51 U il H W Itv 0 1 5 1 t
'pj , ,, r..11-.y"-M"'
warn fV?BT THTDIT BY
COLL. CLEYE.
ALBANY,
OREGON.
SLANG.
It may be that wo are unconscious
that we adopt and incorporate slang
phrases in our daily talk, but that we
have done so is certainly proved by a
writer in American Homes, who gives
-we canhear used almost every day : 1
yfQ can near uaeu auuuu everjr uay
;Ws allow ourselves to say of a rich
man thatjb&hjs
drunken man that he is "tight "or
' "boozy ;" of; anything that pleases us
' or is satisfactory,. that it is " stunning.
" Awful ' is ' considered ft better word
than very, and ve are awrul.' cold, or
hot, or sick, or .jolly, as the case may
be ; it is finer to say " you bet," than to
answer a question by a simple yes ; ev
erything that annoys us is . "inJ eruaX'
or .f beastly; bank-bills are 'f green
backs." I heard a lady in good socie
ty say recently that her dressmaker, had
disappointed her, .and that in oonse
" quence she was regularly up a tree
-we threaten, not to humiliate or morti
fy a man, but "to take the starch out
of him ;" we rack our brains to invent
! ' slang words for Various drinks, -'and
bring out such, names as M forty-rod-,-"
tangle-foot,"" rot-gut," jblue ruin"
'.and "Jersey lightning,, words that
woud more than puzzle a foreigner ;
man is not cheated, but "done brown,''
or " bamboozled , railroad, conductors
: do 'not steal, X"1 ,acii,(re are getting a
little sensitive about, using the word);
"but " knock down ; bank, cashiers do
- not swindle and steal, but commit "ir
regularities ;" we hear of a house being
' burgled, and '"that two footpads
went through " a belated, traveler ; a
fair dealer . is spoken of as a " square
: man,' a most wonderful luxus natures ;
a substantial dinner is spoken of as a
square ; meal ;" we . . hear invitations
given, not to . take a - drink, but to
" hoist in some poison ; anything an
tiquated or exhausted is played out j"
, . an insufficient excuse is said to be " too
thin, '. or we are told that it " will not
wash ;" we buy stocks on a " margin,"
or sell them , short," or " bull." the
. market, or take a fiver," or " scoop
in a long line, of etocks ;" we do not
stake a sum of money, but " bet our
pile ;" after a convivial party we next
morning" find 'ourselves "precious
" seedy ;" .our',., railroad , trains " tele
: scope," - or a " Pullman breaks a
! wheel ; a party of rowdies " clean out"
- a drinking saloon ; a big man threatens
V.to " wipe out": a little one ; we do not
outwit or circumvent another, but " eu-
: chare ; him ;' we . take, the shine out
of a rival, and " fix his flint for him;"
.- a carpenter " rums, up " a cheap house
; in a week ; an ' investigating committee
; in Congress whitewashes " the ehar
i acterof tome defaulter, ' and so on and
: bo forth1 in all the departments cf busi
, ness and trade and social intercourse, we
: permit ourselves to use words and
phrases which are of no authority, often
. vulgar, and always needless.-
ZlAGATION 'EXTRA ORDINARY,
. John H. Gonzales,: while getting off
' .at Mount Vernon from an up passenger
train on the New York and Harlem rail'
road, on the 25th of November, 1864,
was killed by a down express train.
His widow sued the company and ob-
' ' tained a verdict for $5,000. The Court
s 'of Appeals reversed the judgment en
- the ground that Gonzales was guilty of
contributory negligence , in getting off
on the west side, where : there was ho
- platform. The case was tried over, and
at the close of the plaintiffs case a
motion to dismiss the complaint on the
. ground of contributory negligence by
- Gonzales was granted. "The Court of
Appeals held ; the non-suit . improper,
..and-again, granted a new trial. - The
railroad company was characterized as
guilty ' ox gross negligence in bo axran
ging the time table as to have an express
.train thundering by fa station, wi thin-
cine minute of the stoppage of an ac
commodation train, and the company
was held bound to have a platform on
both sides of . the road. On the third
trial Mrs. Gonzales again, secured, a
verdict, , which, on 'appeal, the . General
Term set aside on the ground that the
- Judge who tried it should have granted
the motion for a non-suit. The case
went far the third time to the Court 'of
Appeals, and there the appeal' was dis
missed. The fourth trial, whica was
begun some, days - ago .before, . Judge
iFreedman, . was . concluded by the
court ' directing a "verdict in favor of
the railroad company,' on tbe ground
that Gonzales, by: the Treasonable and
ordinary use of Ma organs of hearing.
eould have been warned of the approach
f the express train. : The case will
again go to the Court: of -Appeals.
While the highest recovery possible
tinder the laws of New . "York is only
5.000. the accrued costs amount , to
many times that sum. ' ;'
-.: ,i i' j. '.-;, -tili ' .t.
Tepb production of opium in Asia
Minor, whiob in former yean averaged
annually from 2,000 to 3,000 baskets or
caseai each containing 150 pounds, has
of late years much increased,' and the
cropr now averages j f rem 400Q to, 6,000
baskets. ' Oat of this quantify, which is
shipped at Smyrna, the, United States
take above . 2,000 , cases, England at
one time consumed a large proportion. ,
The Dutch ( East India Company also,
for many years have purchased large
quantities annually ' to send to the
ilnds of Java, Baitaraa and Sumatra,
d of late years the consumption genT
ralry has largely mcrease. especially
for North and Bouth America and the
"West Indies Turkey opium is always
preferred in England before that of
India, as it coutains a much Eigne per-
r . murpiua nan either Indian
or Persian ; it is on this account that the
greater portion of the opium used for
medicinal purposes both in Europe and
'-iwrit-tiw MpTodnctionof"ABia:
umior. xiie price 01 tnis omum in
r nr. . . .
the market has advanced much of late ;
fifteen years ago the Average price was
about nftef shillings !ter pound, and.
now itf realises .about ix ner nonrid.
though th Jais fharictef even oft this
protocihianashed by a system
of dulteratioji .whica has prevailed
during the past" two years. About 300
Cases of this Al n 1 for-a isA
, " ', ,
that purchasers are now very careful
from whom they obtain the drug.
A. PERSE YJSHING WOMAN.
: "A few years ago, says the Cmcinnati
Commercial ' kn American lady while
studying medicine abroad, having been
refused admittance to a course of med
ical lectures in ene of the most noted
universities in Germany, determined to
put on male costume and pass herself
off for ajybungman. ')' One day an Amer
ican Consul "was summoned to a hotel
to ' see a lady from the United States.
As there was no' reception room in the
hotel, he was shown' to the room indi
cated in the note he had received by the
servant. 'He' looked in vain for the
lady, but eaw what he supposed was a
young ' man sitting on a trunk. He
Was jsoon undeceived, ; The, "boy
said he was simply in : disguise, and set
forth af length the reasons for such ex
traordinary eonducLi She said she was
resolved to , attend that course of lect
ures, and had called in the Consul to
give her real name and place of resi
dence is the United States, so that in
case of trouble she could appeal to him
for protection. The position of the
Consul was a novel one, but he finally
consented to take the lady's statement,
and promised to keep the secret invio
late, unless she was discovered. This
did not happen. The disguise an
Bwered the purpose ; the lady remained
at the institution a year,, passed
through the course with honor, and is,
doubtless, now applying the knowledge
gained in her practice somewhere in the
United States. We suppress all names
of persons . and places for obvious rea
sons, and give the fact in illustration of
the indomitable perseverance of women
ambitious of a professional career in
pursuit of knowledge under difficulties,
. A. A'EW CAPRICE.
And now Fashion demands that her
female votaries must dress like wild
animals. ' All the new tissues resemble
furs ; a few years ago young ladies were
said to wear Dolly Vardens, so now they
will put on their " camels.' That is
the generic name by which the Parisian
modistes have called this year's fabrics,
though of ' course there is a variety al
lowed, and a young lady may appear as
a' reindeer, as a bear, as a northern elk-
in fact, as any rough-skinned animal
she may select.. But it is necessary that
the skin should consist of as fewfpieces
as possible. The ' ' camel" and a collar,
which will be known in the fashionable
world as a dog's collar, will complete
the costume.' This new invention of
the French . dressmakers has not so
muoh originality after alL The idea is
merely a development of the Ulster
greatcoat, which was borrowed a couple
of years ago from the Irish peasantry.
But even in winter, there may be days
when the " camel" weuld be too warm.
and so less heavy garments have to be
prepared. Still, the relations with the
animal world will be kept up. Ladies,
when they cannot go like beasts, will go
out like birds. : All trimmings are to
be made of feathers cocks' feathers,
pheasants' feathers, peacocks feathers.
This plumage is to cover the dresses,
but a whole bird will be in the hat. A
very fashionable lady may, therefore,
assume a parrot's' head and a peacock's
tafL "-' What next ?
THE AEW HKITISR POLAR EXPEVI
, . ; - HON
This expedition, which will consist of
two , steam whale-ships . and about 120
men and officers, will leave this country
next summer,; and . proceed through
Davis. Straits,., up Baffin's Bay to the
Danish settlements of Disco and Uper-
navik. These will be its base. Then,
still heading northward, the volunteers
will enter Smith's Sound, and one will
be left as an intermediate depot in 81
degrees north .latitude, in a fixed posi
tion; while the second will press on into
the open sea which, it is' believed, ex
ists about ' the PoleJ ; The depot-ship
will be about '546 miles' from the Pole,
and the retreat upon it in case of disaster-will
not be difficult to men with
sledges. The -expedition will have or
ders in any case fc return in the autumn
of 1877, and a steamer will probably be
sent to the depot-ship in the summer of
1876 to bring back news of the condi
tion of the expedition and the details
of such information as may have been
obtained. The report that Commander
Markham has been selected to command
the expedition is premature. The Ad
miralty' are''- divided between the ap
pointment of a - young, " comparatively
inexperienced officer,' and a senior offi
cer of experience; but ' with ' weight of
years." ine cost w me expeaiuon is
estimated at 30,000. a year. London
Paper?6 ,: '" " V ' ' :'-''" -
! " f TO BE REMEMBERED.
' If, ,you have, a crack in .the wall in the.
corner, of the. room, or anywhere else,
do not send for the piasterer, .but get
five or, ten. cents worth .of dry plaster
of Paris wet , with . oold swater; then
take, -your finger and irtib . it into the
crevice till it is smooths Bad nail holes
in; the wall can,, be done in the same
way.,, Should the top of your lamp be
come loose, take it off and wash it with
soap r wash the glass also, then put the
plaster around the glass ; put the brass
top' on again, let it stand until harden
ed, and it is ready for use again. -'A
lamp never fhould be filled quite full,
asthe kerosene softens the plaster. -: - i
A HARD STORY ABOUT ALASKA.
Mr. Henry Elliott, who went to Alas
ka: last summer as Special Agen(; of the
Treasury to look after the interests of
the government "on the island where the
seal fur is taken, is preparing a report
on the value of the entire territory to
the United States which will have the
merit of being based upon the extend
ed personal observations of the writer.
Mr. Elliott has spent a great deal of
tim in Alaska, -both, -before and since
its purchase, and has probably seen
j more of its rocks and icebergs than any
other American. All the stories of its
mineral wealth, and of the value ef its
fisheries," he ' says, "are pure fictions.
Its surface - is a mass of basaltic rock,
which, as all geologists know, contains
no mineral deposits. What little soil
there is produces little that is useful to
man, and the fisheries, which were de
scribed as of immense value when the
treaty for buying the region was pend
ing, do not yield food enough to sup
ply the natives. . The only portion of
the vast donain which yields any rev
enue to the government is the fur seal
islands. From the tax on the skins of
the animals taken on these islands the
Treasury gets about $300,000 annually.
Against this single item of revenue Mr.
Elliott offsets the cost of maintaining
troops in the Territory, which amounts
to about $350,000 a year, and the , ex
pense of a civil establishment at Sitka
and the seal islands. Without counting
interest on the purchase money paid
Russia, which, at six per cent., would
amount to $420,000 a year, the balance
sheet shows a heavy deficit. Washing
ton Letter to the New York Tribune.
UTILIZATION OP LEATHER WASTE.
While numerous processes for util
izing the offal, in the manufacture of
leather are in successful . operation,
there has been a comparatively open
field respecting leather waste. At the
Vienna Exposition, leather . was shown
suitable for heels, toe-caps and inner
soles, prepared from leather clippings,
according to a French method, by sim
ply mixing them with some adhesive
substance, forming the mass into rec
tangular plates on top of each other,
subjecting them to hydraulic pressure,
and then drying and rolling them. This
article was restricted in use because it
could not withstand moisture. A Co
penhagen firm, however, exhibited for
the first time an article made upon an
entirely different - plan. The leather
scraps were first converted, in a suitable
machine, into a sort of leather-wood,
which was then mixed with caoutchouc
and different chemical agents, kneaded
by machinery into a thick, pasty mass,
and then formed in metal molds, and
dried and subjected to a gradually-in
creasing pressure until it was finished
under 6,000 to 10,000 pounds to the
square inch. The appearance of
leather is imparted to it by a light
coating. Articles manufactured by
this material are said to be 50 per cent,
cheaper than those made from leather,
and can be made in the some manner,
while they are at the same time per
fectly water-proof. Chemical investi
gation shows it to consist of about 40
per cent, of caoutchouc and 60 per
cent, leather.
A PRENCH WOMAN.
Wolves still infest certain portions of
France, and one especially ferocious
and dangerous lately harbored near
Aube. The ravages of this wolf have
been for a long time remarkable ; the
flocks and herds have suffered, while
even men feared to pass near the haunts
of the beast after nightfall. Various
attempts were made to exterminate the
brute, but his cunning always enabled
him to escape the hunters. Not long
ago a certain Madame Guinot was pass
ing near the . wood, when she saw the
wolf. She had a pitchfork with her
and stones were plenty. She threw
stones at the animal and it retired into
a thiket , where its escape was not
happily practicable. Madame Guinot
charged with her pitchfork and pinned
the wolf to the ground. The contest
which ensued was lively, but it termi
nated with a dead wolf and a woman
with somewhat disarranged garments.
The little lambs about Aube now skip
about as freely as the scriptural hills,
and the price of mutton has ceased to
rise. ' The hunters about Aube are, it
is to be presumed, convinced that some
people can do things as well as other
people, " especially when some people
are women with pitchforks.
WASHING POSTA.QE STAMPS.
The Western Postal Record says :
The washing of postage stamps is
probably the most profitable species of
laundry work in this or any other coun
try. . Third Assistant Postmaster-Gen
eral Barber estimates that the govern
ment is annually defrauded put of
$1,000,000, or about five per cent, of the
amount of stamps sold, by the use of
stamps that have been' used .once and
then washed, and fitted for ubo a second
time. This seems an enormous sum,
but Mr. Barber has given the matter
long and careful examination. Who it
was, or what -organized band of men, is
not yet known, but it is evident that
the washing of stamps has become a
systematized business. As yet the gov
ernment has only , one . method of re
venge. In many cases a washed stamp
may be easily, detected. , When, this
happens, and Postmasters are ' requested
to scrutinize closely, the letter on which
the washed stamp is found is forwarded
to the dead letter office. ,
Vax.tjb of Fabx Stock. Mr. Statis
tician Dodge ' estimates the average
value of horses in the United States.
in 1S74 at 871.45 per head: mules,
$39.22; oxen and other cattle, $19.15 ;
milch cows, $27.99 ; sheep, $2.61;
hogs, $4.36. In 1870 the average value
of each was : Horses, $81.38; mules,
$109.01 ; oxen and other cattle, $22.64 ; :
milch cows, $39.12 ; cheep, $2.28 ;
hogs, $6.99. Cattle were higher in
1869 and are lower now than at anytaJHBome of the blocfcs Vtl&'SrZZGffl&TH!'
within a period of seven years.
A FAMILY REUNITED. ,f
" One of the most extraordinary stories
of loDg-loskand finally-restored ichil
dren is this, which is told by the forte
land (Oregon) Bulletin : p. "We just
learned of a strange incident which has
recently transpired in-; this ' city,.'and
fully proves; that truth is ofttimes
strancer than fiction. Miss Gemma
Fra
ankle, well known to many -
city, will be a passenger on thereat -going
steamer to San Francisco", In route
to visit her parents, in Florence? Italy,
whom she has no recollection of ever
having seen. When she was three and
a half years old she was given to a fam
ily named Stokes, who -promised to
educate and provide for her until she
was eighteen years of age. She was
then taken to England, India, Ger
many, China, Australia, Calif ornia, and
last to Portland, Oregon, traveling with
a cirCHU: " W hen she reached this city,
about fourwears ago, she attained her
eighteenthryear, and left the company
and took up her hon.e here. She at
once entered a printing-office and learn
ed to set type, and has been succeeding
admirably,' winning hosts of friends by
her admirable disposition , and modest
retirement. She had been in Portland
but a short time when she caused letters
td be sent to the United States Consul
in Florence, with her photograph, re
questing that steps -be taken to ascer
tain the whereabouts of her parents, if
living. In a short time they were
found,, and the happiness given- the
family at home, who had advertised in
almost every country on ' the globe for
their lost daughter, can better be im
agined than described. They forward
ed sufficient means to carry her from
the land of the setting sun across the
blue waters to the vine-clad hills of her
Italian home. She goes, and with her
the kind wishes of a hundred friends."
A MOTHER OF CRIMINALS, t : ;
The discovery of a remarkable fact
in crime statistics was recently made by
Dr. Harris, of New York. His atten
tion was called to a county on the upper
Hudson where was shown an extraor
dinary proportion of crime and poverty
to the whole population 480 of its 40,-
000 population being in the poor-house.
In an investigation of the records the
doctor found a continual recurrence of
certain " names. This led him to look
into the genealogies of the families,
and, after patient and honest search, he
found that from a girl named Margaret,
who was a waif upon the county seven
ty years ago, and was permitted to
grow up, nobody knew how from her
two hundred recruits to the subsequent
ly established alms-house had descend
ed. In one generation of her miserable
issue there were twenty children, sev
enteen of whom survived to maturity.
Of these nine served in the penitentiary
for high crimes an average of fifty
years, while the others were habitual
inmates of jails and : poor-houses.
Through six generations the! whole
number of .the descendants of this girl
Margaret has been nine hundred. Two
hundred are criminals, as shown of rec
ord, while - a large number have been
idiots, imbeciles, lunatics, prostitutes
and paupers. All of which shows how
crime may be generated.
POE8 LAST MOMENTS.
In a new volume of Poe's poems, R.
H. Stoddard, the late John B. Thomp
son's literary executor (who, by the way,
was Poe's best friend), thus gives the
last scene in the life of Poe ; "He
started from Richmond October 2, 1849,
and arrived at Baltimore between trains,
and unfortunately took a drink with a
friend, the consequence of which was
that he was brought back from Havre
de Grace in a state of delirium. It was
on the eve of a municipal election, and
as ho wandered up and down the streets
of Baltimore he was secured by the
lawless agent? of a political olub and
locked up in a cellar all night. - The
next morning he was taken out in a
state of frenzy, drugged, and made to
vote in eleven different wards.' The
following day he was found in a back
room at the political headquarters and
removed to a hospital. He was insen
sible when found, and remained so on
October 7. The doctor and nurse were
with him when he first showed, con
sciousness.' Where am i?' he asked.
They answered, ' Tou are cared for by
your best friends.' After a pause, in
which he seemed to recall what had oc
curred, and to realize his situation, Poe
replied, . 'My best friend would be the
mart who would blew; out my brains.'
Within ten minutes he was dead.".'"'
; ; : . ,.,::
i A HANDSOME OFFER. , i
Mr. James Vick, the famous florist of
Rochester, N. Y., has authorized' the
officers of every State' and Territorial
agricultural society ' to offer in - his
behalf the following premiums:- For the
best collection of cut flowers, $29;
second best, $10 ; third best, $5 ; fourth
best,' floral chromo. The offer is made
to amateurs only, and the flowers to be
exhibited at the regular annual fairs,
the awards to be made by the' regular
judges, or by any committee appointed
for the purpose. He also authorizes
the officers of every county society in
America te -offer one of his floral
chromos for the best exhibition of cut
flowers. Full terms and conditions
will be made known to the - officers of
any society on application to Mr. Vick.
Peoria Transcript.
Whelk T. D. Jones was in Columbus
modeling his bust of Chase, a young
man of the Sparkle order of architect
ure approached him one night at a
social gathering with the following in
quiry : " Er-er -say I er-er so you're
the man er that makes mud-heads;
ain't you ?" " Yes," said old r Tom;
blandly, " do you want a new one ?" , :
STONES OF SIZE.
the construction of the Treasury build
A 111 g at Washington are the largest ever
moved in this Scountry, and they were
all carried from the eastern part a4
uuune. t zney were wansportea f to
Washington by water, and, after their
arrival thecemoved by ox-power upn
a sort of double pulley system, a disV
tance o.f two railes, to the spot where
they were wanted for use. The work
comparative ease,' not more than eight
or ten yokes of oxen being employed to
move a block- weighing more thaiTBev
enty tons. The flinted pillars, great
building, are forty feet long, and weigh
fifty tons at least. t The r largest blocks,
thirty, to forty feet thick', we'ghcf upf-'
Ward of seventy tons. The facility with
which these large blocks were moved
and fixed ia their places was'a' source
of wonderment, and seemed to admiring
spectators to be the perfection o me
chanical skill and ingenuity. And yet
how insignificent the achievement when
compared with the triumphs of - ancient
art. . In the foundation of the "great
Temple of the Sun, at.lSaalbeo' may still
be seen, even in the second course,
stones which are 37 feet long and 9 feet
thick; and under these, about 20 feet
from the ground, three stones which
alone occupy 182 feet' in "lerfgthy
12 high. . These three .stones are eati-H
mated to weigh 900 tons each t . But we
read of an Egyptian idol-temple, Buris,
far surpassing this, in which there was
a sanctuary composed of a single block
of ; granite sixtj feet square. This is
the largest and heaviest stone men
tioned in the history of nations". -' - ?- '
SCORPION SUICIDE.
' ' ' A ' ppientist writes : .." Qne . morning
a servant brought to me a large speci
men of this scorpion, whieh, having
staid but too long, in its nocturnal ran-
bles, had apparently got bewildered at
daybreak, and been unable to find its
way home. To keep it safe,' the' creaij
ure was at oneput. into a glazedentomol
ogicalcase. .Having a few leisure minutes
in the course of the forenoon, I thought
I would see. how my .prisoner was get
ting on, and to ixave a better, yiew5of it
the case was placed in a window, in the
rays of a hot- sun. The light and heat
seemed to irritate it veryt much andjoces
this recalled to my mind a story which
I had read somewhere, that a scorpion
on being surrounded with fire, had com
mitted suicide. I hesitated about sub
jecting my pet to such a terrible ordeal,
but, taking a common botanical lens,
I focused the rays of the, sun on its
back. The moment this was done it
began to run hurriedly ,abo?t the case,
hissing and spitting in a very fierce way
This experiment was repeated some four
or five times with like; results but en'
trying once again, the scorpion turned
up its its tail and plunged the sting,
quick as' lightning, into its own back
The infliction of the wound. was fol
lowed by a sudden escape of fluid, and
a friend . standing by me. called . out :
'See.it has stung itself itf is "dead;
and sure enough, in less than half a
minute life was quite extinct. I have
written this notice to show (1) that
animals may commit suicide ; (2) that
the poison of certain animals may be
destructive to themselves."
GONE WITH BIS WIFE.
The old story of a room with a num
ber of windows,' one of which disap
peared every day, and the, room grad
ually contracted until it crushed its oc
cupant to death,- evidently haunted the
brain of a despairing Parisian ' jeweler
who recently committed suicide. The
unlucky Frenchman, inconsolable for
the loss of his better half, became Bn'.i
ject to a species of somnambulism. He
was accustomed to wear a gold necklace,
one oi nis late wile s ievorite ornament-),'
and he used to say to his friends that
the necklace daily grew smaller, and that
his wife was thus painlessly killing him,
much to his joy. The fact was that
the somnambulist : rose' ' every night
and went in his sleep down to his in
struments, knocked off a link of the
necklace and put on the fastening again.
Next morning he found the collar small
er, and having no recollection of what
he had done, attributed the event to
supernatural influence. This continued
for, some time, when the necklace grew
so small that, in fastening it en, the
hapless widower actually garreted him
self to death. ' .' ''"V. .7" : !
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DISEASE.
A writer in Chambers' Journal speaks
of the fact as decidedly noteworthy that
the common opinion thrt excessive men
tal occupation: gravitates toward insan
ity, is not only not verified by facts,
but that, on the contrary, . one of .the
foremost ! living ' "physicians ; doubts
whether alienation of mind is ever the
result of overstrain; it is to, physical,
net to mental, derangement, he thinks,
that excessive work f the brain gener
ally gives rise. Insanity, he points out.
nnas tne most suisaoie material ior its
development among the' -cloddish! un
educated classes, while the worst forms
of physical diseases are originated and
intensified by the educated, overstrain
ed brain workers." ' I - 'H'-
i-Tra Virginia, City (Nevada) Chroji.
cle tells how some of the people en
gaged in silver mining wake up in the
morning to find 'themselves. .million
aires. "Gen. Thomas H. Williams,"
it says, " holds in his own name &06
ihares of California, and 3,000 shares
of ! Consolidated Virginia; - The first
cost him little or nothing, it having.
been -awarded rum at the time of the
California ronBOUoion tor !hVfcUmtea 201 ihTndia, ana 14X
of 1 Central "No." 2. He
shares' in California
paikHsell'his
$l,yoU,uw,' ana - nis - snares ;m
Consolidated Virginia for' $750,000,
a total .of-, $2,700,000. 'His clear
profit, if he sells in time, will.Jbe
over: $2,000,000.. In the last 4wearjM
four hours California has risen $100 a
"BttSTe. " The "'Ueherals 'pront in those
twenty-four hours has been $650,000 ;
more thafr an hour $500 a
mmu
- n
'3 VJi CREATION.
ir acd: imnortant discov-
erifca were maqei oy jrroi. uope, me
iTitrT7?.
great nufiralistr'Whb accompanied the
Wheeler exploring expedition upon its
geological survey west of the one hun
dredth meridia:
loaf CT.TnT-.o or.A fall I
ue
o and Santa r e numer-
ous fossil shells and teeth of extinct
fishesrelpicednpA,uiqna eel
lection of a large number of most beautifully-preserved
invertebrate remains
was procured near Taos. South of the
P&jSrs niountains-,"the sand: beds ahd
blags of the pliocene, formation, fij Jhe
valley of the Rio 'Grande.' These are
tfjaCaeposits of a laSe of 1CTfcnparatrvely'
I modern age, and in. some localities"they
auouuu in remains ui wo o
tons of the animals that inhabited tbe
surrounding continent at that . time.
Mastodons of , species, quite 'different
froia that so frequently found iri the
Eastern States were found, to be abun
dant,' while camels and horses had evi
tleniily existed in droves, One of , ,the
most singular 'discoveries was that of
deeVVhich did not shed their horti8,:8S
4o jnodern species of that .. type ; but
d there was abundant ' reason to believe
that they were frequently broken off
in combats. To keep jtha herbjvereus
animals in check 'there were, -several
species of wild dogs, while to eat them
whenife had departed, a large vulture,
allied to the turkey-buzzard, was pre;
Ssj the fossil remains, demon-.
strate.
Forty'iniles south"of Santa Fe nu-
chi ding those of the hairy elephant.
On the River Charna was discovered
apezprmous mass of lacustrine depos
its of some 3,000 feet in thickness,
which cover an area of at ' least 3.000
. . . . .
f sqiire: miles (probably more), which
include remains of the jpidest mamma
lian fauna of this continent, and which
correspond to the lowest of the fossil-
Lbfsariag beds of Wyoming. f AbbiiV lot)
species of animals were obtained, of
which two-thisds ane mammalia, and -a
large percentage new,, to aciencQ. The
were very, numerous, and
turtles swarmedl The mammalia did
notemTprace many of the modern classes,
but exhibit, according -to the prelimi-'
narj?. reports published by , order, of
Lieutr Wheeler, characters of orders
of , which little has been , known. The
largest species were those of the genus
Bathmodori, of which five species Were
'discotveredV?which range rom thesize
of tne Indian rhinoceros lb lhat"of the
Japir. .They resembled closely the ele4
phatt is the structure of the feet and1
legs, but the tapir and the bear in the
character, of the skull. They were
armed with' most "ftiadable tusks,' and
heir crania .were sojid and .well thick
ened to repel attack. : Besides these
4here were numeroua ' species more
nearly resembling the tapirs,' and in
some remote degree the horses, of a
more harmless type, while - a numerous
population of camivoraj restricted the
increase of the rest. ! Sixteen species
of flesh-eating forms were found, some
of them minute, and ot hers of oerfnl
make, but all far removed from the ex
isting types, and , more , or less related
in structure to other kinds of quadru
peds,' espec ially to; those of insectivbr-l
ous habits. Some'Of " them fiossessW
teeth of extraordinary strength, and
were'apparently bdhe'-breakezs, while
the excessively worn condition of, the
teeth and tasks of some others indicate 1
hard dieran'd friction against resisting
bodies. . ,,,-:( ;,. j 1
t WEn.,'4t Wasn't after all, such an
unnatural mistake, for the : dearypung
woman, to make I f It was in the Utica
Advanced School. The happy - man
who guides the educational destinies of
these. Utica damsels had given out for
a blackboard" exercise: "Write the
names of five bays, and describe one of
them. ". She thought . he , meant .boys,
and so inscribed- the appellations of
five lucky young fellows, with the, "de
scription of one of them." " He is
short of stature "she' recorded" tun
'i35tIOed, curly hair, large- . head,
plump .hands, and goodly-sized feet,".
The Bay of - Fundy , and i Botany' Bay,
and other - celebrated .aheets of 'water
missed It; but' we hopd" that. tlie boy
who was described appreciated his good
f artune fits had evidently been look
ing at him... , f M
'..,'.--! T . - ?-M v-
-A WBrrra inthe New York Commer
cial gives a pleasant picture of at least
one . establishment where' women are
well treated and receive affair roturn
for their t services. .. At - the 'store of R.
H. Stacy & Co., there are 400 girls who
receive an average salary of $15 a week.
The little cash girls get $2, some work
ers as high as $25." ,,: The store is closed
AT. A n jm - ATunt wsrw-n arkoAioJ AfVA
l sldnsi.l, In ' lummer -the clerks' ate re
leased at 1 ' ioni Saturdays. Every girl
has a week's vacation in summer,' and'
half an hour is allowed; for lunch. Daxtk
ing the noUday season an hour is ai.7
lowed for supper. " Such men are not
only liberal, ". but beneficent, f both to
employer and employed. ' : " n;f
Ji .Thk J3srB3H Empibb. The British
Empire now posseses" 7,760,449 ' square
mile$ of Territory. The United King
dom 12T,60? ir4uare miles ; t he Colo
nies, 6,685,021 1 India " and Ceylon,
961,820. "There are 38 persons ,to a
sauare mile in the empire ; :260 in the
in' the colonies iln someparts 6f India
the density of "population more tnan
Prtnala that of Poland. - The Queen
rules over 234,7631593 souls; her people
dweU in 44,142,651; houses ;-and tne
area of lands they inhabit , is not -less
than 7,669, 449 square miles, i -
; Snmi film emu
The Chicago Tribune is the latest
journal to secure the services of a
"funny man." He belongs to the ranks
of the noble army of D anbury imitators, .
and some of his attempts at wit are ex
tremely gauzy. Occasionally, however
a real gem escapes from the point of
his pen, as instance the following :
Salter had a boy who was not worth
the starch in his shirt-collar to any one..
His nameahlfwai) was appro
priateiy named. . He waaa noble fraud.
Salter' hire4VhimMr'a$l a week to
1fRGjm 'rj'iiA7 l" Mn Salter just .
half an hour, when he discharged him.
His discharge was summary. Th6 boy
came to the office at 10 o'clock; Salter,,
after telling him what there was to do, .
went across the street to see a friend
leaving the tlft? dusting the furniture.
After having auite a chat with his
Mend, duringwhich he had told him
that' he had get a boy to work for him, .
and that he hoped he could leave the i
office ' of tenernow, he returned. He
had been goljb just fourteen minutes ;
by the watohj It is astonishing how
much, cusse'dness a good health,
boy can . . accomplish in fourteen
minutes. As-Salter approached the-
dobr he heard-m medley of indescriba-:
bJe sounds within his office. He opened?
the door, and there was that noble boy
flying around the room with the broom
after a strangjcat. As he entered, the
boy shouted, JJDoggon it, boss, hurry
..up, and shut JJyrj door,, or she'll get out. .
jn ojoru, cj.ii j, sue bkiii , arouiiu,.,
though?" Aild, making a pass at the -cat
with the bSom, he smashed all the
glaas out of thjj book-case. Did Salter -get
mad ? Olsrno 1 He kept his tem
per, but he started for that boy, and -
Toat. too. trot -mars euited than ever.
and yelled : "There she goes, blast
her old hide. Head her off, boss, head
her off.! Oh, Jtfory ! ajn't we having a ,
time !" and, njSking gnather pass at the -cat,
he hit SaXTer on trBe head with the
broom, and, running against him, upset .
him into a coaj-scuttlgjind rushed on.
The eat malriag thep9rcuit of the
tom before Salter had time to arise,
dashed across-Jhis outstretched body,,
find,, rapped great gifass in his pants -and
shirt-bosora withTBer claws, the .
f boy,' following lose affiT her, fell over
him. PickingjmseH up he sat down -
to take a rest, while tl6"cat, hiding on-
-topofthe book-case, mgwed piteously..
Then Salter areee. H did not let his
temper get theetter of his judgment,,
but he 'was very pale, and trembled .
perceptibly. He reached for the boy.
Hd got a firm grip on his collar, and i
etarte4 for the dJQgr. Saea he got out-sjde'he-placed
ltj)at nobie boy in front
of hint And kicCad him Jear out of his -ooat.
Then heSAdraggeu him to the
stairs and pitched himawn a flight of
ten steps, and 'then jumped down on
him,; jThen hpluckedjjut a handful
of the boy's haiiy and "4osed him out -n
the walk. Te boy cked himself
up, gaeed wistfully up fle stairs, 'and,
while great tearsjrf sorrow rolled down
his cheeks', he sighed, 'What a bully -time
I could aV-had gfh that cat.""
Salter has concluded ttftiX he can get
! along-until spring without a boy. He
has adopted the alt, andTias posted up
notice ( to the effect Jjst any boys -caught
in the building wU be shot on
sight.
THE COST 4)F JUR gXCENT WAR..
Sir.., David ATWellaJjas furnished
tile Cob3en Club-of England with an
essay upon theZSxpensancome and
taxes of the Umtjed Stalge. We copy
the following statement of the cost of '
the rebellion : jjjj-
The 'whole coat of the war in the
Northern5 and Southera-States from
1861 to 1866 is8timal as follows :
Lives, 1,000, 000 4 roper by destruo
tio,wste, etc.79,000,000,000. The
gross expenditure of the United States -from
June, 1 861 to July, 5S66, $5,792,
257,000. Of thiallhe actual war ex
penses were abogJ5f3422T,000.
Theexpenses "Si StaW, counties,,
cities and towns ijjhe Northern States,
notrepresjnted byfundeaaebts, have
been' estimated atp $500,000,000. The -increase
of Statebts on the war ac
count was $123,00$ 000. The increase .
of city, town, and toeunty debts is esti
mated at $200,00fvSb0. Sbtal war ex
penses' ofy the loyal SUteand the na
tional g6vernment?46,16i37,000.
; ; The estimated direct expenditure of
the Confederate Qates ott5 account of '
the wart were $2,000, OOO.Qp
Aggregate estimaSed eRnses of the -war
to the country? NorthTnd South'
$8,165,237,000. - , -
The total recej fronQdl sources -during
the second year of te war were
less tharCi' $42,000.)00. The expendi--
-tures. were$60,O0OtXH) per month at.
the rate of $700,00QJK)0 a year.
A GiaNt Tklkscos. A telescope of '
immense ' propoi tiowo has, Oalignani '
says, been for some time past in course
of : manufacture at- the Paris Observa
tory, but: is still far from its termiaa
tion. It was commenoed in 1865 by M..
Leon Foncault, but IJhe death of that,
savant anV the events of 1870 and 1871-.
interrupted this wdS2, which was sub
sequently resumed Jder the direction
ef M. Wpl, r The power of the new in
strument will exoeadCSthose of the Cam- - .
bridge and Herschell telescopes, hither
to the largest kno&a; its length will.'
be forty-nine feet, anl its diameter six
feet six inches, whilaXhe dimensions of '
Harsch ell's were only forty feet by five-
feet.' . The mirror will be of glass, but
the surface will be cedwith 8old or
silver;' Tfte telescorwf will be provided.
with a movable staircase.
i. .-. ''
; A'wmiri-KKOWN SarQFrancisco Judge
eajs that- there is ..regular Board of
Grand Jury Brokers that city whose
services can.be had aiall times to fix up
a grand jury to suit the emergencies oLT
any particular case.