The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current, October 21, 1906, Image 8

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The Sunday Oregonian., October 21, 1906, Page 8, Image 8

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Newspaper Page Texta THE SUNDAY OBEGONMN, PORTLAND. OCTOBER 21, 1900. SUBSCRIPTION KATES. CT IKVARIABLT IN ADVANCS. XI (By Mall. Dally, Sunday Included, one year 8 Dally, Sunday Included, six months - Lal.y, Sunday Included, three monthB. . 2.20 Ia!1y, Sunday Included, one month -fj Pally, without Sunday, one year .. J-JO Dally, without Sunday, six months....... S.a tallv, without Sunday, three month.... 1-73 Dally, without Sunday, one month .00 Sunday, one year ?V TVeekly, one year (Issued Thursday) - J j Sunday and Weekly, one year.... ...... -W BIT CARRIER. Deny. Sunday included, one year... Dally, Sunday Included, one month.. 00 .7S HOW TO REMIT Send postofnee money order, express order or personal ebeca on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at the sender's risk. Give postoffice ad drees In full. Including county and state. POSTAGE RATES. Entered at Portland. Oregon Poetofflea as Becond-Claea Matter. 10 to 14 Daee -1 10 to 28 pugee....H... SO to 44 pages 40 to 60 pases.. . .z cent cents ....4 cent Foren Pontage, double rates. .,, IMPORTANT The postal laws are strict. Newspapers on which postage U not tuny pre paid axa not forwarded to destination. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The 8. C. Berknith Special Agency New York, rooms 43-50. Tribune building. .ai cago. rooms 610-312 Tribune building. KEPT eX SALE. ' . ChicagoAuditorium Annex. Postoffice News Co., 178 Dearborn street. B. Paul. Minn N. Bt. Marie. Commercial Station. Colorado Springs, Colo. Western IJrBTer Hamilton Kendrlek, 808-912 Seventeenth street; Pratt Book Store, wi Fifteenth street; I. Welnateln; H. P. Han sen. Kansas City, Mo. Rlckaecker Cigar Co.. Klntn and Walnut. . Minneapolis M. J. Kavanaugh, 60 Soutn Th,rd- ... . Cleveland, O Jimw Pushaw. 807 Su perior street. Atlantio City, N. J. Ell Taylor. New York City L. Jones sc Co., Astor House: Broadway Theater News Stand. Oakland, Cal. W. H. Johnston. Four teenth and Franklin streets, N. Wheatley. Ogden D. I Boyle; W. O. Kind. 114 25th street. Omaha Barkalow Bros., 161 Farnam: Mageath Stationery Co., 1308 Farnam; 240 South Fourteenth. Sacramento, Cal. Sacramento News Co., 43D K street. Salt Lake Salt Lake News Co., 77 West Second street" South; Kosenfeld & Hansen. Los Angeles B. E. Amos, manager seven street wagons. fan Diego B. R. Amos. Ivong Beach. Cal. B. 1. Amos. Pasadena, t'al. A. F. Horning. Pan FranclKCO Foster A Orear, Ferry News Stand; Hotel St. Francis News Stand. Washington, 1). C. Ebbltt House. Penn sylvania avenue. Philadelphia, Pa Ryan's Theater Ticket Office. PORTLAND, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1906. CITIZEN OR SENATOR? To all appearances. President Roose velt has at last convinced the wiseacres who worry so much over hie future that he meant what he said when he de clined to become a candidate for a third term. Still, this does not diminish the difficulty in disposing of him when he goes out of office. It rather makes the task harder. It seems never to have occurred to these busy and anxious peo ple that Mr. Roosevelt will probably And suitable occupation in the future, as he has in the past, without troubling his well-wishers for advice. They are determined to have the matter all set tled when he bids farewell to the White House. They purpose to bestir them selves without intermission until they have found a berth for him which shall be entirely pleasing to their own minde. Whether It pleases Mr. Roosevelt or not Is a minor matter. This berth murt first of all be digni fied. The Idea of a man who has been President descending to any of the or dinary occupations of life is intolerable to our aristocratic busy bodies. Why it should be so dreadful Is not entirely clear. It was the pride of the ancient Spartans that their great men could both command and obey. The General who had won great victories could put oft his authority when he returned home and take part with his fellow citizens in the humble routine of civic life. The Romans had the same feeling In their nobler days. Clncinnatus was called from the plow to lead the armies of the city, and when he had led them to victory he returned to his work. No body thought the less of him for hold ing the plow handles, either before or after he had been dictator. The super stition that office-holding makes a man eacro-sanct, or taboo, so that it is im pious for htm to do ordinary work af terward, is a curious survival of the doctrine of divine right. It is a relic of feudalism. It implies that work is In Itself ignobly, and that It debases the workman. Tne man who has held high office is, according to this, theory, for ever afterward set apart from his kind He has become something different from ordinary clay. He is thenceforth one of the Lord's anointed. A divin ity hedges him. - This notion is, in the first place, false. High office, worthily filled, gives a man honor, but it does not transform him into something different from common humanity. And not only is the notion false, but it Is also undemocratic. Our American theory is that it is essentially noble for a man to employ himself in honest Industry of any sort. Work, either with hand or brain, debases no body. The opinion that a man can be come so exalted that It is Improper for him to work Is part of the morbid craze for fixing worn-out European feudal distinctions upon this Nation. Mr. Roosevelt has a private fortune, which makes It unnecessary for him to earn his living; but, If he were a poor man it ought to be possible for him to practice law, or write books, or lecture in a col lege, or turn to any other honest voca tion when he leaves the Presidential chair without reproach or cavil. If he chooses to do so, In spite of his ample means, he will give another proof of his genuine democracy. Still, it is a commonly accepted opin ion that Mr. Roosevelt ought to hold a public office of some sort when he is no longer President; and after the Presi dency there is none at once so dignified and Influential as that of United States Senator. It is, of course, a fair ques tion for debate whether Mr. Roosevelt ' would exercise greater power over leg islation in the Senate than In private station. The new Senator is. as a rule, assigned to obscure posts. He to bur led in underground committee-rooms. Senatorial courtesy seals his Hps for a year or two after he Is elected. He is normally in a state of pupilage. It Is scarcely credible that these customs would not be altered for Mr. Roosevelt, as they have been for some others, Mr. Crane and Mr. Knox, for example. But in his case it would be for reasons quite unusual. Mr. Roosevelt would never consent to become a meek disciple of Aldrlch. Eikins. Allison and the other senatorial bosses in their insidious schemes to plunder the public, and If he succeeded, as he probably would. In di recting the course of legislation, it would be through sheer determination and ability, not because the old school Senators desired it. Fear of the public, which is becoming more and more of a force in the Senate, would check the enmity of the Drydens, Stones and Baileys to his purposes; but so far as they dared, and could, they would relegate Mr. Roosevelt to the background and thwart his measures. If they could paralyze him and render him dumb they would do so under the guise of Senatorial courtesy. It Is a fine tribute to Mr. Roosevelt's ability that the people believe he would tri umph over the enchantments and black sorcery of the Senate's rules and- cus toms and perform real public service as a member. On, the other hand, should he prefer to remain a private citizen for the rest of his life, his unparalleled eminence and his zeal for the public welfare would aid enormously in the endless task of driving the Senate to its duty. Whether from within or without It must always be driven. Never will the Senate, so long as it depends on the Interests instead of the people, do its duty except under the lash. As a pri vate citizen, a sage, without ambition, free from prejudice, with vast experi ence and with unimpaired energy, Mr. Roosevelt could wield a vast influence over the destinies of the Republic. As a Senator he would, perhaps, be the de termining factor in shaping legislation for many years to come. With his fondness for active efficiency it seems scarcely doubtful which course he will choose. SOUND SENSE IN OPTION DECISION. Whatever the lay mind may think of local option or prohibition as an ab stract question. Judge Burnett's deci sion that the local-option law is a crim inal act, restraining the charter-making power of municipalities, is sound sense, if not sound law. The attempt to annul the law In "dry" towns through the charter-making power of municipalities is an obvious subterfuge of liquor interests, even though this be denied by liquor dealers, who point to the fact that Mayors and Councilmen of "dry" towns have been the actors in the "wet" effort. Liquor interests have been inspiring that effort, and their concern in the matter is quite plain. Judge Burnett's decision will have far-reaching effect. It is quite reason able to expect that his opinion will be sustained in the Supreme Court. If his decision had taken the other side, and been sustained, a radical modification of the law would have been effected, exempting towns from prohibition forced upon them by rural districts and counties. "That this w.?uld cut out the heart of the present law will not be dis puted. The fight against enactment of the law in June, 1904, was made to de feat the bill chiefly on this account, and the futile effort to amend the law in the Legislature in February, 1905, and in the election in June, 1906. aimed to eliminate this part of the law, abol ishing county and district option, and leaving only precinct option. There are sound arguments to sup port the abstract proposition that the liquor traffic should be regulated by precinct option only. These arguments would have prevailed In 1904 but for animosities excited by the political ac tivity 6f liquor men. The same argu ments may be advanced again, at the proper time. They will fall again, how ever, if the old nlmositles shall he aroused. The present law should be respected as the will of the people of Oregon. It Is not to be evaded by subterfuge. Its clear purpose Is prohibition of liquor traffic in towns by rural vote of sur rounding territory. The opinion of Judge Burnett, therefore, was sound sense. It is time that all hands begin to treat the law as an established fact and submit to it with such grace as they can command. Had Judge Bur nett's decision aided the effort to evade the law, the reaction In public senti ment would have mended the act "at the next general election. APPLES AND APPLES. . The Hood River apples now on dis play In this city are magnificent speci mens of horticultural development. Those who remember the red-cheeked pippin, the ruddy Spitzenberg, the pale gold of the yellow bellflower, and the variegated tints of the Northern Spy of half a century ago are scarcely ready to admit that these beauties from Hood River excel those memory apples in flavor, though they must acknowledge that they excel their forebears in size and coloring. And then the price! Here Indeed the Hood River apples soar. They are advertised as cheap at $1.85 a box. Apples just as juicy and tooth some rotted on the ground in the Wil lamette Valley by the ton or found stinted market at twenty-five cents a box before the railroad era, and the codlln moth and San Jose scale inva sion. But, farther back still, when first the apple trees of the Willamette Valley came into bearing, growers re ceived fifteen dollars a bushel for the product. California was the market then, and the apples were shipped in the stuffy holds of the old Oriflamme, Ajar an John L. Stephens, and were retailed in San Francisco at no one knows what price, but enough to clear all costs and leave a handsome margin of profit to the Importer. A few Soxes of Hood River apples in San Francisco then would have been a small fortune to the dealer; a couple of dozen boxes would have been wealth. But the Hood River product is a later development, and, because of the widened market, brings wealth to the grower at two dol lars a box. At this price, however, It is clear that apples cannot be a staple article on the worklngman's bill of fare. As the po tato Is the vegetable of the masses, so the apple is their fruit, and this is in fair supply, reasonably, though not en tirely, free from insect pests, at a price that the workingman with a large fam ily can afford to pay. Not apples with the assured perfection of the Hood River product, of course, but apples Juicy and toothsome. The old apple trees, moss-grown, gnarly and uncultivated, that produce only stunted, wormy and scaly fruit, are happily becoming fewer every year, but succeeding them are many thrifty young orchards, the owners of which, properly equipped for the fray, fight the apple pests vigorously and with such effect that the product is market able. It is to the output of these or chards that the majority of our people look for their -apple supply. Fruit inspectors are and must be dili gent in the discharge of their duty. But It should be exercised rather toward the destruction of old orchards, and in in sisting that the newer trees be prop erly sprayed and their product care fully assorted before being sent to the market, than in placing the ban upon all apples that come from even slightly Infected orchards. In the meantime, apple-growers, even though they con fine, their efforts in this line to the family orchard, should not wait for the compelling power of the law before de stroying their old apple trees or taking means to keep the newer orchards free from peeus. A little individual pride and interest displayed in this matter will In a few years restore the) fauis) of the big red apple throughout the Wil lamette Valley, make the orchardlsts of Hood River look to their laurels, and bring good, marketable apples within reach of the worklngman's family the season through, with, fair returns to the grower. ANTIQUITY OF MAN. ' Long ago it was settled, to the satis faction of all who had given the facts due attention, that the human race has had a very long career upon the .earth. How long, none can tell, even approxi mately. But it is certain that proofs of the existence of man upon the earth reach back to 'distant epochs, variously estimated at 80,000 to 200,000 years ago, and even, further. Lyell, in his "An tiquity of Man," published in successive editions from thirty-five to forty-five years ago, adduced the main proofs, which have since been confirmed by unanswerable further discoveries of similar kind. The human body ifl per ishable, and not much sure and cer tain proof of man's high antiquity can be had from human bones or remains of human art with them, for there may be dispute, or at least uncertainty, as to the periods to which such discov eries belong. But man's indestructible tools and implements, including his weapons of warfare and of the chase, have been found in situations innumer able, buried deep in beds of glacial drift and gravel that certainly have lain undisturbed through countless ages. No forces less potent than those which produce cosmic or geologic changes could so have placed them. Implements and weapons of flint and stone found In such situations tell a story- which all minds open to facts must receive. No human theory, no creed of theology, no cosmology or re ligious belief, is good for anything that disputes or ignores them. Man has been upon the earth during a period in conceivably long; and such, remains as wo have of his life in those distant ages prove that he was then in a very low stage of being or existence. " This must have been the -original condition of every race. That condition was simply the condi tion of other animals, yet relieved by a germ, instinct or capacity of progress,- ' which haa carried . the develop ment of the human race from a low to successively higher stages, from the weak and helpless state of infancy to the maturity and powjr of manhood, from a rude and barbarous phase to a more refined civilization. It reverses the Idea that man has fallen from a high estate to a lower; It requires be lief in an ascent from a lower to a higher. They who deny this conclusion, as Lyell has said, "owe their opinion or belief to very strong prepossessions in favor of an opposite hypothesis." But the appearance of man In the Western Hemisphere was probably much more recent than In the Eastern. No sure proofs or probable indications of as high antiquity for the human raoe in America have yet been pro duced as those discoveries in Europe admitted by common consent. The rel ics of the Mound Builders of America, it is believed, as not very old; and we think no sure proof of the existence of pre-glacial, interglacial or paleolithic man in America has yet been produced. Thus, while the antiquity of man in Europe is an established fact, the like proofs are wanting in America, though there are those who hold that the Es kimo 1s a surviving representative of ancient man in the Western Hemi sphere. There remains scarcely a remnant of an opinion once, widely held that man in America had his origin here. On the contrary, there Is now little doubt that the population of America is of Old World origin. But when its ancestors came, how they got here, and from what peoples of the Old World they sprang, are questions apparently in soluble. It may have been easy In early times to pass over from North ern Asia to Northern America. Fur ther, it is but natural to suppose that the time since the migration had been sufficiently long to develop the racial differences and distinctions so marked in America. All the variations found here may have come from a single type; that type now varying greatly from the Old World type from which It came. HARRtMAN AND FISH. The kindling ardor of the railroad magnates to get possession of lines trending southward proves that they have definitely abandoned the hope of defeating the Panama Canal project. The Oregonlan stated long ago that when the canal was finished the north and south lines would be more Impor tant to commerce than the transconti nental roads, and there is much evi dence coming to light that the captains of industry are of the same opinion. Assuredly the movement of slow, heavy freight will be through the canal rather than over the mountains. With this thought in mind, we are at no loss to Understand Mr. Harriman's eagerness to control the Illinois Central road, which is at present perhaps the most important north and south line in the country. He and Mr. Stuyvesant Fish, in their contest for control, re semble two medieval Barons fighting over a principality, while the agencies of the law look on in meek paralysis. Should Mr. Harrlman accomplish, his purpose against the Illinois Central management, he will be the practical owner of some 30,000 miles of railroad, touching, it is said, every important center of commerce in the Country, and including the main highways of the Nation north and south as well as east and west. The power over transportation which Mr. Roosevelt trembles to see conferred upon the Federal Government will thus have passed Into the hands of a single individual. Which is the better place for it? Most thinkers, thus far agree with the President, but there Is a grow ing unrest at the spectacle of 60 much concentration of power. If concentra tion of power in the General Govern ment is bad, many are coming to think that in the hands -of Mr. Harrlman it is worse still. Each succeeding railroad magnate who enters the field acquires more ex tensive control than his predecessors. The movement toward concentration is apparently one that cannot be checked. So far as can be foreseen it must go on until all the highways of the country are controlled by one individual. Shall that Individual be elected by the people or chosen by the trusts? This is an in teresting question which must be de cided before long. Mr. Roosevelt's the ory is that the railroads ought to be controlled in the interest of the public This would admit, perhaps, a depart ment of railroads as part of the Gov ernmental machinery, with its chief for the executive head of the whole trans portation system of the country. Cer tainly public control must always be more or less visionary unless the Gov ernment actually directs a large part of the executive affairs of the roads. Hitherto we have thought best to do this Indirectly, through a commission and the courts. Economy of adminis tration may ultimately Induce the Gov ernment to do it directly. The railroad problem grows in interest wiih each new development, and the difficulty is proportionate to the interest. Of one thing we can be certain the rate law, excellent as it is, is merely the begin ning of the solution. EDWARD DICKENSON BAKER. Forty-five years ago today Edward Dickenson Baker, United States Sena tor from Oregon, soldier of the Repub lic, led a forlorn hope against the Con federates at Ball's Bluff, near Lees burg, Virginia, and fell mortally wounded at the head of his command. The attempt; was an ill-advised one. Our soldiers had yet to learn the art of war; yet to learn that the hosts of secession were in deadly earnest in their contention for a Southern Confed eracy; yet to learn the added, and for the time being the invincible force that rancor and fury lent to the arm of Re bellion. Colonel Baker took tutelage in this bitter lesson at the expense of his life. He died as dies the brave, mourned by the citizens of his adopted state and by thousands of loyal hearts throughout the North. Forty-five years ago Oregon, then but two years a state, the youngest of the sisterhood, was scarcely more than an outpost of civilization. The election of Colonel Baker to the United States Sen ate by the combined votes of Republi cans and Douglas Democrats is a mat ter of the political history and methods of those times. It gave to Oregon a Senator whose record as a soldier was made in the Mexican War, whose fame as an orator reached its climax in his immortal Madison Square speech, scarcely more eloquent, however, than his. eulogy on Senator Broderick; his record as a statesman and a lawyer be longed to the Lincoln-Douglas period, of which Springfield, 111., was the storm center. Though the methods by which his election to the Oregon Senatorship were questioned, and, perhaps, ques tionable, it was felt at the time that the end justified the means, and the young state was proud of her silver tongued, snowy-crowned Senator. And it was justified In its estimate of his power, his ability and his Influence, for, though Edward Dickenson .Baker did not live to fulfill the expectations of loyal Oregoniana in the contention for liberty and union in the Senate of the United States, ha sustained the strong arm of the Government during the few months that intervened between his election and his heroic death, and has taken his place In history as a man who carried the courage of his convic tions into battle and unto death. A conspicuous figure of the American bar, a firm supporter of the National Government, an eloquent and effective orator, a brave soldier, Colonel Baker lived his half century, passed out througfh the open portals of a bitter strife and on to an honored place in his country's history. THE "HIRED GIRL" PROBLEM AGAIN. "The mistress," says Labor Commis sioner Hoff, of Oregon, discussing in his new report the domestic-help prob lem, "must stop considering the girl she hires to do her work any lower in the human scale than she does her own daughter, when she performs the same work with equal intellectual ability, or the time will come when she will have to do her own housework, or employ a man instead." ' This may be tne outcome of the "hired-girl" question housewives and their daughters will have to do their housework themselves. But it Is not human nature for a mother to place a "hired girl" on the same level in the human scale as she does her daughters. She does not put a man cook, when she has one, on the same level as her sons, nor her gardener nor coachman. In novels and on the stage occasionally her daughter runs away with the gar dener or her son elopes with the cham bermaid, but even there, under the most favorable circumstances for a happy ending, great trouble ensues, and the author- or the playwright Is hard put to make things "end right." The caste Instinct is grievous enough among men, but is worse among wom en. It is held down in this country as much as it can be by popular laws and rules of conduct. But it is a fact of human nature, plainest with mothers of growing sons and daughters. It is part of the mother's feeling that her children are superior and of her ambi tion to hold them up and have them "do welL" A housewife is bound to hold herself and children above her "help," deplorable as the results are. But the "help"would instinctively do the same were fortunes reversed. The wise housewife, while possessed of this feeling of superiority, restrains it. She treats her cook and chamber maid with consideration and maintains her authority without endeavoring to demonstrate her superiority in the hu man scale. Unfortunately, few women have the tact or ability or desire to conduct their households In this man ner. And. perhaps, for penalty, "the time will come wh'en she will have to do her own housework or employ a man instead." A WOMAN'S MONUMENT. The citizens of Galesburg, 111., have recently honored the memory of "Mother Bickerdyke," the well-known soldiers' nurse in the Civil War, by a monument. Many stories, says the Youth's Companion, in which the humorous and the heroic are delight .fully mingled, are given by the late Mrs. Livermore in her "Story of the War." A homely figure, clad In calico and wearing a Shaker bonnet, Mrs. Bicker dyke went from hospital to hospital, camp to camp, counting no service too hard that would make even one of her "boys" more comfortable, and scout ing with fine scorn the regulations that made haste slowly, unwinding Ted tape as they went, while men were dying for lack of medical and surgical aid. She was no mild-mannered saint, this intensely practical woman whose name haa just been given to granite, and a brief record of whose achievements in mercy's side of war is engraved be neath It. She dearly loved her own way, usually got it, and in getting it not infrequently enraged her superiors by her open disregard of rftilitary con ventionalities. One illustration of her common-sense methods as opposed to the usual rigid rules of war will suf fice to make plain the prompt and fear less measures that she pursued. She was in charge of a field hospital on the night succeeding a battle. The weather was bitterly cold, and wounded, half frozen men were being brought in. Fire was the- first requisite, and there was no fuel. Without taking counsel of any one, Mother Bickerdyke tore down the breastworks of the post and built of the material thus secured Jiuffe fires. Upon being arrested and report ed to General Sherman, he ordered her discharged, saying; "I can do noth ing; Mother Bickerdyke outranks me." Noted for the exercise of common sense in emergencies; for untiring care of men wounded In battle, and of the sick in rudely improvised, ill-provi sioned hospitals; for a helpfulness that knew- not fatigue, and humanity as boundless as opportunity to serve her fellow-creatures, Mrs. Bickerdyke rep resented mercy's side of war in the great conflict in which a nation's life hung In the balance. THE NEW MASONIC TEMPLE. The new Masonic Temple, whose cor nerstone was laid yesterday in Port land, will be an ornament to the city and a striking monument to an organ ization that, by common consent, is acr corded the primacy among fraternal orders.' The perfection and beauty of the structure will stand as a model, not alone for workers in architecture, but for workers in another craft those whose aims are the upbuilding of truth and Justice, benevolence and charity, on the basis of the "Fatherhood of God and brotherhood of man." Masonry is a great and ancient force throughout the world. Its disciples dwell in every clime, held through faith in the one Great Architect, whose hands have wrought creation's edifice, and through adherence to the "cardinal vir tues" temperance, fortitude, prudence and justice. It is fitting that this thriv ing City of Portland should be adorned with the beautiful temple such as is building at West Park and Yamhill streets its symmetries not alone typi cal of the Masonic order, but appropri ate to the citizenship of Portland and Oregon. Never had Masonry so many members; never did it grow so . fast; and its growth in the future will be still more rapid. On its rolls are names of foremost men of city, state and Nation and the world men of affairs, scholars, statesmen. Governors, Presi dents, Princes, Kings, Emperors and those of lesser station in church and state. And Portland's monument of the order will be in keeping with this city's size and power. There is no religious test in Masonry, beyond reverence for a Great Creator. The laws governing Masons "o'oljge them to that reli jion, in which all men agree, leaving their particular opinions to themselves"; but if a Mason "right ly understands the art he will never be a 6tupid atheist or irreligious libertine." "It thus happens," as Judge J. B. Cle land said in his address at the corner stone laying, "that men of almost every creed may meet in peace and harmony about the altars of Freemasonry." Out of this principle come universal rules of conduct in human association. These are taught and enforced by Ma sonry. "A system of ethics" it has been called, moral, religious and philo sophical, which "relates to the social, ethical and intellectual progress of man." "A Mason Is obliged by his ten ure to obey the moral law," state the ancient charges, which declare also that brotherly love is the "foundation and copestone, the cement and glory of this ancient fraternity." A Mason's duties to the fraternity do not conflict with his duty to God, his neighbor, his coun try or himself, and he is taught that the tenets of Masonry are brotherly love, relief and truth. He is charged "to be a good man and true," "to be a peaceful citizen, cheerfully to conform to the laws," and "to pay proper re spect to the civil magistrate," "to work diligently, live creditably, and act hon orably by all men." He is also taught the immortality of the soul and the resurrection of a future life "in that celestial lodge above, where the Su preme Architect of the Universe pre sides." That all Masons do not live up to the teachings of their order is admitted the fault being the failings of 'human nature. But that the order is a great worker for good goes without saying. Portland and Oregon have reason to be proud of the growth of this order, soon to be typified by its new temple. BALLOONS AND AUTOMOBILES. An unique feature of the exhibition for the recent International Aeronautic Society, held near Berlin, was a race between balloons and automobiles, un der the auspices of the balloon corps of the military transport department. The test was one both of the speed and effectiveness of the two methods of transportation applied to the emer gencies of war. Theoretically, each of the balloons carried important military dispatches, while the automobiles, in the service of the enemy, were charged with the duty of capturing the dis patches when the airships landed. A more exciting and dangerous con test? could not well be imagined, as four balloons each of 200 meter capacity, carrying two officers and an assistant umpire, and flying a broad designat ing pennant, shot up and sailed away before a sixteen-mile breeze, while five automobiles, flying the colors of the balloons, shot after them on the smooth highways that had been cleared for the race. Later a large number of automobiles joined in the chase. The balloonists were limited to two hours in the air, and were allowed twenty minutes in which to escape with the dispatches after landing, while the au tomobiles won if they reached the bal loons within that period. While the balloons won, the contest indicated the enormous advantage that both of these modern devices for fly ing without wings might prove in time of war. The record of the race, how ever, still leaves the carrier pigeon un matched for speed as a war messenger, while the menace of death, disablement or capture to the bird is small by com parison with that which attends the balloonist and the automobllist from start to finish. Sentiment attends the carrier pigeon at every stage of her flight, and welcomes the flutter of her tired wing against the pane when her journey is safely completed. Anxiety, devoid of all sentiment, but eager and tense, must follow the war mission of the airship or the automobile, as, with human life in deadly peril, it bids defi ance to th limitations of matter in its effort to overcome distance without the aid of wings. There are 99,777 miles of public high ways in Pennsylvania. While the funds collected and expended for road pur poses last year amounted to $48.98 per mils of public road, or 77 cents per capita of the inhabitants of the state, but 3 per cent of the mileage is. im proved. " Further comparison shows one mile of improved road to every 2916 inhabitants. Oregon should be able to make a better showing than this. If some one Interested would furnish the data in the matter. The Oregonlan would be glad to publish it. There haa txen a rood deal of agitation In times past upon the question of good roads in the state, and it would be interesting to know to what extent it has borne fruit. The public knows in a general way that there are some stretches of good road in Multomah, Clackamas, Marion, Polk, and perhaps some other counties. Reliable data in regard to the extent of these, the cost per capita of road, improvement in the state, etc.. would be of interest, especially at this season of the year, when the farmer of almost any section abroad with his load of produce is likely to think that the good roads of which ho has heard from time to time, and to which an item In his tax receipt assures him he has contributed his quota, are a myth, or that they lie in some other district. Humanity has for months been shocked and appalled at the cruelties practiced under the rulershlp of the unspeakableLeopold of Belgium upon the natives of the Congo Free State. It Is a shame to European civilization that this royal monster is permitted to torture, maim and kill these wretched creatures in order further to enrich himself from the rubber trade. The dif ference between the cruelties practiced upon the revolutionists of Russia and those inflicted upon the natives of the Congo is that between torturing a man who understands the conditions that lead up to his sufferings and a child who knows nothing of the cause for which he is scourged and branded and maimed. This Leopold of Belgium is a monster of greed, cruelty and oppres sion; a man who hounded his wife to death and has dealt with heartless des potism with his daughters. It Is ro wonder that under his unlimited sway cruelties that would disgrace a Kurd have been practiced upon the helpless natives of the Congo country; the won der is that civilized Europe gave him the opportunity, and, passively at least, sustains him in the atrocities to which he has been prompted by greed. The Department of the Interior has waged a war of prosecution in a num ber of states and has procured a total of 636 indictments, distributed among the states as follows: Alabama, 14; Arkansas, 25; California, 7; Colorado, 15; Florida, 21; Idaho, 21; Kansas, 6; Louisiana, 156; Michigan, 5; Minnesota, 32; Mississippi, 78; Missouri, 6; Mon tana, 41; Nebraska, 14; New Mexico, 9; North Dakota, 15; Oregon, 110; South Dakota, 59; Wisconsin, 6. But while all these indictments have been returned in nineteen states, the cases have been pressed to trial and conviction chiefly in Oregon. The only convictions thus far are: Oregon, 22; North Dakota, 4; Nebraska, 4; Colorado, 2; New Mexico, 2; total, 34. In several states cases are yet to come to trial. Probably not In all the states will as many convictions be had as in Oregon, for it is seldom that men dig up the evidence as thor oughly as did Heney and his assistants. "Pink tea with cigarettes" is one of the diversions of student life at the University of Wisconsin. The State Presbyterian Synod, now in session at Madison, has the temerity to object to an entertainment of this character as one of the influences to which young men of the University are subjected, the tendency of which la to weaken their moral tone. The appointment Jf a "student pastor" is suggested as a remedy for the evils of which the "pink tea with cigarettes" is a late phase. Since one of the professors gave the "tea" and furnished the cigarettes, a revision of the faculty would probably better serve the purpose. Disbarment proceedings have been brought against a Salem attorney who committed forgery in state land trans actions and afterward admitted it in open court. And, of course, he is the only Salem attorney who ever did any thing that merited disbarment. The Cuban tobacco ctop was greatly damaged by the late storm, and the yield will be short. By careful man agement, there may be' enough, how ever, to furnish the cigar stores of Portland .with two and one-half or three cigars apiece. Naturally, a good man like Boss Mur phy would be highly Indignant at being blackmailed by the thrifty Independ ence League managers. Think of any one having the nerve to demand money from Murphy! Judging by reports, there will be a good many families of Chinese pheas ants that can hold unbroken re-unions on Thanksgiving Day. The slaughter has not yet assumed alarming propor tions. Mies Krupp, the cannon-maker, mar ried a humble young doctor when she might have made her choice among the big guns of the world. But perhaps she was simply avoiding the big bores. The Anti-Saloon League put Mr. Local Option on trial, and; after much heat and some light, found him not guilty. Far be it from us to suggest that the Jury was packed. The football season has formally opened, and every undertaker and doc tor in town has good reason to hope for the worst. No doubt that West India storm was merely rushing in to fill up the vacuum made by Secretary Taft's departure. David B. Hill might help a little if he would emerge lorsg enough to tell us what is a Democrat. Christmas presents are due shortly. Don't put it off too long. The City of St. James. Brooklyn Eagle. James J. Hill Is to build a city. It is to be called St. James. It Is to be a sort of a canonization of the great rail road operator, since his first name is taken with the prefix of Saint. It is to be situated on Gray's Bay, 16 miles above the mouth of the Columbia River. The new road being built under the auspices of the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific Railroad Companies from Pasco to Vancouver" will be extended westward to Gray's Bay. It Is to be a new ocean port and It is expected that the new city will divide the Columbia River ocean commerce with Portland and Astoria. In short, it will be another city builded in a night under the new order of things when great Industrial forces create new conditions and perform marvels. Faithful Even After Death. London Post. Organist Pilklngton, at Paulersbury, Northamptonshire, England, used to be accompanied every Sunday to the church door by his terrier, which waited patient ly until the service was concluded. Six weeks ago the organist died. On each Sunday since then the dog has gone to the church, looked wistfully about, waited until everybody had departed and then gone home mournfully. THE PESSIMIST. Taking into consideration the pic ture of Andrew himself on the Carne gie hero medals, no one but a real hero would have the courage to wear one . ' e e Before the present discussion as to why servants do not like - to be serv ants comes to an end, perhaps some brave man will suggest that a large part of the trouble is owing to the im possibility of two women living to gether in ptaee and harmony in one house. e e Now that the New York Central Rail road Company has been convicted of a crime, the court can fine the manage ment and sentence the employes and locomotives to hard labor. e In the same breath, as it were, the Eastern papors last week informed us of a girl who had been made Colonel and of another girl who thinks that it would be nice for ladies to serve in the Navy. It would seem rather curi ous at first to have our Navy manned by women, but then how much more picturesque and homelike the ships would be. Should the flagship In some future battle of Manila Bay be de layed in getting into action on ac count of a difficulty that the fair cap tain might have with her back hair, the Admiral would curb his impa tience and courteously say: "We will fire when you are ready. Miss Gridley." e e A straight line' is shorter than around the corner, Is the popular ren dition of the well-known geometrical principle that any two sides of a tri angle are greater than the remaining side. This idea seems to bo implanted as an a priori perception in the con sciousness of every moving being at birth. An ant will drag a burden many times its own weight to the lofty sum mit of a spear of grass and down the other side, rather than deviate a hair's breadth from a straight course; a tod dling child will fall Into a well and drown because that seems to be the shortest route to the opposite brink, and any boy will climb over a house that happens to bo in his way. Older people and girls exhibit in a slightly less strenuous fashion their perception of thts same fundamental truth in the operation known as "cutting 'cross lots." The distance diagonally across a block 200 feet square is about 28) feet, while around by the cement sidewalk it is 120 feet farther. To save that distance, the average human will put forth the most tremendous exertions and brave unknown perils on dark and stormy nights. Scorning croquet hoops or barb wire entanglements, placed in his way by luckless property-owners, he will Invade the privacy of the do mestic back yard or wend his way through a pathless forest. Wholly ig noring the vertical distance which he is covering, he will climb up untold steps and then slide down a muddy bank to regain the street. He will en gage in fierce warfare with belligerent dogs, surmount the crests of dizzy woodpiles, endure the odors of tho family garbage can and trample upon newly made lawns, in pursuit of the principle mentioned or rather than walk an extra step on his way homo. e e Secretary Bonaparte's address to the .railiiatlnir mldshlrimMi lit AnnADolln fur nishes an opportunity for further discus sion of the question: "What Is a gentle man?" This question is one thai is pe culiar to this country, and is an Insistent problem that must be solved before our national life Is complete. In Europe In England particularly a gentleman Is born a gentleman; he knows that he is a gen tleman; details of habits, or personal characteristics have little bearing on his status. Mrs. Astor, who is something of an au thority in such . matters, once said that no gentleman was a gentleman unless he was a college graduate. Later she amend ed her ruling to the effect that no gentle man ever smoked in her presence; mean ing, of course, that a gentleman who smoked would refrain from smoking when she was near. Obviously her classifica tion, while It Is very broad, does not en tirely settle the matter. She leaves In doubt the status of the college graduate who does not smoke at all. It will be seen by this that the subject is one of some difficulty, and that one should not, like Secretary Bonaparte, jump at hasty conclusions from insuffi cient premises. While self-control, readi ness for self-sacrifice, sensitiveness In honor are qualities exhibited by some gen tleman, a far weightier matter than these is the determining qualification of Ameri lean gentility. It is my good fortune ati this time to be able to point out what this last requisite is. It is a question of suspenders. A gen tleman is known by the suspenders ha wears. A friend of mine, who fulfills Mrs. As-" tor's qualification. inasmuch as ha smokes, is a college graduate, and never smoked in Mrs. Astor' s presence, gave a hint that will lead to the discovery of the great truth. We were engaged in a solemn discussion as to the relative merits of various brands of trouser sustalners. Up to that moment I had always thought myself par ticularly happy In my choice of suspend ers. The brand which I then affected, and am still wearing, was durable, artistic, and wholly efficient. Not so with my. friend's suspenders, his were of the sort that gentlemen wear! Listening in silence to my enthusiastio description of the supporters that had been to me a comfort and a joy, my friend slowly arose, as I "finished; and, with the air of a man who is about to unveil a monument to the nation's dead, he unbut toned his waistcoat and disclosed to me the secret that we have all sought so long. "These," said he, "are the suspenders that gentlemen wear." I wish that I could remember the name of those suspenders. My college degree is unassailable ;" Mrs. Astor has never seen me smoke: with my trousers held at a genteel altitude by a pair of those aristo cratic suspenders, I could stand with head erect in the presence of any man. My friend is traveling in foreign lands. When he returns, the wheat will be sep arated from the chaff; each man will know his place, and the world will at last know the final qualification of an Amer ican gentleman. M. B. WELLS. His First Hnndred-Dollar Bill. Brooklyn (N. J.) Eagle. The world was mine, my heart stood still 1 owned a hundred-dollar bill. I drew It from the bank that day; They cashed the check I got In pay For weary days of Irksome toil, ' For hoeing, plowing up the soil. For milking cows,, tor mowing hay. For doing anything they'd say. And now I have a million; yet That happy moment I regret The moment when I felt the thrll) From that first bundred-tioUax bill.