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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 31, 1914)
THE MORXIXG OREGONIAN, MONDAY, AUGUST 31, 1914. 6 PORTLAND. OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregcn. Postofflcs Second-class matter. . Subscription Ralea Invariably In Advance (By Mall) Daily. Sunday Included, one year -J - Ui!!y. Sunday Included, six montha Dally. Sunday Included three months. . a.o Ls.ly. Sunday Included, one month Dei.y. without Sunday, one year Dally, without 6unday. elx monthe D:iy, without Sunday, three month!.. . ' Dally, without Sunday, one month Weakly, one jeer HS bunday. one year tu aunday and Weekly, one year BY CARRIER) Daily. Sunday Included, one year. IMJ Daily. Sunday Included, one month M :o Keznit Send Poetofflee money or der, express order or pereonal check on your local bank- Stamps, coin or currency are at sender's risk. Otve Postofflce address In HI. sarla-tlni' county and atate. Postace Rates 12 to It pages. 1 cent; IS to Z2 pages. 2 cente. 24 to 48 page. cents, to to 60 pages. 4 centa; 61 to 76 pages, o -cer.ti: 78 tc 82 pages, 6 cents. Foreign post age, double ratea w Lastern Bumum Offices Verres A cnV Ha, Xtw York, Brunswick building. Chi cago. Steger building. ban Francisco Oltice R- J. Bidwell Co.. Wi Market street. l'OKTLVJU, MONDAY. AUGUST 31, 1811. FACIN'0 THE PIBINti lAOOt What manner 'of man Is it that runs with seeming abandon and In difference into the midst of hissing missiles and bursting shells where death confronts in a dozen forms and : other men are falling about him with i mingled cries and curses? He is a very prevalent order of individual in Europe these stormy days. Reading almost daily of mad charges in which hundreds are mown dawn, of desper I ate advances wherein infantrymen charge into the face of artillery posi tions, we are naturally led to specu late on the qualities that enter into the makeup of such men and the emotions that control them in the pur suit of their grim profession. The psychology of the soldier in . battle has been made the subject of wide inquiry. Unfortunately for the average reader the broader investiga- tions have been made by French mili tary experts and their writings have never been translated into English. Soldiers of other nations have gone into the subject for their own infor mation, but have not seen fit to re duce their findings to print. Balch, the eminent German authority, in his comprehensive work on tactics, does not see fit to devote more than a brief chapter to the subject, and in this he persists in being technical. Courage has been described as the most plentiful thing an average army has. It is everywhere in evidence. Yet military men know that it is not a. spontaneous quality that flows from the soul of a species of superman and enables him to turn up his nose at death. He feels fear, tremendous, rending, soul-wracking fear, does this brave soldier as lie goes into action. But he has been trained to master "this fear. Fear of doing .a cowardly thing presents itself to his mind as something even more ghastly than the chances of combat. Supporting this is the esprit, the military spirit, the harsh discipline that have been a part of his environment for so long a time that they grip him firmly. Added to these things, of course, he must have abundant health and a perfect nerv ous system. A man deficient in these regards might run in spite of himself at the first volley. It Is amazing how quickly this spirit seizes men, particu larly young men, and how broad a control it assumes over them. With newly-organized volunteers and raw levies, of course, the military spirit is lacking and far less depend ence can be placed in them. It is only when the example of seasoned troops is before them and they are well led that raw troops are effective. They may run at first, and display weakness in the face of light fire until they have been whipped into shape and the thing of discipline has gotten into their blood. Officers must set the example and keep a firm grip on the reins of dis cipline even with steadfast troops and for that reason the development of the military spirit must be more care fully cultivated in the officer. Not only must he preserve a serene front, no matter how badly his knees may quake, but he must have use of his mind for the purpose of directing his men. He must face the same danger as they and at the same time remain conscious of his responsibilities. Be ing a cultivated individual, as a rule, such considerations as racial hatred miv not stir his soul in the height of battle. With the officer it is a matter of having mastered himself and living up to those qualities of high courage and leadership with which the men invest him, if he is a successful commander of even a small unit. Behind it all the officer realizes very fully that death would be a pleasant diversion compared with the disgrace of flinching in the face of the enemy. Going into battle is generally ad mitted to be a trying ordeal for even the most perfectly experienced troops. The men. In moving Into the zone of fire, naturally mutt resist the deepest instinct of self-preservation. There after they become subject to varying waves of emotion. It may be that they have been developed to a point of military sternness wherein they will move ahead in the face of the most galling losses. Splendid examples of this sort have been shown by the Ger man first line in the Belgian and French campaigns of the past few weeks. These men were not fearless. They were merely superior to their Tear, thanks, very largely, to long and rigorous military training. Or it may be that, after moving ahead, gripped by trepidation, they jire cheered by the breaking of the enemy. The danger is lessened. The lust of possible victory seizes them and in the heat of battle fear may all but vanish. Or, meeting heavy re verses, they may xeach the limit be yond which fear cannot be mastered. The demon of destruction may loom on every hand until they are over tome by the desire to live. Then may follow the insanity of fear that ex presses itself in a rout. Reason abandons them and they are seized by excesses of imagination. The line melts away into a crowd and the crowd strikes panic-stricken to the rear. Leaving the zone of crushing peril they emerge, as from a stupor, into sensible human beings again, and shamefacedly reform, perhaps to return at once to the fray. Wurs are full of such Incidents. Doubtless such things are now of daily occurrence, al though reports of them could hardly he expected to get by the censors. For that matter they should not get by, being mere waverings which emphasize the fact that the soldier is quite human. It is recorded that the German Gen eral, Von Kessel, paused to Jot down his impressions of the men engaged at St. Privat. saying of them: "The men appear to be either extraordi narily excited or stupefied. Their faces are distorted and only a few still retain firm will power." At the battle of Worth the French General, Bonnal, noted his impres sions of seasoned troops suddenly brought under shell fire. Jesting ceased, faces became set and pale. Smokers lost their desire for tobacco. The men, forced for the time to re main inactive, centered their eyes upon their officers, who made desper ate efforts to appear compretely at ease. Only a tew were entirely calm as if no danger were present. Later, as the troops advanced successfully, these symptoms disappeared and they were held under perfect control. As showing the moral effect of pre It Is noted by tacticians that an aver age sharpshooter will make some 2 84 hits an hour under normal circum stances. Subject him to a return fire and his hitting capacity is reduced to from three to seven hits; which emphasizes the necessity of Keeping all points of a hostile firing line under fire. Plainly enough men face death in battle not with calm courage, but in spite of their fear. LET GRAND Jl RY INVESTIGATi:. The report filed by the commit tee appointed by the Taxpayers' and Nonpartisan leagues to inquire into county affairs is -not wholly satisfac tory, but it Is as nearly so as could be expected from a committee which v.-, ontiinritv in comDel at tendance of witnesses or possess funds with which to employ accouiiuiiiLB. t omnin ATti9vD ff;i (i f. and need less purchases of insect exterminator are revealed by the report, but re sponsibility is not established except remotely in the napnazara memouo by which the county business is con ducted. The report does, however, point out ways for improvements in, behalf of the public's pocketbook. Adoption of .v..-. u nf nrncednre alreadv Dre- pared and paid for. and a better co operation among the memDers oi un Tinar n( frvnntv f 'ommissioners are essential. Boyish animosities and an tiquated methods or doing Dusiness have no place in county affairs. -d.. nt av-An trr&nt ininortance is oui .-.-. o - a . - itwt n tVio construction Of the County Courthouse. The committee was wholly blocked in its quest iur infnrmitinn It was unable to find record authority for extra work on the Courthouse contract, and the archi tects refused to recognize the com mittee or appear before it. The atti- th architects is not credit able to a firm that has performed a . . l - great amount oi pudhc wuis.. Courthouse is a public building. It is owned and has been paid for by the . n nr 1 A Thfl nAAnlp Vl fl V I O. right tO know the reasons and the authority for changes tnat cost mem mui .- TVm .nmmiltPP nnsmfiTPll in .n'M.'v- it, wi " " the investigation was not a group of busybodies but a Douy represemauvc of the people. It was entitled to the Information It sought and should have had it. There is but one logical course now to pursue. It is to provide an official investigation of Courthouse construc- v... ct, frr:ind 1urv or some other body having authority to sub poena witnesses and compel the sub mission of books and records. ASTONISHING PRODIGALITY. Tt is small wonder that the Dem ocratic press in Oregon has been en deavoring to divert public interest from the real issue of the campaign high cost of government to such Hariri und eOTlo issues as Chinese ex clusion and assemblyism and 'to sug gested amendments not before the people, such as the item veto. The hpst wav to Judge a canuiuaie for office is by his public record. That stands above and dominates over any nrinkg or nledees he may make. Dr. C. J. Smith has in word chosen Gov ernor West and Governor Chamber loin u hi models. He has condemned legislative logrolling and approved their vetoes of appropriations, prom ising to follow in their footsteps. Yet Dr. Smith was in the Legisla ture when Mr. Chamberlain was Gov-nnT- Ha vntert for two-thirds of the appropriation bills, for the veto of which he now gives uovernor 1.11am hAriin nralsc. When the vote was roistered on four others he was ab sent. He was with Governor Cham- hprlnin in his oursuit of legislative economy on only four out of twenty- rour measures, ir Governor uram herlain was wholly right, Dr. Smith was rive-sixths wrong. But had Dr. Smith exnioucu less nrndiralirv nn other measures his rec ord might still be available for cam paign purposes. But he did not. ine list nf annrooriation bills for which he voted in four sessions of the Leg islature has been painstakingly pre .. . .; from trip- records at Salem. It was published in The Oregonian Sunday. This list reveals that Dr. smitn, in me fnitr sossinns o t the Legislature in which he sat, voted for 181 appropri ation bills and voted against oniy imr ton Moreover, there is evidence pro vided in the list that he engaged in logrolling and vote-trading, wnicn ne now condemns. The moralizing of Dr. Smith the candidate and the deeds of Dr. Smith the legislator bear an astonishing di vergence. It is certainly good politics from the Democratic standpoint to subordinate the economy issue if it be possible. A HARSH CENSORSHIP. We have been somewhat irritated by the heavy censorship that hangs like a pall over the military opera tions in Europe. The sole annoyance" to Americans 1b that a detailed and immediate view of the vast struggle Is thereby obscured and we are left in darkness of the progress rrom hour to hour in many sections or the huge areha. But if the censorship is galling to Americans, who are mere spectators, think what tt must mean to the people of Europe. Censorship as applied by the sev eral nations at war Is not directed solely at press correspondents. The object is to keep everyone in dark ness, to prevent any leak as to the distributions and movements of troops. To attain this end the location of all units is held a total secret. Relatives ot soldiers do not know whether they have fought In this battle or that one. In writing to the front they merely address the letter to the War Office, whence it is rorwarded. No letters home describing the horrors or war; no reading on the bulletin boards that this regiment or that distinguished itself: such disclosures might be seized by civilian spies and put to valuable use. The name of an of ficer or man might reveal the where abouts of his regiment, which might prove a valuable bit of Information in hostile hands. 80 the fathers and mothers and wives and sisters and brothers of Europe know not from day to day whether their loved ones are on the firing line or at some distant point in reserve. The only message they can hope for is one they pray never to receive -a brief missive from the War Office advising them that their kin has fallen on the "field of honor." Yet the people of England, whose soldiers are fighting desperately on foreign soil, accept this censorship uncomplainingly and sensibly. It is cruel but it is ,a necessity of the great struggle. SUPPOSE. Will the very statistical Oresonlan please answer this? If the price of sugar has been advanced two cents a pound by the war because we do not produce enoush to supply the home market, how high would sugar have irone if the tariff had been left on it. and who would be benefitted by the Increased price? Salem Capital-Journal. The game of suppose is always Interesting, but never very conclusive. It is well enough to recall that The Oregonian has uniformly approved a very low tarriff or no tarifr on sugar, for the reason that the United States as a whole is not' a sugar-producing country, and it is a sugar-using coun try. The interest of the consumer seems to us, therefore, to be entitled to first consideration. But Is it not obvious, nevertheless, that if by a system of protection the manufacture of sugar had been en couraged and the output of American refineries had become large they would have fully supplied the Amer ican market in this war emergency? We are led to suppose, in that case, with the foreign markets for American sugar cut ofr by the war and the do mestic market being required to take the whole sugar product, that the price would have been stable. INCOME TAX RESULTS. Results or the first year's operation or the individual income tax shows a wide gap between expectation and fulfillment. On the smaller classes of incomes the tax came nearer earls estimates than on the larger; in ract, the degree to which estimates have been talsified by facts increases as incomes grow larger. On incomes under J20.000 the yield was $12,728,000, against an estimate or a little more than J13,000,000. Incomes between $20,000 and $50, 000 yield $2,931,754, estimate $12,000, 000." Incomes between $50,000 and $100, 000 yield $3,000,000; estimate $11, 560,000. Incomes between $100,000 and $250,000 yield $3,835,948, estimate $12,000,000. Incomes between $250,000 and $500,000 vield $2,334,582 and those above $500,000 yield $3,437,850, against an estimate or $16,000,000 ror all above $250,000. The Internal Revenue Bureau re ports a total of $71,381,274 tor what it calls Income tax tor the ten months ending June 30. but it includes under this head the corporation excise tax of $10,671,077, corporation income tax of $32,456,662 and individual in come tax of $28,253,534. After due allowance for the ract that the report Is for only ten months, the results have still fallen far short of expec tation. The disappointment is apparently due to grave error in estimating the tax on individual incomes, particularly as to the largest. These are derived chiefly from corporate holdings, which are separately taxed and which are therefore exempt from the individual tax By levving a flat tax of 1 per cent on corporate profits Congress has exempted nearly all of the very indi vidual incomes which it sought to reach with the graduated tax. If it wishes to follow out the principle un derlying every income tax, it will need to find some means of applying the graduated tax to corporate incomes. Naturally the financial centers are raising the cry of discrimination, be cause New York pays nearly $10,000, 000 of the $4 3,000,000 of corporation taxes and $12,522,797 of the $28,253, 534 of individual income tax, and be cause that state, Pennsylvania and Illinois combined pay more than hair the tax of all three classes. But the purpose of the law was to tax wealth n proportion to the holdings. Since those three states have about half the wealth, they must pay hair tne tax. is too late to complain of this effect, since the Nation has adopted the principle. WAR AND FREE TRADE. The European war has revealed one serious flaw in the argument for tree trade The leaders in the tree-trade movement lay down the principle that every man should be Tree to buy where he can buy the best article at the lowest price, regardless of what country he buys in, and that all tariff duties are economically unsound as an obstruction to this treedom. Al though we have not rree trade, we .ave been buying in several of the bel ligerent .countries commodities which are essential to our industries. The war has shut oft our supply of these commodities and may cause many factories to be closed until we can develop a new source of supply, either at home or in some neutral country. The only sate course for any nation such as this, which is capable or pro ducing almost every necessity and many luxuries, is to produce all Its materials within its own borders. Then our industries can go on unhin dered by the quarrels ot our neigh bors. We have permitted some or our resources to He dormant because we could buy more cheaply abroad. Now that we need their product, we can not get it anywhere, either at home or abroad. In the light of present events, it would seem to have been wiser to develop these resources. Had the cost of the product been higher than that of the imported article, we could have considered the difference insurance against the risk of war. Such insur ance might have proved cheap at the price. That Cobden and Bright knew war to be an obstacle to free trade is proved by their advocacy of interna tional peace and arbitration, both be fore and after the adoption of free trade In England. Cobden's opposi tion to war was inspired as much by the obstacle it proves to commerce as by its inherent barbarity and waste, and one of his strongest arguments for free trade was that, by promoting commerce among nations, it would advance the era or peace. To the extent to which we have de pended on roreign countries for the supply ot some commodities, we have been trying Cobden's theory. We are paying the penalty of our mistake in the injury done by the war to our in dustries. Assuming that the free trade theory is sound in other re spects, It cannot saTely be applied to this country while the danger of war constantly hangs over us. Wars have been as numerous in Europe since Cobden's death as during his life and have culminated in the present cata clysmic struggle. There is no present prospect that they will become less frequent. The only course open to us, therefore, is to become as far -as possible sufficient unto ourselves by adopting that fiscal policy which will stimulate production of every material existing in the raw state within our borders. Then, so far as our indus tries are concerned, we can be indir rerent to Europe's wars. HORSES VERSUS MACHINES. For some time past we have been hearing that the days of the horse are niimhered that man's mechanical in genuity is serving to render the four- footed servitor obsolete. Auioraooiua and other devices have been reducing the horse's sphere of activity greatly, giving color to the belief that we mm 1 .klA . . . r-. . r . ' . , T- C snouia eventually ue auic &-- vefy nicely without our ancient friend and helpmate. Yet it is now piam that man will have to do away with the barbarous pastime of warfare be fore he can think of discarding his equine assistant. The value of the horse in monern warfare has been displayed already in the stirring Franco-German cam paigns. The fact will become more anmrsnt as the scrimmage develops. 'Take away their horses and it is sare to say that the German advance wuuiu cease forthwith. Remove their horses and the European armies would be left in a sad way with nothing more to fall back upon than their mechani cal devices. Despite all we have heard about the aeroplane, the fact has cropped out already that the horse provides the armies with eyes. While the fly ing machine may be of use in locat ing great general troop movements, it is of no use in local reconnoissance. It still remains for the horsemen to gallop up and get in communication with an enemy who may be complete ly hidden to the birdman's view.' It Is the horsemen who must screen tlv; field forces, must patrol the roads, sweep aside small detachments which, otherwise, might cause an unnecessarily large deployment and waste valuable time. It is the cav alrymen who must do the distant pa trolling, seek out the best foraging points and draw ofr to guard the in rantry flanks once a column has spread itself out Into action. Thus rar It is safe to say that the German Uhlans, or cavalrymen, have rendered more valuable service than all the airmen in the empire. Much of the success in Belgium has depend ed upon their rapid and determined reconnoissance at points where both the automobile and the airship would have been but a pretty toy. Added to these things is the value of the horse In drawing supply trains. There are many roads which military trains must follow where the automobile would be of no value. In short the horse is an invaluable asset to the fighting man and it Is assured that fv,e hnrse will never eo Into the dis card until war is also in the scrap- heap. Mr. Daly's plan to lower water rates will meet with approval by consumers, iv.no-v, the decrease cannot be large. The cost to the householder now Is fairly low. Reduction in tne price ui water for sprinkling would meet with better reception, and with it might be joined the rule of alternate days now temporary in effect. People use too much for that purpose as it is. Grass is not an aquatic growth. At last Governor Stewart, of Monta na, Is doing what he should have done when the Butte disturbances broke out he is sending the militia. He should have known that men like the Butte dynamiters become peaceable only on their own terms, which are that they have their own way. The simplest way to dispose of the belligerents' charges of barbarity is to believe them all. When nations fight they soon forget The Hague and Gene va conventions and do not stop short of mayhem. This is no contest for points, It is a finish fight without rules. Retirement of A. H. Harris from the management of the Portland La bor Press is loss to that paper. His course was conservative and sound and he made the paper different from the usual run of class publications. Only a lazy person will eat un washed fruit and acquire illness caused by spray; always excepting the small boy, who can eat anything and not be feazed. The two Emperors are early In dec orating each other for victories won by their subjects. Later, however, might be too late. A fire entailing loss or $100,000, while distressing, will not affect seri ously a city with the "go ahead" of The Dalles. Perhaps Uncle Sam would better go abroad and chase home all those lag gard Americans. The good ship Friendship seems to have been sunk by some nation's con tact mine. John Barrett says the Canal is all right. Colonel Goethals will appre ciate this. "Showers; wind becoming souther ly." Do not be discouraged, Mr. Beals. Something new for "Bobs Bahadur" to be pessimistic. Two big bets: "On to Paris" and "On to Berlin." The British lost no time In the South Seas The array of hoppickers is mobiliz ing. On to Berlinsky! Pay taxes today. 92 Talks Twice aa Much a VI. PORTLAND. Aug. 30. (To the Edi tor.) Referring to Mr. Cherry's letter in The Oregonian and basing reasons on the well-known conversational abil ity of money and the sexes, why should Irvin S. Cobb, or, for that matter, why should anybody, wonder that a $2 bill be known in some circles as a "she note," and one of the $1 denomination as a "he note?" OL' DOC BUNK. Complaint From a Grouch. Atchison Globe. You have frequently heard some lazy lout complain because Eve wished the apple on Adam. And now a chronic kicker complains because Noah didn't swat the flies when the supply was limited. HOW DID YOU SPEND ITf IS ASKED Corollary Is Offered o Inqolrr "Where Did You Get Itr" PonTi.A vn Auir. 30. 1T0 the Edi- t.,- in n hnroic effort to direct the attention of the people of Ore gon from the real issue 01 me pending campaign, to-wit, the effect upon their business of applying the Democratic doctrine which demands the rmht to "buv where you can buy the cheapest," the Chamberlain papers are exploiting the inquiry of an Albany newspaper of Senator Booth, "Where did you get it?" referring to his pri vate fortune. t.. m. Willamette Vallev editor has uniquely met the absurdity and im pudence o tnis attempt 10 ovav. : ..a tn wKnt hns paused the do - prevailing business stagnation by sug gesting that if it is a matter ui Be.ic.. uii . - a o to Kiiw u candidate PUUUC 0.0 has made his money, it is of equal im portance that publicity should be given as to how he has spent his money, and the demand is now rapiuiy an "evening up" or the matter, pro vided that time is to be wasted upon , ii 1 v.t since Mr. Chamber- II Uk Ull, 111m . .. lain has been in office during nearly all ot his 40 years' residence In Oregon, al ways at a good salary, the public should require of him a detailed statement as to how he has spent nis money, ton eluding, with apparent good judgment, that it is of at least equal Importance to know how a man spends his money as to how he made It. . , : nt tHia .!- q m r t pr noolieu J. Bliuniufa in . - - to both Mr. Booth and Mr. Chamberlain, in order that it may oe perieuny in accordance with the rules of "non partisanship," would make interesting reading, especially ror the independent voters. .As a voter who is htrrmeir on the fence so far, I desire to suggest that the Increasing demand that this sug gestion be complied with, be taken up by the Albany Democrat, and that after Mr. Booth makes his address in Albany 1. V,. numncrnt will Without IICAl wcci -" -' delay inaugurate a campaign demand ing a statement as 10 now uum na... berlain and Booth have spent their monev during the past 30 years. It would be the sort of a campaign the Democrats have instituted and should be made as thorough and comprehen sive as possible. INQUIRER. THINGS LOOK DIFFERENT AT 40. Woman Confesses to Loss of Faiths She Held At -0. LEBANON. Or., Aug. 29. (To the Editor.) One is reminded forcibly how easy it Is to write about a condition h.it how re.-illv different is the truth. Of course the story, "Divorced Life," never happened there are so man "dreams" that never happen. And men are not like the "Challoner" in the story. There are always men coming along, and like Challoner, they are gen erally married, but they are always looking tor a woman who looks good or whom they can take advantage. Wo men who work arc generally busy earn ing rood and ordinary raiment. I was very rortunate in having an early practical education. Moat things that a woman does have no commer cial value and she must either work like a slave or be one ir thrown on her "wn resources. When I was 20 the world was rull ol good men, but now at 40 I wonder it there are any. What a thing Is "be- 11 When I was 20 I thought God was ever ready to bend his head to listen to the prayer ot each of his helpless creatures. Now. at 40. I wonder ir he has any special interest in the Indi vidual. What a thing is raith! Why should we build up a world In a woman's mind that does not exist? Romance, dreams and "placid inns" are beautiful but unreal. As soon as any man knew "Marion" was divorced If no were at all interested in her he would try to treat her as legitimate prey. It men were as they should be they would oKer mutual afrection, and be willing to sacrifice and help make a pleasant home and live according to the rules ot organized society. Nearly every man has the firm con viction that he hlmseir would protect a woman against the world and he would, too, against everyone but hlm seir. I wish I had the ability to tell a story or two as they really happened. A BOxT WITH ONLY ONE OAR. BANKS MAY NOW LEND ON FARMS New lair Gives Power to National, Not Regional Banks. ONTARIO. Or., Aug. 27. (To the Editor.) To settle a controversy on the subject, would you kindly answer through the columns or your paper the rollowing question: Afier the establishment or the re serve bank of San Francisco under the new regional bank system, will It be possible ror the individual farmer to borrow money on his land directly rrom such bank, and at what rate or Interest? A SUBSCRIBER. The regional reserve banks will not make loans on real estate themselves, but under the new law National banks can do so, as provided In section 24, of the Federal reserve act. This reads: Anv Kntinnsl hankinir association not sit uated In a central reserve city may make loans secured liy improved ana unencuiu-i,..r,-.i f.rm land situated within Its Federal reserve district, but no such loan shall bt made for a longer period than five years nor for an amount exceeding i,u per ccmum of the actual value of the property offered as samtHtrv. Anv such bank may make such loans In an aggregate gum equal to per centum of Its capital and surplus or to one-mira or its nm ueyuana. Women In Hop Fields. INDEPENDENCE, Or., Aug. 29. (To the Editor.) To clear up the matter of a woman working over eight hours in the hopyards, as mentioned by Mrs. A. P. in The Oregonian. Last week one of the Portland papers had an item from Attorney-General Crawford, In which he said that the 64 hours a week as a limit to female labor would very probably apply to the hopyards. He did not say that It would be unlaw ful, but that tt probably would be. The hop men of this vicinity feel that it would not apply In this case. The workers are not hired to work by the day, month, or even the hour, nor are they given a certain number of hours to work. The work Is piece work and a person is allowed to put in as many hours or as few hours as he or she cares to do. The growers feel that each person Is working for hlmseir and has a right to work as long as he wants. J. S. COOPER JR., Secretary Independence Commercial Club. The only limit that could legally ap ply would be an order issued by the Industrial Weltare Commission. The question has been referred to that body and the reply given that no order so far issued affects women workers in the hopfields. Spain's Soap-Millionaire. London Tit Bits. One of the rew millionaires pos sessed by Spain is working as an or dinary workman In a Berlin soap lae tory. He owns the largest soap fac tory In Madrid, but wishes personally to learn the dltference between the German and Spanish modes of mak ing it. Bread on the Waters. Cincinnati Enquirer. Gabe Old Titewad is alwayB brag ging that he casts his bread on the waters. Steve He does. But only when It Is too stale tor his own use. MONEY IX FRUIT BY-PROD VCTS. Road to Prosperity for (ironer la In dicated iy -nr. j-aiierson. CAOI-T K XTr At.n- tfi -t Tn t rt a KA 1 1 or. 1 ' i.l 1 . - V . . 1 . 11 n h i '-p . 1 . -" ' It is stated on reliable authority that i.. . i . i. n,in:-ii,-il fruit districts or our Pacific Northwest last year there was a total loss of over zu.uuu ions ui 1 ........ i ! I,,- annlm hosirlpS auuu, duuiiu, iicai in ",'."' i the large amount virtually donated to cider mills by growers. This fruit, while not up to the high standard re quired for fancy box purposes, was penecuy suitea tor ary curius, uj mnurn nw t. t-niirc eVflnoriltlnit process and would have resulted In over . . . , . .,4 , . . i2.uoo,uou pounds or anea rrun, reioiii worm approximately i,;uu,uvu. ' i' . . 1 ...... . . . i. .. nffnrt u are 1 11 i , . i i u ii ci o n livon " toward the permanent and profitable establishment of the fruit Industry in trie T-nctfiii Vnrthweut tills 1()KS mUdt appear little less than criminal. Its realization must Dring to incin "f- ........ i . . i . . i . . tst fini r..ma,tl' ICI IIIIIIUllUII 1W 11IIU W I llllbUJ i The day of broadcast selling f "orchard tracts" is passing. If not al- togetner gone, ior a (imi- at least. ou Via InmllltfAnt n v- n , v la ii.nA.lli' lunlt- ing for actual profits from his holdings. II n.ts ueen uciuunoiiuitii m me pitim ractlon of most Intelligent growers that the raising of fancy fruits without a market for seconds anil other grades Is figuring far too closely to make the Industry an enticing or profitable one. What is the remedy.' By-pfodmts. the salvation or many an American in dustry. By "by-products" 1s meant that por tion of the grower's output which heretofore has gone to waste and which in tuture must be made to yield a rev enue. There is a constantly Increasing demand tor dried fruits, particularly apples, and ror this product the Pacific Northwest has no competitor In the field. The apple grown in the warmer ....i r, amithnr Iv states is Insipid, compared to ours, and by a modern, low temperature evaporation the withdrawal from the fruit or aim ply the tasteless, colorless moisture, leaving Intact all or Its tone, flavor and original color, we would have no worthy competitor in either homo or foreign markets. It might be well, while speaking or roreign markets, to look more closely at conditions as they exist abroad, or. in other words, "In time ot war, prepare for peace." By nnt.iailn tVin uri.huhilitv of the de- llll L IVI I 11 I 1 "h fc..w V - struction or many thousands or or chards and vlneyurds throughout Europe, which it will require years of time to restore, this unquestionably will increase the already enormous de mand abroad tor dried fruits and give us an opportunity to establish a per manent market. Action along this line cannot be taken too soon. It seems rather remarkable that with so manv advances along other lines, the matter of the dry-curing of fruits has virtually stood still for the past -0 years, and that It has only boon in the last two seasons that a successful at tempt has been made to modernize the methods and replace the old-time, sul phured, sun-dried and dlrcot-heat process by something moro nearly scientific and up to date. The Salem (Or ) Dally Capital Journal ot July 28 aptly describes "A Low Temperature Method." In use at the West Salem plant or the Salem Fruit Evaporating company, as "The conversion or the fluid portion or the rruit or vegetable into vapor and the removal of this vapor without destroying or Injuring the delicate cells containing the rich flavoring oils or 'soul' or the trult. This process seems to be practical for all manner ot rruit. berries and vege tables, besides showing a great saving of time and expense over former methods. While market conditions are rather abnormal In the dried fruit industry, it Is a fact proven by actual experi ment By the writer that the problem can be worked out to great benefit ami profit to growers in any district where there Is an abundance of fruit by either the building of a large commercial evaporating plant in a central dis trict or bv large growers building their own plants. This would in sure growers about lfi to 20 per ton for apples which are now going to waste, and permit of a first-grade arti cle being produced at under 5 rents per dried pound, or at present wholesale price would pay growers (operating their own plants) about $35 per ton tor their second-grade apples- It would seem as ir the remedy ror the present dirriculty is modern low temperature evaporation of second grade apples by-prbducts which Will insure the growers an Increasing profit, and this suggestion In a treat measure applies to other rruits prunes peaches pears, berries, potatoes, etc. The United States Government is using millions or pounds of dried fruits an nually and a "taboo" is now placed in most markets) upon sulphured apples and lye-dlnped prunes, very properl so. as neither is necessary if the Product Is taken care of In a proper, sanllarj " Other Important "by-products" not as vet utilized to any extent are the ap ple syrup. r-PPle jelly apple butter and apple marmalade product: all of these staple commodities can be produced at i nomlnal cost In quantity ou or he small unsalable Trull, cider mill pulp, etc at a splendid profit. pple syrup can be produced at about 35' cents per gallon In quantity IM is much more nutritious and wholesome than many cheap syrups now upon the market and It seems to the writer that the solution or this great problem (utilization of by-products) Is the es tablishment of local or district evap oration Plants to handle the by-product to the best advantage. pATTERgoN Why Cats Hate Water. Indianapolis News. Cats hate water, probably because their fur has nothing oily about It and consequently takes a long time to dry. Supplanting the Seaierpent By Dean Collins. (Bathers at beach report mat a foreign warship was sighted orr shore early this morning. New. Item.) In day of old. the bathers bold. Sent home exciting talcs Of visions, 'mid the breakers cold. Or sea serpents and whales; But now that old sea-serpent thing They tell to us no more. But speak, with much embellishing. Ot cruisers ofi the shore. The beach press agent chucks away His ancient honored story About sea serpents out at play. In all their scaly glory. Pooh-pooh! What cares the public now For that thrill anymore? They want to hear a rumor how A cruiser's otr the Bhore. If all the fleets of all the lands Got busy at the sport. I can't see how they'd pass the strands Of every beach resort. But war must occupy the etage. And war's weird rumors are the rage, And so rrom spots galore. Instead of sea serpentB. this year At every seaside must appear A cruiser otr the shore. IN WAR. They are our brethren. Lord, hear thou their cry! Oh must they drench the land witn blood? Spare lest they die! Sore-stricken ones rrom battlefields are borne Oh. waste or lire! Not so, let mothers mourn! Oh, hellish war! Will carnage never C6&S6? Must strlte rorever rule? When is the dawn or peace? Lord, spare our kin let not our breth - ren strive! Stay thou the smiting hand save men alive! Mrs. Frank A. Brock. Twenty-Five Years Ago From Ths Oregonian of Aug. II. U. i'hicaco. Ana. 3". Impaneling of a jury ror the trial of the accused mur derers of Dr. Cronln began today. vi.in Or Ausr. 30. The little schooner Rowena drifted ashore near Newport today. All hands were savca. cimn Ih M Articles of Incor- nnrnlinU U'tTi' filed today by the Co lumbia & Nehalem Railroad Company; ..1. n hiii 1,1 railroad from near Milton Creek. Columbia County, to the mouth of oak Ranch Creek, .-senainni County: Incorporators. Jamea Marble, Jr., P. J. Jeffery. J. C. Carson. A. Kln- nev ('. Rockwc . I. ' . .M ' K( Ti ni l. 11 Alger and F. A. Moore. A.t..r(. Anir an Senator Mitchell .rriv.ii ihia m.iriiinf and was taken on the steamer Winona to sec the Jetty. Seattle. Aug. 30 The City Council tonight decided to establish a paid fire department of 19 men at an annual cost of $38,000. Andrew Jackson Mosea Is accused of using obscen" language and threaten ing to kill Fred T. Merrill, the blryr.llal; also for carrying a concealed weapon. Moses, according to his own adinlsalon. bestowed his uffectlons on a comely, tall and slender brunette, and claims that. If Merrill was only out of Ine way. the fair maiden would return MI affections. For threatening to remove his rival the gallant, thourh not youth ful, attorney was arrested. William Dunbar, who haa been anxious about his bark, the Kitty, yes terday received a cablegram announc ing her arrival at Hongkong. Yesterday the Portland Water Com pany sold to John D. Wilcox th tract of land on the Marquam road at the head of Sixth street. Mrs. B, G. Creene, who Is to conduct the Kindergarten Institute, arrived to day. The remainder of the machinery for the smelting works at Llnnton was ordered from Chicago yesterday. J. T. Pickett, the well-known artlit. died Thursday. The public schools of Alblna will opan Mondny. September 2, with 1 teachers and over Son pupils. Half a Century Ago Trim Tha Olcgonlsn of August II. 1A4. Salem. Aug. 30 John Stover, an old citizen of this place, fell from the fourth story of the Woolen Mill Manufacturing Company s Hour mill this afternoon, and was killed Instantly. Married In this city August 30 by S. E. Harr, J. P., John W. Colling to Mrs. Eliza Musae. An active old klootchman appeared on our streets yesterday evening, accom panied by a young hopeful of whom slu was no doubt the mother, and their ap pearance Indicated that they were In quest of a boarding-house and were not easllv to be suited, as it Is known a party of seven aborigines recently ap plied at a prominent hotel for lodgings. When we have such evidence, knowing that the lordly warriors now split wood while their squaws munch apples and trot the pappooses, we think It Is a sign of social progress. The steamer Julia. Captain Strang, proceeded to the mouth of the Wil lamette yesterday with apparatus for making an attempt to remove some of the obstructions in the ship channel. Colonel MeCraken and C II. Lewis ac companied the force employed. A line Willi was presented to parties in this city night before last who werc standlng on Taylor street looking west, watching the progress of the tire In the woods which seemed to approach quite near to the city limits, covering it wide area of the suburbs. The f . w tree re maining standing at the Intersection of a line with Taylor street were blazing away from the roots up. Yesterday the old adage that "It never rains but it pours" was strikingly Illustrated. Mrs. A. J. Dunlway. of the l.afayelt" Union School, has associated with hi r Rev. It. P. Burnett, professor of mathe matlcs, natural sciences, etc.. as prln cial. There has been a news building erected and the school la In a vary flourishing condition. Yesterday the new store of Cohn. Lyon & Co. on Front street commenced with the third stor.. Governor Glbbs has recently appoint. I Thomas Montclth Colonel of the Thin) regiment, second brigade, O. M.. Me. George H. Belden, reslrned; Frad V . Folsom, Lieutenant-Colonel, vice Hon telth. Thistles Mut He Destroyed. ALBANY. Or.. Aug. 25. To th Ldi tor.) is there a law compelling farm ers to clean their places of Canada thistle? 1 understood there was and appeaie-i to the road supervisor of district No. 1 .' or Linn County, and then to thu County Court, but no action wa taken. If this was not the proper step to take would you advise me Jugl how we can have thla law enforced and destroy this menac. to agriculture? The law of 1913 impogea upon th road supervisor of each dlgtrlct tb duty of ascertaining from time to Um whether there Is any Canada thistle or any other of a list of noxious weeds growing on lands or highways In hla district. If uch weeds are found growing he Is required to notify tho owner or occupant, who haa 10 days In which to remove them: upon failure of tho owner or occupant to act the super visor Is required to destroy the weeds, the cost thereof becoming a lien against the property. It Is also a misdemeanor for any person owning or having tho care of lands knowingly to permit Canada thlstlo to stand thereon until Its bloom falla or Its seeds begin to Torm. Neighbors suffering damaga by violation of tbla law haa cause for damages. If the road supervisor does not act apply to your Juitlce of tba Peace. Manila's Widows naa Widowers, Pittsburg Dispatch. Males greatly exceed females 1n number In Manila, there being tt ent 143? males. against lll.MH four years ago. und 117.641 femalrs. 11s against 102.S01 four years ago. Thera are about 32.000 more males tl.sn f malcH In the city at present. There are only 3626 widowers In Manila, while the number of widow s is 1 ".!(. i. 'And Now the Schoolboy' And the school girl, too. become real problems again. Vacation is ending ami the real work of Winter is beginning. The coming of school days bring its problems to every home. Many purchases have to he made the tax is severe. Wise mothers will find the adver tising columns of Tho Oregonian quite helpful In thla little emer gency. The merchants have anticipated the school-dsy wants and are com peting for your trade. Be well Informed in advance and BUT TO THE INTEKCSTS OF YOI.'R OWN POCKETUOOK. i