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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (July 12, 1915)
TITE MORNING OTtKOONTAX. 'MOXDAT, JTXT 12. IP IS. PORTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Fosofflc as second-clasa matter. Subscription Rates invariably In advance: (By Mail.) Dally. Sunday Included, one year (S.ou Ually, Sunday Included, six monlbl.... 4. o laily. Sunday Included, inree months., li-lo Xaily. Sunday Included, one month. .... .? - Dally, without Sunday, one ear 8.1X1 Dally, without Sunday, six months elia Daily, without Sunday, three montha. .. a.?. Daily, without Sunday, one month..... .so Weekly. -one year 1.6 Sunday, 'one year 2.aO Sunaay and Weekly, one year moo (By Carrier.) Dally. Sunday Included, one year .. . U.00 1ally. Sunday Included, one month 73 How to Kemlt Send Posiofflce money or der, express order or personal check on your local bauk. Stamps, coin cr currency are at sender's risk. Give postofiice address in full, including county and state. Poet ace Kates 12 to la pages. 1 cent; 18 to 82 pages. 2 cents; 84 to 48 pagea 8 cents; CO to oo pages, 4 cents; 61i to 74 pages, a cents; ?s to i2 pages, tt cents. Foreign post, age. double rates. Kastera Business Office Verree A- ConK lln, Brunswick building. New York; Verree Conklin. steger bunding. Cnicago; win Francisco representative. K. J. Bid well, 742 Market street. POKTLA.ND. MONDAY, JULY 12,' 1813. GKKMANY'S IX) VK OF HUMANITY. Study of the German note In detail reveals a determination to continue the practices which, the United States has denounced, modified only by the assumption that Germany has the right to decide with what rules neutrals shall comply in order to eecure the safety of their Uvea and property at sea. At the very outset . Germany makes " an untenable assumption in order to . uphold the contention that she has sought to wage war humanely and has resorted to inhumane methods only in retaliation for like methods used by her enemies. The note cites Ger many's offer to ratify the Declaration " of LOMon governing naval warfare as proc". This agreement had not been ratified by Great Britain or the ! i United States -when war was declared. " Therefore It was not in operation, and could not be made to govern this war - without violating the principle that the rules established by international - law at the beginning of a war cannot ; be changed while that war is in prog- -1 ress. There are reasons of self-interest, quite aside from considera fr tions of humanity, why Germany -de-sired the Declaration of London to ; govern. . Notwithstanding Germany's pro-l- Jessed anxiety to conduct war with due regard for international .' law, she was the first belliger Vent to violate The Hague treaty 'relating to 1 the use of 'floating ... anines. If the Declaration of London should have become effective notwith standing the lack of ratification by ; Britain, as Germany' now contends, so : should this Hague treaty have been .respected. At the time when the I mines were laid It had been ratified i by all the belligerents except Russia. 1 Serbia and Montenegro, and Serbia was among the signatories. Both agreements become binding only be ; .tween contracting powers and then ; only if all the belligerents are parties, vand therefore both are ineffective, but '. there is Just as good reason w'hy Ger '(many should have waived this point 1 in regard to The Hague treaty as there is why her enemies should have iwalved it in regard to the London Declaration. But Herr von Jagow attempts to shift the responsibility for mine- v sowing to Britain and accuses that ' country of violating international law -''by declaring the XcVth Sea a war "' area. Britain planted anchored mines. In contrast with the German un- anchored mines, she placed them in defined areas, proclaimed those areas and took steps to direct neutral ships Into safe passages outside of those .' areas. Herr von Jagow distorts facts to bolster up his claim that Germany .' torpedoes ships in the cause of hu--- manity. Germany is held up as the cham pion of humanity against those who would use starvation of her civil popu Z'. latlon as a means to subdue her. The L.'j truth is that Britain did not declare u-; grain absolute contraband until the " Gerrjjan government had seized all food and thereby made impossible any 'r distinction between that destined for the armed forces and that destined .-' for the civil population. 'Britain is accused of originating the ;.. starvation policy, and of formally ' adopting it by tire long-range block er; ad a announced on March 1. That policy was first announced as having ..:. been adopted by Germany against i Britain. The announcement was made v- on December 2 by Admiral von Tirpitz in an Interview with Karl H. von -. Wiegand which was published in this : country on December 22. Not until J three months later was the British blockade proclaimed, and then its an . nounced purpose was not starvation :.-f Germany, but destruction of Ger- -... man commence in reprisal for a series of violations of the "rules of war cul--rminating in the submarine campaign. ". The German war zone was proclaimed : :; on February 5, and the British block ' ade not until March 1, yet Herr von Jagow asserts that the German action '.. iwas retaliation for the British. In - his effort to make a case he has re- : "versed the order of events. The fact is that, were Germany, en . tlrely cut off from the world by sea. '" she could not be starved out. Not only have Germans boasted of this fact. but neutral correspondents sent . to Germany by British newspapers have admitted that Germany has enough 1 food to pull through till harvest, and her cultivated area has been vastly increased this year. She has ap propriated all the food products of Belgium and of the occupied parts of France, Poland and Courland. On the other hand, could Germany cut off communication by sea between Britain and the rest of -the world,, she would cause a limine in Britain, for that country draws the main part of its '' food supply from abroad. That Ger many is not starving Britain is due not to lack of will, but to lack of ability, as the statements of Von Tirpitz and the action of her sub marines show. These facts concern the United States mainly as enabling us to judge at their true worth Germany's pro fessed devotion to humanity and her Justification of the Lusitania mas sacre. The attack on the Lusitania without warning is excused by the statement that other British merchant ships have been armed and have rammed submarines, ' though the, charge that the Lusitania was, armed has been disproved and has been abandoned by Germany. The possl - bility that thousands- of Germans . might have been killed by the car tridges she carried is made the de fense for ltilling her passengers and crew, though no person has denied the right of Germany to seize the car tridges and to sink the ship provided she did not harm noncombaunts. The massacre was not necessary to save German lives. It was wanton and inexcusable murder. There la no evidence to support the statement that ""if the commander of the Ger man submarine which destroyed the Lusitania had caused the crew and passengers to take to the boats be fore firing- a. torpedo this would have meant the sure destruction of hi own vessel." Since that crime was com mitted, many ships slave been sunk after their crews had been given time to take to the- boats, and the sub marines have not been attacked. Germany's regard for humanity must be Judged by her acts, their de clared - purpose and their known effects, not by her distorted version of facts. Having: appraised It at Its true worth, the United States Government will be the less disposed to facilitate the ravages of her submarines by consenting to any restriction of our rights which Germany may presume to dictate. RIGHT TO TEACH TIIOVGH MARRIED. We very much doubt that the chil dren of the public schools will become adepts at throwing rice and old shoes because of woman's new equality as established by Judge Morrow in Mrs. Richards' case. It does not exactly accord with the notions of mostoung women to go home from the school room, take a husband and come back to work the next day. "Women as a rule have the home making instinct. It is hard to eradi cate, although It is sometimes done by long years of congenial employ ment. Here and there, too, one may be found who is so bound up In her art, career or profession that house hold tasks seem dull and common place. Again, there are cases where finances prohibit the realization of love's fond dream. To such as these the right to teach though married may prove -welcome. But in the long run we shall expect to witness practically little reduction in the traditional number of resignations yearly among school teaefcers for ro mantic reasons. : HCRTING THE CAITSE. If it could be proved that nagging women are successful in domestic life, we should be Inclined to believe that the Congressional Union is pursuing the proper methods In the campaign for National woman suffrage. The policies of the organization partake rather strongly of the stuff that so often makes homes unhappy. Much of its activities could not have been better devised If they had been In tended to defeat votes for women. The planned descent of the women of (he organization upon the capital next Winter Is .not an exception. Much of the opposition to equal suffrage among men would disappear if they could be convinced, as we have been convinced In Oregon, that women would accept political duties in a matter-of-fact, common-sense manner, and -not be induced to ways spectacu lar or unwomanly. Inopportune presentment of the is sue, untimely appearance of commit tees and Coxey army tactics tend to convince opponents that their fears concerning woman suffrage are Justi fied. Resort to militancy or direct action is perhaps the surest way to postpone National woman suffrage. , . IX THE INTEREST OF PEACE. At a meeting at Cartjegie Hall, New York, which Mr. Bryan "addressed on June 19, persons leaving the hall were handed by a woman the following pledge: I. being, over 1 years of age, hereby pledge myself against enlistment as a vol. unteer for any military or naval service in international war, and against giving my approval to sncn enlistment on the part of others. , This pledge was circulated by a committee, the chairman of which is John Haynes Holmes, pastor of the Unitarian Church of the Messiah, which became famous through the pastorate -of Rev. Robert Collyer, whose voice was ever raised on behalf of sturdy patriotism. In critical times like these no loyal citizen will take any pledge- which might prove an obstacle to doing his duty as a patriot, nor will any loyal citizen ask others to sign such a pledge. "The circulation and signing of an' anti-enlistment pledge Is trea sonable, because it sets the opinion of the individual above the fundamental law of the land, which is the will of the ruling majority. The Constitution recognizes war as a necessary means of National defense, but Mr. Holmes seeks to pledge citizens not to fight .when their country calls upon them. This pledge, though ostensibly aimed against war, is a direct incite ment to some aggressive nation to make war on this country. It pro motes that which it seeks to prevent. Such a nation, knowing that large numbers of men of military age ere binding themselves not to enlist, would be encouraged to violate the rights of this Nation and to commit acts , of wanton aggression -which would goad this country into war. That this is sound reason is proved by the recent change in the attitude of Germany. So long as Mr. Bryan was Secretary of State and was known to be an obstacle to adoption of any warlike measures by the Ad ministration, Germany showed no signs of yielding in any respect to President- Wilson's protests against outrages upon Americans at sea. No sooner did Mr. Bryan resign than a decided moderation was noticeable in the tone of German official and newspaper utterances. PANAMA CANAL'S FIRST YEAR. The Panama Canal started opera tion under the handicap of the wir as well as under that other handicap inseparable from new undertakings, but its earnings in the first year, from July 1. 1914, to July 1. 1915, exceed el expenses by about t224.000. the earr ings having been $4,424,306 and the cort of operation -and maintenance $4,200,000. This balance falls far short of paying Interest on the cost, which, at 3 per cent on $400,000,000. would be $12,00.000. but traltic win doubtless Increase this year, and when the war ends the estimate of $10.5X10. 000 a year made by Professor Emory R. Johnson for the first year may be reached or exceeded. The canal's showing Impresses on us one of the strongest objections to Governmnet ownership of those pub lic works which should pay their way. Had any private corporation Invested $4,000,000 and shown net earnings over cost of operation amounting to only $2240. g'.oora would have spread from the directors down to the small est stockholder, and there would have been talk of a receiver. The promot ers could not have raised the money without a better prospect than this. The canal can dig into the Treasury for interest on its bonds, but the rail roads, which In April had a net oper ating revenue of t6S.86e.046. had to begin by paying out of that sum 111. 106.959 for taxes, and the larger part of the remainder went for Interest on bonds. The canal was built as a matter of National policy, not with a view to Its earning Interest on Its cost from the start, but there la not the same de fense for other enterprises which the Government Is asked to undertake. The ability to collect taxes to pay for any scheme It adopts makes Congress unbusinesslike in adopting public work and it makes officials wasteful In managing them. The best safeguards for good Judgment and economy .are a hard-headed board of directors and the necessity of paying interest. TRANSFORMING THE CVRRENCY. Retirement of bond-secured cur rency by the Federal Reserve Board has begun and will be in full swing next year. The currency law gives the Board authority to compel the reserve banks to buy not more than J25.000.000 a year of (he 2 per cent bonds which are held to secure Na tional bank notes. The total of these bonds Is J601.000.000 and S135.000.000 of other Government bonds are used for the same purpose, but - the law does not require their purchase. The reserve banks' have already bought in the open market 17,601.000 of 2 per cent bonds and on January 1. 1916, will begin .buying the first 125.000,000 required -by law. They may either use the bonds to secure circulation of their own or may ex change them for one-year United Statea gold notes bearing- a per cent Interest or for 30-year United States gold bonds at the same rate, neither notes nor bonds bJng available to secure circulation. . This will be the beginning of the process by which currency will be divorced from bonds, after the two have been coupled together since the Civil War. That unnatural union has been largely responsible for the alter nate plethora and stringency of money which has been a moving cause of panics. The supply of currency being based on the supply of bonds Instead of on the needs of business, we have endured the anomaly of being able to get money when we did not need It and of not being able to get It when we did need it- - . The National bank notes are to be replaced by Federal reserve notes to be Issued by, the Government to reserve banks, the new notes to be secured by 40 per cent gold and their face value in commercial paper ac cepted for rediscount. This latter provision will cause the volume of the new currency to expand and contract in proportion to the needs of business, while the gold reserve requirement will guard against inflation. The process of transition from the old to the new currency, which has already begun. may be extended over twenty years, but It may be hastened, for National banks have the right af ter January 1, 1916, to retire their entire old-style circulation and to sell the bonds by which It Is secured to the Government. Probably long before the twenty years expire all National bank notes except those In the hoards of misers will have been retired. PROGRESS. K. S. Martin, the editor of Life, said the other day In an Interview that he was deeply impressed "with the changes caused by machinery." He referred to changes in our ways of thinking and living. Machinery, he added, "has produced Immense alterations in the conditions of life and the relations between people." He must have had in mind external con ditions merely and those relations which pertain to business, transporta tion and other superficial accidents of life. Machinery has not caused much spiritual alteration in us. It has not Improved the intelligence of the race a great deal nor made us any more moral and kindly than our ancestors were before the age of Invention be gan. Spiritually, It may be questioned whether we are Essentially different from people of the middle ages. Our sacred volume Is the same as theirs and we accept, or pretend to accept. substantially the same articles of b lief. The plain people Have the same unflinching faith in magic and sorcery that they had a thousand years ago. The law of cause and effect works rig orously in every piece of machinery, but the ordinary pesson has little con fidence that -it works anywhere else, He puts his trust by preference in in cantations of one sort or another. The realm of disease Is pervaded by this persistent trust In magic. Even a man as intelligent as . Mr Martin scouts scientific medicine. He uses the great power of his periodical to ridicule the experiments by aid of which the healing art has made all Its advances. The world Is full of lm posture posing as science and. In spite of popular education, it is a rare per son who knows the difference between the genuine and the false. The good In our religion dates back to the be ginnings of history. Machinery has made no alteration whatever In It Students of history doubt whether the modern man Is. upon the whole as intelligent as the ordinary Greek who walked the streets of Athens In the days of Pericles. His mind was quick to solve Its problems and meet Its emergencies. His mental resources were at least as ample and as ready to hand as those of Sherman's men on their march to the sea. and from all accounts that remarkable body of soldiers Just about touched the high water mark of pure Intelligence In the modern world. The soldiers now fighting in Europe give no particular signs of Intelligence. They obey or ders with strict fidelity and exemplary courage, but there appears to be some thing dumb and slavish In their obe dlence. Mr. Bevcrldge. In one of his war articles, described them as "look ing up to their officers with almost religious reverence and docility.' Sherman's men felt no religious awe of their officers and neither did the Athenians. It is quite likely that military drill carried to the European extreme .has blighted rather th stimulated the activity of the human mind. Nor can weeclalm any euperiorlty either In morals or kindliness over the ancient world. Our bad practices are different from theirs, but no leas bad Since machinery began to dominate human affairs there has probably been a distinct deterioration of our physical stamina. The average length of life has been extended, but tha may easily be misunderstood. The gain has been made by saving children from premature death. Adults do not on the average live as long or as hap pily ns they did before the era o machinery dawnfd. Fullness l done today on exactly the same principles as In the Rome of Augustus. Out laws of business have for the moat part dribbled down from Justinian's com1 pllatlons. The ethics of thinking have not altered since Cornno de Medici built up his business In Florence and his practices came directly from those of Home. Machinery has mado lltue change In this respect. The more we study the subject the more we shall be disposed to admit that the chansea In human affairs wrought by machin ery are almost wholly superficial. Man Is the same destructive animal he was two thousand yearn ago. His In ventions have not Increased hLa hap piness, but they have multiplied his capacity to slay his fellows. Candidly, what Is the principal use to which mJern machinery has been put? The submarine -docs not trans port food to the hungry". On the con trary' it sends to the bottom of the sea ships laden with wheat. Chem istry and physlea are not engaged In providing happiness for human beings but In exploding poisonous gases on the battlefield and making guns more deadly than before. Our American railroads still carry passengers and relght. but those of Europe have for saken this occupation and have little room for anything but guns and soldiers hurrying to scatter destruc tion. The most frightful phenomenon In the modern world Is man's per verted Inventiveness. .It Is tike an en gine running without a governor, or demon from xophet let loose to wreak havoc. Increase of machinery without a corresponding Increase of conscience and kindliness bids fair to plunge the world Into worse than bar barian darkness. If Forester Graves will trust fhe opinion of those who know about the timber in the Chugach National for est. Alaska, he will become less anx ious for Its continued reservation. . A witness told a Senate committee that he had used some of this timber for building and that rain went right through It. It seems to have as much merit as skunk cabbnge for ur-e ss lumber. so to Kansas for Ideas every time. Governor Capper's plan of celebrating his birthday by chartering all the movie houses and Inviting all the chil dren of the capital city has the nov elty of merit. Thieves appear to be getting Into the athlete's class. In Roseburg one lifted a sample stove weighing fifty pounds and here at home a man Is charged with stealing a ton of gasplpc. The strike of the Chicago union car penters has been settled on a ba.l that Is called a compromise, and the point Is that the men gel TO cents an hour, 10 cents more than last year. According to a New York Jury, one Boy Js worth more than two girls. But. with some personal knowledge on the subject, we aver that one girl coats more than two boys, anyway. Russia Is planning to keep the White Sea open later than customary by means of icebreakers, and that does not indicate that she expects the war to end this year. American ships are Increasing In number in splto of our seamen's law, thanks to the war. But the Increase wlH last only so long as the' war, or our present law. It might be a better plan for the Vatican to keep the palace grounds well lighted, that the Austrian Zeppe lins could avoid dropping bombs Into them. It Is predicted that In the future we will be educated by the movies. .We can already foresee the educational slogan "mathematics taught In six reels." Municipal ownership of woodyards does not prove such a great success as to encourage Portland to attempt mu nicipal ownership of anything else.. The United States Army might have some difficulty displaying a regiment superior to the Oregon command In camp near Seaside. Newbcrg will not -see the Liberty Bell, but It has Editor Bell all the time, whlcl: Is a heap more profitable to the community. Clcrmana, complaining that 1'rcnch mistreat prisoners, have begun re prisal. Pity the poor victims of this misguided passion. By the way. have you awakened yet to the fact that the most wonderful thing In all this world Is our on Co lumbia Highway? It Is a wonder the secret service guard did not kill the chauffeur who bumped the President's auto and In vestigate later. If Father Schoener's new plum tastes as sweet after it Is canned as It does before. It is Just what the world Is seeking. In addtlon to the world's greatest rose crop It will be noted that we raise the most wonderful sweet peas. We have not yet heard the opinion of the fish about the Intrusion of the submarine Into their domain. As a last measure, why not try a real ultimatum, with a time limit at tached, on those Mexicans? Once mdre Carranxa, may find easier to take Mexico City than hold It. The Liberty Bell may speak with a cracked voice, but it speaks true words. Turn out Thursday for that great American Institution, the Liberty Hell. Almost Irrf possible to resist the lure of mountains and seashore these days. Too bad Daniels can't be induce! to Join the Bryan vaudeville sketch. Local Shrlners sustained Portland's reputation for hospitality yesterday. Hide prices are being forced up. An other skin game. We aro now watchfully forcible action. raiting for Bryan has become a mere unpleas ant memory. It's now rortland. a lor.g. long way across The German aliunllon ls.tunlng up again. Twenty-Five Years Ago From The Ors-gonlsn of Jo:y 12. lJO. London. July 11. In the House of Lvrrt Lord Salisbury moved a e-ond reading of the bill iirovtdlr.g for a eva sion of Heligoland to tSermeny. Ttiough the Island had been serviceable during the war with Napoleon, he said It had stnre been unimportant and was wholly worthless for strategic purposes. Chief M or (ran. f the Fire Depart ment, said yesterday that, the depart ment is expected to occupy the engine house on Kourifi street by the firivi of AUBUi"t. The boys III hall the event with great Joy, for their present quar ters are dissKreeable and Inconvenient. Rain leaks through the holes in the tent, and they are obliged to sleep near the horses. Then it l slow getting out. as It la necessary to hitch tip by hand. All these troubles will be done away with In. the new building. Five architects submitted plana for the Chamber of Commerce building. They were I. Hodron. J r.. of Omaha. J. J'arklnson. of Seattle, and !-. re. Whl.ltlrn & Lewis, Mc-Can A Martin, and J. (iodard. of this city. The finance xm mlltee i--nt some time examining the plan yeerd.ty and adjourned un til 3 o'clock this afternoon, when they will probably come to a decision as to which to select. There Is considerable agitation among the local followers of Aescula pius on account of the forthcoming va cancy in the office of the county phy sician. Dr. C C Strong hns held the place for some time, but the satisfac tory character of his administration cuts" no figure In the minds of the horde of applicants for the position, each one of which no douM considers himself peculiarly btted . for the post and very a'Ie to take care of the $100 a year th-t the office pays. Dr. Strong's term expires August L Tbe little hl.uk bear presented to the City I'ark by Councilman Scoggln some weeks airo ia no more. Its carver as a ward and a pet of the rlty waa brief and Its end Very a-d. It died and was burled In the rapacious stomach of the large cinnamon bear. It Is the Ksme old story, "big fish eat little flan." only In this Instance It was a bear In stead of a fish. I'ark Officer Meyers lad the cub In the pit several days, and as the large bears seemed to b pleased with the Increase In the fam ily, and none f them even ventured to lay a paw crt It, he ioucht bis cubrh'.p waa perfectly safe. Hut one morning the cub via gone. Mr. Meyers looked high and low no bear. Taking a look at the other bears, he noticed an ab normal enlargement on one side of the body of the golliy looking cinnamon. This solved the mysterious disappear ance. Little I'ete (that was the rub's name) had been eaten for break fast, and as Mr. Meyers examined the floor of the pen more closely he found a few hanflfula ef hair, all that was left of i'ete. fpokane Falls Globe According to vital statistics more men than women die niin-jally. Other statistics aaaure us that more females than males are borrt. That ought to encourage the woman's right advocates. In the nat ural course of events nun must even tually disappear, leaving the female sex In exclusive possession of the csrlh. If the women will patiently bide their time they will be able to have everything their own way with out trouble. I'llllD JTAMIPIHXT OK RTTI.KR (lae Wke Ilea i.aae em Rsllrss4 I.aads Oeje-ts te l assie la Terema mt tira-l FOHTLAND. July XI. ITo the KJl tor.) I wish to lake lasue with those who. In discussing the railroad grant lands. ould leave the settler only skimmed milk. It Is claimed that no honest person will object to the endow ment of the Irreducible school fund from the standing timber on the forest land; no honest man can object to a process that will guarantee tht these Immensely valuable assets shall not be stolen or squandered. I am not. a thief or robber, but an honest tiller of the soil, and I lay claim to 10 acres of this O. & C. land when It Is ready for my occupancy. 1 do not want the btate of Oregon to take the most valuable asset of the land o:f It. I. being a poor m:tn. would then have no means of securing auffK-lenl fun.la to put that land In a tillable condition. If the actual settler en the land, with a pur chasing price of $:.&9 per acre, would be deprived of the timber, or any other aasct thereon, there would be left no incentive to go onto the land unless l e waa a person of great wealth, and such persons do not very often go onto l.ik-gcd-oft land and make a home thereon. It would be nothing but thievery for the rotate f Oregon even to accept. If tendered this land, and rob It of Its value and band the land to someone to clear It at an expense oi irera s.u to $-'00 per acre. If the Plate of Ore- in.-on Is to be benefited by this land- rent tiermon, in ray estiinawvu m" Is but one way that it can be accom- Pitched. The court decldee that the actual settler's clause la an enforceable cove nant. Some would ask that this law passed br Congress many years ago be rescinded. Let ue have this land according to the original Intention of tha arrant. Let the settler go on 10 acres of IU and If he cannot pay cash In full. Ut htm rr f" It In Install ments, for the security Is good: let him build up for tlmaelf a fortune. If need be; let him have whatever he finds on the land that God r"t thereon; he Is entitled to It: the state, companies or corporations have no right to It or any portion of It- They would have Just the a m right to go onte a man's wheat field and thresh the gtaln and hand him the straw for his many days of hard toll and expense of growing the crops. My enforcing the terms of the grant we win build up a vast, wealthy community In the vari ous aectlons wherein the land Is lo cated. This Is a case In which I claim the state Is an interested onlooker only, and has no Just claim to this land, or any eoulty whatover In It. I am in favor of Irreducible school funds, but I wish the fund to be cre ated honestly and righteously. These settlers will all pay taxes according to the laws of the state, and they should not be rohbed of any portion of their rroperty to create a fund for any purpose In the Interest of the public. It la the duty of our state officers to accept of the law as It la written and the grant as It la made, and Insist that our representatives In Congress favor a law whereby this land must be sold without further delay according to the spirit as n:l as the letter of the grant. All we need In addition to what we have In laws and regulations la to give the man who Is now and has been on the land first right to purchase this land which he has lived on and made Improvements on. He Is an actual set tler In a true sense and spirit. We have preference right, according to our public land lama, and the same should apply In this case. The old saying of f:rst come f.rat served would be a good policy to pt:r'ie In the way of applica tion for this land. If. E. BRONJON. 314 almon street. . raatlssi Itwbby. I'lttshurg Post. "Hubby, some ladies have asked me to Join the movement for beautifying our town." ' "Well 7" "And I'd like to Join" "And what's your Idea of beautifying our town? Gelling a new leather tor your bait MK.ROKS SOT OM.Y mOTESTAMI Jaate AadasaaasMl frefeeeee Hart ajeieleal a laa.saaa- Fllsa. PORTLAND. July 11 (To the Ldl- tor.) la The Oregor.lan July a letter appears defending Thomas Dixon's "Clansman." written by Ueorge W. Dixon In anawer to my protest against the "Mirth of a Nation Dim founded upon lhatnovcL Mr. Dixon says that "these societies of colored people could better defend the history and race characteristics of the negro by adopting different method. If the drama la a vicious misrepresen tation, why do they not calmly and dis passionately show wherein It la such. Instead of trying to secure Its suppres sion T First, the play was written by a white man and first to be protested against by a while man. The socle ty that la making fhe greatest nght against this Jlm, to- which Mr. Diavn referred ia not a "society of colored people. but a society of people of all J rices Th National Association for the Advancement of Colored J'eople." In which, we rtnd such prominent men and women as Mooreneld storey. Una. ton; Dr. J. K. tu'invem. New York; Dr. W. i;. It. Kullois. New York; Oswald Garrison Vlllar.l. editor of the N'w York Post; Miss May Chllds Ner ney. New Y"ork. oo the board of direc tors we find Jane Addama, Chicago: John K. Milholland. New York; Mr. Florence Kelly. New fork; Charles Kd ward Itussel. New York; John U. fnder- mii. New lork; William Lnglish Wal ling. New York, and many more 1 could mention. The "Clansman.- Mr. Dixon says. "Is an historical production of over half a century ago.- and that it Is not even exaggerated, "to say nothing of false representation. he add.i. I can better answer the above statements concern ing its historical value by quoting In part Albert Hu.hnell Hart, professor of American history of Harvard Uni versity, and Jane Addama. a woman of National fame. Mr. Hart says: This show does not give a true lmpresia. "'"" o' anle-t..um perlud. me t. il wsr or the reoe-netrtreiioa, it contains u. I"HmK s.eaosra upon sums Northers ir.men and ur-on the I ailed Mates Army F.r)t.uiT aco.. thai ( laborers In fac tories and workshops then worked from lj t 14 hours per csr and sisves sorely d:4 bm have a better time. If Thomas 1:jh la ar. of the 4-"U volumes hicb Me boaala of leaj-'"S- can point to a alr g.e authentic c .r. i.m-r-.rarv statement that on any p.antalloa. in any s eve state, tho rusr ..i!ni boars "" ten a dsv I elll c.rr-.:; a.tmit that ,n-w one a;s-.onrsi trutn In the le-e. It is an ir.aj.i to ('resident Joknxan. to the ""-retary of War and ti eety comman4ie t.ereral. oClt.r sad so:d'.er in ln irn.r of th Kouth. te Ua4 poop; to t.:ioie ir-at trie I'r.lted e;ates of Amertre waa the remoree. lees tool of Bvgro adventurers. dlre--leo. br Northern haters or the b-autbera peop;e. T ! raoet brutal a eg rose are rent-d t ou tn the flcturee: rnea of tjie earns I po mm Color.el so;diera. pictured In thai n.scnf.cei rnoaomeut ol posts rhe tato hoaoe. are presented to you as unworthy of thetr uniforms: The wearers of the t-lee weie aof m'i saints, but m.t of them were shite ar.d sut;ect to cout tenart.a. . As a maker of a book f,r moving f. Inures. Mr. bltos Is highly suorewsfu:; if he wou.d onlr leae the luM and Itie pssalon out. h'-s how would bo worth seeing. As an'hie tr an. he har.lly Invites d.tsent. SoUov wl.l lel.tve. r.J. hecsuse he as so, that ThtdJrtf rteer.s threat-red to har.g AD o'ew Jt-hr.son from the r-e:cnny of ii-.e White louse; or tl-.at ho set up flea ade te be dictator. probably nobtHlr In the oorla ev -cert lton believes that all the laws n-.a.te b the re-ontru-tion legislator v.f ti.e South were drafted by the Kreedmeo s iiureau, Jane Addams. In speaking of Its his torical value, says: One of the most unfortunate things about lh;s f'.lm Is that it appeals to rare prejudice upon the Lsais ef cond'.tlrirs of half a cen tury ago, whlrh have nothing te do with facts we bete to consider toder. The pro. uer seems to have followed the princ-l le of gathering the raoat vlclot and ro teecjue ln.1t ;.1ua.a he could find among I no eo..red people and showing I hem aa rrrre ear.!atlve of the race The asms met rod r-ould be fo. lowed te imlnb the reputation of any race. Mr. Dixon further states that the t!av does not seek to secure hostile legisla tion against the colored American. If It does not seek that, then what Is the object of this show 7 Why should a man like Sr. iiiun, against whose pri vate life1 nothing can be said, spend a lifetime sowing firebrand through out his country? Why Is a colored man a colored soldier pictured as the one who commits the nameless crime on an innocent white girl the Incident toward which the whole show leads ud? What does It all mean If not to create senti ment against the colored American? We cannot be absolutely positive of his motives, but the effects are perfeclly clrar. whether they are Intended or otherwise. The "lilrth of a Nation." like the novels. "The Clansman. upon which It Is founded; "The Leopard Spots," and "The Traitor." Inculcate a gospel of bnte toward the colored race. MK.H. EDW. M, CANNADT. BIO K. Twenty-alxtb street North. rofior.R ai.o hati: i..trEs Aa eVsw I Herat wre. the Sowre-e Iswee et I wear Trse Wwr-t b. PORTLAND, July 9. (To the Edi tor.) Referring to your Judicious edi torial July f on "Good Muslo end B I take the liberty of submitting a few additional remarks. There la a great deal of convention alism In music too much for common sens- Many people pretend to find beauty In some Insignificant or un comprehensl ve compositions In order to appear superior to others who do not -understand." The proof or this asser tion lies In the fact that some modern musical works praised very highly at one lime by leaders of classical music have been Ignored some years later bv theae same people, showing therefore the fad or conventionality of their first Judgment. Another observation Is that, refer ring to works of even uncontested past musical masters, criticism la hardly ad milted for any part of their composi tion a. To the "pure" everything that they have written la "sublime" and must be considered so by everybody, while in fact some of their writings ir sublime, some beautiful, some pret ty, some poor. Insignificant or lengthy, but it would be heresy or ignorance to admit It In music, aa In literature, human mlnda show weakness at times j-ome great wriiere have written some poor book a. which are discarded or Ignored. Why should not ft be the same In music Wht we need In music, as In any other art or science. Is love of truth and good sense In our Judgment, and II la too often larking. To use the terms of Josef llofmsnn. "fugue, sonata, symphony, what you wl.l. musical milking." even substan tiated by a long and laborious synop sis describing Imaginatively from the musle the whisper of the winds, the murmur of the brook, the little birds, the sorrow or happiness of the lonely milkmaid, will never lake the rise's of the selected, rlassial or not classical, melodies which the common people de mand to aatlsfy their musical wants according to their plain common sense. It Is no mstery that many listeners of -high-brow music" fall completely to find any charm In It. but It goes with let "tune." and the "tone." and It would not do to confess to a lack of appreclaife-n. FIDDLE. xntaewverlavat Year Olaews FTteade. David Grayson, writing Ms story -HempneW in the July American Masaslne. eavai "It la a curious thlr.g how people surprise ua. In our vanity we begin te think we know them to the uttermost, and then one day. possibly by accident, possibly In a moment of emotion, a lit tle secret door springs open In the smooth panel of their visible lives, and we see within a lor.s. long corridor with other doors and rsaeaKe or-vtiliig away from It In every direct (on the vast secret chambers of their Uvea," Half a Century Ago Krom The Oreg.ii.ian of J -air lr. lUflX New York. June I. A r.o'e from' Crus W. Field, oaled lAin.lcn. June 1 r. itatea that the Ureal lleMern will probably sail from there on July s and from Valencia about July 10. All Is to.rtc on satisfactorily. The greatest confidence Is enter:: Incd that the ca ble will be successfully lai.l. The musicians of the city vesterd .y turned out to altend the funeral of Mr. Patrick Quir.h. from the I.moc-ln U"ie. in respect to his bavlni; been a miiicl man. The procession w.is vrcr-rli-d ,y a braiis hand of about 2 S j. t o.-, pil ing gome of the most rolemr n-.trihr. A telegram has been rooixrj at Fort Vancouver from Ss-. rr -netto, which statea that the Military Di.ir .-t of Oregon has been chanced lr.t t -Department of the Columbia." and th:t General Oeorge Wright, who lor.g com manded here, has been assigned to thu department with headquarters at Van couver. , The people of tlx. Houi? were so ter ribly bitten by the Confederate paper money that In many towns they am till somewhat shy of taking green backs. Insisting upon hard cash In pay ment for their commoditlea. They will soon get over this little prejudice. New Tork. 'June I. Tod.iy. for the first time In four years, direct over land communication with I'.lchmond Is to be had. The old railroad route with connecting links. e'ean.boata ami stages, being opened. We learn that the Fourth was cele brated In grand s:!e at Canyon City. Our Informant sas that such a cele bration would never have been expect ed at the place which waa the seat of the enrollment rebellion. The rebel of that place as well as elsewhere seem to be pretty thoroughly subju gated. Juiige Hill, formerly of this city, de livered the oration of the occasion. T.e celebration was a moi enthu siastic one through, ut. The people of Canyon City have reason t .- rejoice on account of the growth of National sen timent In that once somewhat dllo)al community. The Hudson's Ray Compsny have es tablished a trading poet f-r to t'-.e In terior, on the Columbia l.lver. whlrh Is called fori heppard. The new post is calculate I as a uply point f.r the mining regions late'y discovered in the vicinity of Ileal Kncampment. and also the ret Ion of Kooter.sl. Thev are row encaged In forwarding goods to the pot by the boats of the t. N. Com pany on the Columbia. Ha l the "lllil or fight" policy been adi-ered t .. and we could have maintained the northern bound-try against the o.ld of the lone star acr-tumion of tcrrtn-y tor the benefit ef the sunny Fju'.h. the locality of this tort would have l!ln within the lines of free Amerlcs. an.l our peo ple would have reaped the t-eneflta of its etaMlshmert. As It l. it comes Just above the 4Mb parallel. om: roir ox ximrii all Af.nr.n Law 4 (Iraat Mkwwle Re Threw w Osrs fe Aelwal s-etflera rsmtl);, ItmTl-AND. July 11 (To the Ldl- tor.) Recently In a communication to The Orrgouian the writer made a sug gestion that In the disposition cf the grant lands they be divided into three classes, namely, the agricultural, the timber and the mineral lands. In the past few days there hae been pub lished many similar or diverging opin ions on the stibject. There is one point, however, on which nearly everyone serins to agree: The lands In question should be thrown open to actual set tlers as speedily as possible under the most advantageoua conditions possible for rapid development. Hut who shall disposal of It the Government, the state or the railroad? How sliall it be done? At what price shall it be sold? Who shall be benefited thereby? These are questions now- agitalinc (he public mind. M, J. Anderson. In an article July 10, declares thai any attempt t claesify the grant lands would be wholly un desirable at the present time. "1 ho cla.-slnaatlon, ff provided for. would be in the bands of ao-callod technical men. most of whom lack practical experi ence In fanning, and a majority, either through tha nature of their college training Federal bureau con ne-c Loos, or an exaggerated Idea of the importance of conservation, are totally untitled for the work. Assuming that Congress w ill, b -so m i arrangement, open the so lands for set tlement not long after It convenes, it would be the height of folly t ' go blindly ahead and sell Ih.-se lands re gardless of their adaptability for farm ing purposes, regaruless of the heavily timbered areas, regardless .f the va; mineral resources reposed within them. To be sure. In making a report of thes- lands Government experts, or "tecl.nlca. men." aa Mr. Andt-rson terms them, nU;ht make a few mistakes In their proper classification, but would that not be much better thn t. disregard altogether the suitability of the land for farming, lumbering or mining? I believe it ia better to be near right than wholly w-rong. even though per fection cannot be Immediately attained. It must be understood, however, that the writer made this suggestion of ciasMn.etton only on the supposition that the lands were to be thrown open lo immediate settlement, which we tak for granted that Congress experts So do when It meets next December. 1'nder these circumstances I wished merely to cmphasiie the fact that some distinc tion should be made as for what they are most xaluablev Our friend suggests that Congress "leave Ihetn open for at least r.ve yeara and let th man with calloused places on his hands from contact with the ax and th plow classify tbenv Give thn prospector a chance to classify the min eral lands of Southern free on Instead of some Government freak with yellow leggings and a toy pick. Leave these lands open for five years wuh a reason able law for thc!Y settlement, and the non-agricultural land will be still va cant." It Is here that I fully agree with Mr. Anderson If Concrete deema It wis In do such a thing. If this were done. In five years mature wo ild read ily adjust themselves. Settlers would flock In upon th agricultural lands and begin a ee4 development of them; an Impetus would be given to prospect. Ing. the mines would be opened up and th state's output of gold arid other metals materially Increased. If. however, aa the general ronsensue of opinion Indicates, an Immedfet sale of th land la declared. I still believe some provision should be msd for their proper claae-flc-atlon. V VITRN'ON. Things Forgotten Isn't It aggravating just at th last minute to find you have forgotten eorr needful article for your Vacation trip? Rut In these days of service It Is bsppl'y an error easily remedied. ciiance through the advertis ing In this newspaper and de cide where Is the best plac to get It. Then take down your tele phone and give your order. Two or three minutes' time set the wheels In motion lcvfk.1 your ants. In the minutes when oulck de risions lave lo be made, news paper advertising Is a m.ghty helpful friend.