THE SUNDAY ' OJREGONIAN, PORTLAIJB, JAHTTABY.J, 3,900..
23
ASTRONOMY AND
BY AN EMBRYO
The science of astronomy Is necessarily
- i .na rtifflfTilt-ir nnil maunl-
u. ctieni-e ui ,-. w .-,
tude for its comprehension has perplexed
the minds of men, even of the rarest gen
ius. Proctor and other astronomical writers
have made successful efforts to explain
the problems of astronomy; so that now.
In this age of progress, an ordinary mind
can read certain works on this interest
ing subject and learn something about the
"celestial bodies, their magnitude, mo
tions, distances, periods of revolution,
eclipses, order, and of the causes of the
various phenomena."
Astronomy is the most ancient of all
the sciences. Some of the observations
made by the Chaldeana, date as far back
as 2250 years B. C, or only 98 years after
the flood. It has been said that the Chi
nese made observations U00 years B. C,
and a conjunction of Mars, Jupiter, Sat
urn and Mercury is mentioned In Chinese
records as occurring 2449 years B. C.
The first astronomers were shepherds
and herdsmen; lor they would naturally
observe the movements of sun, moon and
6tars, whilst watching their flocks through
the night and day. ,
The first regular teacher of astronomy
was Thales, one of the seven wise men
of Greece, who taught B. C. 600 years;
Anaxamander, a disciple of Thaies, was
his successor in the school at Miletus
B. C. 54S. Anaxamander had some Idea
of the daily revolution of the earth, and
Is said to be the first man to construct
a map and a globe.
Some of the thoughts advanced by an
cient astronomers were good; while others
were sublimely ridiculous. For example,
Pythagoras, a Greek philosopher, greatly
enlarged tbe science. He taught that the
eun was the center of the planetary or
bits; that the earth floated unsupported
In space, and that the distant stars were
worlds and probably inhabited. In fact,
he taught the system which immortalizes
the name of Copernious, But Ptolemy,
xm Egyptian philosopher, said that the
earth was located in the center of the
universe and was at rest; that the sun,
moon ana stars revolved aroundt, from
east to west, as they appear to do, every
24 hours. Ptolemaic theory was generally
believed for something over 13 centuries.
About the year 1510, Copernicus, a Prus
sian astronomer, revived and improved
the theory of Pythagoras. Copernicus
maintained that the earth was a sphere or
a globe, and inhabited on all sides. He
also taught that the apparent westward
revolution of sun, moon and stars was
caused by the revolution of the earth on
its own axis, from west to east, every
24 hours; and last, but not least, he
taught that the eun was the grand center,
around which the planets, Including our
tsarth, revolve.
"We can safely say, therefore, that the
Copemican theory, as simplified by the
great German astronomer, Kepler, is the
true one; for by it eclipses of the sun
and moon ore calculated and astronomers
ere able to predict their commencement,
duration, etc, to a minute, even hun
lreds of years before they occur.
In the year 1633, a ludicrous incident oc
curred in which Galileo figured rather
prominently. He was an ardent believer
in the movement of the earth. But on
June 28, 1633, he was compelled to make
the following renunciation: "I, Galileo, in
the 70th year of my age, on bended kneea
before your eminences, having before my
eyes and touching with my hands the
Holy Gospels, I curse and detest the error
of the earth's movement." As he left
the court he is said to have stamped upon
the earth, and exclaimed.: "It does move,
after all."
The solar system is composed of the sun,
planets, moons, comets and meteors. .Five
planets, besides the earth, can be readily
seen by the naked eye, and were a' so
known to the ancients. These are Mer
cury, "Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
These, together with the sun and moon,
made up the seven planets of the ancients
and from which the seven days of the
"week were named.
A sun is a luminous body, consequent
ly, emits Its own light laterally speak
ing, all stars are suns, or vice versa. A
planet is an opaque body, or one that Is
not self-luminous, and derives its light
:rom a sun. But It has become custom
ary to speak of Jupiter, "Venus and all
other principal planets as stars, when, in
reality, they are not
One way to tell whether a body is a star
of a planet Is that all stars (or suns)
twinkle, whilst planets do not, because
their light is only reflected.
The sun Is the center of what Is termed
the solar system the father, as it were,
of a great family of planets and planetoids
which have been revolving around him
tor centuries. But perhaps it is better to
think of him as a huge magnet, toward
which all the planets, planetoids and
comets are attracted. His diameter is es
timated to be S50.000 miles and circumfer
ence 2,500,000 miles. The mass of the sun
is over 750 times that of all the planets
and moons In the solar system.
The sun turns once on its axis every 25
days, and is journeying through space, ac
cording to Professor Simon Newcomb's
calculation, toward a star called Vega,
in the constellation of Lyra. He esti
mates that the solar system is being car
ried in a northerly direction at the rate
of a little over 10 miles per second.
Several theories have been advanced as
to what constitutes the sun. The first at
tempt to solve this mystery was made by
Alexander Wilson In 1774. IDs theory Tvag
that the sun "is a dark, spherical globe,
and surrounded at different distances by
three entirely distinct atmospheres or
gaseous envelopes; the first one is
opaque, therefore possesses no light In It
self; the second Is a perpetually burning
gas, consequently is self-luminous; the
third is transparent in appearance, and in
combination with the first is a means of
reflecting the light received from the sec
ond, while other astronomers claimed the
sun to be a globe of fire.
It is now generally believed that the
eun Is mainly a ball of gas or vapor, pow
erfully condensed at the center, and that
its brilliancy may be ascribed to Incan
descent particles of carbon. Shall we not
then think of the sun as an immense arc
light, or, perhaps more properly speak
ing, a carbon light? And how magnificent
he appears! He seems to place a crown
of glory on our queenly earth at his every
rising and setting. What a bleak and un
inhabitable planet would our earth be
were we deprived of the life-giving shafts
of light, now dispensed with such a lavish
hand by old "King Sol"! Man, animals
aul all plant life would cease to exist
The principal planets o-ver which the
sun exerts Its mighty influence, are eight
in number, and may be divided into two
distinct groups; the first and nearest to
the sun are composed of four planets and
of email dimensions when compared with,
the other four; their names are as fol
lows, and in the order of their distances
from the sun: Mereury, Venus, Earth
and Mars. The other four also named
In the order of their distances are: .Jupi
ter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune the
smallest one of these, last four is so
prodigious in 6lze that were the first four
welded into one, that one would not be
equal to It
Between these two groups there comes a
third, composed of a considerable num
ber of smaller bodies called planetoids.
Our solar system Is not yet complete,
because some of the planets are attended
by e liar bodies, called satellites, and
whic- are grouped around them just as
our earth and other planets are grouped
about the sun. The earth has one, the
moon; Jupiter has a train of four; Sat
urn, of eight; Uranus, eight, and Nep
tune probably two.
The movements of all these planets are
controlled by an immutable law. This
Jaw was discovered by the German as
tronomer, Kepler, after 33 years of patient
OUR - SOLAR .SYSTEM
ASTRONOMER.
, observation and Inquiry; but It remained
for Sir Isaac Newton to define' this law.
for Sir Isaac Newton to define this law,
viz., the law of universal attraction or
gravitation.
We will now describe briefly each plan
et of this wonderful system in their or
der from the sun. First comes Mercury,
which is about 30,000,000 of miles from
"Old Sol"; its diameter Is about 3000 miles.
Being so much nearer the sun than the
earth, the attraction is stronger; Mercury,
therefore, makes the revolution of the
sun sooner than does our earth, or in
88 days, which is the length of Mercury's
year. His day is about the same length
as ours.
It has been ascertained by observations
of Mercury during Its "transit," or when
It crosses the sun's face,, that It has an
atmosphere; one will then naturally sup
pose that it is inhabited. This planet is
seldom seen with the naked eye, owing
to Its nearness to the sun.
Venus Is next in order. As seen from
the earth, she is the most beautiful and
brilliant of all the planets. She Is about
SIZE OF THE SCW COMPARE! WIT
the same size as our earth; for this rea
son they are sometimes called "twins."
Its distance from the sun is about 60,000,
000 of miles. Its day is about half an
hour shorter than ours, and her year is
nearly 225 days. Both Mercury and Venus
show phases like1 the moon.
The "transits" of Venus are few and
far between. Two "transits" come within
eight years of each other, and then fol
lows an interval of over 100 years before
another occurs; the dates of the most re
cent being 1874 and 1882. These "transits"
were, at one time, Important matters;
for by them was calculated the sun's dis
tance from the earth; other means are
now employed to make this calculation.
After Venus Is our earth. Its diameter
is S000 miles; circumference, 25,000 miles,
and is distant from the sun about 91,000.000
miles. Its diameter Is 100 times smaller
than the sun's, and it would take mote
than 1,200,000 little earths like ours, rolled
Into one huge ball, to make a body equal
in size to the sun.
The earth has three distinct move
ments. First it makes the 24-hour revo
lution upon Its axis, which we term one
day. Second, it revolves around the sun
once in 365Vi days; this we call one year.
Third, it iollows the sun In his wonderful
journey through space.
(To be concluded next Sunday.)
NO GENERAL EXPOSITION.
But Exhibitions From Year to Year
of Special Lines of Industry.
PORTLAND, Jan. 5. (To the Editor.)
The Portland exposition has for the last
few -years failed in its original object of
being an industrial representation of the
Pacific Northwest This is wrong, because
Samples of Ragtime
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Ragtime has been given Its rating by Freder
ick "W. Root, musical authority. He saja it
bears the une relation to the great things of
the musical world that, ilother, Goose.'s melo
dies do to the masterpieces of the world's liter
ature. "While criticising this lowly but extremely
popular sort of music, Mr. Root sajs it came
from the great maestros of the earth. "Wagner
lapsed into it much after the manner of "statesmen-
who sometimes get tired and drop into
versification. Mozart also had moments of
fatigue or exuberance, when he dashed off a
few notes In the measure of the cakewalk mel
ody. Some of the great litterateurs have written
along the mental altitude of Mother Goose,
saya Mr. Root, and so have Bach and Bee
thoven yielded to the Impulse to put their lofty
thoughts Into sharps and flats that 'would be
appreciated In Halstea street.
"I would not do away with ragtime music,"
said Mr. Root. "If some one should ask me if
I would blot out Mother Goose's rhymes I
would say unhesitatingly I would not do it.
Mother Goose is a good thing in Its way. So Is
ragtime.
"To make the matter plain, ragtime is syn
copation. All of the great masters have em
plojed syncopated notes. That Is all right, or
the masters would not have done It. But they
did not write all of their works In syncopation.
That shows that syncopation is good for awhile,
but we do not want too much of It.
"Now, Mother Goose's literature is a good
thing, but suppose you had nothing else to read
you would get tired of it after awhile."
"What would jou suggest be done about it?"
be was aeked.
"Let It alone. The people who like It may
leam after awhile to lute something else bet
ter." 1
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it misrepresents our people, our resources,
our growing industry. Something must
be done to do better in the future. We
must awake from this inaction. An In
dusrlal exposition, to be of any value, must
be instructive, representative and attrac
tive. A representative exposition of all our
actual products and resources, of all our
manufactures and Industries, at one and
the same time, would require the co-operation
of every producer, and manufacturer
In this section. It would require a larger
space than we have at our disposition. ;it
would take a large amount of money,
more than the income and practical gain
therefrom would justify. A grand display
of this kind could not be repeated from
year to year, because It is a too heavy
annual expense to the exhibitor, and, as
experience has shown, it becomes monot
onous and tiresome to the visitor. How
ever, an exposition each year in Portland,
Or., of a special feature of our resources,
products, manufactures or industries,
could be made not only paying, but bene
ficial to the country and advantageous to
the exhibitor.
Let us have one year a well-planned and
well-executed exhibition of the "lumber
industry" of the Pacific Northwest, which
will show this branch in Its most advanced
form; which will be an exponent of our
great natural resources In this line; which
will be a living guide to show the capl-
H THAT OF THE LARGER PIANETS.
tallst where to invest his money; which
will show the Eastern and Southern lumber-dealer
where to buy profitably and
advantageously, and such a display will
have lasting benefits to this and "our
neighboring states. In another year let us
make a show of our "fishing interests,"
and still In another year or "mining dis
tricts," and so one. Perhaps some time in
the near future an exposition in this city
of the resources and products of our new
Pacific colonial possessions Is not an im
possibility. Such expositions, if properly managed
and properly arranged, will make the pro
ducers and manufacturers anxlbus to show
their wares In the most creditable way, be
cause it will only tax them once within
a long time. They will see quickly the
benefit coming from such an exposition, be
cause, if undertaken: in the right spirit
and well advertised, It will attract the
tradesman In that line and the capitalist
from all over the United States. Such
an exposition will be a profit beyond calcu
lation to the whole Pacific Northwest It
will Incite the producers and manufaqtur
ers of other branches to a similar exposi
tion of their line In another year.
It does not matter in which order the
exhibits are made, whether lumber or
fishing or mining or any other Industry in
the first year. I only desire that the
Chamber of Commerce, the board of trade
and other organizations take this matter
under consideration and then act together
in harmony toward one object; the ad
vancement, progress and upbuilding of
this Pacific Northwest. CITIZEN.
o
Perversity Besets Happiness.
Junction City Bulletin.
Some people refuse to be happy unless
they can both believe and assert that 99
years complete a century.
Music Found in the Works
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(OVERTITEE OX) " HOST JTCH'YMOZASO?. A' SYNCOPATIOJTOV
23T
(SIXTH TWO-VOICED INVENTION
,rWhat critical objection lies against ragtime
music?"
"It Js a repetition of the eame thing, that's
all. There Is nothing else in the world the
matter with it. As I said, if it were not a
good thing the masters would not have used It."
Among tbe many oddities of ragtime "an ex
ample of Its effect may be seen in the setting of
"Old Hundred" to that measure.
"There is no such hlng as good muslo or bad
music," said Professor Emll Llebllng. "Tou
may eet good muaic to bad or vicious wordings
WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN
IFVBBITISH HAD MET FIRST-CIiASS
POWER. INSTEAD OF BOERS.
Inefficiency of London and Lino OfQ.
cers Need of Thorough Reorgan
ization Pointed Oat.
Among the very serious reflections ,to
which the reverses sustained by the Eng
lish troops in South Africa give rise is
the question as to the showing which
these same forces would have made if the
enemy they have been facing had beer
the highly trained and up-to-date army of
some great military power of Continental
Europe, such as Germany, RussiaAustria
or France, Instead of irregular levies of
farmers who have been commandered
straight from the plow, and whose life has
been spent until now in agricultural pur
suits, says "Attache" la the Pittsburg
Dispatch. The foes by which England la
confronted in South Africa are not pro
fessional soldiers, and yet so far they may
be said to have beaten Great Britain's prp
fessional soldiers at the latter s own game,
a circumstance which cannot but add to
the bitterness and humiliation of the Eng
lish defeat. The British have been until
now. out-generaled and out-maneuvered by
these pastoral Boers. The moraL effect
of these crushing reverses by the. flower
of the British army at the opening of the
campaign is likely to prove of a lasting
character, showing as it does, both to the
English people themselves and to foreign
nations, the military inefficiency of the
English army.
England's navy has kept abreast of the
times, thanks to which Great Britain en
joys today universally acknowledged su
premacy In naval matters. But the army
is miserahly behindhand, despite the fact
that ifs annual military budget Is almost
as large as that of the German empire.
Somo two years ago the Mllitaerisches
Wochenblatt, official organ of the'Bertln
war department wrote as follows:
"Despite all Ub bravery, the British army
Is showing once more on the Indian fron
tier that it is as unfit for any serious war
as ever. If Russia were to make use of
her opportunities, England, powerless as
sho Is irom a military point of view,
would be forced to leave the gates of In
dia in Russia's hands, and to thank her
stars if she does not lose India alto
gether." Incompetency of Superior Officers.
This sweeping condemnation of Eng
land's army was called forth by the la
mentable fiasco of the British military op
erations against the insurgent tribesmen
on the northwestern frontier of India.
The fiasco was due to no lack of courage
on the part of either officers or men, and
If 'the rank and file gave any Indication
of laok of discipline, and of Insubordina
tion, it was only by refusing to obey
when commanded to retreat. The fault
was entirely and admittedly with the gross
incompetence of the superior officers, who
manifested a degree of military inefficiency
and an ignorance of the science of warr
f are that is almost Inconceivable.
Each one of the reverses sustained dur
ing the present, war with the Transvaal
have been due t'othe neglect of the most
elementary rules 'and laws of the art of
war. The defeats of Generals Bullerr Gat
acre and Lord Methuen have In every case
resulted from neglect to discover the
enemy's position by means of skirmishers
before attacking in force. In thus allow
ing themselyes to4be arobushod for It Is
difficult' to describe as anything else the
reverses which they have sustatned the
English commanders show clearly that,
aside from their failure to observe the
elementary law requiring the deployment
of skirmishers to unmask the enemy's
position and concealed defenses before at
tacking, they haVe forgotten the1 lessons
which they received in the last war with
the Boers, nearly 20, years ago. In jtjiat
campaign the British troops sustained a
number of reverses, and ip each instance
they were due, as in the present instance,
to a disregard for the safeguard afforded
by skirmishers and scouts. Even a single
patrol would have made It Impossible for
the Boers to surprise and annihilate the
Ninety-fourth Infantry at Brunkerssprult,
in 1SS1; and Majuba Hill, the most crush
ing of all disasters of the former war with
the Transvaal, was likewise due to the
fact that General Colley was drawn Into
an ambuscade which would have been
unmasked had there been any adequate
reconnolterlng.
The English regular cavalry is well cap
able of acting as the eyes of any mili
tary expedition, and Is held by foreign
of Great Composers.
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OF BACH. A SYNCOPATION.)
and the music becomes bad by Implication. So
with ragtime. It is now lending Itself to low
vaudeville, In the main, and because of, that
association the music is denounced.
"The sonar from 'Carmen,' 'Love Is a "Wild
Bird,' is one of the best examples OfTagtime
in modern music, in the ' overture, to "Don
Juan,' by Mozart, .and in the elxta two-voiced
invention of Bach we have good examples of
syncopation.
"Ragtime simply is having its day. It will
be forgotten as a craze in a few years.''
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experts to be more serviceable than the
British infantry. Moreover, in the irregu
lar cavalry forces- raided In South Africa,
the English commanders possess a lorce of
scouts wblch will bear comparison with
those who .furnished sucn splendid assist
ance to fhe United States cavalry in the
military operations In this countryagalttst
the Indians. With this reconnolterlrig
material ut their disposal, It Is difficult to
find any words of excuse for the Hirltlah
commanders In permitting themselves to
be beaten through sending the troops
asrainat Dosltlons that proved untenable.
owing to the artillery and rlfleflre,, ofr
concealed forces of Boers, whose presence
should have been.previously ascertained.
Inefficiency In London.
But the fault does not lie exclusively
with the commanding officers In the field.
One and all of them have been frightfully
handicapped by the mllltarvand civilian
beads of the war department hv London
IX. is dlrncuit tffinna woras ot conuemna-
uon sumcienuy strong ior inose wo wwo.
responsible for the amazing neglect to send
out artillery by the first 20 huge trans
ports that conveyed troops to South Afri
ca, Germany defeated France, In tl?e war
of 1870 mainly through the vast superior
ity of her ordnance, which Is now univer
sally acknowledged to be tbe principal arm
In modern war. Yet In spite of this, 20
shiploads of troops were sent out wthout
any artillery whatsoever. This might
have been pardonable had, there been any
guns of the modern type at the Cape or
in Tfatal. 'But, although the present war
has been regarded In England as Inevit
able for more than a. year past, yet there
were literally no cannon available tq the
English commanders, except the few naval
quick-firers, which, thanks to the enter-
prise and ingenuity of the navy not of
the army had been disembarked, at the
Oape and atjDurban and taken up coun
try by rail.
It is solely owing to lack of artillery, of
rthe right kind that General Sir George
White has been .hesleged at. Ladysmlth,
instead of being able to take the offen
sive, and free to- jStrike. Nothing can
portray matters more clearly than the let
ter, written a month "ago by an officer,
which statest
."Our position is strong ms long as we
can hold the hills'. But" If the Boers get
their artillery nearer they will wipe us
out in a few hours without getting within
rifle range at all, as we have no guns to
speak of ourselves. We have been tele
graphing in vain. But the officials at
home and at Cape Town do not seem to
understand the position."
This was sent a day before Ladysmith
was shut oft to the outer world by the
Boers, and If the place falls, and General
White, with his little army of 5000 men, is
compelled to surrender. It will be entirely
due to the absence of the necessary guns,
a fault for which the officials at the war
department rather than himself should be
blamed.
Where Most Blame Belongs
But the branch of the war department
in London most severely to blame for the
British reverses Js undoubtedly the so
called military intelligence department
Not merely the various cabinet ministers,
but the secretary of war, Lord Lans
downo, and even the; generalissimo of the
British army, Field Marshal Lord Wol
seley, have openly admitted in public
speeches that they were altogether
amazed by the extent of the military re
sources of the Transvaal and Orange Free
Stater They do not hesitate to admit that
until now they have been profoundly ig
norant of the military condition of the
two South African republics; and, above
all, they profess Ignorance as to the mag
nificent equipment of artillery which the,
Transvaal has shown itself -to possess.
"Yet every, guri which the Boers have
useffotgainst'the English, has been im
ported either througlr""tRe British custom-house
at ,the Cape, or else has been
landed In De'lagoa bay under the eyes
of the British authorities there, and con
veyed from thence by rail to Pretoria.
need hardly point out that It was the
;d,uty of the Intelligence department, es
pecially in view or tne lnevitaoie nature
ofjthe conflict with the Transvaal, to
keep track of each gun for the Boers,
and be posted as to Its caliber and range.
It was the duty, too, of the Intelligence
department to make Itself acquainted as
Id the means possessed by the Boers of
handling und fighting these guns.
On, this subject the utmost mystery pre
"vailsv even to this day, and one of the
questions' which military men are asking,
not only-JnjEngland, but everywhere else,
Is as, to how the Boors contrive to move
the heavier pieces of ordnance over the
most appallingly difficult country with
such remarkable, rapidity, and hew they
are able to bring them Into action so
readily at different points. Only a pro
fessional military man can appreciate the
task Involved In the rapid conveyance
of 40-pounder guns over a country where
roads are the exception and boulder-covered
plains and hills the rule.
The fact that all these questions should
be asked today by the English command
ers In the field, and by the war depart
ment at home, demonstrates better than
anything else the gross Incompetency oj
the Intelligence department In London,
which Is unable to furnish any satisfac
tory answer thereto, or to afford tha
slightest information on the subject.
No Chart of tbe Country.
The Intelligence department has also
actually neglected to chart the country
which Is now the scene of hostilities, and
a portion of which at any rate is British
territory. For, if General Gatacre was
defeated 10 days ago, it was largely due
to the fact that he ha'd no knowledge of
the topography of the countey through
which he was marching; that he had no
maps, and that he wa3 entirely dependent
upon the directions of Dlack guides, who
proved themselves Incompetent or treach
erous, and led his expeditionary force into
an ambush. '
It Is only necessary to recall the fact
that during the war of 1S70 the Prussian
officers, thanks to the precautions of the
Intelligence bureaij of the war department
at Berlin, were provided with the most
elaborate and perfect maps of the enemy's
country, showing every road and even by
path and lane, whereas the French com
manders were repeatedly getting lost even
In their own country, owing to the lack
of proper maps. Untaught by this expe
rience, wo find the British commander
suffering from identically the same neg
lect 30 years later.
If the English have until now under
estimated the enemy, they have no one. to
'blame but their appallingly inefficient In
telligence department, which was subject
to the direction of Sir Henry Bracken
bury, one of the most self-sufficient and
conceited generals of the English army,
"before 'being transferred a 'short time ago
to the control of. General Sir John Ar
dagh, who Is less responsible for the con-
ldltlonsl that prevail In the bureau than
'bis predecessor.
.- Reorganisation Necessary
. The long and short pt the matter s that
It Is riot so much' the men, nor yet the
generals, who are at fault, but the system.
The entire military organization in Eng
land requires to be radically reformed and
placed on a level which will enable It to
make some pretense of competing with
foreign nations. 3 The whole qf the war
department will have to be reconstituted,
and the heads of the various divisions
thereof, notably the Intelligence bureau,
kept under keen supervision. Officers of
every grade will be forced to make a
practical, as well as theoretical, study of
military science, and given to understand
that their promotion depends upon their
keeping abreast with Its Very latest de
velopments; while last, 'but not least,
something In the shape of compulsory
military service will be Introduced.
In at least one Instance an amusing con
tretemps occurred. A large lot of ammuni
tion, some 1200 boxes, went astray at- the.
port nd coiild not be found. The port!
authorities were sure that they had been,
landed, but the Tailway officials could not
account for them In any way.
At-last, after the lapse of many months,
It turned out that by some unaccountable
error the whole lot had been reshlpped to
Beira, and had got through the Buluwayo,
and was comfortably reposing in the mag-
nzlnes of the Chartered Company of Brit
ish South Africa. The Boers Indignantly'
claimed their ammunition. Mr. Rhodes
officials said: "Very well, come and fetch
It; but, as 'we happen to want some of this
partkuilar. btand'ourserves,. you had betted
let .us "oay-fpfjLt arttf'sarijo more on tha
subject." Thlstfctuallyhappenedr but It
was never found out whether the mistake
occurred on purpose or by accident..
On the whole, It has been found that
tha French ammunition Is more reliable
than that made In Germany, and there
haa also been less palm oil, less bribery
anckcorruption in its purchase, shipment
andMeltfelTrrttfe'aseo'f one particu
lar lot of German cartridges it was reck
oned that the original cost was quad
rupled by the time they reached Pretoria,
-awing to the number o.f hands through
which they passed, ancfc,the number of offi
cials who had to be "Insulted" before they
,wero passed,
these, car
trlbuted amoncr the
that they 'were faulty aha dangerous, so
that whole transaction was eminently un
satisfactory from every point of view.
These were Mauser cartridges;.
The quantity of ammunition stored In the
Transvaal Is absolutely colossal, and would
suffice 'for a 10 years' war, even at the
present rate of usage.
top '
,AFTER THE GOLE BOOMS.
Importance of tbe Reactions in De
termining tlic Popnlntion.
. "The law that settlers' follow the line of
least resistance suffers an exception when
men are seeking .gold," says a writer In
Alnslee's, who goes on to prove it. "In
the natural order of- things, population
would have worked. Itself In .a. continuous
progression toward the Rocky mountains,
crossing them only by compulsion, as the
sAHeghenies were crossed and the Missis
sippi and the Missouri arivers. But where
there is gold In sight, t there Is no law.
Humanity goes Into Alaska with the same
blind avidity that It went lnt.p California
50 years ago, with the same fatuousness
that it swept to Pike's peak in 1&58. Pop
ulation forsook all its domiciles. Its pat
ronages and' Its prosperity In the Argo
naut period, and, as if driven by some
monstrous wind, surged over the uneven
earth to the Pacific and to the Rockies.
The whole world knows how It did so, and
the suffering that ensued is as common a
story as the fortunes that were won. But
the thing that "is not known, the matter
of lasting Importance that Is most often
overlooked, Is the migratory reaction, the
settling back of the big flood to the places
in, which, either by necessity or by choice.
It must finally rest. Tne character of the
great West, tho trans-Missouri, with. Its
multiple variations, 'is determined by this
phenomenon.
"A map and a book of census statistics
will tell the story. It Is the story of the
oil from the pitcher again. Men and
women touched the crest of the continent
at Leadvllle, in Colorado, in 1S5S, but fell
back onto the plains again, before the '60s
were expired. The Mormon emigration
filled tho valley of the Jordan In 18-17, but
the general tide of people either went to
the lower valleys of the Sacramento and
the San Joaquin, on the Orlenal side of
the Sierra Nevadas, or receded on the
eastern slope of the Rockies. Successive
mining discoveries enticed rushes of pros
pectors into Northern Idaho and British
Columbia, but the greater mass of the
movers went back into tho warmer re
gions of California and Oregon. Where
the Comstock and tho Consolidated Vir
ginia 'silver mines once 'magnetized so
many settlers as- to beguile congress Into
making a state of Nevad, there is little
left now but the evldehde of what has
been and the promiseor what may be
when the immigration of the We3t begins
to move again for less glorious promises
than acres of oranges for the mere tilling
of the soil, and monster timber for the
mere hewing of the logs. The mesas of
the two Southwestern territories, Arizona
and New Mexico, seem to have absorbed
the hosts of traders and adventurers that
went into them, as" the sandy soil of their
great areas drink in the freshets from the
mountains."
i o
A. Bicycle Arniy Corps.
Philadelphia Record.
One of the agencies through which tho
English war office Is supplied with news
and the army in the field with orders. Is
a military bicycle corps, recently organized
In Cape Town. This Is the first time such
a corps has seen active service in the
field; although all the standing armies now
have such couriers.
s '
Candor.
La Grande Chronicle.
It pays to be frank and' candid about
things. This Is the style that sensible,
reasonable men admire, whereas they
have no use for fulsome flattery.
Who would think there
was insanity behind a drop
of water? But there is. It
was a favorite torture in the
old days to fasten the victim
where water should slowly
drip on his forehead. In a
little while he was a howl
ine maniac.
Women do not, as a rule,
realize how the steady
drains which sometimes
amict them must at last re-act on the
mind. Sometimes, it is only fretfulness,
irritability or pevishness. At other
times the condition passes beyond un
reasonableness to irrationality.
With the relief of the body, from dis
ease, Dr. Pierce's Favgrite Prescription
gives also a cheerful mind and contented
spirit Yben the drains and pains are
stopped the mind soars, up like a balloon
from which dead weight has been cast
out. Mothers who never knew a happy
moment when the birth hour confronted
them, and younger women doomed each
month to a period of mental depression
as well as physical suffering, have found
a perfect cure by the use of ' Favorite
Prescription." It contains no alcohol,
neither opium cocaine or other form of
-.narcotic. , ,
"I suffered with female weakness about eight
years tried several doctors but derrrtd no
benefit untiL I began using Dr. Pierce's FavorA
ite Prescription," writes Mrs. John Green, of
Danville, 'Boyle Co , Ky. "This medicme was
recommended to me by .other patients. I have
taken six bottles and I feel like another person."
" L took- your medicine six months and feel
now like a new person," wntcs Miss Annie
Stephens of Belleville, WcodCo.,Vv.Va. "Have
no neadache, no backache, no pafu anywhere.
I toofc seven Dottles or uoctor
Pierce's Favorite Prescription,'
and seven bottles at his
Golden Medical Discovery." I
think there is no medicine like
Doctor Pierce's. I can't speak
highly enough of ypnr medi
cine ior it has done me so much
good, 1 don't feel tired as I
used to. nor sick. I feel well
.and think there Is no medicine
equal to Dr, Pierce's Favonte
Prescription."
Doctor Pierce's PJe&sant;, Eg
pellets (are graauatea 10
the sensitive system of
women.
Every facility for re
gaining lost hoalth.
Plenty of pleasure for
those who seek it.
Beautiful drives; mud,
Botel'hns every con
venience, mm rot. locxtrr
OtioE'Nrotr
Prop
Paso Robles,
ai.
flu
VJl-LJLj
1
1PU
111 S2&KV
THE PALATIAL
EBOIUUILO
v3" -
Ifot s dark oClce in tbe bnildlnst
absolutely fireproof;, electric lights
and artesian water; perfect sanita
tion and thorough ..ventilation. Ele
vatdf s run1 tiny and nigbfc,
Rooms.
AERAMS. "SV. R.. Cashier Mutnal Lira 408
ANDERSON. GUSTAV, Attorney-at-Uw...812
ASSOCIATED PRESS; E. L. Powell. Mg: ...SOU
BANKERS' LIFE ASSOCIATION, or Des
Moines, la.; C A. McCargar. State Agenc.0023
BEHNICE, IL "W., Pila. Ternla Shorthand
School ... ..211
BENJAMIN, R. "W, Dentist 5M
BINSWANGER, DR. O. S. Phys. &. Sur..ll-4U
BRUERE. DR. G. E.. Physician 412-413-tU
BUSTEED, RICHARD. Plug Tobacco....602C03
CAUKIK. G. E District Agent Travelers
Insurance Co...... ....... ..,........ ....713
CARDWELL, DR. J. B..... 303
CLARK. HAROLD, Dentist 3W
CLEM. E. A. & CO., Mining ProperUes...513-8tJ
COLUMBIA TELEPHONE! COMPANY
6Q-1-C03-G00 60T-013-014-G13
CORNELIUS. C. "W.. Phys. and Surgeon 200
COVER, F. C Cashier Equitable Life 300
COLLIER. P. F.. Publisher; S. P. McGuire.
Manager ....... 415-115
DAT. J. G. & I. N . 313
DAVIS, NAPOLEON. President Columbia
Telephone Co........ . 607
DICKSON. DR. J. F.. Physician 713-714
DRAKE. DR. H B., Physician.. .... 012-513-014
EDITORIAL ROOMS. Eighth floor
EQUITABLE UF3 ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
L. Samuel. Manager; F. C Cover. Cashier. 20a
EVENING TELEGRAM 323 Alder street
FALLOWS, MRS, M. A.. Manager Womea'a
Dept. Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of New
York . .....603
TENTON, J. D., Physician and Surgeon..B00-310
FENTON, DR. HICKS C, Eye and Ear 311
FENTON, MATTHEW F.. "Dentist ...COO
FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE ASS'N; E. a
Stark, Manager 301
FOREST. MRS. E. R.. Purchasing Agent.. ..717
FRENCH SCHOOL (by conversation); Dr. A.
Muzzarelll, Manager .........700
GALVANL "W. H.. Engineer and Draughts
man ........... COO
GEARY. DR. EDWARD P., Physician and
Surgeon ..............212-213
GIESY. A. J.. Physician and Surgeon.... 703-710
GODDARD. E. C. & CO., Footwear, ground
floor 120 Sixth street
GOLDMAN. WILLLV.M. Manager Manhattan
Life Insurance Co . of New York. ......209-210
GRNT FRANK S.. Attorney-at-Law G17
GRENIER. MIS3 BEATRICE. Dentist. ....703
HAMMOND. A. B 310
HETDINGER. GEO. A. & CO.. Pianos and
Organs . . .. 131 Sixth St.
HOLLISTER. DR. O. C. Phys. & Surg... 304-303
IDLEMAN. C. M Attorney-at-Law... 410-17-13
KADY, MARK T., Manage); EaeJfl Nqko.-
weat Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asso.j.604-603
LAMONT, JOHN. Vice-President and Gen
eral Manager Columbia Telephone Co... ....COS
LITTLEFIELD, H, R., Phys. and Surgeon. ..200
MACRUM. W. S.. Sec Oregon Camera Club.,214
MACKAY, DR. A. E Phys. and Surg.. 711-713
MAXWELL. DR. W. E.. Phys. & Surg... 701-2-3
McCARGAR. C. A., state Agent Bankers'
Life Association .........502-303
McCOY. NEWTON. Attorney-at-Law. ...... .715
McFADEN. MISS IDA E . Stenographer .201
McGINN. HENRY E., Attornay-at-Law..3H-3U
McKELL, T. J., Manufacturers' Representa
tive .. ..... ......301
MILLER COLLECTION AGENCY 303
MILLER. DR. HERBERT C. Dentist and
Oral Surgeon .......... .008-000
MOSSMAN. DR. E. P.. Dentint 312-313-314
MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO.. of
New York; W. Goldman. Manager...... 200-210
McELROY. DR. J. G . Phys. & Surg.701-702-703
McFARLAND. E. B. Secretary Columbia
Telephone Co.... ...............COO
McGUIRE. S. P., Manager P. V. Collier.
Publisher .. .. 413-413
McICIM. MAURICE. Attorney-at-Law. 300
MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., of New
York; Wm. S. Pond. State Mgr.....404-4O3-4Q0
MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE ASS'N;
M. T. Kady. Mgr. Paclflc North wast.... 004 003
NICHOLAS. HORACE B.. Attorney-at-Law.. 713
NILES, M. L.. Cashier Manhattan Life In
surance Co.. of New York.. ....... .........203
OREGON" INFIRMARY OF OSTEOPATHY;
Dr. L. B. Smith. Osteopath.... 40S-40O
OREGON CAMERA CLUB 214-213-218-217
PERNIN SHORTHAND SCHOOL; H. W.
Behnke, Prkr ......211
POND. WM. S . State Manager Mutual Lif
Ins. Co. otTfew York 404-405-100
PORTLAND EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY..
............. ....Ground floor. 133 Sixth streor
PORTLAND PRESS CLUB... 71t
PROTZMAN. EUGENE C. Superintendent
Agencies Mutual Reserve Fund Life, of
New York C04
PUTNAM'S SONS, G. P.. Publishers .......BIS
QUIMBY, L. P. W., Game and Forestry
Warden ...710-717
REED & MAXiCOUr. OpUclans..l33 Sixth, ftnrt
REED. F.' C. Fish Commissioner. ...........X0T
SAMUEL. L.. Manager Equitable Life 300
SANDFORD. A. C & CO.. Publishers Agts..313
SCRnJNER'S SONS. CHAS.. Publishers;
Jesse Hobson. Manager....... ......313-316-317
SHERWOOD. J. W.. Deputy Supreme Com
mander. K. O. T. M. 017
SMITH. DR. L. B. Osteopath 403-400
SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION..B00
STARK, E. C, Executive Special, Fidelity
Mutual Life Association of Phila.. Pa..... .301
STARR & COLE. Pyrography ...... 403
STUART. DULL, Aorney-at-Law...Q13-G10-017
STOLTE. DK. CHAS. Sf.. DentJst 7C4i703
STRONG. F. h! G. M. General Agents
Union Central Life Ins. Co ,. 402-403
SURGEON OF THB 8. P. BY. AND N. P.
TERMINAL CO 708
STROWB"RIDGE. THOS. H. Executive Spe
cial Agent Mutual Life, of New York. .....405
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE ,.,3Qt
TUCKER, DRt GEO. F-.. Dentist.... 010 Oil
UNION CENTRAL LIFE INS. CO.; F. H.
& G. M. Strong Agents.. ........ ,....,402-103
U S WEATHER BUREAU.,... 000-007-903-803
U S". LIGHTHOUSE ENGINEERS. 13TH
DIST., Captain W. C, Xangfltt, Corps of
Engineers. U. S. A- S03
U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE. RIVER AND
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Captain. W.
C. Eangfltt. Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.,. .810
WALKER, WILL H.. President Oregon
Camera Club ,.214-21S-21&217
WEATHERRED. MRS. EDYTH. Grand Sec
retary Native Daughters ... ...710-717
WHITI?. MI3S-L. E., Ass t Sec Oregon Cam
era Club. ... ....214
WILSON, DR. EDWARD N".. Phys. &, Sur.304-3
WILSON. DR. .GEO F., Phys. &, Surg..,700-7Q7
WILSON. DR. HOLT C Phys. & Surg.507-308
WOOD. DR. W. L.. Physician...,..., 412-413-414
WILLAMETTE VALLEY TELEPH. CO ..613
A few more elearant oiTlcci mnx bo
hncl by- applying: to Portland Trust
Company of Ore-con, 100 Third at., or
to the rent cleric in the buildlnjr.
MEN NO CURE. NO
SPAY THE MODERN
APPLIANCE A positive,
rwav ta nerfact mnnhiuvl
Everything else falls. The VACUUM. TREAT
MENT CURES you without medicine of
all nervous o? diseases of the generative organs,
such as lost manhood, exhausting drains', varico
cele, irapotency, etc Men are quickly restored (a
perfect health and strength.
Write for circulars. Correspondence conMon
tlaX THE HEALTH APPLIANCE CO , rooma
17-43 Saro Deposit building; Seattle, Wuo.