The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current, January 07, 1900, Image 23

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The Sunday Oregonian., January 07, 1900, Page 23, Image 23

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Newspaper Page TextTHE SUNDAY ' OJREGONIAN, PORTLAIJB, JAHTTABY.J, 3,900.. 23 ASTRONOMY AND BY AN EMBRYO The science of astronomy Is necessarily - i .na rtifflfTilt-ir nnil maunl- u. ctieni-e ui ,-. w .-, tude for its comprehension has perplexed the minds of men, even of the rarest gen ius. Proctor and other astronomical writers have made successful efforts to explain the problems of astronomy; so that now. In this age of progress, an ordinary mind can read certain works on this interest ing subject and learn something about the "celestial bodies, their magnitude, mo tions, distances, periods of revolution, eclipses, order, and of the causes of the various phenomena." Astronomy is the most ancient of all the sciences. Some of the observations made by the Chaldeana, date as far back as 2250 years B. C, or only 98 years after the flood. It has been said that the Chi nese made observations U00 years B. C, and a conjunction of Mars, Jupiter, Sat urn and Mercury is mentioned In Chinese records as occurring 2449 years B. C. The first astronomers were shepherds and herdsmen; lor they would naturally observe the movements of sun, moon and 6tars, whilst watching their flocks through the night and day. , The first regular teacher of astronomy was Thales, one of the seven wise men of Greece, who taught B. C. 600 years; Anaxamander, a disciple of Thaies, was his successor in the school at Miletus B. C. 54S. Anaxamander had some Idea of the daily revolution of the earth, and Is said to be the first man to construct a map and a globe. Some of the thoughts advanced by an cient astronomers were good; while others were sublimely ridiculous. For example, Pythagoras, a Greek philosopher, greatly enlarged tbe science. He taught that the eun was the center of the planetary or bits; that the earth floated unsupported In space, and that the distant stars were worlds and probably inhabited. In fact, he taught the system which immortalizes the name of Copernious, But Ptolemy, xm Egyptian philosopher, said that the earth was located in the center of the universe and was at rest; that the sun, moon ana stars revolved aroundt, from east to west, as they appear to do, every 24 hours. Ptolemaic theory was generally believed for something over 13 centuries. About the year 1510, Copernicus, a Prus sian astronomer, revived and improved the theory of Pythagoras. Copernicus maintained that the earth was a sphere or a globe, and inhabited on all sides. He also taught that the apparent westward revolution of sun, moon and stars was caused by the revolution of the earth on its own axis, from west to east, every 24 hours; and last, but not least, he taught that the eun was the grand center, around which the planets, Including our tsarth, revolve. "We can safely say, therefore, that the Copemican theory, as simplified by the great German astronomer, Kepler, is the true one; for by it eclipses of the sun and moon ore calculated and astronomers ere able to predict their commencement, duration, etc, to a minute, even hun lreds of years before they occur. In the year 1633, a ludicrous incident oc curred in which Galileo figured rather prominently. He was an ardent believer in the movement of the earth. But on June 28, 1633, he was compelled to make the following renunciation: "I, Galileo, in the 70th year of my age, on bended kneea before your eminences, having before my eyes and touching with my hands the Holy Gospels, I curse and detest the error of the earth's movement." As he left the court he is said to have stamped upon the earth, and exclaimed.: "It does move, after all." The solar system is composed of the sun, planets, moons, comets and meteors. .Five planets, besides the earth, can be readily seen by the naked eye, and were a' so known to the ancients. These are Mer cury, "Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. These, together with the sun and moon, made up the seven planets of the ancients and from which the seven days of the "week were named. A sun is a luminous body, consequent ly, emits Its own light laterally speak ing, all stars are suns, or vice versa. A planet is an opaque body, or one that Is not self-luminous, and derives its light :rom a sun. But It has become custom ary to speak of Jupiter, "Venus and all other principal planets as stars, when, in reality, they are not One way to tell whether a body is a star of a planet Is that all stars (or suns) twinkle, whilst planets do not, because their light is only reflected. The sun Is the center of what Is termed the solar system the father, as it were, of a great family of planets and planetoids which have been revolving around him tor centuries. But perhaps it is better to think of him as a huge magnet, toward which all the planets, planetoids and comets are attracted. His diameter is es timated to be S50.000 miles and circumfer ence 2,500,000 miles. The mass of the sun is over 750 times that of all the planets and moons In the solar system. The sun turns once on its axis every 25 days, and is journeying through space, ac cording to Professor Simon Newcomb's calculation, toward a star called Vega, in the constellation of Lyra. He esti mates that the solar system is being car ried in a northerly direction at the rate of a little over 10 miles per second. Several theories have been advanced as to what constitutes the sun. The first at tempt to solve this mystery was made by Alexander Wilson In 1774. IDs theory Tvag that the sun "is a dark, spherical globe, and surrounded at different distances by three entirely distinct atmospheres or gaseous envelopes; the first one is opaque, therefore possesses no light In It self; the second Is a perpetually burning gas, consequently is self-luminous; the third is transparent in appearance, and in combination with the first is a means of reflecting the light received from the sec ond, while other astronomers claimed the sun to be a globe of fire. It is now generally believed that the eun Is mainly a ball of gas or vapor, pow erfully condensed at the center, and that its brilliancy may be ascribed to Incan descent particles of carbon. Shall we not then think of the sun as an immense arc light, or, perhaps more properly speak ing, a carbon light? And how magnificent he appears! He seems to place a crown of glory on our queenly earth at his every rising and setting. What a bleak and un inhabitable planet would our earth be were we deprived of the life-giving shafts of light, now dispensed with such a lavish hand by old "King Sol"! Man, animals aul all plant life would cease to exist The principal planets o-ver which the sun exerts Its mighty influence, are eight in number, and may be divided into two distinct groups; the first and nearest to the sun are composed of four planets and of email dimensions when compared with, the other four; their names are as fol lows, and in the order of their distances from the sun: Mereury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The other four also named In the order of their distances are: .Jupi ter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune the smallest one of these, last four is so prodigious in 6lze that were the first four welded into one, that one would not be equal to It Between these two groups there comes a third, composed of a considerable num ber of smaller bodies called planetoids. Our solar system Is not yet complete, because some of the planets are attended by e liar bodies, called satellites, and whic- are grouped around them just as our earth and other planets are grouped about the sun. The earth has one, the moon; Jupiter has a train of four; Sat urn, of eight; Uranus, eight, and Nep tune probably two. The movements of all these planets are controlled by an immutable law. This Jaw was discovered by the German as tronomer, Kepler, after 33 years of patient OUR - SOLAR .SYSTEM ASTRONOMER. , observation and Inquiry; but It remained for Sir Isaac Newton to define' this law. for Sir Isaac Newton to define this law, viz., the law of universal attraction or gravitation. We will now describe briefly each plan et of this wonderful system in their or der from the sun. First comes Mercury, which is about 30,000,000 of miles from "Old Sol"; its diameter Is about 3000 miles. Being so much nearer the sun than the earth, the attraction is stronger; Mercury, therefore, makes the revolution of the sun sooner than does our earth, or in 88 days, which is the length of Mercury's year. His day is about the same length as ours. It has been ascertained by observations of Mercury during Its "transit," or when It crosses the sun's face,, that It has an atmosphere; one will then naturally sup pose that it is inhabited. This planet is seldom seen with the naked eye, owing to Its nearness to the sun. Venus Is next in order. As seen from the earth, she is the most beautiful and brilliant of all the planets. She Is about SIZE OF THE SCW COMPARE! WIT the same size as our earth; for this rea son they are sometimes called "twins." Its distance from the sun is about 60,000, 000 of miles. Its day is about half an hour shorter than ours, and her year is nearly 225 days. Both Mercury and Venus show phases like1 the moon. The "transits" of Venus are few and far between. Two "transits" come within eight years of each other, and then fol lows an interval of over 100 years before another occurs; the dates of the most re cent being 1874 and 1882. These "transits" were, at one time, Important matters; for by them was calculated the sun's dis tance from the earth; other means are now employed to make this calculation. After Venus Is our earth. Its diameter is S000 miles; circumference, 25,000 miles, and is distant from the sun about 91,000.000 miles. Its diameter Is 100 times smaller than the sun's, and it would take mote than 1,200,000 little earths like ours, rolled Into one huge ball, to make a body equal in size to the sun. The earth has three distinct move ments. First it makes the 24-hour revo lution upon Its axis, which we term one day. Second, it revolves around the sun once in 365Vi days; this we call one year. Third, it iollows the sun In his wonderful journey through space. (To be concluded next Sunday.) NO GENERAL EXPOSITION. But Exhibitions From Year to Year of Special Lines of Industry. PORTLAND, Jan. 5. (To the Editor.) The Portland exposition has for the last few -years failed in its original object of being an industrial representation of the Pacific Northwest This is wrong, because Samples of Ragtime rt . ijoiseau .que - auael che m KAG .TlME SlfeS23s H-M -i m Ragtime has been given Its rating by Freder ick "W. Root, musical authority. He saja it bears the une relation to the great things of the musical world that, ilother, Goose.'s melo dies do to the masterpieces of the world's liter ature. "While criticising this lowly but extremely popular sort of music, Mr. Root sajs it came from the great maestros of the earth. "Wagner lapsed into it much after the manner of "statesmen- who sometimes get tired and drop into versification. Mozart also had moments of fatigue or exuberance, when he dashed off a few notes In the measure of the cakewalk mel ody. Some of the great litterateurs have written along the mental altitude of Mother Goose, saya Mr. Root, and so have Bach and Bee thoven yielded to the Impulse to put their lofty thoughts Into sharps and flats that 'would be appreciated In Halstea street. "I would not do away with ragtime music," said Mr. Root. "If some one should ask me if I would blot out Mother Goose's rhymes I would say unhesitatingly I would not do it. Mother Goose is a good thing in Its way. So Is ragtime. "To make the matter plain, ragtime is syn copation. All of the great masters have em plojed syncopated notes. That Is all right, or the masters would not have done It. But they did not write all of their works In syncopation. That shows that syncopation is good for awhile, but we do not want too much of It. "Now, Mother Goose's literature is a good thing, but suppose you had nothing else to read you would get tired of it after awhile." "What would jou suggest be done about it?" be was aeked. "Let It alone. The people who like It may leam after awhile to lute something else bet ter." 1 Jill f&jcUpsrttS 4vg&i '.Sa&tiS " BM A - . fl TFfr-fr-jH- yp , y, Y J V, Y V T Y.I- V iT&Zr-- -iA vu A rJ llXf I ' ' "t f- 4 1, 62 J B s 1- J it misrepresents our people, our resources, our growing industry. Something must be done to do better in the future. We must awake from this inaction. An In dusrlal exposition, to be of any value, must be instructive, representative and attrac tive. A representative exposition of all our actual products and resources, of all our manufactures and Industries, at one and the same time, would require the co-operation of every producer, and manufacturer In this section. It would require a larger space than we have at our disposition. ;it would take a large amount of money, more than the income and practical gain therefrom would justify. A grand display of this kind could not be repeated from year to year, because It is a too heavy annual expense to the exhibitor, and, as experience has shown, it becomes monot onous and tiresome to the visitor. How ever, an exposition each year in Portland, Or., of a special feature of our resources, products, manufactures or industries, could be made not only paying, but bene ficial to the country and advantageous to the exhibitor. Let us have one year a well-planned and well-executed exhibition of the "lumber industry" of the Pacific Northwest, which will show this branch in Its most advanced form; which will be an exponent of our great natural resources In this line; which will be a living guide to show the capl- H THAT OF THE LARGER PIANETS. tallst where to invest his money; which will show the Eastern and Southern lumber-dealer where to buy profitably and advantageously, and such a display will have lasting benefits to this and "our neighboring states. In another year let us make a show of our "fishing interests," and still In another year or "mining dis tricts," and so one. Perhaps some time in the near future an exposition in this city of the resources and products of our new Pacific colonial possessions Is not an im possibility. Such expositions, if properly managed and properly arranged, will make the pro ducers and manufacturers anxlbus to show their wares In the most creditable way, be cause it will only tax them once within a long time. They will see quickly the benefit coming from such an exposition, be cause, if undertaken: in the right spirit and well advertised, It will attract the tradesman In that line and the capitalist from all over the United States. Such an exposition will be a profit beyond calcu lation to the whole Pacific Northwest It will Incite the producers and manufaqtur ers of other branches to a similar exposi tion of their line In another year. It does not matter in which order the exhibits are made, whether lumber or fishing or mining or any other Industry in the first year. I only desire that the Chamber of Commerce, the board of trade and other organizations take this matter under consideration and then act together in harmony toward one object; the ad vancement, progress and upbuilding of this Pacific Northwest. CITIZEN. o Perversity Besets Happiness. Junction City Bulletin. Some people refuse to be happy unless they can both believe and assert that 99 years complete a century. Music Found in the Works . . ta eroyais sui prendre Battit credevi in hta ma - no. Di&rhiuse Vn - Up spti Gftihe- bfrdtiiU ire would en .-C snare,- Enfolds hei; wiugsjiiuS ilies a ,J fm 3ot:t: j-i -i- fa-!- iK-ajiS. .("OKDElUinmED "IN BAG TTBEB) Jllegretto. (J?44.t, -f r-J-.Il2 I j -q-: 1 t!-ts : a- -g-y -VI ! " 9 !, ' '"w. V " A a. (OVERTITEE OX) " HOST JTCH'YMOZASO?. A' SYNCOPATIOJTOV 23T (SIXTH TWO-VOICED INVENTION ,rWhat critical objection lies against ragtime music?" "It Js a repetition of the eame thing, that's all. There Is nothing else in the world the matter with it. As I said, if it were not a good thing the masters would not have used It." Among tbe many oddities of ragtime "an ex ample of Its effect may be seen in the setting of "Old Hundred" to that measure. "There is no such hlng as good muslo or bad music," said Professor Emll Llebllng. "Tou may eet good muaic to bad or vicious wordings WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN IFVBBITISH HAD MET FIRST-CIiASS POWER. INSTEAD OF BOERS. Inefficiency of London and Lino OfQ. cers Need of Thorough Reorgan ization Pointed Oat. Among the very serious reflections ,to which the reverses sustained by the Eng lish troops in South Africa give rise is the question as to the showing which these same forces would have made if the enemy they have been facing had beer the highly trained and up-to-date army of some great military power of Continental Europe, such as Germany, RussiaAustria or France, Instead of irregular levies of farmers who have been commandered straight from the plow, and whose life has been spent until now in agricultural pur suits, says "Attache" la the Pittsburg Dispatch. The foes by which England la confronted in South Africa are not pro fessional soldiers, and yet so far they may be said to have beaten Great Britain's prp fessional soldiers at the latter s own game, a circumstance which cannot but add to the bitterness and humiliation of the Eng lish defeat. The British have been until now. out-generaled and out-maneuvered by these pastoral Boers. The moraL effect of these crushing reverses by the. flower of the British army at the opening of the campaign is likely to prove of a lasting character, showing as it does, both to the English people themselves and to foreign nations, the military inefficiency of the English army. England's navy has kept abreast of the times, thanks to which Great Britain en joys today universally acknowledged su premacy In naval matters. But the army is miserahly behindhand, despite the fact that ifs annual military budget Is almost as large as that of the German empire. Somo two years ago the Mllitaerisches Wochenblatt, official organ of the'Bertln war department wrote as follows: "Despite all Ub bravery, the British army Is showing once more on the Indian fron tier that it is as unfit for any serious war as ever. If Russia were to make use of her opportunities, England, powerless as sho Is irom a military point of view, would be forced to leave the gates of In dia in Russia's hands, and to thank her stars if she does not lose India alto gether." Incompetency of Superior Officers. This sweeping condemnation of Eng land's army was called forth by the la mentable fiasco of the British military op erations against the insurgent tribesmen on the northwestern frontier of India. The fiasco was due to no lack of courage on the part of either officers or men, and If 'the rank and file gave any Indication of laok of discipline, and of Insubordina tion, it was only by refusing to obey when commanded to retreat. The fault was entirely and admittedly with the gross incompetence of the superior officers, who manifested a degree of military inefficiency and an ignorance of the science of warr f are that is almost Inconceivable. Each one of the reverses sustained dur ing the present, war with the Transvaal have been due t'othe neglect of the most elementary rules 'and laws of the art of war. The defeats of Generals Bullerr Gat acre and Lord Methuen have In every case resulted from neglect to discover the enemy's position by means of skirmishers before attacking in force. In thus allow ing themselyes to4be arobushod for It Is difficult' to describe as anything else the reverses which they have sustatned the English commanders show clearly that, aside from their failure to observe the elementary law requiring the deployment of skirmishers to unmask the enemy's position and concealed defenses before at tacking, they haVe forgotten the1 lessons which they received in the last war with the Boers, nearly 20, years ago. In jtjiat campaign the British troops sustained a number of reverses, and ip each instance they were due, as in the present instance, to a disregard for the safeguard afforded by skirmishers and scouts. Even a single patrol would have made It Impossible for the Boers to surprise and annihilate the Ninety-fourth Infantry at Brunkerssprult, in 1SS1; and Majuba Hill, the most crush ing of all disasters of the former war with the Transvaal, was likewise due to the fact that General Colley was drawn Into an ambuscade which would have been unmasked had there been any adequate reconnolterlng. The English regular cavalry is well cap able of acting as the eyes of any mili tary expedition, and Is held by foreign of Great Composers. &; 13u. de lmle .t seu - vq " e B &fl Q 3" gzzz-Kx: 1 UJ h OF BACH. A SYNCOPATION.) and the music becomes bad by Implication. So with ragtime. It is now lending Itself to low vaudeville, In the main, and because of, that association the music is denounced. "The sonar from 'Carmen,' 'Love Is a "Wild Bird,' is one of the best examples OfTagtime in modern music, in the ' overture, to "Don Juan,' by Mozart, .and in the elxta two-voiced invention of Bach we have good examples of syncopation. "Ragtime simply is having its day. It will be forgotten as a craze in a few years.'' rj,5308 . a. 1 - rTR-f- m v a 1 t-f ,!' r stji v, J v"T Hi experts to be more serviceable than the British infantry. Moreover, in the irregu lar cavalry forces- raided In South Africa, the English commanders possess a lorce of scouts wblch will bear comparison with those who .furnished sucn splendid assist ance to fhe United States cavalry in the military operations In this countryagalttst the Indians. With this reconnolterlrig material ut their disposal, It Is difficult to find any words of excuse for the Hirltlah commanders In permitting themselves to be beaten through sending the troops asrainat Dosltlons that proved untenable. owing to the artillery and rlfleflre,, ofr concealed forces of Boers, whose presence should have been.previously ascertained. Inefficiency In London. But the fault does not lie exclusively with the commanding officers In the field. One and all of them have been frightfully handicapped by the mllltarvand civilian beads of the war department hv London IX. is dlrncuit tffinna woras ot conuemna- uon sumcienuy strong ior inose wo wwo. responsible for the amazing neglect to send out artillery by the first 20 huge trans ports that conveyed troops to South Afri ca, Germany defeated France, In tl?e war of 1870 mainly through the vast superior ity of her ordnance, which Is now univer sally acknowledged to be tbe principal arm In modern war. Yet In spite of this, 20 shiploads of troops were sent out wthout any artillery whatsoever. This might have been pardonable had, there been any guns of the modern type at the Cape or in Tfatal. 'But, although the present war has been regarded In England as Inevit able for more than a. year past, yet there were literally no cannon available tq the English commanders, except the few naval quick-firers, which, thanks to the enter- prise and ingenuity of the navy not of the army had been disembarked, at the Oape and atjDurban and taken up coun try by rail. It is solely owing to lack of artillery, of rthe right kind that General Sir George White has been .hesleged at. Ladysmlth, instead of being able to take the offen sive, and free to- jStrike. Nothing can portray matters more clearly than the let ter, written a month "ago by an officer, which statest ."Our position is strong ms long as we can hold the hills'. But" If the Boers get their artillery nearer they will wipe us out in a few hours without getting within rifle range at all, as we have no guns to speak of ourselves. We have been tele graphing in vain. But the officials at home and at Cape Town do not seem to understand the position." This was sent a day before Ladysmith was shut oft to the outer world by the Boers, and If the place falls, and General White, with his little army of 5000 men, is compelled to surrender. It will be entirely due to the absence of the necessary guns, a fault for which the officials at the war department rather than himself should be blamed. Where Most Blame Belongs But the branch of the war department in London most severely to blame for the British reverses Js undoubtedly the so called military intelligence department Not merely the various cabinet ministers, but the secretary of war, Lord Lans downo, and even the; generalissimo of the British army, Field Marshal Lord Wol seley, have openly admitted in public speeches that they were altogether amazed by the extent of the military re sources of the Transvaal and Orange Free Stater They do not hesitate to admit that until now they have been profoundly ig norant of the military condition of the two South African republics; and, above all, they profess Ignorance as to the mag nificent equipment of artillery which the, Transvaal has shown itself -to possess. "Yet every, guri which the Boers have useffotgainst'the English, has been im ported either througlr""tRe British custom-house at ,the Cape, or else has been landed In De'lagoa bay under the eyes of the British authorities there, and con veyed from thence by rail to Pretoria. need hardly point out that It was the ;d,uty of the Intelligence department, es pecially in view or tne lnevitaoie nature ofjthe conflict with the Transvaal, to keep track of each gun for the Boers, and be posted as to Its caliber and range. It was the duty, too, of the Intelligence department to make Itself acquainted as Id the means possessed by the Boers of handling und fighting these guns. On, this subject the utmost mystery pre "vailsv even to this day, and one of the questions' which military men are asking, not only-JnjEngland, but everywhere else, Is as, to how the Boors contrive to move the heavier pieces of ordnance over the most appallingly difficult country with such remarkable, rapidity, and hew they are able to bring them Into action so readily at different points. Only a pro fessional military man can appreciate the task Involved In the rapid conveyance of 40-pounder guns over a country where roads are the exception and boulder-covered plains and hills the rule. The fact that all these questions should be asked today by the English command ers In the field, and by the war depart ment at home, demonstrates better than anything else the gross Incompetency oj the Intelligence department In London, which Is unable to furnish any satisfac tory answer thereto, or to afford tha slightest information on the subject. No Chart of tbe Country. The Intelligence department has also actually neglected to chart the country which Is now the scene of hostilities, and a portion of which at any rate is British territory. For, if General Gatacre was defeated 10 days ago, it was largely due to the fact that he ha'd no knowledge of the topography of the countey through which he was marching; that he had no maps, and that he wa3 entirely dependent upon the directions of Dlack guides, who proved themselves Incompetent or treach erous, and led his expeditionary force into an ambush. ' It Is only necessary to recall the fact that during the war of 1S70 the Prussian officers, thanks to the precautions of the Intelligence bureaij of the war department at Berlin, were provided with the most elaborate and perfect maps of the enemy's country, showing every road and even by path and lane, whereas the French com manders were repeatedly getting lost even In their own country, owing to the lack of proper maps. Untaught by this expe rience, wo find the British commander suffering from identically the same neg lect 30 years later. If the English have until now under estimated the enemy, they have no one. to 'blame but their appallingly inefficient In telligence department, which was subject to the direction of Sir Henry Bracken bury, one of the most self-sufficient and conceited generals of the English army, "before 'being transferred a 'short time ago to the control of. General Sir John Ar dagh, who Is less responsible for the con- ldltlonsl that prevail In the bureau than 'bis predecessor. .- Reorganisation Necessary . The long and short pt the matter s that It Is riot so much' the men, nor yet the generals, who are at fault, but the system. The entire military organization in Eng land requires to be radically reformed and placed on a level which will enable It to make some pretense of competing with foreign nations. 3 The whole qf the war department will have to be reconstituted, and the heads of the various divisions thereof, notably the Intelligence bureau, kept under keen supervision. Officers of every grade will be forced to make a practical, as well as theoretical, study of military science, and given to understand that their promotion depends upon their keeping abreast with Its Very latest de velopments; while last, 'but not least, something In the shape of compulsory military service will be Introduced. In at least one Instance an amusing con tretemps occurred. A large lot of ammuni tion, some 1200 boxes, went astray at- the. port nd coiild not be found. The port! authorities were sure that they had been, landed, but the Tailway officials could not account for them In any way. At-last, after the lapse of many months, It turned out that by some unaccountable error the whole lot had been reshlpped to Beira, and had got through the Buluwayo, and was comfortably reposing in the mag- nzlnes of the Chartered Company of Brit ish South Africa. The Boers Indignantly' claimed their ammunition. Mr. Rhodes officials said: "Very well, come and fetch It; but, as 'we happen to want some of this partkuilar. btand'ourserves,. you had betted let .us "oay-fpfjLt arttf'sarijo more on tha subject." Thlstfctuallyhappenedr but It was never found out whether the mistake occurred on purpose or by accident.. On the whole, It has been found that tha French ammunition Is more reliable than that made In Germany, and there haa also been less palm oil, less bribery anckcorruption in its purchase, shipment andMeltfelTrrttfe'aseo'f one particu lar lot of German cartridges it was reck oned that the original cost was quad rupled by the time they reached Pretoria, -awing to the number o.f hands through which they passed, ancfc,the number of offi cials who had to be "Insulted" before they ,wero passed, these, car trlbuted amoncr the that they 'were faulty aha dangerous, so that whole transaction was eminently un satisfactory from every point of view. These were Mauser cartridges;. The quantity of ammunition stored In the Transvaal Is absolutely colossal, and would suffice 'for a 10 years' war, even at the present rate of usage. top ' ,AFTER THE GOLE BOOMS. Importance of tbe Reactions in De termining tlic Popnlntion. . "The law that settlers' follow the line of least resistance suffers an exception when men are seeking .gold," says a writer In Alnslee's, who goes on to prove it. "In the natural order of- things, population would have worked. Itself In .a. continuous progression toward the Rocky mountains, crossing them only by compulsion, as the sAHeghenies were crossed and the Missis sippi and the Missouri arivers. But where there is gold In sight, t there Is no law. Humanity goes Into Alaska with the same blind avidity that It went lnt.p California 50 years ago, with the same fatuousness that it swept to Pike's peak in 1&58. Pop ulation forsook all its domiciles. Its pat ronages and' Its prosperity In the Argo naut period, and, as if driven by some monstrous wind, surged over the uneven earth to the Pacific and to the Rockies. The whole world knows how It did so, and the suffering that ensued is as common a story as the fortunes that were won. But the thing that "is not known, the matter of lasting Importance that Is most often overlooked, Is the migratory reaction, the settling back of the big flood to the places in, which, either by necessity or by choice. It must finally rest. Tne character of the great West, tho trans-Missouri, with. Its multiple variations, 'is determined by this phenomenon. "A map and a book of census statistics will tell the story. It Is the story of the oil from the pitcher again. Men and women touched the crest of the continent at Leadvllle, in Colorado, in 1S5S, but fell back onto the plains again, before the '60s were expired. The Mormon emigration filled tho valley of the Jordan In 18-17, but the general tide of people either went to the lower valleys of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, on the Orlenal side of the Sierra Nevadas, or receded on the eastern slope of the Rockies. Successive mining discoveries enticed rushes of pros pectors into Northern Idaho and British Columbia, but the greater mass of the movers went back into tho warmer re gions of California and Oregon. Where the Comstock and tho Consolidated Vir ginia 'silver mines once 'magnetized so many settlers as- to beguile congress Into making a state of Nevad, there is little left now but the evldehde of what has been and the promiseor what may be when the immigration of the We3t begins to move again for less glorious promises than acres of oranges for the mere tilling of the soil, and monster timber for the mere hewing of the logs. The mesas of the two Southwestern territories, Arizona and New Mexico, seem to have absorbed the hosts of traders and adventurers that went into them, as" the sandy soil of their great areas drink in the freshets from the mountains." i o A. Bicycle Arniy Corps. Philadelphia Record. One of the agencies through which tho English war office Is supplied with news and the army in the field with orders. Is a military bicycle corps, recently organized In Cape Town. This Is the first time such a corps has seen active service in the field; although all the standing armies now have such couriers. s ' Candor. La Grande Chronicle. It pays to be frank and' candid about things. This Is the style that sensible, reasonable men admire, whereas they have no use for fulsome flattery. Who would think there was insanity behind a drop of water? But there is. It was a favorite torture in the old days to fasten the victim where water should slowly drip on his forehead. In a little while he was a howl ine maniac. Women do not, as a rule, realize how the steady drains which sometimes amict them must at last re-act on the mind. Sometimes, it is only fretfulness, irritability or pevishness. At other times the condition passes beyond un reasonableness to irrationality. With the relief of the body, from dis ease, Dr. Pierce's Favgrite Prescription gives also a cheerful mind and contented spirit Yben the drains and pains are stopped the mind soars, up like a balloon from which dead weight has been cast out. Mothers who never knew a happy moment when the birth hour confronted them, and younger women doomed each month to a period of mental depression as well as physical suffering, have found a perfect cure by the use of ' Favorite Prescription." It contains no alcohol, neither opium cocaine or other form of -.narcotic. , , "I suffered with female weakness about eight years tried several doctors but derrrtd no benefit untiL I began using Dr. Pierce's FavorA ite Prescription," writes Mrs. John Green, of Danville, 'Boyle Co , Ky. "This medicme was recommended to me by .other patients. I have taken six bottles and I feel like another person." " L took- your medicine six months and feel now like a new person," wntcs Miss Annie Stephens of Belleville, WcodCo.,Vv.Va. "Have no neadache, no backache, no pafu anywhere. I toofc seven Dottles or uoctor Pierce's Favorite Prescription,' and seven bottles at his Golden Medical Discovery." I think there is no medicine like Doctor Pierce's. I can't speak highly enough of ypnr medi cine ior it has done me so much good, 1 don't feel tired as I used to. nor sick. I feel well .and think there Is no medicine equal to Dr, Pierce's Favonte Prescription." Doctor Pierce's PJe&sant;, Eg pellets (are graauatea 10 the sensitive system of women. Every facility for re gaining lost hoalth. Plenty of pleasure for those who seek it. Beautiful drives; mud, Botel'hns every con venience, mm rot. locxtrr OtioE'Nrotr Prop Paso Robles, ai. flu VJl-LJLj 1 1PU 111 S2&KV THE PALATIAL EBOIUUILO v3" - Ifot s dark oClce in tbe bnildlnst absolutely fireproof;, electric lights and artesian water; perfect sanita tion and thorough ..ventilation. Ele vatdf s run1 tiny and nigbfc, Rooms. AERAMS. "SV. R.. Cashier Mutnal Lira 408 ANDERSON. GUSTAV, Attorney-at-Uw...812 ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. L. Powell. Mg: ...SOU BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION, or Des Moines, la.; C A. McCargar. State Agenc.0023 BEHNICE, IL "W., Pila. Ternla Shorthand School ... ..211 BENJAMIN, R. "W, Dentist 5M BINSWANGER, DR. O. S. Phys. &. Sur..ll-4U BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 412-413-tU BUSTEED, RICHARD. Plug Tobacco....602C03 CAUKIK. G. E District Agent Travelers Insurance Co...... ....... ..,........ ....713 CARDWELL, DR. J. B..... 303 CLARK. HAROLD, Dentist 3W CLEM. E. A. & CO., Mining ProperUes...513-8tJ COLUMBIA TELEPHONE! COMPANY 6Q-1-C03-G00 60T-013-014-G13 CORNELIUS. C. "W.. Phys. and Surgeon 200 COVER, F. C Cashier Equitable Life 300 COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGuire. Manager ....... 415-115 DAT. J. G. & I. N . 313 DAVIS, NAPOLEON. President Columbia Telephone Co........ . 607 DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician 713-714 DRAKE. DR. H B., Physician.. .... 012-513-014 EDITORIAL ROOMS. Eighth floor EQUITABLE UF3 ASSURANCE SOCIETY. L. Samuel. Manager; F. C Cover. Cashier. 20a EVENING TELEGRAM 323 Alder street FALLOWS, MRS, M. A.. Manager Womea'a Dept. Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of New York . .....603 TENTON, J. D., Physician and Surgeon..B00-310 FENTON, DR. HICKS C, Eye and Ear 311 FENTON, MATTHEW F.. "Dentist ...COO FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASS'N; E. a Stark, Manager 301 FOREST. MRS. E. R.. Purchasing Agent.. ..717 FRENCH SCHOOL (by conversation); Dr. A. Muzzarelll, Manager .........700 GALVANL "W. H.. Engineer and Draughts man ........... COO GEARY. DR. EDWARD P., Physician and Surgeon ..............212-213 GIESY. A. J.. Physician and Surgeon.... 703-710 GODDARD. E. C. & CO., Footwear, ground floor 120 Sixth street GOLDMAN. WILLLV.M. Manager Manhattan Life Insurance Co . of New York. ......209-210 GRNT FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law G17 GRENIER. MIS3 BEATRICE. Dentist. ....703 HAMMOND. A. B 310 HETDINGER. GEO. A. & CO.. Pianos and Organs . . .. 131 Sixth St. HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phys. & Surg... 304-303 IDLEMAN. C. M Attorney-at-Law... 410-17-13 KADY, MARK T., Manage); EaeJfl Nqko.- weat Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asso.j.604-603 LAMONT, JOHN. Vice-President and Gen eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co... ....COS LITTLEFIELD, H, R., Phys. and Surgeon. ..200 MACRUM. W. S.. Sec Oregon Camera Club.,214 MACKAY, DR. A. E Phys. and Surg.. 711-713 MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg... 701-2-3 McCARGAR. C. A., state Agent Bankers' Life Association .........502-303 McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law. ...... .715 McFADEN. MISS IDA E . Stenographer .201 McGINN. HENRY E., Attornay-at-Law..3H-3U McKELL, T. J., Manufacturers' Representa tive .. ..... ......301 MILLER COLLECTION AGENCY 303 MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and Oral Surgeon .......... .008-000 MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentint 312-313-314 MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of New York; W. Goldman. Manager...... 200-210 McELROY. DR. J. G . Phys. & Surg.701-702-703 McFARLAND. E. B. Secretary Columbia Telephone Co.... ...............COO McGUIRE. S. P., Manager P. V. Collier. Publisher .. .. 413-413 McICIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law. 300 MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., of New York; Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr.....404-4O3-4Q0 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N; M. T. Kady. Mgr. Paclflc North wast.... 004 003 NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law.. 713 NILES, M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Life In surance Co.. of New York.. ....... .........203 OREGON" INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY; Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath.... 40S-40O OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-213-218-217 PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. W. Behnke, Prkr ......211 POND. WM. S . State Manager Mutual Lif Ins. Co. otTfew York 404-405-100 PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY.. ............. ....Ground floor. 133 Sixth streor PORTLAND PRESS CLUB... 71t PROTZMAN. EUGENE C. Superintendent Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of New York C04 PUTNAM'S SONS, G. P.. Publishers .......BIS QUIMBY, L. P. W., Game and Forestry Warden ...710-717 REED & MAXiCOUr. OpUclans..l33 Sixth, ftnrt REED. F.' C. Fish Commissioner. ...........X0T SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life 300 SANDFORD. A. C & CO.. Publishers Agts..313 SCRnJNER'S SONS. CHAS.. Publishers; Jesse Hobson. Manager....... ......313-316-317 SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com mander. K. O. T. M. 017 SMITH. DR. L. B. Osteopath 403-400 SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION..B00 STARK, E. C, Executive Special, Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Phila.. Pa..... .301 STARR & COLE. Pyrography ...... 403 STUART. DULL, Aorney-at-Law...Q13-G10-017 STOLTE. DK. CHAS. Sf.. DentJst 7C4i703 STRONG. F. h! G. M. General Agents Union Central Life Ins. Co ,. 402-403 SURGEON OF THB 8. P. BY. AND N. P. TERMINAL CO 708 STROWB"RIDGE. THOS. H. Executive Spe cial Agent Mutual Life, of New York. .....405 SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE ,.,3Qt TUCKER, DRt GEO. F-.. Dentist.... 010 Oil UNION CENTRAL LIFE INS. CO.; F. H. & G. M. Strong Agents.. ........ ,....,402-103 U S WEATHER BUREAU.,... 000-007-903-803 U S". LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH DIST., Captain W. C, Xangfltt, Corps of Engineers. U. S. A- S03 U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain. W. C. Eangfltt. Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.,. .810 WALKER, WILL H.. President Oregon Camera Club ,.214-21S-21&217 WEATHERRED. MRS. EDYTH. Grand Sec retary Native Daughters ... ...710-717 WHITI?. MI3S-L. E., Ass t Sec Oregon Cam era Club. ... ....214 WILSON, DR. EDWARD N".. Phys. &, Sur.304-3 WILSON. DR. .GEO F., Phys. &, Surg..,700-7Q7 WILSON. DR. HOLT C Phys. & Surg.507-308 WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician...,..., 412-413-414 WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO ..613 A few more elearant oiTlcci mnx bo hncl by- applying: to Portland Trust Company of Ore-con, 100 Third at., or to the rent cleric in the buildlnjr. MEN NO CURE. NO SPAY THE MODERN APPLIANCE A positive, rwav ta nerfact mnnhiuvl Everything else falls. The VACUUM. TREAT MENT CURES you without medicine of all nervous o? diseases of the generative organs, such as lost manhood, exhausting drains', varico cele, irapotency, etc Men are quickly restored (a perfect health and strength. Write for circulars. Correspondence conMon tlaX THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO , rooma 17-43 Saro Deposit building; Seattle, Wuo.