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About The Madras pioneer. (Madras, Crook County, Or.) 1904-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 25, 1912)
WOOD, COAL LIME CEMENT PLASTER .ffiiRfiR. SHINGLES LATH T f Tuni'-a-Lum LAimDer company Dealer in Building Material of all kinds. Wc have to itav and have juat completed our improvo jacaU. We have one or the largest stocks to select from found in Crook County. We sell the genuine Rock Spring Coal, free from slate and give 2000 pounds for a ton. We deliver in the city. Phone. Tum-A-Lum Lumber Company WM W. ESSELSTYN, Local Manager Madras Oregon LIVERY, FEED & SALE STABLE MADRAS, OREGON G. V. STANTON aiva Your Orders Prompt Attention Transit! Stock Given Best Of Feed And Care I HAS MEAT MARKET MAP d. L. Campbell. Wholesale smd Retail Dealers t PEESH MEATS We havo the beat line of Freah Meats in the country itt wnrnn nn mnrnnr TJTJnwni DTTJO TTJ mTJPTD orAOflll ilk Liaiii Uf uAQUDn litUUiaDULO m mum oimuuii Now u the time to do your buying Everything at Cest for the Next Ten Days Millinery, Luliec' Furnishings Sweaters, Aviation Caps Sbawls, Embroideries Dolls, Hand Painted China Japanese China, Small Jewelry Hair Goods, Stamping Save Your Tickets for Silverware MRS. ISA E. B. CROSBY J Ashley Bros. Rock Springs Lump Coal $11 per ton, delivered Red Juniper body wood seasoned, $8 sawed, $7 4-ft. length 0. W. R. & N. Depot Deliveries at any place within city of Madras Start the New Year RIGHT by subscribing for The Madras Pioneer THE PAPER WITH THE CIRCULATION do aU kinds of Job Printing Heads, Note Heads, Bill Heads, Envelopes, Posters, Legal Blanks, Wedding Announcements anJ Invitations. Give us your next order CALL OR PHONE Soil Troubles and Wheat Culture Prof. H. L. Bolley of North Dakota Agricultural College, in Dry-Farming Bulletin, Prescribes Treatment for Sick Plants and Ground 9 Since I began to write about the findings of the Botanical Department of the North Dako ta Agricultural College Experi ment station relative to certain diseases of wheat which affect the roots, straw and seeds of the wheat plant, and which tend to be carried over from crop to .crop either in the seed or in the soil, certain people, not particularly well informed regarding farm ing methods, have exhibited con siderable needless apprehensions regarding the matter. Some, I fear, only pretend great appre hensions. Now let me say that I do not write about plant diseases for the purpose of frightening anyone, but am doing so to call farmers attention to conditions relative to proper cropping, so that they may raise as large crops each year as possible. This will tend to make the farmers prosperous and those whodeal in land and in the crops which the farmers grow, ought to be enough about their own welfare not to object when it is necessary to point out the difficulties which stand in the way of good agri culture. In calling the farmers atten tion to the fact that the methods which are, at present time most commonly followed in cropping to wheat in the northwest are bringing about a condition of soil sickness which is quite anal agus to the" flax-sick condition of soil. I am stating a plain truth, but there is nothinsr about this fact to cause anyone to worry about Minnesota or Dakota soils. These facts of disease have not hoon stated before, because no one had previously made proper studies upon wheat seeds, wneat roots and wheat soils to allow one to do so. This teaching which calls for a proper care of the wheat soils with reierence to their sanitary conditions for the trrnwth of wheat, it is true is new, but the diseases of wheat roots are old. Agriculturists have always known that proper long QerieH ornn rotations helD to raise a wheat crop, but they could not account for the rapid deteriorat ing of the wheat yields upon lnnrla vet. known to be fertile. It was usually said that rather con stant cropping to one crop tends to reduce the fertility of the soil below a pint at which a pay crop could be produced. However, of ten, the best sort ot rotations have failed miserably to give the results natural lv to be eXDected. This finding regarding internal ly infected seed and disease in fected soils is perhaps the chief explanation of such reduced yields on lands of known fertility and proper culture. Tn other words, now that we know about these rather persist ent wheat and sou trouoies, our farmers can take rational steps to cunteract their affects, indeed, in large part, to do away witn them. This is real doctrine of hone, hone that we can soon ar range such proper and succesful crop rotations, seed selections and seed treatment and so handle the farm manures that uniformly, much better results shall come from farm efforts; hope that by proper deep plow incr and the other necessary methods of culture, the older wheat areas may again be brought back to proper yields of normally plump grain at a rea sonable cost ot etiort. When the svmntoms and na ture of these wheat-root diseases are as well and generally under stood hv the farmini? miblie as is now the case with potato scab and wheat smut, farmers will see and understand auite clearlv the chief reasons for careful seed crradincr. seed treatment and fertility of the sou rotation. It m not. that fertihtv of the soil is so much im'ured bv the use of the single crop method as that its mechanical texture is spoiled and that it has hecome filled with the sort of disease germs which t -i. : i.vi. a!-. are ciiuruuiunuui; ui uiul jjui nlar nvon. There is nothinor about the na ture of the root diseases of wheat which may not rather easily be overcome by proper methods of no-rieulture when we can succeed in getting farmers generally to plow properly, harrow and pack properly and to use farm man ures; to grow and save their own seed; to grade and disinfect it; and to carry out proper crop rotations. As in the past, some such dis eases will appear in every crop just as some smut now escapes, but their occurence in generally destructive form should from now on be wholly .unnecessary. What to do: 1 Grow your seed. 2. Grade it each year to proper size, weight and color and treat it thoroughly before plant ing. 3. Rotate your crops, us ing four or five other sorts of crops on your fields between wheat crops. Pasture land, corn and flax usually gives the best results in the northwest. 4. In making use of barnyard manures which are made from wheat bar ley or oats straw, they should either be thoroughly composted or, if hauled fresh from the stables, the manure should be ap plied to grass, corn or potato lands at least two years before wheat is to be sown there. A good start for rotation to be ap plied to old wheat lands would be: 1. Grass, with manure spread on the grass. 2. Hay. 3. Pasture. 4. Corn. 6. Flax. a Tin i r u. vr neuu i. MODERfTDEVELOPlVlENT. Aoospttd Knowledge Not Always tho Ksynbto to Science. The science ot human surgery has been evolved from study and observa tions of, experiments on and experience with, an unvarying structure over a period aa long as the story of human 111b Is old. In tho sense that the pro fession of surgery bus ever followed methods founded on 'accepted knowl edge It has always practiced scientllic management During that time, how ever, It has known and taught many things that were not so. It was with in the memory" of men now living that surgery learned the Inestimable value of absolute clejfnllnesa. Wounded suf ferers on the battlefield were bled un der scientific management to reduce the consuming fever. Patients perish- Ing of thirst were- denied water be cause accepted knowledge decreed that It must not bo administered. Many Important discoveries were thrust upon the medical profession through what were regarded as blunders. Nature as serting Itself through a tortured pa tient, insano from suffering, trans gressed some Inflexible rule and revolu tionized a science. The development of the modern loco motive has in many Instances been ac complished by transgressing scientllic rules and disregarding the mandates of accepted knowledge. The injector la an Instance in point From the stand point of accepted knowledge it was re garded as so paradoxical for a jet of steam under a given pressure to enter a boiler against the same pressure and at the same time heat and carry along with it a quantity of water that In dignant scientists Immortalized their Ignorance by writing learned disserta tions to prove that it contradicted all the laws of conservation of energy Dogmatic Instructions are often limit ing. Unllko the human anatomy, the bones, muscles, arteries and nerves of a locomotlvo are not of the same struc ture In two classes of locomotives. Conditions and requirements are con stantly changing. The railroad sur geon is a developer and a creator, con stantly confronted by new conditions and called upon to solve problems on which past experience cast but little light nnd afforded but little guidance. George J. Burns In Engineering Maga zine. Petroleum Production. More than 200,000.000 barrels of oil. with a value of nearly $12S,000.000, were produced Id tho United Stages in 1010, according to David T. Day of the United States geological survey. The United States is now by far the greatest oil producing country. In fact, it produces more than all the rest of tho world together. In 1010 the weUs of this country yielded near ly 04 per cent of the total production, Russia scoring a very poor second, with about 70,000,000 barrels, or 21 pgr cent Tho production of other countries Is comparatively negligible, the third on tho list Gallcla, contribut ing only 8.87 per cent of the total. Mosquito Pest In the Klondike. Tho mosquito is more numerous In tho arctic zono than in tho troplcH, though there is no land too cold or too hot for its habitation, and the only placo where it is not found is in local ities wbcro thero is Uttlo or no mois ture. Thero is no country whero the mosquitoes are so largo and so numer ous as tboy aro in tho Klondike, und it la Impossible to destroy them, ns they propagate in tho heavy moss Unit grows there, which contains moisture almost equal to swamp lands. Roouperatlon From Fatigue, According to a French physician n short period of rest is sufficient to pre pare a person for now exertion after heavy but not protracted work, whllo longer rest is necessary after contin uous work of a lighter nature. Dr. Josoph A. 'Hohnos, director of tho federal bureau of mines, startled tho chomtsts with tho doolarutlon that ot all the coal mined In tho Unltod I States, fully one-half waa wastpd, Pas time Pool Hall Tucker & Culp, Proprietors MADRAS OREGON & & & G G G k Cigars, Tobacco, Confectionery ? Smokers' Articles, News Stand 5 T. S. Hamilton, Pres. H. Fbkkch, Vice-Pres. J. W. HoEcn, Cshr. EASTERN OREGON Banking Co. FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD DRAFTS ON ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD Cap tal Stock, $50,000 Deposits, $250,000 SHANIKO, OREGON I 37 JB tn TOMMY McCORMACK, Prop. Fine Wines, Liquors and Cigars FURNISHED ROOMS New and Up-to-Date Quarters Balfour-Guthrie & Co. For ROLLED BARLEY P. W. Ashley, Agt. Phone Your Orders Short and Direct Route to Portland and Other Western Oregon Points From Bend, Redmond and Central Oregon Via the Deschutes Branch Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company Through Car Service Between Bend and Portland DAILY TRAIN SCHEDULE i Leave Bend Deschutes Redmond Opal City Metolius " Madras Arrive Deschutes Jet. " The Dalles " Portland 6:30 a.m. 6:53 a.m. 7:21 a.m. 8:00 a m. 8:30 a.m. 8:45 a,m. 1.05 p.m. 1 :55 p ra, 5:30 p.m. Leave Portland tu roiio " Deschutes Jet. Arrive Madras " Metolius ' Opul City " Redmond " Deschutes " Bend 7:50 and 10 a m. 12:40 p.m 1:30 p.m 5:45 p.ir 6:00 p.m. 6:53 p.m 7:30 p.m. 7:55 p.m. 8:15 p.m. For further information call on any O.-W. R. & N. Agent, or write to WM. McMURRAY, General Passenger Agent Portland, Oregon Gems You Can Treasure A BAG IN THE BANK IS WORTH TWO in the HAND WJBANK Tnr- fy aro here galore. Brilliants of great beauty, pearls beyond price, rubies that ravish tho eyes, emoraldB that dazzle all beholders. If thinking of presents for tho fair sex now is your opportun. ity to cret tho finest jewelry at a sav ing. Hero wo show you the largest as sortmont in town and the best, too. A. E. Peterson Jeweler Madras, Orgo your Bavinga hidden away at home or Piri-U thorn al-i i... ...t.U . n.i . Z If , wimi jruu. rvnu pro tection havo you against fire or thieves? lie i wise, and deposit your surplus cask with us, where It will be positively . i nil jruur iricnus bdoui our reli ability as compared with other institu tlons. FARM LOANS AKD INSURANCE Madras State Bank :H 7