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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Feb. 26, 1905)
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, 3POBTLAXD, FEBRUARY 26, 1905. America's Great Advance Since Last Inauguration EXPERTS SHOW THAT IT IS MORE REMARKABLE THAN ANY OTHER FOUR YEARS IN OUR HISTORY dp "0 UR workshops never were so busy, our trade at home was never so large, and our foreign trade exceeds that of any like period In our history.," So said the late President McKinley In a speech at Chicago on October 10, 1899. If It was true then, It Is far truer today. "When President Roose velt is inaugurated on March 4 he will begin another term of administration over a country much more prosperous and much more important in the world's affairs than tho United States was on March 4. 1901 the date of the second Inauguration of President McKlnley. Although scores, if not hundreds, of millions of dollars of "water" have been squeezed out of tho stocks of over capitalized corporations during the past two or three years, our total National riches are now estimated by leading statisticians at about one hundred and five billions of dollars, which Is rather more than that of the United Kingdom and Germany put together, eleven bil lions better than at the end of 1900, and a quarter of the total wealth of the world. Many great things have been done since the last inauguration. Two new and independent republics Cuba and Panana have been started in life with Uncle Sam for their godfather. The site of the Isthmian Canal has been bought "we paid for Ir out of the petty cash in the drawer," said ex-Secretary of War Elihu Root, in a speech last year, referring to the fact that the United States Government was too rich to need a special bond issue for the purpose and preliminary -steps have been taken to cut the ditch. In many other matters the United Slates has made a notable advance since 1900. Several oxperts who were inter viewed on the subject were able to supply some interesting facts and fig ures, all going to show that in eafch of their particular lines the country was never so well off as it is today. We Building the World's Best Navy "Our Navy is now the third strongest in the world, on paper," said one of the chief officials at the Brooklyn Navy- Yard.. "England and France are ranked above us; but while, of course, we could not hope to vanquish the former in the unhappy and unlikely event of a war, it is the common opinion of American naval officers that we could put up a winnlntr flirht against the latter. This may sound conceited to people who have only studied comparative lists of h.itleshlns and cruisers, but we have good grounds on which to base our con fidence. 'America has been very modest in her naval nomenclature. We have been building fast batleships and calling them armored cruisers The , new crulsors of the 'Washington' class, with their displacement of nearly fif teen thousand tons, rank among the most prodigious vessels in the world. 1 do not believe there is a battlesnip oullt before 1900 which could hope to encounter one of them sucessfully In a fair, stand-up light. Many battle ships built since 1S00 could not do so, Thov axe really battleships with a eneed of twenty-two knots. You may search all the seas without finding finer or more effective war vessels, Beveral of these cruisers have been launched and others are now nearlng uompletion. "The building up of the new navy nas been expensive work, of course, but the results have Justified the ex penditure. Since 1900 the navy esti mates nearly haves doubled. In that year we spent close on $56,000,000; last vear close on 5103.00J.000. We have been paying more for our navy, during the past four years, than any other nation, except England. The average for the four years was $78, 71.050. France, which came next to us, spent an average of $63,000,000. England, in the struggle to keep up her two-power standard, expended $175,000,000. You must remember that France and England have much larger navies to maintain tnan we have, so that a bigger proportion of our money than of theirs went for new ships. "In 190J we had eleven battleships. Since then the keels of fourten new ones have been laid. Some of them are ready for service, and others are approaching completion. Thus, prac tically speaking, we have more than doubled tho strength of our first line of battle since the last inauguration. "We had only two armoured cruisers in 1900. Ten have been put on the stocks since then the fast battleships of huge tonnage to which I previously referred. Take, for example, the :orth Carolina' and the 'Montana.' They- cost $4,400,000 each and displace 14.500 tons. Tho famous battleship 'Oregon only cost $3,222,810 and dis places 11,111 tons. "When all the ships now under con Ptruction or authorized are affloat, we shall have thirty-seven huge vessels capable of meeting In line of battle. wi.th every prospect of victory, any nther thirtv-seven Ironclads which could be arrayed against them by hostilo power. Even if England were to pick out of her great fleet the twen ty-five best battleships and the 12 best armored cruisers, I think we should go into the fight with the ad vantage on our side. Of course our 27 would contain one weak unit, the noor old battleship Texas,' which, has little modern fighting value; but the general excellence of the rest would more than make up for that. "The peculiar strength of our Navy is that the ships are better adapted for working togetner than those or any other navy, even Japan's. That Is the beauty of building up a navy in four rears or so. The speed of the battle ship squadron is 16 knots, and It could be made 17 by cutting out the Indiana and the Massachusetts, old snips wnose keels were laid away back in 1891. See how quickly ironclads get out of date! These vessels, however, are by no means antiquated as compared with many battleships of other powers; but thev are lagging behind their com rades. The armored cruisers could get up a squadron speed of 22 knots, if it were not for the New York, which can only make 21. The flagship of Samp son's Santiago fleet Is already getting out of date, judged by our new Navy standards. We nave certainly ad vanced since the Spanish War. and the advance has mainly taken place during the past four years. "Our battleships have the heaviest ar mor and most powerful armament of any of their size, besides the highest prac ticable speed and the greatest radius of action. Our armored cruisers combine strength with speed better than any other vessels: of their class. These are the two rnt factors of the new navy, but since MijC 11 protected cruisers have been laid r-trn. besides a number of craft of lesser 4-ruynt. 'Strikes and delays in the delivery rf iruior and -stool forcings have re The United States now owns a quarter of the world's wealth. Since igoo it has stood sponsor- for two new re publics Cuba and Panama. It has bought an Isthmian Canal site "out of the petty cash in the drawer." It is building up the world's best navy, with cruisers that could beat other nations' battleships. More has been done for the Philippines in four years than for any other Asiatic colony in twenty. Diplomatic triumphs have been scored almost week by week. There has been a wonderful increase in all branches of material wealth. American scientists and inventors have made great contributions to the world's knowledge. tarded the completion of several of the battleships and armored cruisers, but the delay has not been altogether unfortunate. It has made It possible to modify the plans to some extent and benefit by the latest discoveries In naval affairs, even In some Instances by the lessons- of the Russo-Japanese War. "I suppose we squabble over our new ships more than any other nation on eartn, even ureal sritain. ui course everybody knows about the discussions in the Navy Board: but I can assure you that the details of new plans are Just as warmly debated in the wardrooms of the ships in com mission. Whether we should" have low freeboard or high freeboard, like that of the English ships; whether superposed turrets are advisable In battleships: whether thero should be heavy machinery and high steam power for armored cruisers, as Rear- Admlral Melville advocates, or the weight of tho engines should be cut vlown to 'the lowest limit to adroit of the heaviest possible armor and armament these are the questions which even the Junior officers debate as if their very lives depended on them, as, indeed, tney may do some day. In the English navy it is regarded as bad form to 'talk shop' In the wardroom: but I am glad to say there's no unwritten rule of that kind in our service. "The strategic power of the navy has been greatly increased since 1900 by the acquisition of naval bases at Guantanamo and Bah la Honda when Cuba was made independent. Iarge expenditures have already been made on the station at Guantanamo. which occupies an almost ideal situation for the control of the Caribbean Sea and the main approaches to the Isthmian Canal. Practically nothing has been done so far to improve and fortify the concession at Bahia Honda, but work has gone on uninterruptedly at Culebra, the coaling station off Porto Rico, which commands the Anegada Passage. Culebra is now. with the exception of Kingston. Jamica, the strongest fortified place in the West Indies. In case of war, too. we could use coaling stations on both sides of the Isthmus, so that our strategic posi tion for the control of the canal has been rendered perfect." Caring for America Over the Sea SINCE the last inauguration, the United States has not only built up a new navy, but she has been obliged to perform the novel task of looking, after colonies over sea. On this sub ject William R. Erskine, a prominent member of the Society for Political Education and an intimate friend of both ex-Governor Taft and Governor Beekman Wlnthrop, had some Interest ing things to say. "The real American development of Porto Rico did not begin until 190D," he said, "and that of the Philippines not until 1901, when Judge Taft was appointed Civil Governor. In July of the following year. Congress passed the Philippines Civil Government Bill, and since that date the Philippines have steadily progressed under Amer ican rule. "The development of their com merce is shown by tho fact that whereas they only exported to the United States in 1901 $4,420,912 worth of merchandise. In 1904, they sent us $12,066,439 worth. Porto Rico, like most tropical colonics, is always grumbling; but we bought goods from her last year to the valuevof $11,576,912. as against $3,078,648 in 1900 nearly a fourfold Increase in five years! If that rate of in crease keeps up, the Porto Hi cans ought soon to be an exceedingly prosperous peo ple. "Alike In the Philippines and Porto Rico, the task of the American Admin istrators has been peculiarity difficult because their Spanish predecessors let the machine run down. If we had taken over an English, a Dutch, or even a French colony, the problem would have been very different. It was not a question of keeping the ad ministration running, but of building up an entirely new system of govern ment. "All this has been done In four short years, handicapped. In the case of the Philippines, by a smoldering insurrection during a great part of that time. We have a good right to be proud of the result. "Porto Rico may not be as prosperous as its inhabitants wish, but what West Indian colony Is? French, Danish, Dutch, English they are nearly all complaining with good cause, and have been doing so for many years. Trinidad and Curacao are the only really prosperous Caribbean Islands, and that Is because they have the peculiar advantage of being entre pots for South American trade. "The great mass of the people in the Danish Islands thought so well of our rule in Porto Rico that they wanted to be annexed by the United States In 1901 and 1902, and at that date we had not gone far with our schemes for Improving the government of the colony. The school system, agricultural department, and other branches of the Porto Rlcan admin istration are continually held up as mod els by the legislatures and newspapers of Jamaica and other British colonies. And the Porto RIcans themselves say that now, for the first time In their lives, they can rely upon getting absolute justice vfrom the officials and the Judges. "We have made Porto Rico happier and more prosperous In four or five years than the English have made Jamaica since Cromwell's day or the French Guadeloupe since the 17th century- Its exports are greater than those of any other West Indian colony in proportion to population, and that is the best test of prosperity In a small tropical island which lives by selling its products to the outside world. "As tor the PhillDDlnes. take thejude- ment of an expert. M. Lamonthe. the Governor of tho French protectorate of Cambodia, has been making a tour of in vestigation throughout the archipelago. According to a cablegram from Manila, he says, 'that the Americans are pursu ing a new theory with extraordinary lib erality. The boldest plans are energet ically executed. Remarkable activity characterizes the public works. The uni versal extension of . the school system at enormous expense is, perhaps, prema ture, in his opinion. However, more has been accomplished in the Philippines in five years than in 20 years In any of the other Oriental colonics. He considers that the Philippines have a brighter fu ture than Java, which Is more success ful .from an administration standpoint, but docs not elevate the natives.' "Americans, I think, would rather see their colonial experiments fall than suc ceed on the lines the Dutch in the East Indies have succeeded. The 'culture sys tem established by General Johannes Graaf Van der Bosch In 1832 was one of the supreme, crimes against humanity The idea of the system Is that the na fives shall be forced to labor on planta tions for the government and for. Dutch employers at the wage of about a cent a day. . This wage gives them a bare subsistence, and all the profit of their labor goes to Holland. The culture and sale or coffee, the principal crop, is a government monopoly. , This system has resulted In periodical famines, due di rectly to the fact that the natives have been unable to cultivate their own pro vision grounds because they were forced to labor on the government plantations. In one famine alone, over 300.000 natives perished of starvation. "Compare such a system with, out be neflcent rule In Porto Rico and the Phil ippincs, and you must admit that we have done- better In four or five years than people who were In the colonizing business long before the Mayflower dropped anchor oft Plymouth Rock." A Tidal Wave gf Ameri can Prestige N1 ET to the creation or the new Navy and the success of the United States as a colonial power, there comes among the things of permanent and world-wide import, the new spirit intro duced into diplomacy by our StateDe- partment and Its representatives abroad It is usual to give all the credit to the department, but this is unfair. S- R. Gummere, the Consul-General at Tan gier, for example, was the real author of the famous "Perdlcarls alive or Raisull dead" cablegram. He cabled to the State Department, Insisting that a message in practically those terms must be sent at once. It is well known, also, that the department has been guided In almost all the details of Its vitally Im portant Venezuelan policy by the advice of a man on the spot, Herbert W. Bowen. Strenuous measures have been adopted since the last inauguration to compel re spect for American citizens and American Interests In Turkey. Morocco, Hayti, Santo Domingo, Colombia and other countries possessing Incomplete clvillza tlons. The result Is that even savage monarchs and Latin-American dictators have come to understand that, whatever else they meddle with, they must not meddle with tho Stars and Stripes. "The United States Is now regarded In the remotest parts of the world as among the great nations of the earth. wrote 'the Hon. John Barrett, United States Minister to Panama, in a recent article. "Our Ministers and Consuls stand in the front rank of foreign rep resentatives, and our merchants, mission aries and travelers find themselves whether In the heart of Asia, Africa, or South America, accorded every protection, Interest and 'facility that Is given to the most favored nation. A tidal wave of American prestige has swept over the seas, and back in the Interior ot strange lands everywhere our flag stands for that which Is best among all peoples." The numerous victories ot the United States' Far Eastern diplomacy were In augurated as far back as September, 1S99, when John Hay nrat aavancca nis -open door" policy In Tegard to China. All the covernments concerned those which had shown a desire to grab portions ot China eavA satisfactory assurances in favor of that policy within less than three months: but then came the Boxer out break in the early part of, 1900. The "open- door" policy, so vital to American trade in the Orient, seemed doomed wnen rneo dore Roosevelt took the oath as Vice- President. Tet it has not only been suc cessfully maintained, but the firm stand made by the United States Government materially reduced the exorbitant Indem nities demanded by the other powers whose troops marched to Pekin. Since the Boxer rising China has had good cauec to recognize the United States as her best friend among the nations. The commercial treaty between the two coun tries, which was signed at Shanghai in 1903, was the reward of honest, straight forward diplomacy. That treaty clinches the "open-door" policy and further opens up China to foreign trade. Among other treaties of Importance ef fected during the past four years are the Hay-Pauncefote treaty, which abrogated the Clayton-Bulwer treaty and gave the United States a free hand to. construct the Isthmian Canal alone: the Alaskan i boundary treaty, which settled a long- standing dispute very mucn to tne satis faction of Americans and the disgust of Canadians; the Pious Fund arbitration treaty, one of many Instruments by which the State Department and the Senate have emphasized America's candid desire for arbitration In the settlement ot interna tlonal disputes; the commercial treaty with Cuba, adding generosity to the Jus tice which made Cuba an Independent re public; the treaty with Menellk, effected by Consul-General Skinner's picturesque mission which opened up a new country to American traac; ana cxiraaiuon trea ties with Belgium. Denmark. Guatemala. Servia and Mexico. The treaty with Mexi co is noteworthy because it is designed tn- caXch "hoodlArx." by maklnc briha- giving and bribetaking extraditable of fenses. Towards the end of 1904 arbitration trea ties were effected with France, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal and Great Britain, while Italy, Mexico and other powers sig nified their willingness to negotiate liko treaties. In October, 1904, President Roosevelt put the coping stone on America's cru sade for pcaco by inviting the powers represented at Tho Hague Conference of 1899 to hold another conference and con tinue the work then accomplished. All the powers save Russia agreed to the proposal. Russia replied cordially, but suggested that the, conference should be postponed until after the conclusion of the war with Japan. It is expected, how ever . that the Czar's Government will be brbught into line and the conference held during the present year. If so. It will crown an unexampled series of American diplomatic successes which have been scored almost week by week during tho past four years. Growth sf Material Wealth HE Internal commerce of the Unit ed States was In 1900 twenty bill ions of dollars," said O. P. Austin. Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, in a recent speech at Rochester, N. Y. "With this definite basis in 1900. and knowing what rapid development has occurred since that time, we may safely put the internal commerce of the year 1903 at over twenty billions of dollars a sum which actually equaled the entire international com merce of the world in that year. "This ought to be a source of pride and satisfaction Indeed to the producers, man ufacturers, traders, bankers and trans porters of America. Think of it! The market of our own country, in which we can transport our goods from the door of the factory to the door of the consumer, is equal to the entire international com merce of the world." While the public debt per capita has decreased from $14.52 in 1500 to 511.S1 in 1904, the total money In circulation per capita has. Increased from $26.94 to $30.80. Ban!; deposits have Increased in four years nearly two and a halt billions; the value of farm animals has risen $770,000,000; the Imports of merchandise "by $140,000,000; the receipts of the Postoffice Department by over $40,000,000. And so It Is in whatever branch of National activity you may choose to turn to. There has been an amazing advance all along the line. The estimated increase of population in the four years is over 5,000,000, of whom over 1,800.000 were immigrants. This is 600.000 more than in the preceding four years; it is more than in any other four years in the country's history, even the great rush of 1SSO-84 and this' tlespitc our stringent Immigration laws, which did not apply then. The irrigation policy advocated in Presi dent Roosevelt's first message to Congrees has been vigorously pursued under the National reclamation law, passed in June, 1902. About 33.000.000 acres have been set aside to be reclaimed. There are no fewer than 67 distinct irrigation projects In 14 states and territories, and about a dozen of them are being actively carried out at present. The number of irrigated farms Is now over 200,000, an increase of 85.000 over 1900. Imagine what this must mean in the development of the country's wealth! Yet It is only the beginning of a much vaster scheme. "The great irrigation works of India and Egypt will be dwarfed in. a few years by those of the United States, said an engineer of great expe rience in this particular line of work to the writer the other day. Another test of prosperity Is afforded by the Government sales of public lands. They have brought In nearly $30,000,000 to the Treasury since 1900; in the four pre vious years they only brought In about $9,000,000. We Development if Transportation yTHERE has been a remarkable de 1 velopment in transportation since the inauguration In 1900, and that develop ment has been most marked In the United States," said Vice-President J. D. Layng, of the "Big Four." "A general cutting of schedule time between the big cities has taken place. The most notable instance. perhaps, is the 'Twentieth Century Lim ited," which has cut the time between Mew York and Chicago from 21 down to 20 hours. During the "World's Fair special trains were run which covered the dis tance in an even shorter time, but that was not a permanent reduction. "The power of locomotives has been con siderably increased during the past three or four years by a multiplicity of inven tions of greater or less Importance, and freight engines are now hauling a larger number of cars and a bigger weight than they ever did before. The luxuries of travel for the passenger have also been added to, and are being more added to month by month. As a writer truly said the other day, "Nowhere In the world has the science of transportation been devel oped to such an extent as In the United States. Freight Is today carried at less cost in this country than In any other." "The total mileage of railroads in the United States In 1003. according to the re port of the Interstate Commerce Com mission, was 307,977, an increase of 14,632 miles on 1900. That shows you how rapid ly our railroads aro being extended, and the same rate of increase has been kept up since 1903. The total assets of the surface .steam railroads In the United States are now valued at nearly 515,000, 000.000. Their net earnings last year ex ceeded those in 1900 by nearly W0.000.000. They carried nearly 700,000.000 passengers and moved over 1.300.000.000 tons of freight. Railroading is becoming a vaster business every year. "There have been no iron rails laid down, I suppose, for 0 years; but there are still nearly 15,000 miles of them In the country, largely In sidings. They are being rapidly replaced by steel rails, and much has been done in this direction since 1900. "Tho past four years have also wit nessed an. extension of the application of electricity to the purposes of transporta tion. The horse car has become almost a negligible factor, being replaced all over the country by the electric trolley car. This change, however, was effected in the main before 1900. Electricity has also been adopted for city lines, euch as" the elevated road and the subway In New York City, and before long It will be ap plied to suburban traffic on other rail roads." The highest speed made for a consid erable distance by a railway passenger train since 1900 was the remarkable rec ord of over 9S miles an hour of the Bur lington Route between Eckley and Wray, In March. 1902. The best time previously recorded was the SO miles an hour of the Lehigh Valley's "Black Diamond Ex press," made in April, 1S97. In 1901 a Plant System train ran at the rate of 120 miles an hour for Ave miles, beating the best previous record by eight miles an hour. A paragraph which appeared In the newspapers early In January was signifi cant of the wonderful development of American railroads. It stated that Presi dent Cassatt. of the Pennsylvania, had contracted with the Baldwin Locomotive "Works for 325 locomotives at $17,000 o.nlao total of tho nrrinr. SS.H25.0GO. JUI Unprecedented Chair Values Almost Like Giving Them Away We have between 25 and 30 odd parlor chairs, divans and settees which we find take up needed room for new Spring goods. We've decided to sell them real quickly so we've put a moving price on them. These pieces of furniture range from $15.00 to $25.00. No prettier articles manufactured for the money. Every chair, divan or settee is of a beautifully finished wood with harmonizing upholstery. Your Choice of Any Article Until They Are Gone Sio.oo Such Generous Gcvurtx itella the famouft Kcllpue Raajcc 51.00 doTVH and $1.00 a Treek. 173-175 the locomotives are to be delivered by the end ot June, at the rate ot 50 a month. It is an enormous order, but It is merely an incident in the great affairs of the Pennsylvania, and hardly noticeable in the gigantic business of American rail roading. The development of telegraphs and tele phones since 1$00 has been proportionately greater than that of the railroads. The mileage ot wires has increased by the hundreds of thousands, and the messages forwarded by the millions. Progress in Science and Invention THE wonderful progress of science and invention in America, as well as In other countries, since 1900, might well form the subject of a whole book or many books, Instead of a few brief para graphs, it is only possible to Indicate some among many notable discoveries and inventions, to which the writer's atten tion was called by Professor Bompas, head of the American iluseum of Natural History, and Professor Pierre de P. Ricketts, the famous mineralogist. Scientists and inventors all the world over have received great encouragement through the foundation of the Carnegie Institution at Washington. Here Is the "special endowment for research" which they have clamored for during the past two generations. Although the greatest chemical discov eries within the period under review, such as radium and helium, have not been made in the United States, many prob lems connected with them have been studied and solved by Americans. In as- tronomy, however, America has come to the forefront within the past two or three years. New stars, comets and asteroids are being discovered so frequently by American astronomers that they are hardly deemed worthy of a newspaper paragraph Last year Professor W. H. Pickering, director of the Harvard Observatory at j Areaulna. Peru, observed a new satellite of Saturn which he declared to be the largest body, excluding comets, discov ered in the solar system since 1S31. It Is so faint that It can only be seen by one telescope In the world the Yerkes, at Arequlpa. The application of photography to as tronomy is an American idea which has been greatly developed since 1900. and has given many remarkable results, especially In the making of a complete atlas of the visible half of the moon. The science of geology has profited greatly by the United States surveys of Alaska. Idaho. Arizona, Ohio and other regions. There has also been great eco nomic value in these surveys, which have made known the existence of -vast beds of minerals that must In a. short time But the distinctively American science -the science to which Americans are making the greatest (ntrlbutIons-ls anthropology. The careful and minute work done during the past three or four Tea5myJ TnH,nn HiSf expeditions among : the Indian tribes of the United States .Mexico .and Canada has SroTrts" SSrtBw2?rT& strange remains found among the Zuni Indians in 1902, the Investigations of Carl Lumholtz amo'ng the utterly unknown Hulchol and Cora Indians of Mexico, and the expeditions to the Thompson River. Maldu and Arapahoe Indians havev been , particularly Interesting. Dr. Laufer, who has just returned from China, after spending years In unexplored regions there, has added much to the world's ' knowledge of Chinese life In the far In- terlor. The president of the British ' Anthropological Institute recently con- ' treated the remarkable encouragement ; given to anthropology In the United States with the comparative neglect of the science In England. Only Germany can vie with America In this branch of learning nowadays. In the realm of Invention, the most not able advances since 1900 have been the beginning of the substitution of the steam turbine for the ordinary reciprocating en gine, the application of electricity to rail way systems, the improvements in air ships demonstrated at the recent tourna ment at St. Louis, and the numerous de velopments In mining machinery and the treatment of ores, which have made it possible profitably to work mines that were valueless only three or four years ago. Stagnant in Literature and Art ; U DO NOT think that the United States I has advanced in llteraturo during the past Presidential term to anything like the extent It has advanced In other things,' said one of the heads of one of the biggest publishing houses In the coun try. "I cannot recall any "notable Amerl- Offers as These Are indeed Rare I. Gevurtz & Sons First St. 219-227 Yamhill St. can books published during that period which are likely to be permanent addi tions to the world's literature. "There has been a decided Increase In the number of books published from 6356 in 1S00 to 7836 in 1903. the latest available figures. "Whether that Is a good sign I cannot eay. People think there Is no end to the making of books In this country, but in numbers we are far behind Ger many, Russia, Japan, France, Italy and Great Britain. Our books. Indeed, are hardly more numerous than those of Brit ish India, and Japan publishes more than three times, as many as we do. Larger editions a're published In the United States, however, than in any other coun try; but the big sellera are not the books which make . Inordinate demands on the intellect. "On the other hand, there has certainly been a distinct improvement in the class of fiction put out during the past four years. It has become more virile, and there has been a fast-growing demand for novels dealing with great public ques tionsthe negro problem, municipal cor ruption, "graft" In the government, 'fren zied finance," etc. The old 'problem nov els" dealing with the sex question have gone out. of favor, and so have tho sword and cloak romances which were so popu lar a few years ago. A historical novel has to be a very good one to sell nowa days; five or six years ago anything of that kind went. "Tho principal feature of the publishing business since 1900 has been the increase of the cheap magazines In popularity.. Exact figures as to their circulation can not be obtained, but It is safe to say that, taken all round, it has more than doubled In four years. This does not seem to hurt the book trade. Americans aro spending a great deal more on their reading now than they ever did before, in splto of the Carnegie libraries." The value of the art treasures in the United States has increased by tens of millions of dollars since 1900, but It is im possible. In the very nature of the case. to set definite values upon them. Many or tne leading connoisseurs or Europe have begun to clamor for passing of laws tneir countries similar to tnat or Italy, ' tn nrpvpnt Ameriran mflllnnnlrpo frnm buying rare objects of art and taking them across the Atlantic. "WILLIAM, THORP. "BUSTING" BUFFALO. Two Bulls Being Trained for Driving Purposes. Guthrie (Mo.) Capital. Ranch "101" has a small herd of buf faloes, purchased at the Goodnight ranch In the Texas Panhandle. Mr. Miller, one of the managers of the ranch, decided fto break two young buffalo bulls for driving purposes, believing that a ride behind . vbItInff edlt0r3. Miller ,)egan nIs 0bSffaio . ..Kl, ft f , a ,.- j , Qn u ranh joned , T nart rn' 9StMM their pon!e3 and started in pursuit ot two oun bulls that' were grazing in a near-by , re. Both bulls were wild. nnd gal. , Q d ful, d h CQW ! boys appeared, swinging their lariats. Danderine GREW EVERY BIT OF IT. And we can PROVE IT. ana unsolicited. stopped lalltnz oat. I am now on my Tliii i rirnnf nncitivi ttiof fourth botUftandray halratttie pres- . 13 Proo.r positive tnat ent tlm8 j, OTer nTB inCa.9 ioaz DAIvDERINE is the greatest kIojst and curly, wnera It was dead hairandsralpinvicoratingretnedy SSSSmSdSk which I . , ,., the VTOrld has ever known. creetly annoyed I cannot speafc i mm Kc W You can go toyonr druggist and get a mg y0a unlimited roccesa.1 remain, t M M 1 1 1 w bottle for 25cwhich will be enough to jours very "ePecy'McADAJIS i sausiy yon tnat it win produce nair, ana no it quicxiy, or t j semi ADVERTISEMENT to uswith ten cents in stamps orsilver to paypostage, and we will send you a large sampleby return mail. The samples we give are large enough to produce beneficial results, in of hair falling andstart the hair to growing atrain. NOW on sale atall druggists, three sizes, 25c, 50c, 91 .00 per bottle. XNtiWLTOIT BAITDERTNE CO., Chicago. FOR SALE XSZU GUARANTEED BY, o All ntnnriard mukcM of WATCHES 95.00 down and $t.00 a ncek. Over and among the" low sand hills of the Salt Fork of the Arkansas they raced the buffaloes turning and dodging to escape their pursuers. The day was cold but the high speed of the cow ponies told on the buffaloes and .their black tongues protruded further and further from their mouths. One of the hulls was roped around his neck. Being stronger than a steer, he dragged the pony with him. though the pony furrowed the sand with his feet. Then with eyes flaming like two coals and his tail erect, he gave a bellow and charged the pony, which cleverly dodged the onslaught. Another cowboy threw a lariat over the buffalo's horns and the horsemen were safe, as they could hold the buffalo between them, "When the buffalo was drawn up in front of the cook "shack" there were shouts for "Dutch." the cook, to ride him. The buffalo stood pawing the earth and shaking his mane. "Dutch" could not bear the gibes of the cowboys who swore that he wa3 afraid to tackle the buffalo bareback. "Dutch" shed his long apron and crouched for a spring upon the buffalo's shaggy back. His first ap proach brought a surprising demonstra tion ot the kicking ability of a buffalo, which launched one of Its hind feet, seem ingly a good 10 feet and narrowly missed the rubicund face of the cook, who retreated and began fiddling for a safe opening. The longer ho heal tated the less sanguine he became, and finally stood Jumping- up and down In his uncertainty, while the cowboys shouted in derision. "White Buffalo, a Sioux Indian, tho best and pluckiest horseman on the ranch, pushed "Dutch" aside, sprangr upon the buffalo, waved his hat and dismounted almost before the buffalo knew what had happened. This re stored the cook's confidence, and a mo ment later, with both hands deep in the buffalo's mane, he was careerinjf across the prairie, with the frightened buffalo running at full speed. "Dutch" could not be shaken from his seat, to the grief of the cowboys, who had hoped that he would be thrown. Stealing Houses Entire. London Chronicle. "I am. told that If a man steals a whote house it is no offense, but if he steals a part it is." So said the Middlesex Ses sions Judge in sentencing George Henry Richards to five years" penal servitude. A middle-aged builder. Richards, occu pied a house at Tottenham without pay ing any rent until an ejectment ordp was obtained, when he bolted with tUA copper, three stoves, a 'mantel-board and other movable fittings. Despite the Judge's dictum, a detectlvq put In proofs that Richards In 1901 was ordered three years" penal servitude for the remarkable offense of "stealing two houses." v It appeared that a gentleman In that year bought two houses at Hadley. He then went away for a time. "When he re turned he found that one house had been completely demolished, and that a gang of workmen In the employ of Richards was busily demolishing the other. The Impudent Richards had also demolished 150 feet of wall belonging to the local authority. FRED M'AOAMS. Milton Junction. Wis.. Jan. 2?. 130 1. Knowlton Danderine Co. dzjls sms: soma, years ago ray hnlrifimmnnrpi-i tncomnont and la a short timn I crot bo bald that I was ct- l . , .. obliged to -near awic; my drntrslrt if this photograph, andtestuno- here advised me to usa Danderine. I mal are not absolutely genuine aRnSw? many cases being enoueh. to stop bad cases WOODAED. CLABXE & COMPANY. ft