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About The Albany register. (Albany, Or.) 1868-18?? | View Entire Issue (Feb. 5, 1875)
51 U il H W Itv 0 1 5 1 t 'pj , ,, r..11-.y"-M"' warn fV?BT THTDIT BY COLL. CLEYE. ALBANY, OREGON. SLANG. It may be that wo are unconscious that we adopt and incorporate slang phrases in our daily talk, but that we have done so is certainly proved by a writer in American Homes, who gives -we canhear used almost every day : 1 yfQ can near uaeu auuuu everjr uay ;Ws allow ourselves to say of a rich man thatjb&hjs drunken man that he is "tight "or ' "boozy ;" of; anything that pleases us ' or is satisfactory,. that it is " stunning. " Awful ' is ' considered ft better word than very, and ve are awrul.' cold, or hot, or sick, or .jolly, as the case may be ; it is finer to say " you bet," than to answer a question by a simple yes ; ev erything that annoys us is . "inJ eruaX' or .f beastly; bank-bills are 'f green backs." I heard a lady in good socie ty say recently that her dressmaker, had disappointed her, .and that in oonse " quence she was regularly up a tree -we threaten, not to humiliate or morti fy a man, but "to take the starch out of him ;" we rack our brains to invent ! ' slang words for Various drinks, -'and bring out such, names as M forty-rod-,-" tangle-foot,"" rot-gut," jblue ruin" '.and "Jersey lightning,, words that woud more than puzzle a foreigner ; man is not cheated, but "done brown,'' or " bamboozled , railroad, conductors : do 'not steal, X"1 ,acii,(re are getting a little sensitive about, using the word); "but " knock down ; bank, cashiers do - not swindle and steal, but commit "ir regularities ;" we hear of a house being ' burgled, and '"that two footpads went through " a belated, traveler ; a fair dealer . is spoken of as a " square : man,' a most wonderful luxus natures ; a substantial dinner is spoken of as a square ; meal ;" we . . hear invitations given, not to . take a - drink, but to " hoist in some poison ; anything an tiquated or exhausted is played out j" , . an insufficient excuse is said to be " too thin, '. or we are told that it " will not wash ;" we buy stocks on a " margin," or sell them , short," or " bull." the . market, or take a fiver," or " scoop in a long line, of etocks ;" we do not stake a sum of money, but " bet our pile ;" after a convivial party we next morning" find 'ourselves "precious " seedy ;" .our',., railroad , trains " tele : scope," - or a " Pullman breaks a ! wheel ; a party of rowdies " clean out" - a drinking saloon ; a big man threatens V.to " wipe out": a little one ; we do not outwit or circumvent another, but " eu- : chare ; him ;' we . take, the shine out of a rival, and " fix his flint for him;" .- a carpenter " rums, up " a cheap house ; in a week ; an ' investigating committee ; in Congress whitewashes " the ehar i acterof tome defaulter, ' and so on and : bo forth1 in all the departments cf busi , ness and trade and social intercourse, we : permit ourselves to use words and phrases which are of no authority, often . vulgar, and always needless.- ZlAGATION 'EXTRA ORDINARY, . John H. Gonzales,: while getting off ' .at Mount Vernon from an up passenger train on the New York and Harlem rail' road, on the 25th of November, 1864, was killed by a down express train. His widow sued the company and ob- ' ' tained a verdict for $5,000. The Court s 'of Appeals reversed the judgment en - the ground that Gonzales was guilty of contributory negligence , in getting off on the west side, where : there was ho - platform. The case was tried over, and at the close of the plaintiffs case a motion to dismiss the complaint on the . ground of contributory negligence by - Gonzales was granted. "The Court of Appeals held ; the non-suit . improper, ..and-again, granted a new trial. - The railroad company was characterized as guilty ' ox gross negligence in bo axran ging the time table as to have an express .train thundering by fa station, wi thin- cine minute of the stoppage of an ac commodation train, and the company was held bound to have a platform on both sides of . the road. On the third trial Mrs. Gonzales again, secured, a verdict, , which, on 'appeal, the . General Term set aside on the ground that the - Judge who tried it should have granted the motion for a non-suit. The case went far the third time to the Court 'of Appeals, and there the appeal' was dis missed. The fourth trial, whica was begun some, days - ago .before, . Judge iFreedman, . was . concluded by the court ' directing a "verdict in favor of the railroad company,' on tbe ground that Gonzales, by: the Treasonable and ordinary use of Ma organs of hearing. eould have been warned of the approach f the express train. : The case will again go to the Court: of -Appeals. While the highest recovery possible tinder the laws of New . "York is only 5.000. the accrued costs amount , to many times that sum. ' ;' -.: ,i i' j. '.-;, -tili ' .t. Tepb production of opium in Asia Minor, whiob in former yean averaged annually from 2,000 to 3,000 baskets or caseai each containing 150 pounds, has of late years much increased,' and the cropr now averages j f rem 400Q to, 6,000 baskets. ' Oat of this quantify, which is shipped at Smyrna, the, United States take above . 2,000 , cases, England at one time consumed a large proportion. , The Dutch ( East India Company also, for many years have purchased large quantities annually ' to send to the ilnds of Java, Baitaraa and Sumatra, d of late years the consumption genT ralry has largely mcrease. especially for North and Bouth America and the "West Indies Turkey opium is always preferred in England before that of India, as it coutains a much Eigne per- r . murpiua nan either Indian or Persian ; it is on this account that the greater portion of the opium used for medicinal purposes both in Europe and '-iwrit-tiw MpTodnctionof"ABia: umior. xiie price 01 tnis omum in r nr. . . . the market has advanced much of late ; fifteen years ago the Average price was about nftef shillings !ter pound, and. now itf realises .about ix ner nonrid. though th Jais fharictef even oft this protocihianashed by a system of dulteratioji .whica has prevailed during the past" two years. About 300 Cases of this Al n 1 for-a isA , " ', , that purchasers are now very careful from whom they obtain the drug. A. PERSE YJSHING WOMAN. : "A few years ago, says the Cmcinnati Commercial ' kn American lady while studying medicine abroad, having been refused admittance to a course of med ical lectures in ene of the most noted universities in Germany, determined to put on male costume and pass herself off for ajybungman. ')' One day an Amer ican Consul "was summoned to a hotel to ' see a lady from the United States. As there was no' reception room in the hotel, he was shown' to the room indi cated in the note he had received by the servant. 'He' looked in vain for the lady, but eaw what he supposed was a young ' man sitting on a trunk. He Was jsoon undeceived, ; The, "boy said he was simply in : disguise, and set forth af length the reasons for such ex traordinary eonducLi She said she was resolved to , attend that course of lect ures, and had called in the Consul to give her real name and place of resi dence is the United States, so that in case of trouble she could appeal to him for protection. The position of the Consul was a novel one, but he finally consented to take the lady's statement, and promised to keep the secret invio late, unless she was discovered. This did not happen. The disguise an Bwered the purpose ; the lady remained at the institution a year,, passed through the course with honor, and is, doubtless, now applying the knowledge gained in her practice somewhere in the United States. We suppress all names of persons . and places for obvious rea sons, and give the fact in illustration of the indomitable perseverance of women ambitious of a professional career in pursuit of knowledge under difficulties, . A. A'EW CAPRICE. And now Fashion demands that her female votaries must dress like wild animals. ' All the new tissues resemble furs ; a few years ago young ladies were said to wear Dolly Vardens, so now they will put on their " camels.' That is the generic name by which the Parisian modistes have called this year's fabrics, though of ' course there is a variety al lowed, and a young lady may appear as a' reindeer, as a bear, as a northern elk- in fact, as any rough-skinned animal she may select.. But it is necessary that the skin should consist of as fewfpieces as possible. The ' ' camel" and a collar, which will be known in the fashionable world as a dog's collar, will complete the costume.' This new invention of the French . dressmakers has not so muoh originality after alL The idea is merely a development of the Ulster greatcoat, which was borrowed a couple of years ago from the Irish peasantry. But even in winter, there may be days when the " camel" weuld be too warm. and so less heavy garments have to be prepared. Still, the relations with the animal world will be kept up. Ladies, when they cannot go like beasts, will go out like birds. : All trimmings are to be made of feathers cocks' feathers, pheasants' feathers, peacocks feathers. This plumage is to cover the dresses, but a whole bird will be in the hat. A very fashionable lady may, therefore, assume a parrot's' head and a peacock's tafL "-' What next ? THE AEW HKITISR POLAR EXPEVI , . ; - HON This expedition, which will consist of two , steam whale-ships . and about 120 men and officers, will leave this country next summer,; and . proceed through Davis. Straits,., up Baffin's Bay to the Danish settlements of Disco and Uper- navik. These will be its base. Then, still heading northward, the volunteers will enter Smith's Sound, and one will be left as an intermediate depot in 81 degrees north .latitude, in a fixed posi tion; while the second will press on into the open sea which, it is' believed, ex ists about ' the PoleJ ; The depot-ship will be about '546 miles' from the Pole, and the retreat upon it in case of disaster-will not be difficult to men with sledges. The -expedition will have or ders in any case fc return in the autumn of 1877, and a steamer will probably be sent to the depot-ship in the summer of 1876 to bring back news of the condi tion of the expedition and the details of such information as may have been obtained. The report that Commander Markham has been selected to command the expedition is premature. The Ad miralty' are''- divided between the ap pointment of a - young, " comparatively inexperienced officer,' and a senior offi cer of experience; but ' with ' weight of years." ine cost w me expeaiuon is estimated at 30,000. a year. London Paper?6 ,: '" " V ' ' :'-''" - ! " f TO BE REMEMBERED. ' If, ,you have, a crack in .the wall in the. corner, of the. room, or anywhere else, do not send for the piasterer, .but get five or, ten. cents worth .of dry plaster of Paris wet , with . oold swater; then take, -your finger and irtib . it into the crevice till it is smooths Bad nail holes in; the wall can,, be done in the same way.,, Should the top of your lamp be come loose, take it off and wash it with soap r wash the glass also, then put the plaster around the glass ; put the brass top' on again, let it stand until harden ed, and it is ready for use again. -'A lamp never fhould be filled quite full, asthe kerosene softens the plaster. -: - i A HARD STORY ABOUT ALASKA. Mr. Henry Elliott, who went to Alas ka: last summer as Special Agen(; of the Treasury to look after the interests of the government "on the island where the seal fur is taken, is preparing a report on the value of the entire territory to the United States which will have the merit of being based upon the extend ed personal observations of the writer. Mr. Elliott has spent a great deal of tim in Alaska, -both, -before and since its purchase, and has probably seen j more of its rocks and icebergs than any other American. All the stories of its mineral wealth, and of the value ef its fisheries," he ' says, "are pure fictions. Its surface - is a mass of basaltic rock, which, as all geologists know, contains no mineral deposits. What little soil there is produces little that is useful to man, and the fisheries, which were de scribed as of immense value when the treaty for buying the region was pend ing, do not yield food enough to sup ply the natives. . The only portion of the vast donain which yields any rev enue to the government is the fur seal islands. From the tax on the skins of the animals taken on these islands the Treasury gets about $300,000 annually. Against this single item of revenue Mr. Elliott offsets the cost of maintaining troops in the Territory, which amounts to about $350,000 a year, and the , ex pense of a civil establishment at Sitka and the seal islands. Without counting interest on the purchase money paid Russia, which, at six per cent., would amount to $420,000 a year, the balance sheet shows a heavy deficit. Washing ton Letter to the New York Tribune. UTILIZATION OP LEATHER WASTE. While numerous processes for util izing the offal, in the manufacture of leather are in successful . operation, there has been a comparatively open field respecting leather waste. At the Vienna Exposition, leather . was shown suitable for heels, toe-caps and inner soles, prepared from leather clippings, according to a French method, by sim ply mixing them with some adhesive substance, forming the mass into rec tangular plates on top of each other, subjecting them to hydraulic pressure, and then drying and rolling them. This article was restricted in use because it could not withstand moisture. A Co penhagen firm, however, exhibited for the first time an article made upon an entirely different - plan. The leather scraps were first converted, in a suitable machine, into a sort of leather-wood, which was then mixed with caoutchouc and different chemical agents, kneaded by machinery into a thick, pasty mass, and then formed in metal molds, and dried and subjected to a gradually-in creasing pressure until it was finished under 6,000 to 10,000 pounds to the square inch. The appearance of leather is imparted to it by a light coating. Articles manufactured by this material are said to be 50 per cent, cheaper than those made from leather, and can be made in the some manner, while they are at the same time per fectly water-proof. Chemical investi gation shows it to consist of about 40 per cent, of caoutchouc and 60 per cent, leather. A PRENCH WOMAN. Wolves still infest certain portions of France, and one especially ferocious and dangerous lately harbored near Aube. The ravages of this wolf have been for a long time remarkable ; the flocks and herds have suffered, while even men feared to pass near the haunts of the beast after nightfall. Various attempts were made to exterminate the brute, but his cunning always enabled him to escape the hunters. Not long ago a certain Madame Guinot was pass ing near the . wood, when she saw the wolf. She had a pitchfork with her and stones were plenty. She threw stones at the animal and it retired into a thiket , where its escape was not happily practicable. Madame Guinot charged with her pitchfork and pinned the wolf to the ground. The contest which ensued was lively, but it termi nated with a dead wolf and a woman with somewhat disarranged garments. The little lambs about Aube now skip about as freely as the scriptural hills, and the price of mutton has ceased to rise. ' The hunters about Aube are, it is to be presumed, convinced that some people can do things as well as other people, " especially when some people are women with pitchforks. WASHING POSTA.QE STAMPS. The Western Postal Record says : The washing of postage stamps is probably the most profitable species of laundry work in this or any other coun try. . Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen eral Barber estimates that the govern ment is annually defrauded put of $1,000,000, or about five per cent, of the amount of stamps sold, by the use of stamps that have been' used .once and then washed, and fitted for ubo a second time. This seems an enormous sum, but Mr. Barber has given the matter long and careful examination. Who it was, or what -organized band of men, is not yet known, but it is evident that the washing of stamps has become a systematized business. As yet the gov ernment has only , one . method of re venge. In many cases a washed stamp may be easily, detected. , When, this happens, and Postmasters are ' requested to scrutinize closely, the letter on which the washed stamp is found is forwarded to the dead letter office. , Vax.tjb of Fabx Stock. Mr. Statis tician Dodge ' estimates the average value of horses in the United States. in 1S74 at 871.45 per head: mules, $39.22; oxen and other cattle, $19.15 ; milch cows, $27.99 ; sheep, $2.61; hogs, $4.36. In 1870 the average value of each was : Horses, $81.38; mules, $109.01 ; oxen and other cattle, $22.64 ; : milch cows, $39.12 ; cheep, $2.28 ; hogs, $6.99. Cattle were higher in 1869 and are lower now than at anytaJHBome of the blocfcs Vtl&'SrZZGffl&TH!' within a period of seven years. A FAMILY REUNITED. ,f " One of the most extraordinary stories of loDg-loskand finally-restored ichil dren is this, which is told by the forte land (Oregon) Bulletin : p. "We just learned of a strange incident which has recently transpired in-; this ' city,.'and fully proves; that truth is ofttimes strancer than fiction. Miss Gemma Fra ankle, well known to many - city, will be a passenger on thereat -going steamer to San Francisco", In route to visit her parents, in Florence? Italy, whom she has no recollection of ever having seen. When she was three and a half years old she was given to a fam ily named Stokes, who -promised to educate and provide for her until she was eighteen years of age. She was then taken to England, India, Ger many, China, Australia, Calif ornia, and last to Portland, Oregon, traveling with a cirCHU: " W hen she reached this city, about fourwears ago, she attained her eighteenthryear, and left the company and took up her hon.e here. She at once entered a printing-office and learn ed to set type, and has been succeeding admirably,' winning hosts of friends by her admirable disposition , and modest retirement. She had been in Portland but a short time when she caused letters td be sent to the United States Consul in Florence, with her photograph, re questing that steps -be taken to ascer tain the whereabouts of her parents, if living. In a short time they were found,, and the happiness given- the family at home, who had advertised in almost every country on ' the globe for their lost daughter, can better be im agined than described. They forward ed sufficient means to carry her from the land of the setting sun across the blue waters to the vine-clad hills of her Italian home. She goes, and with her the kind wishes of a hundred friends." A MOTHER OF CRIMINALS, t : ; The discovery of a remarkable fact in crime statistics was recently made by Dr. Harris, of New York. His atten tion was called to a county on the upper Hudson where was shown an extraor dinary proportion of crime and poverty to the whole population 480 of its 40,- 000 population being in the poor-house. In an investigation of the records the doctor found a continual recurrence of certain " names. This led him to look into the genealogies of the families, and, after patient and honest search, he found that from a girl named Margaret, who was a waif upon the county seven ty years ago, and was permitted to grow up, nobody knew how from her two hundred recruits to the subsequent ly established alms-house had descend ed. In one generation of her miserable issue there were twenty children, sev enteen of whom survived to maturity. Of these nine served in the penitentiary for high crimes an average of fifty years, while the others were habitual inmates of jails and : poor-houses. Through six generations the! whole number of .the descendants of this girl Margaret has been nine hundred. Two hundred are criminals, as shown of rec ord, while - a large number have been idiots, imbeciles, lunatics, prostitutes and paupers. All of which shows how crime may be generated. POE8 LAST MOMENTS. In a new volume of Poe's poems, R. H. Stoddard, the late John B. Thomp son's literary executor (who, by the way, was Poe's best friend), thus gives the last scene in the life of Poe ; "He started from Richmond October 2, 1849, and arrived at Baltimore between trains, and unfortunately took a drink with a friend, the consequence of which was that he was brought back from Havre de Grace in a state of delirium. It was on the eve of a municipal election, and as ho wandered up and down the streets of Baltimore he was secured by the lawless agent? of a political olub and locked up in a cellar all night. - The next morning he was taken out in a state of frenzy, drugged, and made to vote in eleven different wards.' The following day he was found in a back room at the political headquarters and removed to a hospital. He was insen sible when found, and remained so on October 7. The doctor and nurse were with him when he first showed, con sciousness.' Where am i?' he asked. They answered, ' Tou are cared for by your best friends.' After a pause, in which he seemed to recall what had oc curred, and to realize his situation, Poe replied, . 'My best friend would be the mart who would blew; out my brains.' Within ten minutes he was dead.".'"' ; ; : . ,.,:: i A HANDSOME OFFER. , i Mr. James Vick, the famous florist of Rochester, N. Y., has authorized' the officers of every State' and Territorial agricultural society ' to offer in - his behalf the following premiums:- For the best collection of cut flowers, $29; second best, $10 ; third best, $5 ; fourth best,' floral chromo. The offer is made to amateurs only, and the flowers to be exhibited at the regular annual fairs, the awards to be made by the' regular judges, or by any committee appointed for the purpose. He also authorizes the officers of every county society in America te -offer one of his floral chromos for the best exhibition of cut flowers. Full terms and conditions will be made known to the - officers of any society on application to Mr. Vick. Peoria Transcript. Whelk T. D. Jones was in Columbus modeling his bust of Chase, a young man of the Sparkle order of architect ure approached him one night at a social gathering with the following in quiry : " Er-er -say I er-er so you're the man er that makes mud-heads; ain't you ?" " Yes," said old r Tom; blandly, " do you want a new one ?" , : STONES OF SIZE. the construction of the Treasury build A 111 g at Washington are the largest ever moved in this Scountry, and they were all carried from the eastern part a4 uuune. t zney were wansportea f to Washington by water, and, after their arrival thecemoved by ox-power upn a sort of double pulley system, a disV tance o.f two railes, to the spot where they were wanted for use. The work comparative ease,' not more than eight or ten yokes of oxen being employed to move a block- weighing more thaiTBev enty tons. The flinted pillars, great building, are forty feet long, and weigh fifty tons at least. t The r largest blocks, thirty, to forty feet thick', we'ghcf upf-' Ward of seventy tons. The facility with which these large blocks were moved and fixed ia their places was'a' source of wonderment, and seemed to admiring spectators to be the perfection o me chanical skill and ingenuity. And yet how insignificent the achievement when compared with the triumphs of - ancient art. . In the foundation of the "great Temple of the Sun, at.lSaalbeo' may still be seen, even in the second course, stones which are 37 feet long and 9 feet thick; and under these, about 20 feet from the ground, three stones which alone occupy 182 feet' in "lerfgthy 12 high. . These three .stones are eati-H mated to weigh 900 tons each t . But we read of an Egyptian idol-temple, Buris, far surpassing this, in which there was a sanctuary composed of a single block of ; granite sixtj feet square. This is the largest and heaviest stone men tioned in the history of nations". -' - ?- ' SCORPION SUICIDE. ' ' ' A ' ppientist writes : .." Qne . morning a servant brought to me a large speci men of this scorpion, whieh, having staid but too long, in its nocturnal ran- bles, had apparently got bewildered at daybreak, and been unable to find its way home. To keep it safe,' the' creaij ure was at oneput. into a glazedentomol ogicalcase. .Having a few leisure minutes in the course of the forenoon, I thought I would see. how my .prisoner was get ting on, and to ixave a better, yiew5of it the case was placed in a window, in the rays of a hot- sun. The light and heat seemed to irritate it veryt much andjoces this recalled to my mind a story which I had read somewhere, that a scorpion on being surrounded with fire, had com mitted suicide. I hesitated about sub jecting my pet to such a terrible ordeal, but, taking a common botanical lens, I focused the rays of the, sun on its back. The moment this was done it began to run hurriedly ,abo?t the case, hissing and spitting in a very fierce way This experiment was repeated some four or five times with like; results but en' trying once again, the scorpion turned up its its tail and plunged the sting, quick as' lightning, into its own back The infliction of the wound. was fol lowed by a sudden escape of fluid, and a friend . standing by me. called . out : 'See.it has stung itself itf is "dead; and sure enough, in less than half a minute life was quite extinct. I have written this notice to show (1) that animals may commit suicide ; (2) that the poison of certain animals may be destructive to themselves." GONE WITH BIS WIFE. The old story of a room with a num ber of windows,' one of which disap peared every day, and the, room grad ually contracted until it crushed its oc cupant to death,- evidently haunted the brain of a despairing Parisian ' jeweler who recently committed suicide. The unlucky Frenchman, inconsolable for the loss of his better half, became Bn'.i ject to a species of somnambulism. He was accustomed to wear a gold necklace, one oi nis late wile s ievorite ornament-),' and he used to say to his friends that the necklace daily grew smaller, and that his wife was thus painlessly killing him, much to his joy. The fact was that the somnambulist : rose' ' every night and went in his sleep down to his in struments, knocked off a link of the necklace and put on the fastening again. Next morning he found the collar small er, and having no recollection of what he had done, attributed the event to supernatural influence. This continued for, some time, when the necklace grew so small that, in fastening it en, the hapless widower actually garreted him self to death. ' .' ''"V. .7" : ! PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DISEASE. A writer in Chambers' Journal speaks of the fact as decidedly noteworthy that the common opinion thrt excessive men tal occupation: gravitates toward insan ity, is not only not verified by facts, but that, on the contrary, . one of .the foremost ! living ' "physicians ; doubts whether alienation of mind is ever the result of overstrain; it is to, physical, net to mental, derangement, he thinks, that excessive work f the brain gener ally gives rise. Insanity, he points out. nnas tne most suisaoie material ior its development among the' -cloddish! un educated classes, while the worst forms of physical diseases are originated and intensified by the educated, overstrain ed brain workers." ' I - 'H'- i-Tra Virginia, City (Nevada) Chroji. cle tells how some of the people en gaged in silver mining wake up in the morning to find 'themselves. .million aires. "Gen. Thomas H. Williams," it says, " holds in his own name &06 ihares of California, and 3,000 shares of ! Consolidated Virginia; - The first cost him little or nothing, it having. been -awarded rum at the time of the California ronBOUoion tor !hVfcUmtea 201 ihTndia, ana 14X of 1 Central "No." 2. He shares' in California paikHsell'his $l,yoU,uw,' ana - nis - snares ;m Consolidated Virginia for' $750,000, a total .of-, $2,700,000. 'His clear profit, if he sells in time, will.Jbe over: $2,000,000.. In the last 4wearjM four hours California has risen $100 a "BttSTe. " The "'Ueherals 'pront in those twenty-four hours has been $650,000 ; more thafr an hour $500 a mmu - n '3 VJi CREATION. ir acd: imnortant discov- erifca were maqei oy jrroi. uope, me iTitrT7?. great nufiralistr'Whb accompanied the Wheeler exploring expedition upon its geological survey west of the one hun dredth meridia: loaf CT.TnT-.o or.A fall I ue o and Santa r e numer- ous fossil shells and teeth of extinct fishesrelpicednpA,uiqna eel lection of a large number of most beautifully-preserved invertebrate remains was procured near Taos. South of the P&jSrs niountains-,"the sand: beds ahd blags of the pliocene, formation, fij Jhe valley of the Rio 'Grande.' These are tfjaCaeposits of a laSe of 1CTfcnparatrvely' I modern age, and in. some localities"they auouuu in remains ui wo o tons of the animals that inhabited tbe surrounding continent at that . time. Mastodons of , species, quite 'different froia that so frequently found iri the Eastern States were found, to be abun dant,' while camels and horses had evi tleniily existed in droves, One of , ,the most singular 'discoveries was that of deeVVhich did not shed their horti8,:8S 4o jnodern species of that .. type ; but d there was abundant ' reason to believe that they were frequently broken off in combats. To keep jtha herbjvereus animals in check 'there were, -several species of wild dogs, while to eat them whenife had departed, a large vulture, allied to the turkey-buzzard, was pre; Ssj the fossil remains, demon-. strate. Forty'iniles south"of Santa Fe nu- chi ding those of the hairy elephant. On the River Charna was discovered apezprmous mass of lacustrine depos its of some 3,000 feet in thickness, which cover an area of at ' least 3.000 . . . . . f sqiire: miles (probably more), which include remains of the jpidest mamma lian fauna of this continent, and which correspond to the lowest of the fossil- Lbfsariag beds of Wyoming. f AbbiiV lot) species of animals were obtained, of which two-thisds ane mammalia, and -a large percentage new,, to aciencQ. The were very, numerous, and turtles swarmedl The mammalia did notemTprace many of the modern classes, but exhibit, according -to the prelimi-' narj?. reports published by , order, of Lieutr Wheeler, characters of orders of , which little has been , known. The largest species were those of the genus Bathmodori, of which five species Were 'discotveredV?which range rom thesize of tne Indian rhinoceros lb lhat"of the Japir. .They resembled closely the ele4 phatt is the structure of the feet and1 legs, but the tapir and the bear in the character, of the skull. They were armed with' most "ftiadable tusks,' and heir crania .were sojid and .well thick ened to repel attack. : Besides these 4here were numeroua ' species more nearly resembling the tapirs,' and in some remote degree the horses, of a more harmless type, while - a numerous population of camivoraj restricted the increase of the rest. ! Sixteen species of flesh-eating forms were found, some of them minute, and ot hers of oerfnl make, but all far removed from the ex isting types, and , more , or less related in structure to other kinds of quadru peds,' espec ially to; those of insectivbr-l ous habits. Some'Of " them fiossessW teeth of extraordinary strength, and were'apparently bdhe'-breakezs, while the excessively worn condition of, the teeth and tasks of some others indicate 1 hard dieran'd friction against resisting bodies. . ,,,-:( ;,. j 1 t WEn.,'4t Wasn't after all, such an unnatural mistake, for the : dearypung woman, to make I f It was in the Utica Advanced School. The happy - man who guides the educational destinies of these. Utica damsels had given out for a blackboard" exercise: "Write the names of five bays, and describe one of them. ". She thought . he , meant .boys, and so inscribed- the appellations of five lucky young fellows, with the, "de scription of one of them." " He is short of stature "she' recorded" tun 'i35tIOed, curly hair, large- . head, plump .hands, and goodly-sized feet,". The Bay of - Fundy , and i Botany' Bay, and other - celebrated .aheets of 'water missed It; but' we hopd" that. tlie boy who was described appreciated his good f artune fits had evidently been look ing at him... , f M '..,'.--! T . - ?-M v- -A WBrrra inthe New York Commer cial gives a pleasant picture of at least one . establishment where' women are well treated and receive affair roturn for their t services. .. At - the 'store of R. H. Stacy & Co., there are 400 girls who receive an average salary of $15 a week. The little cash girls get $2, some work ers as high as $25." ,,: The store is closed AT. A n jm - ATunt wsrw-n arkoAioJ AfVA l sldnsi.l, In ' lummer -the clerks' ate re leased at 1 ' ioni Saturdays. Every girl has a week's vacation in summer,' and' half an hour is allowed; for lunch. Daxtk ing the noUday season an hour is ai.7 lowed for supper. " Such men are not only liberal, ". but beneficent, f both to employer and employed. ' : " n;f Ji .Thk J3srB3H Empibb. The British Empire now posseses" 7,760,449 ' square mile$ of Territory. The United King dom 12T,60? ir4uare miles ; t he Colo nies, 6,685,021 1 India " and Ceylon, 961,820. "There are 38 persons ,to a sauare mile in the empire ; :260 in the in' the colonies iln someparts 6f India the density of "population more tnan Prtnala that of Poland. - The Queen rules over 234,7631593 souls; her people dweU in 44,142,651; houses ;-and tne area of lands they inhabit , is not -less than 7,669, 449 square miles, i - ; Snmi film emu The Chicago Tribune is the latest journal to secure the services of a "funny man." He belongs to the ranks of the noble army of D anbury imitators, . and some of his attempts at wit are ex tremely gauzy. Occasionally, however a real gem escapes from the point of his pen, as instance the following : Salter had a boy who was not worth the starch in his shirt-collar to any one.. His nameahlfwai) was appro priateiy named. . He waaa noble fraud. Salter' hire4VhimMr'a$l a week to 1fRGjm 'rj'iiA7 l" Mn Salter just . half an hour, when he discharged him. His discharge was summary. Th6 boy came to the office at 10 o'clock; Salter,, after telling him what there was to do, . went across the street to see a friend leaving the tlft? dusting the furniture. After having auite a chat with his Mend, duringwhich he had told him that' he had get a boy to work for him, . and that he hoped he could leave the i office ' of tenernow, he returned. He had been goljb just fourteen minutes ; by the watohj It is astonishing how much, cusse'dness a good health, boy can . . accomplish in fourteen minutes. As-Salter approached the- dobr he heard-m medley of indescriba-: bJe sounds within his office. He opened? the door, and there was that noble boy flying around the room with the broom after a strangjcat. As he entered, the boy shouted, JJDoggon it, boss, hurry ..up, and shut JJyrj door,, or she'll get out. . jn ojoru, cj.ii j, sue bkiii , arouiiu,., though?" Aild, making a pass at the -cat with the bSom, he smashed all the glaas out of thjj book-case. Did Salter -get mad ? Olsrno 1 He kept his tem per, but he started for that boy, and - Toat. too. trot -mars euited than ever. and yelled : "There she goes, blast her old hide. Head her off, boss, head her off.! Oh, Jtfory ! ajn't we having a , time !" and, njSking gnather pass at the -cat, he hit SaXTer on trBe head with the broom, and, running against him, upset . him into a coaj-scuttlgjind rushed on. The eat malriag thep9rcuit of the tom before Salter had time to arise, dashed across-Jhis outstretched body,, find,, rapped great gifass in his pants -and shirt-bosora withTBer claws, the . f boy,' following lose affiT her, fell over him. PickingjmseH up he sat down - to take a rest, while tl6"cat, hiding on- -topofthe book-case, mgwed piteously.. Then Salter areee. H did not let his temper get theetter of his judgment,, but he 'was very pale, and trembled . perceptibly. He reached for the boy. Hd got a firm grip on his collar, and i etarte4 for the dJQgr. Saea he got out-sjde'he-placed ltj)at nobie boy in front of hint And kicCad him Jear out of his -ooat. Then heSAdraggeu him to the stairs and pitched himawn a flight of ten steps, and 'then jumped down on him,; jThen hpluckedjjut a handful of the boy's haiiy and "4osed him out -n the walk. Te boy cked himself up, gaeed wistfully up fle stairs, 'and, while great tearsjrf sorrow rolled down his cheeks', he sighed, 'What a bully -time I could aV-had gfh that cat."" Salter has concluded ttftiX he can get ! along-until spring without a boy. He has adopted the alt, andTias posted up notice ( to the effect Jjst any boys -caught in the building wU be shot on sight. THE COST 4)F JUR gXCENT WAR.. Sir.., David ATWellaJjas furnished tile Cob3en Club-of England with an essay upon theZSxpensancome and taxes of the Umtjed Stalge. We copy the following statement of the cost of ' the rebellion : jjjj- The 'whole coat of the war in the Northern5 and Southera-States from 1861 to 1866 is8timal as follows : Lives, 1,000, 000 4 roper by destruo tio,wste, etc.79,000,000,000. The gross expenditure of the United States -from June, 1 861 to July, 5S66, $5,792, 257,000. Of thiallhe actual war ex penses were abogJ5f3422T,000. Theexpenses "Si StaW, counties,, cities and towns ijjhe Northern States, notrepresjnted byfundeaaebts, have been' estimated atp $500,000,000. The -increase of Statebts on the war ac count was $123,00$ 000. The increase . of city, town, and toeunty debts is esti mated at $200,00fvSb0. Sbtal war ex penses' ofy the loyal SUteand the na tional g6vernment?46,16i37,000. ; ; The estimated direct expenditure of the Confederate Qates ott5 account of ' the wart were $2,000, OOO.Qp Aggregate estimaSed eRnses of the -war to the country? NorthTnd South' $8,165,237,000. - , - The total recej fronQdl sources -during the second year of te war were less tharCi' $42,000.)00. The expendi-- -tures. were$60,O0OtXH) per month at. the rate of $700,00QJK)0 a year. A GiaNt Tklkscos. A telescope of ' immense ' propoi tiowo has, Oalignani ' says, been for some time past in course of : manufacture at- the Paris Observa tory, but: is still far from its termiaa tion. It was commenoed in 1865 by M.. Leon Foncault, but IJhe death of that, savant anV the events of 1870 and 1871-. interrupted this wdS2, which was sub sequently resumed Jder the direction ef M. Wpl, r The power of the new in strument will exoeadCSthose of the Cam- - . bridge and Herschell telescopes, hither to the largest kno&a; its length will.' be forty-nine feet, anl its diameter six feet six inches, whilaXhe dimensions of ' Harsch ell's were only forty feet by five- feet.' . The mirror will be of glass, but the surface will be cedwith 8old or silver;' Tfte telescorwf will be provided. with a movable staircase. i. .-. '' ; A'wmiri-KKOWN SarQFrancisco Judge eajs that- there is ..regular Board of Grand Jury Brokers that city whose services can.be had aiall times to fix up a grand jury to suit the emergencies oLT any particular case.