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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 21, 1901)
THE MOKtflKG. OBEGONIAJNT, SATUEDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1901. H&te rggomcm Entered at the Postoffice at Portland, Oregon, as second-class matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Rooms 160 Business Office... GG7 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By Mail (postace prepaid), in Advance Bally, with Sunday, per month ..........5 85 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year.... 7 DO Daily, with Sunday, per year 9 00 Sunday, per year ...................-.. 2 00 The Weekly, per year .................... 1 50 The Weekly. 3 months to To City Subscribers Daily, per -week, delivered, Sundays excepted.lbc Daily, per -neck, delivered. Sundays lncluaed.20c POSTAGE RATES. "United States, Canada and Mexico: 10 to 16-pago paper.. .................... .lc 10 to 32-page paper. ........ ..........2c Foreign rates double. News or discussion intended for publication In The Oregonian should be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonian," not to the name of any individual. Letters Telatlng to adver tising, subscriptions or to any business matter shouM be addressed simply "The Oregonian." The Oregonian does not buy poems or stories from individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici tation. JCo stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson, office at 1111 Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Box 955, Tacoma Post office. Eastern Business Office, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48. 49 Tribune building. New Tork City; 4C9 "The Roekcry." Chicago; the S. C. Beckwith special agency. Eastern representative. For sale in San Francisco by J. K. Cooper, 746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold smith Bros.. 23G Sutter street; F. TV. Pitts, 1008 Market street; Foster & Orear, Ferry news stand. For sale in Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner, 259 So Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 100 So. Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. 217 Dearborn street. For pale in Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1C12 Farnam street. For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 W. Second South street. For sale in Ogden by W. C. Kind, 204 Twenty-fifth street, and by C. H. Myers. For pale In Kansas City. Mo., by Fred Hutchinson, 1104 "Wyandotte street. On file at Buffalo. N. Y.. In the Oregon ex hibit at the exposition. For sale In "Washington. D. C, by the Ebbett House news stand. For sale in Denver. Colo., by Hamilton & Kendrick, 30G-912 Seventh street. TODAY'S "WEATHER Occasional rain; brisk to high southerly winds. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature, r9; minimum temperature, 53; pre cipitation, trace. PORTLAND, SATURDAY, SEPT. SI. A XEW 'GENERATION'. It is a noteworthy fact that Theodore Hoosevelt belongs to a generation that was not identified at maturity with the Civil "War, for he was not seven years of age when Lee surrendered. Grant, Hayes. Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison and McKlnley were all of mili tary age in 186L Five of these Presi dents were veteran soldiers of the Union Army; Arthur was a conspicuous mem ber of the staff of "War" Governor Morgan, of New York, and Cleveland -was a. pronounced opponent of Lincoln's war policy. All of the Vice-Presidents since 1868 have been men who were ma ture spectators of the Civil War and the reconstruction era that followed it, save Roosevelt. Two of these Vice Presidents, Hendricks and Stevenson, -were conspicuous opponents of Lincoln's war policy. All of these men during their most impressible years of man hood were subjected to an environment of civil war and sectional civic strug gle that more or less colored their views and swayed their actions during much of their subsequent public life and ac tion. It could not be otherwise. The Civil War was too realistic a struggle in its pains and penalties both of war and legislation consequent upon war not to warp the champions of both sides somewhat from the mooring place of calm reason unalloyed by feeling and prejudice. The Dolltical -war cries of the Republi can party dated back to the battlefields of the Civil War. in the case of Grant, Hayes. Garfield, Harrison and McKin ley; the political war cries of the De mocracy dated back to the Civil War when such aggressive opponents of Lin coln's policy as Seymour, Tilden, Hen dricks. Cleveland and Thurman were selected for standard-bearers. Not until the advent of McKlnley, the youngest graduate of the Union Army to become President, has there been any marked disposition on part of the Republican party seriously to dismiss all memory of the asperities of the Civil War. Per haps, had it not been for the Spanish War. the effort to substitute a National spirit for sectional prejudice might not Tiave been so successful as it proved when attempted so graciously and cor dially by President McKinley. The fu neral of President McKlnley is likely to be our last great military and civic pa geant whose hero will date back to the Civil War for the birth of his best honors. The few surviving minor fig ures of the great war for the Union are sure of honorable burial, but their pass ing will not make the -whole Nation halt and doff Its hat in reverence before their palL The South has yet to bury its venerable hero. Longstreet, but in spite of his great service to the Confed erate cause the passing away of this great captain would not thrill the South with such deep and general emotion as was exhibited when Lee and Davis died. The funeral honors to these men have exhausted the Southern heart as com pletely as the passing away of Grant, Sheridan and Sherman exhausted that of the North. The statesmen and sol diers -who were men of military age, if not of actual military service, during the Civil War. are either now all dead or on the retired list of political life; the realistic din and romantic memory of the Tvar is about extinct, because the generation that fought it is no longer the active, ruling, controlling force in National politics. There is not a. man in either of the great political parties today likely to be elected Pres ident who was of military age during the Civil War. McKinley was the last notable Republican leader who person ally served in the Army of the Union. Both houses of Congress include today a number of men who belonged to the generation of the war, but not one of them is likely to be nominated for Pres ident by either of the great political parties. They are all men like Allison, Hawley. Proctor, Frye, Hoar, Depew. The only survivor of the generation of the Civil War is United States Senator Foraker. of Ohio, who is' but 55 years of age and was a Union soldier at 16. Outside of Foraker, the prospective leading men of the Republican party "were, like Roosevelt. Root and Henry C. Lodge, not participants nor even ma ture spectators of the Civil War. With McKinlev nasses away proba bly the last President who was a sol dier or mature citizen during the great war for the Union. We stand on the threshold of a new departure. The per sonal inspiration of the generation that fought the Civil War is, for our weal or woe, about completed and spent, for all the notable figures of that generation are either dead or on the retired list because of age or infirmity, or are too old to be selected for standard-bearers. The genuine romance of the Ciyll War; its inspiring realism, its sorrow, its joy. its glory and its shame, are prac tically dead as a supreme popular force in the politics of the future. To the generation of Roosevelt, Root and Lodge will belong the future standard bearers of the Republican party, and probably of the Democratic party. There is a growing like for young, vig orous men as Presidential candidates; men of the age and physical vigor of Roosevelt and Bryan, and it is not likely that the next Democratic candi date for President will belong to the generation that was soldier or mature spectator of the Civil War. It Is true that the military exploits of Roosevelt made him Governor of New York and Vice-President, but the war with Spain did not last long enough to furnish us with many men whose heads are still lit up with a halo of warlike glory. The day of candi dates of patriotic military antecedents is over for the present; the prizes of politics henceforth will be won alto gether in the field of civic statesman ship; men of affairs, men of utilitarian quality and attainments, will be the fa vorite Presidential candidates of the future. The Philippines may be re garded as a closed incident; there are no wars in prospect; and without wars men of merely military antecedents or purely patriotic record will stand no chance with men of business ability. THREE LESSORS. Some things have been done by Pres ident McKinley in his death which no forethought or effort could have done in life. The minds of his countrymen have received lessons of great moral and educational value, tending to toler ation, to decorum and to humility. Common danger and a common grief have driven men of antagonistic creeds to the same platform for praise and prayer. We have progressed since Jew could not recognize Catholic or Pres byterian shake hands with Unitarian. To one God the father of us all the assembled thousands pour out their supplication, led, perhaps, by the repre sentative of papal "Anti-Christ" or by the descendant of them who cried, "Crucify him; his blood be upon our heads!" He would be a hardy bigot who should say today that the rabbi's or archbishop's prayer did not reach the common throne of grace. Such hours of crrief and hope give new and vital meaning to words like fatherhood and brotherhood. No touch of Nature is like sorrow to make the whole world kin. Then there is the widespread out break against unreasoning and Immod erate assaults upon the constituted au thorities. Newspapers that have pic tured President McKlnley as an oppres sor and robber, enslaving the depend encies and cruelly maltreating the poor, hands reeking with blood and stained with corruption, now find themselves passing through a wilderness of popu lar disapproval and distrust. Their at tention is called to the fact that the assassin has done little more than give logical effect to the arraignment they have formulated, and their adulation now makes caustic commentary on their previous abuse. This lesson should not be lost upon American politics. Dis cussion of measures and policies should be thorough and fearless, but it must also be dignified and temperate. Cen-, sure of an official's acts must not be confused with personal abuse of the man. What does the age need more than a lesson in humility? The temper of poli tics, science and ecclesiasticism is one of arrogance. Success has made us mad with self-sufficiency and pride. The immediate recipient of the chastening blow, -which should be felt in every field of endeavor, is the medical profes sion, glorying in the advance of sur gery,, in its serum, and X-ray, and sani tary discovery, and the hunt of poison to its lair. But the Medical Journal tells us that while the President's doc tors did all they could and had every reason to hope, yet they were wrong. They formed correct conclusions from such evidence as they had, but of the real conditions they were Ignorant. "They certainly erred," but that error "argues no Incapacity or avoidable lack of judgment." They meant well, they did their best, but they didn't know. "The medical man," says the Journal, "Is not a perfect being." With all their knowledge and fidelity and skill, they could neither save the patient nor tell the outcome of the case. From this disaster to perhaps the noblest of the professions let us draw a universal lesson of humility. With all his prowess and his intellect, man must not take himself too seriously. Under the inverted bowl we call the sky he swarms and breeds and dies. Before him spreads the future's Impenetrable veil, no whit clearer to his gaze than when Abraham fared forth from Meso potamia or Job bewailed hl3 ignorance of whatever lies beyond the grave. All our boasted learning is but a drop in the great ocean of things we do not know. All our achievements pale beside the aspirations we never realize, the ideals we cannot reach. All we can do, as with the doctors at Buffalo, falls short of what we want to do. All we can find out leaves us still baffled before the hand of destiny, the unforeseen blow of fate, the sudden wind of temp tation that carries away the sails and anchors of our best resolves, the riddle of the universe. More humiliating, perhaps, than all else Is the knowledge that little as we know, we prize that knowledge so light ly. How to live we are well enough apprised. There Is always more truth in the world than will suffice for the salvation of the race; but it is not knowledge we need so much as purpose. Until we have fulfilled the gospels that have been preached by noble souls In all ages, until we are awake to the light that has already come into the world, it is idle to cry for the new dis covery, the new message. Most men know enough, if they would only do. NOT INDIGENOUS PLANTS. It is no fair impeachment of our free institutions that anarchists sometimes ply their vocation with murderous suc cess in this country. They are not in digenous plants. They are found in every civilized country in Europe", and the devotees of the creed of anarchism must be distinguished from such creat ures as Booth and Guiteau. The orig inal evangelist of anarchism as a polit ical and social creed was the Russian, Michael Bakunin, who preached the doctrine of nihilism. There was an an archist convention at Berne. Switzer land, in 1ST6, when a campaign of vio lence was projected and approved, but it -was not until the London anarchist convention was held, in 1881, that the real plan of campaign peculiar- to an archism was officially adopted. The first victim of this propaganda of assassination was Alexander II, Czar of Russia, murdered in 1881, and its latest European victim was King Hum bert of Italy, in 1900. At this London convention of 1881. when the destruc tion of all rulers was decreed as an act of faith. Herr Most and Prince Kropotkin were the leaders. Herr Most has degenerated Into a harmless bar room blatherskite in New York City. His imprisonment for incendiary talk and action has cured him of any fur ther desire to violate the laws of th Empire State. Prince Kropotkin is an educated Rus sian who admits his responsibility for many nihilist murders in his native land. He arrived here last Spring. He is too intelligent a man to allow his anarchism to extend beyond a mere "theory" in this country. He Is not the kind of man who courts martyrdom, and he has been content in this country to nose as a philosopher and a philan thropist. - All extreme anarchists come from countries under oppressive, non elected rulers. Theyx are chiefly Rus sians. Italians and Germans, like Kro potkin, Bresci, Emma Goldman, the late Justus Schwab. Spies. Engel, Parsons and their associates, who were executed for the Haymarket Square murder in Chicago In 1886, were doubtless genuine apostles of the anarchist creed, and they were all foreign norn and bred, save Parsons, who'was a convert from Texas. The Russian anarchists, like Berg mann and Goldman, are not indigenous products of this country. They are really products of the Russian social and political system. Our country is no more justly .chargeable, through its in stitutions, for the production of such a creature as the assassin of Presi dent McKinley than it would be if Gold man and her assassin apostle had gone to Mexico and murdered President Diaz. So far as the "philosophy" of anarchism is concerned, it has been aptly de scribed as "philosophy pushed beyond her mark and become the procuress to the lords of hell." GENERAL M'CLELLAN AND GOV ERNOR "STEVENS. A new life of General George B. Mc Clellan, by the late General Peter S. Michie, has just been published by D. Appleton & Co. General Michie thinks that McCIellan's failure both as a strat egist and a tactician was due to a constitutional weakness and deficiency in certain mental qualities, absolutely essential to a successful soldier, and he relates some facts concerning McCIel lan's work upon the exploration of a route for a railroad from the Missis sippi River to the Pacific Ocean that illustrate his argument The general direction of this exploration and survey had been assigned by the Secretary of War to Isaac I. Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory, and formerly an officer of the Corps of Engineers, who was directed to place Captain McClel lan in charge of the western end of this work. This required McClellan to thoroughly explore the Cascade Range from the Columbia River to the 49th parallel, to make a detailed examina tion of the passes, and upon completion of the survey he was to proceed east ward as far as the Rocky Mountains to meet the main party coming from the East under the immediate direction of Governor Stevens. McClellan -arrived at Fort Vancouver June 273,853, but it was nearly a month before the expe dition started. ' This expedition consisted of sixty-six persons, including twenty-two packers and three hunters iand herders for 178 animals. He crossed the dividing ridge south of Mount Adams to the eastern slope of the Cascade Range, and reached Chequos, ninety-four miles from Vancouver, August 8. Camp Wenass, eighty-five miles beyond, was reached August 26, where a depot was estab lished until he could examine Nachess Pass. He established his next camp at Ketetas, on the Yakima River, and he reached Snoqualmie Pass, at the head of the Yakima Valley. September 6. He made a very careless examination of this pass, and his information as to the depth of the Winter snow was afterwards found to be quite erroneous, he reporting it to be twenty-five feet, whereas it scarcely ever exceeds seven. McClellan did not fully accomplish the object of his exploration, for he did not discover the two passes which are now in use by the Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railroads to cross the Cascade Range. The former, known as the Stampede Pass, not more than fif teen miles south of the Snoqualmie, lies about midway between It and the Nachess Pass, where McClellan report ed there was certainly no pass, while the latter, at the Wenatchee River, was dismissed with the remark: "It ap pears certain that there can be no pass at its head for a road." McClellan joined Stevens' main party near Colville October 28, 1853. On No vember 4 Governor Stevens learned at Walla Walla that the snow difficulties did not exist at Snoqualmie to the ex tent that McClellan had reported, and finally directed Mr. Tlnkham to at tempt its passage, which the latter did, leaving Walla Walla January 7, and reaching Seattle January 26, 1854. In the meantime Stevens had directed McClellan to complete his survey of the Snoqualmie Pass from the western side. McClellan started from Olympia Decem ber 23, reached Snoqualmie Falls, but, owing to the increasing depth of the snow, abandoned his purpose after a short progress. McCIellan's failure con trasted with the success of Tinkham caused Stevens great dissatisfaction, and produced a coolness between them which did not disappear until 1861. Mc Clellan certainly failed to determine the existence and character of the passes of the Cascade Range suitable for a railroad crossing, for he reported that at the Columbia River the only one worth considering, and did nothing to locate the two now used for that purpose. His report to the second ses sion of the Thirty-second Congress ex hibits the same characteristic qualities that were so fatal to his success as commander of the Army of the Poto mac. With a woefully deficient tug service at the mouth of the Columbia, a short age of cars with which to handle the wheat crop in Portland territory, and Insufficient space on the Oriental steam ers, the "community of interest" regime Is not a joy forever for Portland. Of the three evils, the car shortage is un doubtedly the worst, for the reason that the Northern Pacific will put plenty of cars into competitive territory and haul to tidewater on Puget Sound wheat cars into competitive territory and haul to Portland if It had the proper equip ment of rolling stock. The river towage service of the O. R. & N. Co. could not well.be improved on, and the bar serv ice could not well be much worse, so far as equipment for handling the increas ing business Is concerned. These short comings have been pretty generally re alized in business circles for a number of months, but they seem to have es caped the attention of those In a posi tion to remedy them. Colonel James M. Bell. Eighth United States Cavalry, who has been nomi nated for Brigadier-General, U. S. A., vice General Ludlow, deceased, entered the Union Army as First Lieutenant in the Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry in June, 1862. became Captain of the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry in June, 1863, in which regiment he served until his mus ter out In July, 1865. He was commis sioned Second Lieutenant, Seventh United States Cavalry, in July, 1866. At the outbreak of the Spanish War in 189S he was Major of the First United States Cavalry. He was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-seventh United States Infantry. July 5. 1899, and Brigadier-General of Volunteers in Janu ary, 1900. During the Civil War he was brevetted Captain for gallant services at the Wilderness; Major for gallant services at Reams Station. He was brevetted Lieutenant-Colorfel for gallant services in action against the Indians at Canyon Creek, Mont., September 13, 1877. Public attention will now be centered upon the Schley court of inquiry, which resumed its interrupted session in Wash ington yesterday, and for the next fort night at least the country will be di vided sharply between champions of Schley and champions of Sampson. Opinion settles nothing when it comes to a case of this kind. The august naval court headed by Admiral Dewey will dive deep after bottom facts in this lamentable controversy, and without doubt will secure them. The great pity in this case lies in the fact that, no matter who wins, the character of a brave and valiant naval oflicer who has served his country long and well will suffer by the findings. The only safe prediction at this stage of proceedings is that the charges of cowardice that have been made against Schley will not be sustained. The triumph of bureau cracy could not under any circum stances go so far as that. The name of J. W. Cleaver, the pio neer chalrmaker, who died at his home on Mount Tabor Thursday, stands for that of an honest man, who wrought into his work something of the sub stantial fiber of which his life was made up. Chairs stamped with his name, that have stood the wear and tear of romping boys and girls for more than a generation, are still to be found fn the kitchens and back chambers of many homes that have supplanted the log cabins in whose "best rooms" they were once the chief articles of luxury. The simple plaudits that are the just meed of labor that takes pride enough in its calling to do its best at anything to which it turns its hand follow this honest, Industrious pioneer craftsman to his grave. Shockingly out of place in the throng that gathered In Multnomah Field Thursday to pay the last tribute of re spect tovthe memory of President Mc- -Klnley were the candy peddlers, who, with trays suspended from their chests, .did a thriving business, while eloquent eulogies were being- pronounced and the strains of funeral music stole up and out upon the air. We wonder at the lack of reverent spirit in American youth, yet we tolerate, even upon the most sacred and solemn occasions, a spirit of irreverence that for a few cents panders to the unmannerly habit of stuffing and guzzling in public, regard less of the occasion of the gathering. The alleged "regular liners" plying out of Puget Sound ports are still obliged to seek other ports for cargoes. It has been but a few weeks since Port land sent out a couple of cargoes on vessels of Seattle's much-heralded round-the-world line. Yesterday one of Tacoma's "Glen" liners arrived In the Columbia, and will load a full cargo at Portland for Europe. Meanwhile, Port land is shipping 15,000 barrels of flour to Tacoma to help fill out a cargo which could not be completed on Puget Sound, and within the current month over 30, ,000 bushels of wheat has been shipped from Portland 10 Tacoma by rail to fill out another cargo. For the first time In many years there will be a family in the sense that romping, vivacious boys and girls constitute a family In the White House. It is understood that the Roose velt youngsters have been kept well In hand by a prudent mother and some what exacting father, hence the wear and tear on the Nation's manse and furniture will not be unduly severe. But the children will have "good times." No boy or girl In the Nation doubts that, knowing what he or she would do In the place of these young Roose velts. Low-flying clouds are scurrying across the heavens, the fine-sifted mist has de scended like a benediction upon the umbrellas of just and unjust, the wind blows fresh from the south, the expo sition is already open, and the State Fair will be In business Monday. Ore gon is herself again. The story of the assassination of President McKinley has gone into his tory. It Is an old story now to all ex cept the desolate woman who sits In the darkened home In Canton. To her it is an ever-present reality; to all oth ers it is a tale that is told. The golden opportunity before the Senate to- rid itself of Senator Welling ton Is not likely to recur. There is a tide in the affairs of Senates as well as in the affairs of men. Reports from the court of inquiry would indicate that Admiral is the low est grade "in the United States Navy. Two Extremes in Government. Kansas Oity Journal. The Socialist journals are taking occa sion to point out the wide difference be tween socialism and anarchy. Anarchy opposes all government, while socialism believes in the government owning and controlling everything. They are two ex tremes between which civilized peoples find the practical and happy mean- Igrnore a Manifest Right. Kansas City Star. The right of protection to the govern ment which vouchsafes the most generous care to the disabled soldiers does not seem, to be admitted by the persons who are con demning Commissioner Evans for pre venting the practice of fraud on the Na tional Treasury. THE RUSH-BAGOT CONTENTION. Chicago Post. Not wltnout reason does Congressman. Henry Sherman Boutell ask, in the Sep tember North American Review, "Is the Rush-Bagot Convention Immortal?" as will appear from the rather full discus sion of the question which follows. Be cause so few know what the Rush-Bagot convention is it may be set down here that It refers to the so-called treaty be tween the United States and Great Brit ain, concluded In 1S17, concerning the maintaining and building of vessels on the Great Lakes. Mr. Boutell gives a copy of the corre spondence between Richard Rush, act ing Secretary of State, and Right. Hon. Charles Bagot, the British Minister to the United States, which constitutes this compact that has been binding upon, the two countries for over S4 years, .and which, though not regularly so drawn, "must be considered as possessing all the binding force and effect of a treaty," and then adds: "It may perhaps aid us in arriving at a just conclusion respecting the questions which arise in connection with this con vention, and the proper attitude of the United States toward them, to consider (1) the circumstances under which the agreement was made and the objects which were sought to be accomplished by it; (2) the manner in which the parties have observed the convention, and the interpretations which they have placed upon it; (3) the reasons which have been given for its abrogation or modifica tion." The conditions which surround the fram ers of this convention differed so radically from the conditions which existed today that literal compliance with the terms of the agreement is little less than absurd, Inasmuch" as it often produces results which were not Intended or oven con templated by the parties. The thought that was uppermost in the minds of the framers of the convention was the necessity for the removal of the greatest obstacle to a good understand ing between the two countries by the disarmament of the naval forces on the lakes, following the disturbed conditions of the war of 1812. There was little. If any. concern about the remote future. Conditions Have Clinnpred. Except the four vessels agreed upon, no other vessels of war were to be "main tained." "built" or armed on the lakes. As there was no navigable connection between the lakes, or between Lake On tario and the ocean, when Mr. Bagot and Mr. Rush used these terms, they understood that a vessel could not be maintained upon the Lakes unless It had been built there, and that a vessel could not be armed or built on the Lakes and maintained elsewhere. From their point of view, to build on the Lakes was to maintain on the Lakes. The agreement makes no provision for any temporary deviations from the strict letter of the contract. It takes no ac count of the necessities of civil war or of the duty of each party to maintain the neutrality of its own citizens. As an ar rangement for immediate mutual disarma ment, the convention was effective and beneficial to both parties. By the end of 20 years it probably had done all that its framers had expected of It, and. In the opinion of many, it had accomplished all the good of which it was capable. Changed conditions and unforseen events speedily demonstrated that a literal com pliance with the agreement was imprac ticable, and might be suicidal. Great Britain first felt the necessity of trans gressing the letter of the contract. Dur ing the revolution In Canada in 1838 the British authorities Increased the naval armament on the Lakes beyond the limits fixed in the agreement. In 1841 the Amer ican Government built the iron side-wheel bark Michigan, which did not comply with the restrictions of the convention. It was 13 years before the British Govern ment formally protested, and tho matter was soon dropped, after the American Government intimating that It would be pleased to talk the matter over with the British Government. Mr. Boutell com ments: "Up to the present time the British Government has not accepted this Invita tion or presented Its views. The subject of the armament and tonnage of the Michigan has not occupied the British Ministry for 40 years. During that time this vessel has been prudently repaired, and has survived In good condition the shot and shell of 60 years of diplomatic correspondence. Even now, in quiet weather, this venerable craft may still be seen proudly but slowly bearing the American flag over the calm waters of the Great Lakes as she goes about her hydrographlc task of surveying the scenes of her former triumphs." ' Treaty Killed by Conprresa. During the CLvIl War the United States gave notice that it wished to terminate the convention, and Congress formally sanctioned this step in 1864. Then it was resuscitated In a sort of Informal way by Secretary Seward, and has since been considered In effect by both countries. Now It Is In the hands of the joint high commission for "revision," but the labors of tho commission have been suspended without reaching a definite result. "And so, with the suspension of the labors of the commission, the construction of the gunboat authorized by Congress three years ago Is also suspended, and the Rush-Bagot convention still survives." "Notwithstanding the passage by Con gress of the joint resolution of 1865, the Rush-Bagot convention still exerts its neutralizing influence upon tho waters of the Great Lakes, to the manifest satis faction of tho diplomatists of both coun tries, and with equally manifest injustice to the shipbuilders and Naval Militia of the Lake states. In April, 1890, F. W. Wheeler & Co., shipbuilders in West Bay City, Mich., were the lowest bidders for the construction of a steel practice vessel for the naval academy, of about SCO tons' displacement. Their bid was rejected on account of the agreement of 1S17, and the contract was awarded to another firm, whose bid was $5000 In excess of that of the Michigan firm. Other similar bids of Lake shipbuilders have been re jected by the Navy Department on the same ground. The department now re jects all bids for the construction of naval vessels on the Lakes even when they are to be taken unarmed to the ocean or in sections to Atlantic shipyards for com pletion." What attitude should the United States assume toward the convention once abrogated and- repeatedly violated by both parties In the future? Mr. Boutell sees three courses: Let It continue In force as at present, and persistently vio late its plain letter; secure modifications that will meet present conditions and future requirements; or, abrogate it alto gether. He hopes that the present Sec retary of State and the Ambassador from Great Britain "will soon be able personally to adjust the differences be tween the two countries and link their names to a treaty which, while Impar tially protecting the rights of both, will, as a pledge of permanent peace, rival the famous Rush-Bagot convention." AnnrchlNt Xnrnerles. Atlanta Constitution. Where do the anarchists come from? Do we want any more of them? The immigration bureau reports that 814,043 immigrants arrived from Europe in the first seven months of 1901. Three out of every four of them came from Italy, Austria-Hungary and Russia, in the following proportion: Italy 95,490 Austria-Hungary 83,527 Russia 51,901 Totf-il 233,918 These people have an Inherent hatred for government. They leave their country for their country's good and come to ours in order to revel In license. Talking of It! New York Tribune. Westward the march of exposition fe ver takes Its way. Portland, Or., Is now talking of celebrating with an exhibition the centenary of Lewis and Clark's cour ageous and momentous plunge into the far Western wilderness. FUNDAMENTALS OF ANARCHISMS. As the assassination of President Mc Kinley by an anarchist has, among other things, resulted In the arrest of one Emma Goldman upon the charge of being in some way connected therewith, and Inas much as she has for several years been one of the most prominent propagandists of anarchy in our country. It may at this time be of special interest to the reading public to know with a moderate degree of precision what the doctrine is for which she stands forth as a bold and conspicuous advocate. Some four or five years ago I listened to a number of her lectures In the City of San Francisco, and at the time wrote down In rough form what seemed to me to be a fair statement of the essence of her teaching. As a whole, her theories as then con tended for, may be stated thus: 1. That anarchy seeks tho fullest and best development of Individuals. 2. That in seeking such development of In dividuals, it also seeks the fullest and best development of society. 3. That the fullest and best development of individuals as such Involves and carries alenjc with It the fullest and best development oC society. 4. That the fullest and best development of Individuals requires that every person shoulci have tho most absolute liberty, free from ait legal restrictions, to do as he may please, provided he trench not upon the equal right of other people to do ths same. 5. That every Individual should be permit ted to deckle for himself where hla own lib erty, as above described, cnd3 and where thai of others persons begins. 6. That Individuals as such can reach their fullest and best development where, and only where they are granted the free and unre strained liberty above described. 7. That society a3 such can reach Its full est and best development, where, and only whero such frep and unrestrained liberty is enjoyed by individuals. Proceeding upon her theory as thus out lined, the objections Miss Goldman urged against government were: 1. That all governments place more or less of restriction upon the liberty of Individuals. 2. That In doing so all governments pre vent the fullest and best development or in dividuals. 3. That in preventing such development on the part of Individuals, all governments aiau prevent the fullest and best development of society, considered as a whole. Her remedy, therefore, for all the evils allllctlng mankind of which she com plained and her means for lifting individu als and society In general to their highest and best possible condition, as she then insisted, were as follows: 1. Abolish all governments, all Congresses and all Legislatures. 2. Abolish all constitutions and laws of every kind. 3. Abolish all courts of both high and low degree. 4. Abolish all institutions of every kind de riving their existence, rights or privileges from constitutions ar laws. The foregoing is my own digest in my own words of Miss Goldman's theories as taught by her when I heard her lectures. Whether she has since then modified them, I know not. That carried into practical effect they would lead to the most fright ful consequences, I have no doubt. But as my purpose In these lines is simply to state Miss Goldman's doctrines and not discuss them, my talk Is done. I there fore leave them without further comment to such consideration as the reader may see lit to give them. J. T. MORGAN. Portland. September 18. t ADMIRABLE BIT OF SATIRE. New York Evening Post. If pruriently disposed reformers would take a leaf from the book of Captains Hardy and Gannon, the town would be the quieter, and "business," as Chief Dev ery has remarked, would be better. There are several possible attitudes towards vice. There is the man who ferrets It out In order to suppress It, like Mr. Moss or Justice Jerome. There is the man who observes a Tvise tolerance towards the frailties of human nature, because it "spoils business" to advertise them. In this class Chief Devery Is easily first. Finally, there Is the white-souled man who cannot even suspect the existence of vice. Here at last we find Captain.-! Hardy and Gannon, who are apparently simply Incapable of thinking evil Captain Gannon Is caught In a disorderly house where he calls the Inmates by their first names, and yet he had never 90 much as suspected the character of the place, which he had often visited. Parson Adams preaching In Newgate and St. Francis converting the robber wolf of Arezzo are not more pathetic figures. Admirable as It Is for a police captain to spread the sweet Influences of his per sonal purity through the disorderly houses in his precinct, does It not show a still higher optimism to refuse, even against evidence, to believe In the presence of lawbreaklng? This was the case of Cap tain Hardy, of Maspeth, L. I. To the Trib une reporter who described a poolroom in full bla9t he turned an incredulous ear. A betting slip was shown him. and he was ignorant of Its use. Mingling with the men in the poolroom, he could only say: "I don't think they mean anything wrong." The crowd moved on In high procession to a public hall, a half mile away. But the Captain's optimism was unruffled, and to all complaints he only replied that he had been all over the precinct and there wasn't a poolroom In it. Such charity covers a multitude of sins, and go where you will In the de partment, you find the same perfectlon lstlc theory in force. The ofllcer who can so much as see a burglar, a prostitute, or a gambler Is the exception. If this tough old town had been taken in hand earlier. It Is conceivable that reform might have come by simple contact with the sweet unworldlness of Captains Gannon and Hardy and their spiritually-minded fellows. As it Is, we have grown old in evil-doing, and these benign Influences are probably insufficient to reform us. Even Captain Gannon's and Captain Hardy's precincts resist the light. The Death of Garfleld. James G. Blaine. As the end drew near his early craving for the sea returned. The stately mansion of power had been to him the wearisome hospital of pain, and he begged to be taken from Its prison walls, from Its op pressive stifling air, from Its homeless ness and Its hopelessness. Gently, silent ly the love of a great people bore the pale sufferer to the longed-for healing of the sea, to live or to die, as God should will, within sight of Its heaving billows, within sound of Its manifold voices. With wan, fevered face tenderly lifted to the cooling breeze, he ' looked out wistfully upon the ocean's changing wonders: on Its fair sails, whitening In the morning light; on Its restless waves, rolling shore ward to break and die beneath the noon day sun; on the red clouds of evening, arching low to the horizon: on the serene and shifting pathway of the stars. Let us think that his dying eyes read a mys tic meaning which only the rapt and part ing soul may know. Let us believe that in the silence of the receding world he heard the great waves breaking on a farther shore; and left already upon his wasted brow the breath of the eternal morning. i- A Question Answered. E. P. Howe In LIppincott, General Sherman was one of the most approachable men who ever commanded a great army. During his famous march to the sea, both North and South were com. pletely mystified as to what point he was striking for, and one day an old Georgia planter who had called at his headquar ters and enjoyed his good cheer asked him plumply If he had any objections to telling where his Army was bound. 'Not the least," said Sherman. Then, leaning over, he whispered in his guest's ear, but so loudly that everybody else In the fent overheard It, "We are going pretty much where we damn please." NOTE AND COMMENT. Nothing like an exposition to Gaojure up rain clouds. Darius Green, after alt, was about as successful as any of tham. The straw hat lingers Hk an. unloved guest. It is just as well to ramimi irreverent paragraphers that potatoes ar nw above ridicule. A frost Is as wafcoma fe tha tamfer as It Is unwelcome to tha aeter ami the mosquito. Every dog hao hfs gay. but that of the sea dog seems to be a good ways In the future. The Colorado mountain Mors wlM be able to enjoy three years and a half com parative safety. Santos-Dumont Is again reviewing the vogue of that fine old expression "a dull sickening: thud." There are no Turkish bths fw Turkey,. which explains why th Sultan'sr premises to pay never wash. It is sometimes wise to temper Justice with mercy, but the American people are entirely -out of temper just now. Peace-loving people are hoping and praying that the Czar and the Emperor are not planning another dkMemament conference. The Boers have ca-ptured two more com panies of British rntfaHtry. The Trans vaal was progresses merrily along to ward Its end. Life on $30 a year was the experience of A. M. Torrance, chairman of tha London County Council, when, at the age of 18. his career began at Glasgow. Mr. Tor rance made ?D0 meet all his needs and he bought a book or two beside, which he almost learned by heart. Ha admires punctuality loves a Scotch song above all things, and tells a Scotch story with no end of "pawky" humor. The King and Queen of Italy cannot endure the smell of tobacco, and none of the ladles and gentlemen In waiting are permitted to smoke when doing their turns of service, and no smoking is al lowed in the royal apartments. This aver sicn of the royal couple for tobacco is? the more surprising when one recalls the fact that the young Queen's mother and sisters all smoke cigarettes, that she waa brought up at the Russian court, where smoking by ladles Is the rule rather than the exception, and when one remembers how passionately fond of his cigar was the late King Humbert. All Partners. Tho following poem, which refers to the execution of President Garfield's assassin, waa written by Roaelter Johnson and waa pub lished originally In the New Yerk Sun la June. 16S2: Yes, hang him. of course! He deserve to rise "Where his heels may dangle e'er Hansan's head. At least we shall have ene seeundrel the less. Conveniently crazed in his flendteRHesa, To walk our streets In an Imioeent gute. With hla hidden pistol and stealthy tread. But when we have hanged him, what comes then .' Had he any confederates? Let us seel For the law Is imperfect and lame at best. And censure's weight sfcaald-AHWd. tV rest v On as many as possible, weraen (jr men. Who've assisted In breaking its lust decree. When a youth the Epheekm templfc Bred, That his name, as he said, might IrVe thro' time, 'Twos decreed that It never fee written or spoken A law by the chronielers qulekly broken. Who've given him all that he desired. And offered hla chosen reward for erime. Thus you, the historians, you are to blarney You offered this fellow a heavy brttw: If hed'd only encompass a shameful deed, A sickening sorrow to all who read, You'd give htm something as food as fame To any one of his vulgar tribe. Then you. the reporters, hungry for news. And nibbling at nothings for printed prate. You've dosed us to death with his nau seous name, With how he looks and whence he same, And what he drinks, and how he chews. Till the simple reader thinks him great. And wo who have read are guilty beside: To be curious hold we sacred right, A3 we smother a fainting man la the street. Or run to evil with hurrying feet Making a crowd where the felons may hide, And balking Justice to gratify sight. The quack who has striven the law to Im pede, The garrulous person to decency blind. Every fool who has asked for hie auto graph. Or greeted his Jests with a brutal laugh. Is an accessory after the deed. And before the next we shall have of its) kind. TVUa- .. MM. An.M k.l. .. w blow, f And the head of the Nation lies In state. While door-posts are darkened and songa are stilled. While our streets with the emblems of mourning are Ailed. While We follow tho funeral, sad and slow. We Bhall think of these things, Ged help us! toe late. At Rent. Baltimore American. At rest Folded hands across his breast? In the rest that was desired By hla murmured: "I am tired." Not a shadow on his face. Where a smile had left Its trace As though Death his marble lips Touched with tender fingertips. And we wonder if the peace Which his form encompasseth Is the glory of his life. Or the majesty of death. And from all the land there comes. As the requiems grandly surge. With the lilt of muffled drums. Sighing strains of Sorrow's dirge. Aye! A nation's heart te rent In the greatness of its throb. Seo the Gate of Grief unpent; Hear a stricken nation's sobs! At rest With his hands prone on his breast. Weary hands, that rest today From their pointing out the way; Weary hands, that wrought for peace;) Hands that bade the warfare eeaeef Weary hands as white and fair As the waxen lilies there. Though his soul has Journeyed on. Still there Is the coming dawn. And tho Sorrow of Today Brlngeth hope with her alway. Who can sing a good man's" deeds? Who can sing a good man's worth,, When his wisdom planted seeds That have bloomed o'er all the eath. When his wondrous mind and hand Have- achieved rrsults sublime? They a monument will stand That endureth for alt time. At rest Quiet hands acros his breast. And the West shall bring her rose. An the South her lilies white And the daisies of the North Be the stars In Sorrow's night. Aye, tho West shall brlnj; her reee. And the East her violet. And the garland of them all With a nation's tears be wet. W. D. Neeblt (Josh Wink),
