooner. The course Is for two years, and if a cadet la found deficient at final sxamlnatlons he must serve his time as a soldier in the ranks. Naval cadets of Prance spend their school term prin cipally upon school ships, and not in a great academy, as I Annapolis. Here, too, the course is two years, with fre quent examinations. At the end of this time students are sent to sea to continue their studies under circum stances of active service. Differing from that of the United States in one respect. the German system of naval training requires a long I cruise- at sea at the beginning of a cadet's career. This I practice obtained in the American navy to a considerable I extent until the foundation of the Naval Academy at I Annapolis in 1S4S. GERMANY'S SCHOOLS No age limit Is placed upon entrances to the German I school, although IS years is the common maximum. I Candidates must belong to respectable families and poi sees a certain degree of scientific education attested by I diplomas. Something over 300 young men enter the school each! year, and a charge, amounting to about $1100, Is made fori the three years' course. In addition, the cadet's famllyl must add about $123 to his salary from the time he enters! the service until. he becomes a lieutenant. At Uchterfelde near Berlin, Germany maintains anl upper school for military cadets that is a model. Admls-I sion is between 16 and 17 years, and the course is three! years. Although the cadets do not have to fliake their j beds or keep their rooms, as at West Point, the course isl thorough and the life strenuous. There is some social! life, but the main business is to teach the cadets all that is to be known about the art of war. Russia has a number of preparatory army schools! and several higher military schools, located In. different parts of the country. In the latter the students are maintained at. the expense of the state and have fe holidays. At St Petersburg the naval school is located. In AuH sruat of each rear a comDetitlva examination la held, open to sons of naval officers, nobles and others of good faral-l Ilea Some of the students are educated at we- expense of the state, while others must pay about 1175 a yearJ which payment ceases after three years of , successruu study. Naval constructors and steam engineers are edu-l r a. teri at the Cronstadt School of Enarlneerlns. Austria maintains a fine military school, while BeH glum, Sweden, Denmark, Italy; Spain and oreece supH port, at public expense, schools where young men- are trained to become army and navy omcera JaDan. perhaps, has made the most rapid strides oil recant veara in the work of educating young men for the army and navy. " Formerly many of japan's naval ofilcera were trainea in mo scnoois oi ovner countries, uui win work has been taken up by the Imperial Mavai conegq on the island oi &tajima. a nign stanaara is require . fnr admission, and the course la thorough. Three years' study In barracks is demanded at the Japanese Naval School. As the expenses of tfad cadetd are borne by the government rigid economy is prac-l ticed. At the end of the course cadets are graduated aa midshipmen and transferred to training ships, where theji have instruction at sea lor eignt montna longer. In -preparation for the military service a young Jar may go tnrougn one oi nan a dosen or mora preodfHior schools, modeled originally on the German system, wherJ V . aa ..,1 . tS,.n M , V. A uhwil. V. . I1B II 1 U fit i, B yl J mi ivv ... v.. v. uj 0,vVM .It : severity of discipline would surprise a west Point cadet. From one of these schools the military aspirant pro ceeas to a central rainiary preparatory scnooi, wnere n studies for two years more, and then serves six month r-wlth the colors. - . . . ' - Then, his record being satisfactory, he goes to th mmtarv academy in xokio ror a year, ana then return to his command for practical instruction in the dutle of a commissioned omcer lor six montna Should a vacancy then -occur he may be appointed second lieutenant in the army, after passing a rigid ex . animation. ,..;.......,,, - . . - Every nation has its own 'method of training the non "commissioned man behind, the gun. 1 It is acknowledge that such fighters In the American army and navy, mai xor man, are not wctiwi iu wvnu over.
