; v; THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, fortlawh ouriLJAx kukwimi raiiiwAKi y,
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AT
Wst a7fsr& f&rtoor r?gfa
Every Nation Feverishly Training
bits fighting Men and Officers
O HAPPENING of recent
except those on the verge of actual
conflict has aroused as much war
talk as the present peaceful journey of the
'J merlcan battleship fleet to the Pactjic ocean.
. Persons of equipoise and cool blood have
accepted the assurances of the administration
at fyashington that the battleship movement
is, in simple effect, a practice cruise. But
therefore many, in this country andEurope,
who profess to see an ulterior motive and con
fidently expect to see the great mass of fight
ling ships. hurled against the so-called yellow
peril, as embodied in the Japanese.
: Right-minded people view the movement
rtghtly. They are not unduly alarmed, either,
by the increased activity of war preparations
being made, more or less feverishly, by the
majority of civilized nations. Still, that very
activity and it is great at present -does not
seem a fit sequel to a Hague Peace Confer-
ence. " " .
, Wars may come, of course, although
with each passing year of good will and
peace the danger seems more remote. In the
meantime, acting upon the old adage that
prevention is worth more than cure, the lead
ing nations of the world are busy training
young, men for the vocation of fighters. At
this, time the method of training cadets for
service in the various armies and navies is of
especial interest.
comlnu unduly alarmed. War ta auch a aerloua matter,
considering all modern destructive agencies, that It
would be a rash people. Indeed, to rush Into conflict
without the utmost provocation.
At the same time every advanced nation la busy
training young men to the science of war, afield and
afloat, and their methods, of instruction are of sufficient
Interest to attract attention. Even Mexico has decided
to establish a military school patterned closely after that
of the United States at West Point
Among the many sa-ylngs or Napoleon, one, "A man
la not a soldier," lings true. There must be special prep
aration for the art of war. Just as there la for the science
of medicine or the practice of law.
Experts agree that West Point has no equal among
military colleges, Just as the Naval Academy at Annapo
. 11a excels In training young men for service afloat.
Twice as long as those of foreign schools Is the term
of Instruction at West Point, and those who pass through
the American Military Academy must survive examlna
. tlons more severe than anything known abroad.
Uncle Sam allows the Weet Point cadet $340 a year.
The future soldier must not amok or use alcoholic bev
erages of any kind. His spending money is limited to
i a month "confectionery money." - ).n the course of
the four years' term he is permit i to leave once on an
extended holiday at the. end of ja -second year.
There are no private servants to get out his clothes,
attend to his room, shine his shoes or make his bed. as
. In England and some other European countries he must
do all these things himself.' His training la Spartan.
MIDDIES RIGOROUSLY TRAINED
Similar rigor Is maintained at the Naval Academy at
Annapolis, where the midshipman draws an annual sal
ary, as at West Point, but must take care of himself and
his belongings. But while the young men at both schools
are learning to take care of themselves, they are learn
ing the most advanced Ideas of warfare that the world
A knows.
In England the Royal Military College at Band
burst Is the training school for young men destined to
.become officers In the Infantry and cavalry. That for
artillery and engineering officers Is the Royal Military
Academy at Woolwich; while the Osborne College trains
young men for the navy.
It. Is In the latter school that young Prince Edward,
son of the prince of Wales, who will one day be
come king of England, if he lives, Is now studying the
ways of war at sea.
Candidates for the English military colleges must be
unmarried and. In the opinion of the Army Council, suit
able to hold commissions. They must be under 18 years
old upon admission. Once enrolled as cadets, they lead
a luxurious life as compared with the young men at
West Point.
One and a half years Is the usual course the educa
tion of the cadets ta supposed to be completed in the
field. During this time the cadet gets leaves and vaca
tions amounting to sixteen weeks. Unlike the American
system, which pays cadets a yearly salary while study
ing, that of England requires a tuition fee from the ma
jority of the students.
To defray the cost of uniform, each English cadet
must deposit 1175 upon admission to the school. A cer
tain number, nominated by the government, as an as
sistance to the families of officers killed In war and for
other reasons, pay no other admission fee. If the father
never served In the army, however, the son must pay
t750rnd this grades down to $300 for the sons of officers
In active service jiot above the rank of major.
Not long since an English magailne stated: "We
understand that there are not more than 300 candidates
for the examination for admission to the Royal Military
College, Sandhurst, and the Royal Military Academy,
Woolwich. At the last examination in June there were
over 800 candidates; but since then there has been a
qualifying examination for the militia and yeomanry,
and that has weeded out many who would otherwise
have presented themselves. At the same time, when we
know, on the authority of the war minister, that he has
decided to sdd 2000 officers to the regular forces, which
means that the army is short of that number of officers.
It is not very encouraging to find only 300 candidates
presenting themselves for examination."
The average number of young men at the Osborne
Naval School is a little above 400 much under the num-
I
And when ye shall hear of wars and rumors of wars,
be' ye sot troubled, for such things must be, but the end
Is Sot yet. Mark. 1J, viL
T ISN'T neceseary to become troubled in recalling
1 all the recent rumors of war the mass of the peo
ple has too much good sens for that but a brier
review of predictions made within the last few
; months may add sn Interest to the following statement
-showing how the leading nations are preparing their
. . future generals and admirals for active service.
Only a few days ago William T. Stead, the militant
English editor, asserted: v
i "Every Englishman is convinced that before many
years Germany and England will have to fight for their -ambition
to control the (g?as of Europe. : England is pre
paring for ultimate war with Germany. Germany is as
firmly convinced that England will attack her, and so is
; prejirarlng for war by spending millions in building a
- navy that shall ultimately be as powerful as England's."
This on top Of a seeming world belief that, despite
all official protestations to the contrary, the United
'States and Japan will lead off in a general appeal to
'arms,- rJ'J;-i ' .
,'- Mr, Stead bases his belief upon the fact that, "In a
time of profound peace, when Anglo-German relations
are more friendly than ever before, th German govern-
meet proposes to increase its naval and military expendi
ture by $33,000,000 a year."
That England is feverishly building Dreadnoughts
she must build two, he says, to every one of Germany
: Mr. Stead does not take into account as an irritant.
- ' i ( ' f -. 'It
poorer it is, of course, but worst of all is the dope you
pr to mix up yourself of white lead, turpentine and
1IIDS5CU Uli,
"imagine trying to 'mix' properly with
It takes machines weighing tons to do properlyl
DEPLETING THEIR EXCHEQUERS
O
Cited, too, is the fact that France is straining its ut
most to raise funds for military equipment; that Russia
. Is nearer the verge of revolution than ever before be
cause of the enormous sums demanded by the csar for a
rehabilitation f the navy and the strengthening of the
-.,.lta,y has called for a greater budget for military
purposes, and even Spain is struggling to acquire a new
' ??.ito-rl..c !h" ut ut'ot business by Dewey at
Manila and the American guns at Santiago.
. ii!pa XJifSf U.yu recallc w budget and added enough
v 1-1. 2 JS?? ine "Wins; expenditure of 1200,000,000
E&VESS$ZS&&. Untted sut"
ch.ef "or o'rdnSnSe. Sg?& &HoS&
on military afi-airs and made a request Uiat he hv.m
an appropriation of 14,000.000 with which to buy anf d
ammunition for the regular army. Before that nnr.i
Hell, chief of staff, had asked an arowpriauSn tin i
000,(00 to buy uniforms and field gear fof sao ooS en '
All these things are taken to mean that 'the Si. '.
Istratlon desires to place the commissary, ordnance and
equipment department of the army n a position to sun
plv, equip and arm. at short notice, an army of so wo
i men, if it should be found necessary to mobilize me '
This, on top of a bill introduced in the House by
Rpprese-ntative Hobson, of Alabama, 'to provide a navy
ndi .iuat for national defense.'' :U appropriates tso.ooo.-,
t0 Bintually sfor the purpose ef constructing new battle-
" h'in er" ot ll this, level-beaded paosla are not be-
VER the front of an attractive-looking
little store in Grand Rapids, Mich., is a
sign that has puzzled many visitors to
that enterprising city. It reads :
"The Misses Blanchard, Whipple & White,
Faint Specialists."
In these, days of progress and commercialism
women engage on an equal footing with men in
many enterprises and undertakings. - But what, in
the name of mystery and femininity correlated
terms are "paint specialists"!
Not women who paint their cheeks or those of
others heaven forbid! If such deceits are prac
tices, surely the practice would not be blazoned to
the world on a sign board. What, then, is the
peculiar occupation that has won, these three
young women prominence throughout their state
and a recognition in other states f
stick what
irf Kn. air.
your paint wasn't good. And we not onlv ruarantna this
paint but we guarantee It to last. We do the work
ourselves, and we won't sell you cheap paint. Tou've
got to buy good paint of us, or none. Vve can only
guarantee the work of good paint."
Conceive of this being handed out to you by a slender,
brown-eyed young woman, with lovely brown hair and
as pretty a face as you would cars to look uponl
"We do the work ourselves!" ,
That Is wherein these young women show their dar
ing. Each of the three takes her turn In the store, where
they are assisted by a clerk. One girl works in the store
for a week, and then is outside for two weeks. And
during those two weeks she is doing the actual work of
painting, each of the young women at the same time be
ing assisted by an experienced man painter, who is di
rectly under their supervision.
. "We don't do ordinary painting," says Miss Whipple,
"and we charge accordingly. We have a scale or our
own, and don't belong to any union. No one of us can
do as much work as a strong man, but we charge $4 a
day. And It's worth lt'r Y
Tou go to one of these young women and say, "I
want my house painted." If you have your color4n
mind you teil her of them. In company, two of who
"scientists" then visit the building. That building be
comes, In fact, their "patient." They first notice all of
the surroundings, and they form a "paint scheme" for
the owner, showing him in what dress that certain house
will be most attractive.
OF ARTISTIC TASTES
The young women have artistic tastes, Miss Whipple
being a clever worker in water colors. In other words,
they give that certain house a style or fashion of its own.
and evolve ideas for the owner that are worth several
time more than the extra charge they seem to make in
their "14 a day."
And the color scheme Is not all. The material of the
house Itself Is then examined. Perhaps it is in such
shape that it needs more oil than the house next door, or
there may be something else that need's especial atten
tion. Anyway, these pretty and hustling young women1.
at the work, as Miss 'Whipple says, T'ln a thorough.
go
I
T ISN'T stretching a point to say thae Misses Ross
Blanchard, Agnbs Whipple and Caroline White have
made their names widely known. And it isn't be
cause theit enterprise had its ostein in Grand Rapids,
the most celebrated center of furniture manufacture in
the United. States. . ' . . .,
No. It Is because these three charming and hustling
young women have originated a new business, in which
they have been remarkably successful. They call tbetr
occupation that' of "Paint Scientists."
They have not : only entered a field held by most
people to be absolutely untenable to women, but they
have invented a new occupation or, as Miss Whipple
naively says, "a new science." Just what this new
'science? is may be told in a nutshell.
Do you want your home paintedt If so. go to the
Misses Blanchard, Whipple & White. Pehaw!you say.
-Why should I go to themf I'm too old to take an es
ginterest in-pretty faddists.' I'll go to my old
.-?ut brr In mind that these young ladles are not
ordinary "painters sud sellers of paint." Any one of the !
They
three will tell you that with particular emphasis.
, are ".faint Bcienusis."
Say that you are a customer and go to their store.
About you upon the shelves are hundreds of cans of pre
pared paints. In that little store there-are paints of as
many brands or "makes" as in all the rest of the town
put together. Tou can choose any paint and any manu
facturer you wish. -
You are a suspicious person, and, Vike unnumbered
thousands of others, have found yourself "beaten" many
times when you painted. Here is where these young
women's "palnf science" comes In. At the rear of the
store is a little laboratory, and before your very eyes, If
you wish., you may have a sample of your paint analysed.
All the young ladles have passed through their courses
in chemistry, and paint "laboratory work, and after you
have left an order tney prove to you the virtue of their
wares, and it you are not satisfied cancel the order.
."My last paint peeled off," you say to Miss Whipple.
"It didn't last a year!"
Then you either bought a very cheap paint or it was
home-mixed stuff,'" retorts the pretty young woman.
"On Is as bad as the other. The cheaper a paint is the
I .
scientific way. Dklnttns? with a sclentiflcallv ore Dared
paint, doing a scientific Job all around and consequently
"There is coming a time," says Miss, Whipple, "when
there will be a fashion in, paints, Just as there is in the
style of houses and clothes, and the sooner this fashion
comes in vogue the better it will be, so far as the beau
tifying of cities Is concerned. Take almost any street In
almost any city or town and notice how grotesque many
of the houaes look. Just because of the way, they, are
painted. -,
"I find that not one person in ten possesses really
artistic ideas about the painting of a home. The most
ordinary house can be mad most attractive if paint Is
used with some art, and every house may have a distinc
tion of its own. Even the Humblest cottage may be made
to look so that when people pass they will say, 'Isn't
that a pretty little placer Nearly all architects agree
that this is so, and the three hundred or so big manu
facturers of paints in this country are so sure of it that
they are planning to bring about a movement in that
direction. - ' - .'' . (
"And this new field the one we are the first to enter
is Just the field for women, for women have far better
taste than men In making a home pretty. I do not doubt
that in a few .years from now there will be many women
in every city doing the same work -we nre, doing now.'
And streets and. cities will become prettier and nouses
win 'wear longer when we have plenty of paint scientists."
ber at Annapolla In the British navy cadets, do not
draw pay. When they leave school and become mid
shipmen they receive from the government about $164.
But their parents or guardians, before this, are obliged
to pay, for outfit and tuition, in the neighborhood of
$1700 for the term.
England goes in largely for military training at most
of her big publlo schools, so that many young men who
have no other plana for the future than the peaceful
pursuits- of commerce and trade are well-grounded in
military tactics. i I
Well known on the continent is the famous St Cyr
Cadet School of France, located In a little, town, near
Versailles. This school has furnished the army with" no
fewer than five marshals, SCO generals of division and
more than eOO generals of brigade.
Admission to the school is by competitive examina
tion. Cadets must obligate themselves to serve three j
years In the army; If they are found incompetent' at the
lime oi graauauon to Become omcera uiey must serve toe
time in the ranks.
As a, general thing the St. Cyr cadet pays about $900
a year fcr tuition; worthy ones unable to pay that gum
are assisted by the government In such cases the benefi
ciaries must obligate themselves to serve ten years in
the army, unless the amount is mads good sooner.
The course Is for two years, and if a cadet la found
deficient at final sxamlnatlons he must serve his time as
a soldier in the ranks.
Naval cadets of Prance spend their school term prin
cipally upon school ships, and not in a great academy, as I
Annapolis. Here, too, the course is two years, with fre
quent examinations. At the end of this time students
are sent to sea to continue their studies under circum
stances of active service.
Differing from that of the United States in one respect.
the German system of naval training requires a long I
cruise- at sea at the beginning of a cadet's career. This I
practice obtained in the American navy to a considerable I
extent until the foundation of the Naval Academy at I
Annapolis in 1S4S.
GERMANY'S SCHOOLS
No age limit Is placed upon entrances to the German I
school, although IS years is the common maximum. I
Candidates must belong to respectable families and poi
sees a certain degree of scientific education attested by I
diplomas.
Something over 300 young men enter the school each!
year, and a charge, amounting to about $1100, Is made fori
the three years' course. In addition, the cadet's famllyl
must add about $123 to his salary from the time he enters!
the service until. he becomes a lieutenant.
At Uchterfelde near Berlin, Germany maintains anl
upper school for military cadets that is a model. Admls-I
sion is between 16 and 17 years, and the course is three!
years. Although the cadets do not have to fliake their j
beds or keep their rooms, as at West Point, the course isl
thorough and the life strenuous. There is some social!
life, but the main business is to teach the cadets all that
is to be known about the art of war.
Russia has a number of preparatory army schools!
and several higher military schools, located In. different
parts of the country. In the latter the students are
maintained at. the expense of the state and have fe
holidays.
At St Petersburg the naval school is located. In AuH
sruat of each rear a comDetitlva examination la held, open
to sons of naval officers, nobles and others of good faral-l
Ilea Some of the students are educated at we- expense
of the state, while others must pay about 1175 a yearJ
which payment ceases after three years of , successruu
study. Naval constructors and steam engineers are edu-l
r a. teri at the Cronstadt School of Enarlneerlns.
Austria maintains a fine military school, while BeH
glum, Sweden, Denmark, Italy; Spain and oreece supH
port, at public expense, schools where young men- are
trained to become army and navy omcera
JaDan. perhaps, has made the most rapid strides oil
recant veara in the work of educating young men for the
army and navy. " Formerly many of japan's naval ofilcera
were trainea in mo scnoois oi ovner countries, uui win
work has been taken up by the Imperial Mavai conegq
on the island oi &tajima. a nign stanaara is require
. fnr admission, and the course la thorough.
Three years' study In barracks is demanded at the
Japanese Naval School. As the expenses of tfad cadetd
are borne by the government rigid economy is prac-l
ticed. At the end of the course cadets are graduated aa
midshipmen and transferred to training ships, where theji
have instruction at sea lor eignt montna longer.
In -preparation for the military service a young Jar
may go tnrougn one oi nan a dosen or mora preodfHior
schools, modeled originally on the German system, wherJ
V . aa ..,1 . tS,.n M , V. A uhwil. V. .
I1B II 1 U fit i, B yl J mi ivv ... v.. v. uj 0,vVM .It
: severity of discipline would surprise a west Point cadet.
From one of these schools the military aspirant pro
ceeas to a central rainiary preparatory scnooi, wnere n
studies for two years more, and then serves six month
r-wlth the colors. - . . . ' -
Then, his record being satisfactory, he goes to th
mmtarv academy in xokio ror a year, ana then return
to his command for practical instruction in the dutle
of a commissioned omcer lor six montna
Should a vacancy then -occur he may be appointed
second lieutenant in the army, after passing a rigid ex
. animation. ,..;.......,,, - . .
- Every nation has its own 'method of training the non
"commissioned man behind, the gun. 1 It is acknowledge
that such fighters In the American army and navy, mai
xor man, are not wctiwi iu wvnu over.