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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (June 9, 1907)
WE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL PO!lTLANIX SUNDAY, MORNING. j-E j?07 K, AND LRQ r Ami Gdry, lew Home Model Qt of Steel Trast, Phnned ds Centajj Mdrvel. ON THE southernmost shore: of Lake Michigan, amid the sand 'dunes that ' melt down to the wattr'sedgi, a won- , derful, a model, new city is rising. It promises in time and not a time long drawn out, jit that -to become a second Pittsburg.. . , Throughout the world the name and ; fame of the great Steel Trust of America has spread. Its operations have been enormous, in the. aggregate, but their centers have been, ' scattered. ' . Now the trust proposes to make a home I . Til rr -, 1 Sr -v,f . I II "A. TT a- Wl) w"" , ,-w m . . . II . .. - " J i. fc. T - Jt J . V-. .. :l x J t r -T A, I 11 Chessigixg" 6Jie Course . . .( : . -ass .:.VW rr for itself;' it plans to gather its chief branches under its wings as a hen does its chickens, and to have, hereof ter, a central source of all its wonderful and varied enterprises. r Gary--sch is ihe name of the new model i city on the lake is to be typical of the age. It is not only to be a center of marvelous in dus trial enterprises, but a model city for work , ingmen; It is to be the epitome of the" eco- 1 nomical wisdom and experience of the age. A river and, three railroads, have been brushed aside summarily to make Voow for the new city, the permanent home of the Steel ' Trust. : Under the hands of a host of work men great structures and hundreds of homes are arising like magic. , 4 . Nerlr 12.000,000 U b!nr spent tor th steel eorporaUon In the conitrucUonDf a harbor, which probably wUl'b ' the finest on the Great lAkes. This expend -will be In Addition to the cost of the work now being performed br the overnment In-'dredginr the Calumet river. ! "When oompleted the harbor will be a mile long-. 250 feet wide Jt of.Midujcn&l ?mt thai j by the company. Jt is construotlns; a large number ot coiuia-ea, g-enerany .inrenor xo me resiaences Minf pu , . up by the owners, which will be rented to the workmen .'- and their families. .' , .' .. There Is to be a system of,smaJl parks, located at 5 ' Intervals, throughout the city, to afford reoreatloa apoU . iur iu woraers ana uieir lamuies. ino largest or uin will cover four squares. The parks are to be beautified y by flower gardens, lawns and shade trees.. Dancing '. platforms and band stands will be-, erected . along the river. A city hall and other publlo buildings will soon be erected, and a big union depot is to be constructed. v jur uesiRnea mi city ior greai mnnuiaciuring' .center. . It is where the lnter-ocean is wedded to land tramo. it is in the midst of a network of railroads, . almost In the very' hub of the railroad system of the . country. It is where the roads from the east and many - from the south and north are bunched together in their " . pushing out to round the southern shore of Lake Mlchl-' gan so as to nearly parallel each other and those from ' the west reaching to Chicago. , When one . views this natural Junction of lake and ' ; railway trafllo he cannot help wondering why Chloago was not located here Instead of at the comparatively, : disadvantageous site, twenty-six miles further north. Gary ts located where the lake Juts furthest south, and so can be reached by railroads from any section without the necessltyx of their having to round any part of the lake. This Jut of the lake Into the shore also forms almost a natural harbor, which will admit of tea mllee of docking space, v- . ''&' ' When the waters of the Calumet are reversed and made to flow Into the Chicago sanitary and ship canal and the river thus becomes part of the deep waterway systtm that is to reach from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, Gary will be at the Junction of the Great Lakes and river trafllo. It will not only be In communication by waterway with all the Great Lake ports, the St Lawrence river and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and east, but with the Mississippi river and the Gulf of Mexico to . the west and south; while every railroad station in the country can be reached through ' Its unequaled railway terminal facilities,-connecting direct with, every one of the network of railroads center-. -tag in Chicago. ,,: . ;.' . IN THE PATH OP SUPPLIES " r By means of the steel corporation's own railroad, the Chicago, Lake Shore and Eastern, Gary will b con- nected with the great "outer - belt" system of Chicago, Sdrate&ifi Location, of Gary . " ' , man would build a single house. - As an Individual would lay the foundation for the building that would serve as : his home, this mighty billion-dollar corporation Is laying the foundation of a city that Is to become its home. No : other city was ever built 'in a 'manner like this. The la borers who began the work In a wilderness where marsh : , fowls were playing will continue at their work until they , see the vast expanse of sand waste and scrub oak trans formed Into a city of. 160,000 Inhabitants, This la the population It will have when theork now la progress Is completed, when the' Steel Trust's first : 1100,000,000 building appropriation has been exhausted. Then moire moqey will be appropriated ' for further building and more hundred thousands of population will be added. ' ' " . : But Gary will be greater still, for the miles of manu factories being erected , by the United States Steel Cor poration are not the only industries the city will have by any means. It Is asserted there will be 100 others . anA feet Wn with ronoret dncka. and will be sunerlor ' which circumvents every railroad that reaches the west t v r-vio- r . ern metropolis. Besides this advantage, there are five ' The site of the plant,1 with Its towering columns and steel frames, completed and partially completed buildings, ' all covering 3000 acres of ground,, looks like the building of a world's fair.. , This will be the largest steel plant. - In the world, and the plans, as drawn, contemplate the doubling of its sise within the next five years. Pro vision is made for the quadrupling of them, or the ten-" fold enlargement of them when business; demanda ' - The l lant will employ 25,000 men when the work now ' In progress is completed. Five million tons of ore will . be handled every year. -fX There will ..be eighteen blastvl Illinois and Wisconsin. ;. furnaces, eighty-four open-hearth furnaces and six roll- Ing mllla The mills will produce 800,000 tons of steel 'rails alone every year. The departments devoted to the -manufacture of the rails, will cost $2,500,000. - . ' A yearly production of $70,000,000 of liew wealth la the end to be attained by the operations now in progress, ' and this will be realised by the smallest' possible In vestment,' notwithstanding the fact : of . the , enormous 7 : outlay in; the first cost. ':fc .:',. ,,i'.'-Xf:. The streets of Gary are laid out at right angles. .' Broadway runs north and south, and Fifth avenue, the ? . principal residence street, runs - east and west. Only -business houses are to be located to the west of Broad--- , wajvand only residences to the east. . Gary, like other . ' cities, has Its aristocratic and its plebeian quarters. The . company dictates which they shall be by the prices it . has placed on the lots, those on Fifth avenue and vi cinity being the most expensive, - ; ' Excellency of the buildings that are to serve as the homes for the worklngmen is the first thing that Im presses the visitors to the- incipient city. "Nowhere else will working men enjoy such convenient and comfortable-.. home lire as here commodious residences, ot brick and concrete. Steam huat, electric lights, gas and tele- eastern trunk lines pasning directly through Uary. v , Hence Gary is directly in -the path of fuel and supply shipments from every possioie source, ana in. me very . heart of the steel market of the nation. - It ia alike ac- . , cesslble to the markets of the East and the growing West, the future development of which will require many -million tons of steel for the construction of railroads., bridges and commercial buildings. Besides, Gary Is at the supply focus of the United States Steel Corporation's system of subsidiary mills, twenty - In number, which ' manufacture everything that can be . made from iron : and steel structural iron, rails, bridges, sheet steel, tin plate, .wire and , wire products. These twenty plants rorm a continuous cnain, reacmng mrougn uoio, incuana. nois ana Wisconsin. . -. .... .- .. ...,'. Already allied Industries-are bextnnln to flock to the new Indistrial mecca. Foundries, shipyards and manu- . factories of bridges, sheet steel, structural Iron, tin- Slate, wfl-e and wire ' products, and numerous alUed in ustrles are sure to take advantage of the Ideal indus trial conditions which the Steel Trust has 'Instituted la .Indiana. - '-'n - The .Standard Steel Car ' Company, another great Pennsylvania corporation, with a capita of $15,000,000, has decided to build a new plant near the mills, of the Indiana Steel Company, whose product it uses. - ; The Western Steel Car and Foundry Company la building a neighboring' tract rof sixty-two acres, where other great Industries will also be built, About this plant' there Is to spring , up a big settlement of residences, 100 havln already been planned. This syndicate will alan - establish a library, devoted to .technical works. Forge shops, machine shops, malleable Iron foundry, gray iron foundry, pattern shop, planing mills, saw mills and a paint shop will be Included in the different departments to be operated by the Western Steer Car and Foundry . Company. The plant- is to be operated entirely by ' electricity, the power being furnished by turbine engines. : As, all the corpordtlons are very guarded In their plana, It Is only after actual operations are begun that " the publto Is given knowledge of .the new industries to be established in -the Gary district It is probable, how , ever, that the greatest enterprise it will possess outside of the mills of the United States Steel Corporation will , be the packing houses and. stockyards, now located in ' !' - Chicago. . -. . - Vv ; . ... - ... v ; ., v. Already there is talk of .moving the packing-house -district bodily to Gam ' The packing houses are tld of : - . , s, -ine outcries against inem in -cnicago. sesiaes, tne pacK- Street car lines that traverse all the principal thor- ' ers have to oppose. a growing sentiment against permit- . ough fares will also reach put into Indiana and Illinois, ting the foul-smelling stockyards and rendering planta making it possible ; for the inhabitants to. take trolley to remain in tne city limits. . , ' phones will be regarded as common commodities rather than as. luxuries. The sewage system and eanltary ' conditions generally " are unsurpassed.. , - ,. - ;.- FED BY MANY CAR LINES V v streets, parks, schools and publlo playgrounds will-add to the city's attractiveness. All the streets and alleys HILE the Steel Trust-win build the new city of f Gary is building it, in fact It wiirdefer almost entirely to the workmen inhabitants' in the matter of. lawmaking and municipal resiila- Hons. . ! , . , , , , The laws of the ciry will guarantee peace and pros perity to employers, and workmen. They will not be dic tated by the eorporaUon, but will be made by the work men themselves. ' . " ' J ? ' --. The steel corporation also avers that it will offer no i:iterferene in, the selection o( the municipal officers. It "' vlil rely on the wisdom an,d the judgment 'of its work- men to ettabllah Just regulations that will be of mutual jirotectton and advantage. 1 , I , . , - Not only the land on which the steel plant is being ! nilt, but olso the land on which the stores and residences' cru being located, was bought by the United States Steel Corporation. Jt-sells the residence lots to the workmen' t-t moderate' prices,.- and tells them how and -where - their homes shall be built, -v ;..' ,-,, ,.., The sime restrictions are made regarding the busl- 5 Mocks. Only .those to whom the company sees fit sell can buy the property. The company dictates the icltli of erery street and alley, the specification' of every riutiire,. biiKlneas -or residence the laying of every pipe' i ,1 wii t . and every other kind of improvement whatso-' r in the city limits. - ? . a ...t. -,.r,.v, , r- ihse rarvatIons In th deeds to the property, ' I'tilMing of the city in strict accordance to plana Is j i. The steel company retains control of the water, ':. electric supplies, and will furnish them to the in reasonable rates; the price of gas will be 00 cents' u,srtad. .-,-. . ... .. . ... :.,.( .1 the property sdjoinln the lake is reserved for - jt tunng industries, while the Interior locations are i vtr to residence streets, parks and 'stores. T Al- i ready the plant has six miles of lake-water frontage, and ' ..three times that amount is held in reserve for the de ' mands of future expansion.' ' ' . Six thousand acres of land 'was purchased : by the "s, company beforj a spade was turned and before any out aider knew anything of the disposition that was to be' made of it. ", The big corporation wen about the building vf the city In a most methodical manner. . - ' Work" is being done, not for a day, but for a century. There Is to be no future tearing up of streets, no lopping off of edges, no hewing away of corners, no doing of work for .(he purpose of tearing it down and doing it all -. over agHln, as ia the other modern cities. - There is. to be no unsightly architecture, no ragged skylines caused , by unsystematio building,: no inartistic streets winding and twisting at random as they do in other cities. iJvery factory, every residence, every street, " alley, walk and other construction Is being built In strict. ' adherence to the prearranged plans. , . '; . , 'Xhe picture has been drawn on paper,' and It Is a pretty picture. In the building of the city the lines and - oarts of lines am beinir drawn In itenl Anrl atnna and t concrete instead of in ink, and the picture, enlarged many times, is being transcribed on the sands of Indiana. - The method and manner of the building of Gary and the enormity of the task, as viewed by the layman, dis tinguish it as one of the most remarkable undertakings of the age. end the completed city will be a wonder of the commercial world. ! v , A whole city -is being built from the ground up as a are being paved with concrete. 1 Business streets, 100 feet wide; residence streets, with a width of sixty feet. The packers now own a vast track of land directly 'adjoining Gary, which they purchased fifteen years ago ' to secure a good, location for their plants whenever they snouia o onven out or unicago. - it is a sare prediction thn dangers of futura congestion of traffic. j Work - in the business district - is now ' confined - to what is known as the first subdivision, which, will have within its broadening bounds before two more years will -r and alleys of thirty, feet, will fortify the city, against -have expired; new territory and towns , already in ex Istence are to be incorporated Into ' the one , great city that, is to become a mecca for corporations that have. struggled against. hostile conditions elsewhere. , By the . united -powers of many great combines there - will be : established in Indiana what Is hoped will become one of . the greatest Industrial cities in the world. v This is the prediction of those -who have received an Inkling of the carefully guarded plans of the United ' States Steer Corporation the mother industry which by discovery and Invention has blazed the way for "the : , establishment Of this twentieth-century industrial me- , tropolls. !; .-....'..';-...;-,?. !.,,-;;,?'':S Coincident with the general work of building the city V and - the , plant, there are being performed engineering ; feats of such magnitude as to stagger the lay mind, but ' they seem quite trivial , to the - comprehension ' of ' the billion-dollar Steel Trust.- - Two thousand and five hundred feet from the shore ' there Is being built an intake crib that will reach down to the bottom of the lake and at the same time will tower "above its surface like, a castle in mid-ocean. . - This, with the. construction of two ten-foot tunnels . under land and water to carry the water1 supply from ' he cribs at' the bottom of the lake to the cityt altering that the packing houses will have to move from Chicago, within ten years, and with this vast Industry added to Gary, it will become a commercial rival of the largest '.cities of; the West "'" ';..'"' ' V'- "S . Quite evident it is that the united states steel Cor-. twenty-seven miles of paved streets. Here about 800 poration is a bit ambltloua regarding Gary's future. - Jt residences are under roof. The cost of the residences.' ls the ' realization of a pet scheme that greatest and stores-range In price from $1500 to $13,000. v Ieeds by which the corporation conveys the property : to the workmen specify that all the , residences in this' ' subdivision must be two stories high and not less than -, sixty feet deep, and they must be built of brick, stone or concrete, roofs of slate, metal or other fire-proof ma , terial. - The company agrees to pave j II the streets and i build sidewalks on the principal thoroughfares, and to construct sewers where they will be accessible to each;, lot.-;';ir''-''.-.-',';.i:, a v-r-" Permitting- the. employes to own their own homes, .. through purchase at low rates and on easy terms, is a means of binding them permanently to the works and' thereby increasing dividend efficiency.'' This , will cause the children of the parents owning the homes to learn the trades of steel, and so It will be- that generations of steel workers will grow up in Gary, the children In- heiiting the skill of their fathers and improving t by practice. . , ;.-,;....,.-.. ..g i :; Providing quarters superior to any thsC could be i found in neighboring towns will result in colonising the superintendents, foremen and office employes near ' the -works,' a thing that is greatly to be desired. - The com- pany realizes mat comrort ana accessibility In , the of ' all .corporations 'has long had in ' contemplation a scheme to establish a government where - capital could ,; pursue Its ' aims'- unhampered by labor -troubles , and .political disturbances, f - . . , . . The . nlans comnrehend the Incorporation of all tha Calumet township and most of Lake county, Indiana, . . jt in the city, limits of Gary. Ultimately It will Include "JI - uammonq. uouesion, ' inaiana aroor, t urn nam ana ; probably Whiting, where Is now located the main Dlant of the Standard Oil Company and the largest oil refinery; In the world. ' ' . , . , s . . ' , . VAST POSSIBILITIES " ' "''"''H i" :.'.,'.".:; .yi: . f! w.-V. .f'-,,' ,'.'':' ' v By uniting the interests of all the vast Industries .even now located In Calumet district,- there is no doubt that - the most . powerful Industrial community In the, , world could be established,: where labor conditions would be Ideal, and where there would never be any inter- . ference on the part of politicians. It would soon hava ; a population of a million tnhabttanta'v-'' s-v '- i wnue tne rainoow or nope is spanning tne new city or1 uary,. another,, moaet and even as a street, and run directly east and west in . , workmen's homes ar reflected in increased factory -v .cnuvii w lu Hjiiivan, yuBiuug uiuQ iuicb VA- ulCiency, iruuM-uiie rauroaosso tney win not intenere witn tne city Pullman, 111. Is fading site of the plant and be -more -convenient for shipments these things and other tasks even more colossal are but incidental to the work' being performed. - .: - K , , Not all the residences are owned bv the oceunants. but the company endeavors to encourage the -employes to own their own homes to as great an extent as pos sible. Buildings hot owned by the occupants are owned S THIS the superlative age in gambling opera tions f ollas the high-water mark in the chase : pf the god of chance been reached? " v ; . Time - was when a gentlemanly same of poker, satisfied the longing for excitement of men I of the Gnrnblinq Tide. women assail games of chance' with as much de termination, and nonchalance as do men. ? v , ' The instinct of gaming lurked, in- the prehis- tone man, according to Professor W. JT. Thomas, , '-' ..";-'t' -,-) "",( .' !. ' J. : ' t F whose social status ranged through several degrees. . of the University of Chicago. Development of that Women gamesters, then, 'were unknown. ' Now,'' . instinct has just now reached its uppermost stage. ' -i X - --v : a v' "f ."' ' "' -" . '' . ' ' ..... - AOM top to bottom' the -learned professor of -the University of Chicago, who undertook a study of , .' the subject Of gambling; followed his subject with the fidelity of a foxhound. ; The.;, difference, be declared, between the modern gambler, whether of the stock market of cards or dice. . the race-track follower, the bettor on prize - fights or -' other athletic endeavor, and the prehistoric man, who , ; was- gaining with Nature for- primitive existence, is' one of .degree only. - ..,:.- -.-.-. Education, civilization - and - all the , thousand and ', oue refining- and ' humanising; influences .have come In ' " vain, he asserts.- The fire may -smoulder, but it springs . As to the assertiootbat wo have I It is said ' that leading New York financier MntW nff.r4 Ui'tmvwn n: . woras. wnetner in- company cm. .v.v.ji., ""viw ; V . uov vu w uiu uip . a ,v town as wen as a -great . l I a . T . .1 1 J . . . Iltl.nt ycuu-f.. yiut-rs gHuiuio vj cornering tne xooa crop of ft nationu, In fact, most modern enterprises are w a gcmble, according to the modern. view,; and the" gambler wins or loses ' as the ' wheel . of fortune turns. ', - . " - ' ; . , , ... Z become ' cultured, , be says,- with a degree of 'skepticism, that men still stop in the streets to witness a fight. between urchins; that they will watch birds in the ,air In .content, and hang around newspaper . bulletin boards to Jearn the result Of a prise - fight or a baseball game.' Men and women - bet on anything that Is suggested. , They bet on the price of wheat six months or a year hence; they bet on. the speed of an ocean greyhound; on v the estimated rise and fall of stocks;, on a prise fight; , a baseball game; on the prospective ascendency of a new revoluUonary party In iBouth Amertca. Alleged, "wire tappers" do a land-office business, or have done It .until recently. Some years ago an Im- Sorter named Freeman, of a city In New Jersey, was eeced, it was said, out , of $50,000 . by- three "wire tappers." --.-.,. . --- i--- According to fhastory, men called on the importer at his office in New York, and gave him some advice regarding plunging operations. .. . "We 11 show you," one of the men remarked, as It was charged. "a way to make a million dollars without a stroke of work. I have a friend who is manager of a ,, branch-office of a telegraph company, and he gets the results ten minutes before they are sent out to the pool ,v; rooms.: t This will enable you to bet and win fortunes." Elated, . the victim was easily induced to visit a " pool room. It was filled with telephone instruments, and telephoners, and twenty men were busy at the wires. . 'James R. Keene wants $10,000 on that good thing," one operator called. The names of other financial mag nates of New York were shouted, among them the Vanderbilts, Goulds, Astors and Gates, v Impressed, by these names, the victim,' It is said, . put up $50,000 to cover a bet of course, he lost. .,- ' . , , . . . t- - from slKht, ; j Georsre M. Pullman, founder of the great sleeping-car - industry that bears his name, dreamed of a model city for his workmen in the community that he established -' . outside of Chicago. ' Butv according to recent develop " ments, he went about it In the wrong way. ' At Pullman, all, the property was owned by the car- building company. MV. Pullman's plans contemplated a town where his workmen could find comfortable homes and where conditions of life would be-ideal; but he did not provide for .the eventual ownership of the homes by" the men. The people complained of the rules and regu- latlons .established,, and there was discontent from the - : Start.- " ,''- ''''.:..:;. ..-.v--". After the rreat strike of ISM came Judicial proceedings x to determine whether a . corporation had any right .to own property in Illinois other tnan mat necessary k the purpose of its manufacturing - interests. in otn nv coiiia- own una cunuuci manufacturintr plant.. - Lon drawn-out litigation has recently resulted In a decision against the company. .,.' . .: v r-'"-'r; ";i-,' Since then sales 1iave"been made of the cottages and other dwellings to the- tenants Working men are buying homes in all parts of the city. Concessions are granted t hem by the real estate nrms ana corporations oi au kinds.'- .- -V'w - ' - --!.- . ;" t Not long ago the Pullman company sent out circular letters to its tenants informing them " that they would hava notions on the dwellings they Occupied or any others they might wish to buy in the pretty little suburb. A . i concerted effort was started to sell the cottages, and this t effort has already borne fruit. Seventy-five of the homes . have been sold, and negotiations are under way for the , ' sale of 200 others. The men In charge are confident that . . ',. niany citizens will take advantage of the offer and be- come owners of the homes constructed twenty-odd years ago by Mr. Pullman. : - r ' . In a short time It is believed that corporation owner- - ) ship of Pullman will be a thing of the past. The dream , of George M. Pullman, contemplating a model town for , f working men, under the control of those who employed . the men, will have vanished. It is to avoid such a result . that the builders-of Gary are endeavoring t;o have the -' " ( workmen of the great plant purchase and hold their own dwelling property. : ; ; -0 - hefN 'I