WOOD, COAL
LIME
CEMENT
PLASTER
.ffiiRfiR. SHINGLES
LATH T f
Tuni'-a-Lum LAimDer company
Dealer in Building Material of all kinds. Wc have
to itav and have juat completed our improvo
jacaU. We have one or the largest stocks to select
from found in Crook County. We sell the genuine
Rock Spring Coal, free from slate and give 2000
pounds for a ton. We deliver in the city. Phone.
Tum-A-Lum Lumber Company
WM W. ESSELSTYN, Local Manager
Madras
Oregon
LIVERY,
FEED
& SALE
STABLE
MADRAS, OREGON
G. V. STANTON
aiva
Your Orders Prompt Attention
Transit! Stock Given Best Of Feed And Care
I
HAS MEAT MARKET
MAP
d. L. Campbell.
Wholesale smd Retail Dealers t
PEESH MEATS
We havo the beat line of Freah Meats in the country
itt wnrnn nn mnrnnr TJTJnwni DTTJO TTJ mTJPTD orAOflll
ilk Liaiii Uf uAQUDn litUUiaDULO m mum oimuuii
Now u the time to do your buying
Everything at Cest for the Next Ten Days
Millinery, Luliec' Furnishings
Sweaters, Aviation Caps
Sbawls, Embroideries
Dolls, Hand Painted China
Japanese China, Small Jewelry
Hair Goods, Stamping
Save Your Tickets for Silverware
MRS. ISA E. B. CROSBY
J
Ashley Bros.
Rock Springs Lump Coal $11 per ton, delivered
Red Juniper body wood seasoned, $8 sawed, $7 4-ft. length
0. W. R. & N. Depot
Deliveries at any place within city of Madras
Start the New
Year RIGHT
by subscribing for
The Madras Pioneer
THE PAPER WITH THE
CIRCULATION
do aU kinds of
Job Printing
Heads, Note Heads, Bill Heads, Envelopes, Posters,
Legal Blanks, Wedding Announcements anJ Invitations.
Give us your next order
CALL OR PHONE
Soil Troubles and Wheat Culture
Prof. H. L. Bolley of North Dakota Agricultural College, in
Dry-Farming Bulletin, Prescribes Treatment for
Sick Plants and Ground
9
Since I began to write about
the findings of the Botanical
Department of the North Dako
ta Agricultural College Experi
ment station relative to certain
diseases of wheat which affect
the roots, straw and seeds of the
wheat plant, and which tend to
be carried over from crop to .crop
either in the seed or in the soil,
certain people, not particularly
well informed regarding farm
ing methods, have exhibited con
siderable needless apprehensions
regarding the matter. Some, I
fear, only pretend great appre
hensions. Now let me say that I
do not write about plant diseases
for the purpose of frightening
anyone, but am doing so to call
farmers attention to conditions
relative to proper cropping, so
that they may raise as large
crops each year as possible. This
will tend to make the farmers
prosperous and those whodeal in
land and in the crops which the
farmers grow, ought to be enough
about their own welfare not to
object when it is necessary to
point out the difficulties which
stand in the way of good agri
culture. In calling the farmers atten
tion to the fact that the methods
which are, at present time most
commonly followed in cropping to
wheat in the northwest are
bringing about a condition of
soil sickness which is quite anal
agus to the" flax-sick condition of
soil. I am stating a plain truth,
but there is nothinsr about this
fact to cause anyone to worry
about Minnesota or Dakota soils.
These facts of disease have not
hoon stated before, because no
one had previously made proper
studies upon wheat seeds, wneat
roots and wheat soils to allow
one to do so. This teaching
which calls for a proper care of
the wheat soils with reierence
to their sanitary conditions for
the trrnwth of wheat, it is true
is new, but the diseases of wheat
roots are old. Agriculturists have
always known that proper long
QerieH ornn rotations helD to raise
a wheat crop, but they could not
account for the rapid deteriorat
ing of the wheat yields upon
lnnrla vet. known to be fertile. It
was usually said that rather con
stant cropping to one crop tends
to reduce the fertility of the soil
below a pint at which a pay crop
could be produced. However, of
ten, the best sort ot rotations
have failed miserably to give the
results natural lv to be eXDected.
This finding regarding internal
ly infected seed and disease in
fected soils is perhaps the chief
explanation of such reduced
yields on lands of known fertility
and proper culture.
Tn other words, now that we
know about these rather persist
ent wheat and sou trouoies, our
farmers can take rational steps
to cunteract their affects, indeed,
in large part, to do away witn
them. This is real doctrine of
hone, hone that we can soon ar
range such proper and succesful
crop rotations, seed selections
and seed treatment and so
handle the farm manures that
uniformly, much better results
shall come from farm efforts;
hope that by proper deep plow
incr and the other necessary
methods of culture, the older
wheat areas may again be
brought back to proper yields of
normally plump grain at a rea
sonable cost ot etiort.
When the svmntoms and na
ture of these wheat-root diseases
are as well and generally under
stood hv the farmini? miblie as is
now the case with potato scab
and wheat smut, farmers will
see and understand auite clearlv
the chief reasons for careful seed
crradincr. seed treatment and
fertility of the sou rotation. It
m not. that fertihtv of the soil is
so much im'ured bv the use of
the single crop method as that its
mechanical texture is spoiled and
that it has hecome filled with
the sort of disease germs which
t -i. : i.vi. a!-.
are ciiuruuiunuui; ui uiul jjui
nlar nvon.
There is nothinor about the na
ture of the root diseases of wheat
which may not rather easily be
overcome by proper methods of
no-rieulture when we can succeed
in getting farmers generally to
plow properly, harrow and pack
properly and to use farm man
ures; to grow and save their
own seed; to grade and disinfect
it; and to carry out proper crop
rotations.
As in the past, some such dis
eases will appear in every crop
just as some smut now escapes,
but their occurence in generally
destructive form should from
now on be wholly .unnecessary.
What to do: 1 Grow your
seed. 2. Grade it each year to
proper size, weight and color and
treat it thoroughly before plant
ing. 3. Rotate your crops, us
ing four or five other sorts of
crops on your fields between
wheat crops. Pasture land, corn
and flax usually gives the best
results in the northwest. 4. In
making use of barnyard manures
which are made from wheat bar
ley or oats straw, they should
either be thoroughly composted
or, if hauled fresh from the
stables, the manure should be ap
plied to grass, corn or potato
lands at least two years before
wheat is to be sown there. A
good start for rotation to be ap
plied to old wheat lands would
be:
1. Grass, with manure spread
on the grass.
2. Hay.
3. Pasture.
4. Corn.
6. Flax.
a Tin i r
u. vr neuu i.
MODERfTDEVELOPlVlENT.
Aoospttd Knowledge Not Always tho
Ksynbto to Science.
The science ot human surgery has
been evolved from study and observa
tions of, experiments on and experience
with, an unvarying structure over a
period aa long as the story of human
111b Is old. In tho sense that the pro
fession of surgery bus ever followed
methods founded on 'accepted knowl
edge It has always practiced scientllic
management During that time, how
ever, It has known and taught many
things that were not so. It was with
in the memory" of men now living that
surgery learned the Inestimable value
of absolute clejfnllnesa. Wounded suf
ferers on the battlefield were bled un
der scientific management to reduce
the consuming fever. Patients perish-
Ing of thirst were- denied water be
cause accepted knowledge decreed that
It must not bo administered. Many
Important discoveries were thrust upon
the medical profession through what
were regarded as blunders. Nature as
serting Itself through a tortured pa
tient, insano from suffering, trans
gressed some Inflexible rule and revolu
tionized a science.
The development of the modern loco
motive has in many Instances been ac
complished by transgressing scientllic
rules and disregarding the mandates of
accepted knowledge. The injector la
an Instance in point From the stand
point of accepted knowledge it was re
garded as so paradoxical for a jet of
steam under a given pressure to enter
a boiler against the same pressure and
at the same time heat and carry along
with it a quantity of water that In
dignant scientists Immortalized their
Ignorance by writing learned disserta
tions to prove that it contradicted all
the laws of conservation of energy
Dogmatic Instructions are often limit
ing. Unllko the human anatomy, the
bones, muscles, arteries and nerves of
a locomotlvo are not of the same struc
ture In two classes of locomotives.
Conditions and requirements are con
stantly changing. The railroad sur
geon is a developer and a creator, con
stantly confronted by new conditions
and called upon to solve problems on
which past experience cast but little
light nnd afforded but little guidance.
George J. Burns In Engineering Maga
zine. Petroleum Production.
More than 200,000.000 barrels of oil.
with a value of nearly $12S,000.000,
were produced Id tho United Stages
in 1010, according to David T. Day of
the United States geological survey.
The United States is now by far the
greatest oil producing country. In
fact, it produces more than all the
rest of tho world together. In 1010
the weUs of this country yielded near
ly 04 per cent of the total production,
Russia scoring a very poor second,
with about 70,000,000 barrels, or 21
pgr cent Tho production of other
countries Is comparatively negligible,
the third on tho list Gallcla, contribut
ing only 8.87 per cent of the total.
Mosquito Pest In the Klondike.
Tho mosquito is more numerous In
tho arctic zono than in tho troplcH,
though there is no land too cold or too
hot for its habitation, and the only
placo where it is not found is in local
ities wbcro thero is Uttlo or no mois
ture. Thero is no country whero the
mosquitoes are so largo and so numer
ous as tboy aro in tho Klondike, und it
la Impossible to destroy them, ns they
propagate in tho heavy moss Unit
grows there, which contains moisture
almost equal to swamp lands.
Roouperatlon From Fatigue,
According to a French physician n
short period of rest is sufficient to pre
pare a person for now exertion after
heavy but not protracted work, whllo
longer rest is necessary after contin
uous work of a lighter nature.
Dr. Josoph A. 'Hohnos, director of
tho federal bureau of mines, startled
tho chomtsts with tho doolarutlon that
ot all the coal mined In tho Unltod
I States, fully one-half waa wastpd,
Pas
time Pool Hall
Tucker & Culp, Proprietors
MADRAS
OREGON
& & & G G G k
Cigars, Tobacco, Confectionery
? Smokers' Articles, News Stand
5
T. S. Hamilton, Pres. H. Fbkkch, Vice-Pres. J. W. HoEcn, Cshr.
EASTERN
OREGON
Banking Co.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD
DRAFTS ON ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD
Cap tal Stock, $50,000
Deposits, $250,000
SHANIKO, OREGON I
37 JB
tn
TOMMY McCORMACK, Prop.
Fine Wines, Liquors and Cigars
FURNISHED ROOMS New and Up-to-Date Quarters
Balfour-Guthrie & Co.
For
ROLLED BARLEY
P. W. Ashley, Agt. Phone Your Orders
Short and Direct Route to Portland
and Other Western Oregon Points
From
Bend, Redmond
and
Central Oregon
Via the Deschutes Branch
Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company
Through Car Service Between Bend and Portland
DAILY TRAIN SCHEDULE
i
Leave Bend
Deschutes
Redmond
Opal City
Metolius
" Madras
Arrive Deschutes Jet.
" The Dalles
" Portland
6:30 a.m.
6:53 a.m.
7:21 a.m.
8:00 a m.
8:30 a.m.
8:45 a,m.
1.05 p.m.
1 :55 p ra,
5:30 p.m.
Leave Portland
tu roiio
" Deschutes Jet.
Arrive Madras
" Metolius
' Opul City
" Redmond
" Deschutes
" Bend
7:50
and 10 a m.
12:40 p.m
1:30 p.m
5:45 p.ir
6:00 p.m.
6:53 p.m
7:30 p.m.
7:55 p.m.
8:15 p.m.
For further information call on any O.-W. R. & N. Agent, or write to
WM. McMURRAY,
General Passenger Agent
Portland, Oregon
Gems You Can Treasure
A BAG IN THE BANK IS
WORTH TWO in the HAND
WJBANK
Tnr- fy
aro here galore. Brilliants of great
beauty, pearls beyond price, rubies that
ravish tho eyes, emoraldB that dazzle
all beholders. If thinking of presents
for tho fair sex now is your opportun.
ity to cret tho finest jewelry at a sav
ing. Hero wo show you the largest as
sortmont in town and the best, too.
A. E. Peterson
Jeweler
Madras, Orgo
your Bavinga hidden away at home or
Piri-U thorn al-i i... ...t.U . n.i .
Z If , wimi jruu. rvnu pro
tection havo you against fire or thieves?
lie i wise, and deposit your surplus cask
with us, where It will be positively .
i nil jruur iricnus bdoui our reli
ability as compared with other institu
tlons. FARM LOANS AKD INSURANCE
Madras State Bank
:H
7