THE MOKtflKG. OBEGONIAJNT, SATUEDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1901.
H&te rggomcm
Entered at the Postoffice at Portland, Oregon,
as second-class matter.
TELEPHONES.
Editorial Rooms 160 Business Office... GG7
REVISED SUBSCRIPTION RATES.
By Mail (postace prepaid), in Advance
Bally, with Sunday, per month ..........5 85
Dally, Sunday excepted, per year.... 7 DO
Daily, with Sunday, per year 9 00
Sunday, per year ...................-.. 2 00
The Weekly, per year .................... 1 50
The Weekly. 3 months to
To City Subscribers
Daily, per -week, delivered, Sundays excepted.lbc
Daily, per -neck, delivered. Sundays lncluaed.20c
POSTAGE RATES.
"United States, Canada and Mexico:
10 to 16-pago paper.. .................... .lc
10 to 32-page paper. ........ ..........2c
Foreign rates double.
News or discussion intended for publication
In The Oregonian should be addressed Invaria
bly "Editor The Oregonian," not to the name
of any individual. Letters Telatlng to adver
tising, subscriptions or to any business matter
shouM be addressed simply "The Oregonian."
The Oregonian does not buy poems or stories
from individuals, and cannot undertake to re
turn any manuscripts sent to It without solici
tation. JCo stamps should be Inclosed for this
purpose.
Puget Sound Bureau Captain A. Thompson,
office at 1111 Pacific avenue, Tacoma. Box 955,
Tacoma Post office.
Eastern Business Office, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48. 49
Tribune building. New Tork City; 4C9 "The
Roekcry." Chicago; the S. C. Beckwith special
agency. Eastern representative.
For sale in San Francisco by J. K. Cooper,
746 Market street, near the Palace Hotel; Gold
smith Bros.. 23G Sutter street; F. TV. Pitts,
1008 Market street; Foster & Orear, Ferry
news stand.
For sale in Los Angeles by B. F. Gardner,
259 So Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 100
So. Spring street.
For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co..
217 Dearborn street.
For pale in Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1C12
Farnam street.
For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News
Co., 77 W. Second South street.
For sale in Ogden by W. C. Kind, 204 Twenty-fifth
street, and by C. H. Myers.
For pale In Kansas City. Mo., by Fred
Hutchinson, 1104 "Wyandotte street.
On file at Buffalo. N. Y.. In the Oregon ex
hibit at the exposition.
For sale In "Washington. D. C, by the Ebbett
House news stand.
For sale in Denver. Colo., by Hamilton &
Kendrick, 30G-912 Seventh street.
TODAY'S "WEATHER Occasional rain; brisk
to high southerly winds.
YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem
perature, r9; minimum temperature, 53; pre
cipitation, trace.
PORTLAND, SATURDAY, SEPT. SI.
A XEW 'GENERATION'.
It is a noteworthy fact that Theodore
Hoosevelt belongs to a generation that
was not identified at maturity with the
Civil "War, for he was not seven years
of age when Lee surrendered. Grant,
Hayes. Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland,
Harrison and McKlnley were all of mili
tary age in 186L Five of these Presi
dents were veteran soldiers of the Union
Army; Arthur was a conspicuous mem
ber of the staff of "War" Governor
Morgan, of New York, and Cleveland
-was a. pronounced opponent of Lincoln's
war policy. All of the Vice-Presidents
since 1868 have been men who were ma
ture spectators of the Civil War and
the reconstruction era that followed it,
save Roosevelt. Two of these Vice
Presidents, Hendricks and Stevenson,
-were conspicuous opponents of Lincoln's
war policy. All of these men during
their most impressible years of man
hood were subjected to an environment
of civil war and sectional civic strug
gle that more or less colored their views
and swayed their actions during much
of their subsequent public life and ac
tion. It could not be otherwise. The
Civil War was too realistic a struggle
in its pains and penalties both of war
and legislation consequent upon war not
to warp the champions of both sides
somewhat from the mooring place of
calm reason unalloyed by feeling and
prejudice.
The Dolltical -war cries of the Republi
can party dated back to the battlefields
of the Civil War. in the case of Grant,
Hayes. Garfield, Harrison and McKin
ley; the political war cries of the De
mocracy dated back to the Civil War
when such aggressive opponents of Lin
coln's policy as Seymour, Tilden, Hen
dricks. Cleveland and Thurman were
selected for standard-bearers. Not until
the advent of McKlnley, the youngest
graduate of the Union Army to become
President, has there been any marked
disposition on part of the Republican
party seriously to dismiss all memory of
the asperities of the Civil War. Per
haps, had it not been for the Spanish
War. the effort to substitute a National
spirit for sectional prejudice might not
Tiave been so successful as it proved
when attempted so graciously and cor
dially by President McKinley. The fu
neral of President McKlnley is likely to
be our last great military and civic pa
geant whose hero will date back to the
Civil War for the birth of his best
honors. The few surviving minor fig
ures of the great war for the Union are
sure of honorable burial, but their pass
ing will not make the -whole Nation halt
and doff Its hat in reverence before
their palL The South has yet to bury
its venerable hero. Longstreet, but in
spite of his great service to the Confed
erate cause the passing away of this
great captain would not thrill the South
with such deep and general emotion
as was exhibited when Lee and Davis
died.
The funeral honors to these men have
exhausted the Southern heart as com
pletely as the passing away of Grant,
Sheridan and Sherman exhausted that
of the North. The statesmen and sol
diers -who were men of military age, if
not of actual military service, during
the Civil War. are either now all dead
or on the retired list of political life;
the realistic din and romantic memory
of the Tvar is about extinct, because
the generation that fought it is no
longer the active, ruling, controlling
force in National politics. There is not
a. man in either of the great political
parties today likely to be elected Pres
ident who was of military age during
the Civil War. McKinley was the last
notable Republican leader who person
ally served in the Army of the Union.
Both houses of Congress include today
a number of men who belonged to the
generation of the war, but not one of
them is likely to be nominated for Pres
ident by either of the great political
parties. They are all men like Allison,
Hawley. Proctor, Frye, Hoar, Depew.
The only survivor of the generation of
the Civil War is United States Senator
Foraker. of Ohio, who is' but 55 years
of age and was a Union soldier at 16.
Outside of Foraker, the prospective
leading men of the Republican party
"were, like Roosevelt. Root and Henry
C. Lodge, not participants nor even ma
ture spectators of the Civil War.
With McKinlev nasses away proba
bly the last President who was a sol
dier or mature citizen during the great
war for the Union. We stand on the
threshold of a new departure. The per
sonal inspiration of the generation that
fought the Civil War is, for our weal or
woe, about completed and spent, for all
the notable figures of that generation
are either dead or on the retired list
because of age or infirmity, or are too
old to be selected for standard-bearers.
The genuine romance of the Ciyll War;
its inspiring realism, its sorrow, its
joy. its glory and its shame, are prac
tically dead as a supreme popular force
in the politics of the future. To the
generation of Roosevelt, Root and
Lodge will belong the future standard
bearers of the Republican party, and
probably of the Democratic party.
There is a growing like for young, vig
orous men as Presidential candidates;
men of the age and physical vigor of
Roosevelt and Bryan, and it is not
likely that the next Democratic candi
date for President will belong to the
generation that was soldier or mature
spectator of the Civil War.
It Is true that the military exploits
of Roosevelt made him Governor of
New York and Vice-President, but the
war with Spain did not last long
enough to furnish us with many men
whose heads are still lit up with a halo
of warlike glory. The day of candi
dates of patriotic military antecedents
is over for the present; the prizes of
politics henceforth will be won alto
gether in the field of civic statesman
ship; men of affairs, men of utilitarian
quality and attainments, will be the fa
vorite Presidential candidates of the
future. The Philippines may be re
garded as a closed incident; there are
no wars in prospect; and without wars
men of merely military antecedents or
purely patriotic record will stand no
chance with men of business ability.
THREE LESSORS.
Some things have been done by Pres
ident McKinley in his death which no
forethought or effort could have done
in life. The minds of his countrymen
have received lessons of great moral
and educational value, tending to toler
ation, to decorum and to humility.
Common danger and a common grief
have driven men of antagonistic creeds
to the same platform for praise and
prayer. We have progressed since Jew
could not recognize Catholic or Pres
byterian shake hands with Unitarian.
To one God the father of us all the
assembled thousands pour out their
supplication, led, perhaps, by the repre
sentative of papal "Anti-Christ" or by
the descendant of them who cried,
"Crucify him; his blood be upon our
heads!" He would be a hardy bigot
who should say today that the rabbi's
or archbishop's prayer did not reach
the common throne of grace. Such
hours of crrief and hope give new and
vital meaning to words like fatherhood
and brotherhood. No touch of Nature
is like sorrow to make the whole world
kin.
Then there is the widespread out
break against unreasoning and Immod
erate assaults upon the constituted au
thorities. Newspapers that have pic
tured President McKlnley as an oppres
sor and robber, enslaving the depend
encies and cruelly maltreating the poor,
hands reeking with blood and stained
with corruption, now find themselves
passing through a wilderness of popu
lar disapproval and distrust. Their at
tention is called to the fact that the
assassin has done little more than give
logical effect to the arraignment they
have formulated, and their adulation
now makes caustic commentary on their
previous abuse. This lesson should not
be lost upon American politics. Dis
cussion of measures and policies should
be thorough and fearless, but it must
also be dignified and temperate. Cen-,
sure of an official's acts must not be
confused with personal abuse of the
man.
What does the age need more than a
lesson in humility? The temper of poli
tics, science and ecclesiasticism is one of
arrogance. Success has made us mad
with self-sufficiency and pride. The
immediate recipient of the chastening
blow, -which should be felt in every
field of endeavor, is the medical profes
sion, glorying in the advance of sur
gery,, in its serum, and X-ray, and sani
tary discovery, and the hunt of poison
to its lair. But the Medical Journal
tells us that while the President's doc
tors did all they could and had every
reason to hope, yet they were wrong.
They formed correct conclusions from
such evidence as they had, but of the
real conditions they were Ignorant.
"They certainly erred," but that error
"argues no Incapacity or avoidable lack
of judgment." They meant well, they
did their best, but they didn't know.
"The medical man," says the Journal,
"Is not a perfect being." With all their
knowledge and fidelity and skill, they
could neither save the patient nor tell
the outcome of the case.
From this disaster to perhaps the
noblest of the professions let us draw
a universal lesson of humility. With
all his prowess and his intellect, man
must not take himself too seriously.
Under the inverted bowl we call the sky
he swarms and breeds and dies. Before
him spreads the future's Impenetrable
veil, no whit clearer to his gaze than
when Abraham fared forth from Meso
potamia or Job bewailed hl3 ignorance
of whatever lies beyond the grave. All
our boasted learning is but a drop in
the great ocean of things we do not
know. All our achievements pale beside
the aspirations we never realize, the
ideals we cannot reach. All we can do,
as with the doctors at Buffalo, falls
short of what we want to do. All we
can find out leaves us still baffled before
the hand of destiny, the unforeseen
blow of fate, the sudden wind of temp
tation that carries away the sails and
anchors of our best resolves, the riddle
of the universe.
More humiliating, perhaps, than all
else Is the knowledge that little as we
know, we prize that knowledge so light
ly. How to live we are well enough
apprised. There Is always more truth
in the world than will suffice for the
salvation of the race; but it is not
knowledge we need so much as purpose.
Until we have fulfilled the gospels that
have been preached by noble souls In
all ages, until we are awake to the
light that has already come into the
world, it is idle to cry for the new dis
covery, the new message. Most men
know enough, if they would only do.
NOT INDIGENOUS PLANTS.
It is no fair impeachment of our free
institutions that anarchists sometimes
ply their vocation with murderous suc
cess in this country. They are not in
digenous plants. They are found in
every civilized country in Europe", and
the devotees of the creed of anarchism
must be distinguished from such creat
ures as Booth and Guiteau. The orig
inal evangelist of anarchism as a polit
ical and social creed was the Russian,
Michael Bakunin, who preached the
doctrine of nihilism. There was an an
archist convention at Berne. Switzer
land, in 1ST6, when a campaign of vio
lence was projected and approved, but
it -was not until the London anarchist
convention was held, in 1881, that the
real plan of campaign peculiar- to an
archism was officially adopted.
The first victim of this propaganda
of assassination was Alexander II, Czar
of Russia, murdered in 1881, and its
latest European victim was King Hum
bert of Italy, in 1900. At this London
convention of 1881. when the destruc
tion of all rulers was decreed as an
act of faith. Herr Most and Prince
Kropotkin were the leaders. Herr Most
has degenerated Into a harmless bar
room blatherskite in New York City.
His imprisonment for incendiary talk
and action has cured him of any fur
ther desire to violate the laws of th
Empire State.
Prince Kropotkin is an educated Rus
sian who admits his responsibility for
many nihilist murders in his native
land. He arrived here last Spring. He
is too intelligent a man to allow his
anarchism to extend beyond a mere
"theory" in this country. He Is not the
kind of man who courts martyrdom,
and he has been content in this country
to nose as a philosopher and a philan
thropist. - All extreme anarchists come
from countries under oppressive, non
elected rulers. Theyx are chiefly Rus
sians. Italians and Germans, like Kro
potkin, Bresci, Emma Goldman, the late
Justus Schwab. Spies. Engel, Parsons
and their associates, who were executed
for the Haymarket Square murder in
Chicago In 1886, were doubtless genuine
apostles of the anarchist creed, and
they were all foreign norn and bred,
save Parsons, who'was a convert from
Texas.
The Russian anarchists, like Berg
mann and Goldman, are not indigenous
products of this country. They are
really products of the Russian social
and political system. Our country is no
more justly .chargeable, through its in
stitutions, for the production of such
a creature as the assassin of Presi
dent McKinley than it would be if Gold
man and her assassin apostle had gone
to Mexico and murdered President Diaz.
So far as the "philosophy" of anarchism
is concerned, it has been aptly de
scribed as "philosophy pushed beyond
her mark and become the procuress to
the lords of hell."
GENERAL M'CLELLAN AND GOV
ERNOR "STEVENS.
A new life of General George B. Mc
Clellan, by the late General Peter S.
Michie, has just been published by D.
Appleton & Co. General Michie thinks
that McCIellan's failure both as a strat
egist and a tactician was due to a
constitutional weakness and deficiency
in certain mental qualities, absolutely
essential to a successful soldier, and he
relates some facts concerning McCIel
lan's work upon the exploration of a
route for a railroad from the Missis
sippi River to the Pacific Ocean that
illustrate his argument The general
direction of this exploration and survey
had been assigned by the Secretary of
War to Isaac I. Stevens, Governor of
Washington Territory, and formerly an
officer of the Corps of Engineers, who
was directed to place Captain McClel
lan in charge of the western end of
this work. This required McClellan to
thoroughly explore the Cascade Range
from the Columbia River to the 49th
parallel, to make a detailed examina
tion of the passes, and upon completion
of the survey he was to proceed east
ward as far as the Rocky Mountains to
meet the main party coming from the
East under the immediate direction of
Governor Stevens. McClellan -arrived
at Fort Vancouver June 273,853, but it
was nearly a month before the expe
dition started. '
This expedition consisted of sixty-six
persons, including twenty-two packers
and three hunters iand herders for
178 animals. He crossed the dividing
ridge south of Mount Adams to the
eastern slope of the Cascade Range, and
reached Chequos, ninety-four miles from
Vancouver, August 8. Camp Wenass,
eighty-five miles beyond, was reached
August 26, where a depot was estab
lished until he could examine Nachess
Pass. He established his next camp at
Ketetas, on the Yakima River, and he
reached Snoqualmie Pass, at the head
of the Yakima Valley. September 6. He
made a very careless examination of
this pass, and his information as to
the depth of the Winter snow was
afterwards found to be quite erroneous,
he reporting it to be twenty-five feet,
whereas it scarcely ever exceeds seven.
McClellan did not fully accomplish the
object of his exploration, for he did not
discover the two passes which are now
in use by the Northern Pacific and
Great Northern Railroads to cross the
Cascade Range. The former, known as
the Stampede Pass, not more than fif
teen miles south of the Snoqualmie, lies
about midway between It and the
Nachess Pass, where McClellan report
ed there was certainly no pass, while
the latter, at the Wenatchee River,
was dismissed with the remark: "It ap
pears certain that there can be no pass
at its head for a road."
McClellan joined Stevens' main party
near Colville October 28, 1853. On No
vember 4 Governor Stevens learned at
Walla Walla that the snow difficulties
did not exist at Snoqualmie to the ex
tent that McClellan had reported, and
finally directed Mr. Tlnkham to at
tempt its passage, which the latter did,
leaving Walla Walla January 7, and
reaching Seattle January 26, 1854. In
the meantime Stevens had directed
McClellan to complete his survey of the
Snoqualmie Pass from the western side.
McClellan started from Olympia Decem
ber 23, reached Snoqualmie Falls, but,
owing to the increasing depth of the
snow, abandoned his purpose after a
short progress. McCIellan's failure con
trasted with the success of Tinkham
caused Stevens great dissatisfaction,
and produced a coolness between them
which did not disappear until 1861. Mc
Clellan certainly failed to determine
the existence and character of the
passes of the Cascade Range suitable
for a railroad crossing, for he reported
that at the Columbia River the only
one worth considering, and did nothing
to locate the two now used for that
purpose. His report to the second ses
sion of the Thirty-second Congress ex
hibits the same characteristic qualities
that were so fatal to his success as
commander of the Army of the Poto
mac. With a woefully deficient tug service
at the mouth of the Columbia, a short
age of cars with which to handle the
wheat crop in Portland territory, and
Insufficient space on the Oriental steam
ers, the "community of interest" regime
Is not a joy forever for Portland. Of
the three evils, the car shortage is un
doubtedly the worst, for the reason that
the Northern Pacific will put plenty of
cars into competitive territory and haul
to tidewater on Puget Sound wheat
cars into competitive territory and haul
to Portland if It had the proper equip
ment of rolling stock. The river towage
service of the O. R. & N. Co. could not
well.be improved on, and the bar serv
ice could not well be much worse, so far
as equipment for handling the increas
ing business Is concerned. These short
comings have been pretty generally re
alized in business circles for a number
of months, but they seem to have es
caped the attention of those In a posi
tion to remedy them.
Colonel James M. Bell. Eighth United
States Cavalry, who has been nomi
nated for Brigadier-General, U. S. A.,
vice General Ludlow, deceased, entered
the Union Army as First Lieutenant in
the Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry in June,
1862. became Captain of the Thirteenth
Pennsylvania Cavalry in June, 1863, in
which regiment he served until his mus
ter out In July, 1865. He was commis
sioned Second Lieutenant, Seventh
United States Cavalry, in July, 1866.
At the outbreak of the Spanish War in
189S he was Major of the First United
States Cavalry. He was appointed
Colonel of the Twenty-seventh United
States Infantry. July 5. 1899, and Brigadier-General
of Volunteers in Janu
ary, 1900. During the Civil War he was
brevetted Captain for gallant services
at the Wilderness; Major for gallant
services at Reams Station. He was
brevetted Lieutenant-Colorfel for gallant
services in action against the Indians
at Canyon Creek, Mont., September 13,
1877.
Public attention will now be centered
upon the Schley court of inquiry, which
resumed its interrupted session in Wash
ington yesterday, and for the next fort
night at least the country will be di
vided sharply between champions of
Schley and champions of Sampson.
Opinion settles nothing when it comes
to a case of this kind. The august
naval court headed by Admiral Dewey
will dive deep after bottom facts in this
lamentable controversy, and without
doubt will secure them. The great pity
in this case lies in the fact that, no
matter who wins, the character of a
brave and valiant naval oflicer who has
served his country long and well will
suffer by the findings. The only safe
prediction at this stage of proceedings
is that the charges of cowardice that
have been made against Schley will not
be sustained. The triumph of bureau
cracy could not under any circum
stances go so far as that.
The name of J. W. Cleaver, the pio
neer chalrmaker, who died at his home
on Mount Tabor Thursday, stands for
that of an honest man, who wrought
into his work something of the sub
stantial fiber of which his life was made
up. Chairs stamped with his name,
that have stood the wear and tear of
romping boys and girls for more than
a generation, are still to be found fn
the kitchens and back chambers of
many homes that have supplanted the
log cabins in whose "best rooms" they
were once the chief articles of luxury.
The simple plaudits that are the just
meed of labor that takes pride enough
in its calling to do its best at anything
to which it turns its hand follow this
honest, Industrious pioneer craftsman
to his grave.
Shockingly out of place in the throng
that gathered In Multnomah Field
Thursday to pay the last tribute of re
spect tovthe memory of President Mc-
-Klnley were the candy peddlers, who,
with trays suspended from their chests,
.did a thriving business, while eloquent
eulogies were being- pronounced and
the strains of funeral music stole up
and out upon the air. We wonder at
the lack of reverent spirit in American
youth, yet we tolerate, even upon the
most sacred and solemn occasions, a
spirit of irreverence that for a few cents
panders to the unmannerly habit of
stuffing and guzzling in public, regard
less of the occasion of the gathering.
The alleged "regular liners" plying
out of Puget Sound ports are still
obliged to seek other ports for cargoes.
It has been but a few weeks since Port
land sent out a couple of cargoes on
vessels of Seattle's much-heralded
round-the-world line. Yesterday one of
Tacoma's "Glen" liners arrived In the
Columbia, and will load a full cargo at
Portland for Europe. Meanwhile, Port
land is shipping 15,000 barrels of flour
to Tacoma to help fill out a cargo which
could not be completed on Puget Sound,
and within the current month over 30,
,000 bushels of wheat has been shipped
from Portland 10 Tacoma by rail to fill
out another cargo.
For the first time In many years
there will be a family in the sense
that romping, vivacious boys and girls
constitute a family In the White
House. It is understood that the Roose
velt youngsters have been kept well
In hand by a prudent mother and some
what exacting father, hence the wear
and tear on the Nation's manse and
furniture will not be unduly severe.
But the children will have "good times."
No boy or girl In the Nation doubts
that, knowing what he or she would
do In the place of these young Roose
velts. Low-flying clouds are scurrying across
the heavens, the fine-sifted mist has de
scended like a benediction upon the
umbrellas of just and unjust, the wind
blows fresh from the south, the expo
sition is already open, and the State
Fair will be In business Monday. Ore
gon is herself again.
The story of the assassination of
President McKinley has gone into his
tory. It Is an old story now to all ex
cept the desolate woman who sits In
the darkened home In Canton. To her
it is an ever-present reality; to all oth
ers it is a tale that is told.
The golden opportunity before the
Senate to- rid itself of Senator Welling
ton Is not likely to recur. There is a
tide in the affairs of Senates as well as
in the affairs of men.
Reports from the court of inquiry
would indicate that Admiral is the low
est grade "in the United States Navy.
Two Extremes in Government.
Kansas Oity Journal.
The Socialist journals are taking occa
sion to point out the wide difference be
tween socialism and anarchy. Anarchy
opposes all government, while socialism
believes in the government owning and
controlling everything. They are two ex
tremes between which civilized peoples
find the practical and happy mean-
Igrnore a Manifest Right.
Kansas City Star.
The right of protection to the govern
ment which vouchsafes the most generous
care to the disabled soldiers does not seem,
to be admitted by the persons who are con
demning Commissioner Evans for pre
venting the practice of fraud on the Na
tional Treasury.
THE RUSH-BAGOT CONTENTION.
Chicago Post.
Not wltnout reason does Congressman.
Henry Sherman Boutell ask, in the Sep
tember North American Review, "Is the
Rush-Bagot Convention Immortal?" as
will appear from the rather full discus
sion of the question which follows. Be
cause so few know what the Rush-Bagot
convention is it may be set down here
that It refers to the so-called treaty be
tween the United States and Great Brit
ain, concluded In 1S17, concerning the
maintaining and building of vessels on
the Great Lakes.
Mr. Boutell gives a copy of the corre
spondence between Richard Rush, act
ing Secretary of State, and Right. Hon.
Charles Bagot, the British Minister to
the United States, which constitutes this
compact that has been binding upon, the
two countries for over S4 years, .and
which, though not regularly so drawn,
"must be considered as possessing all the
binding force and effect of a treaty," and
then adds:
"It may perhaps aid us in arriving at
a just conclusion respecting the questions
which arise in connection with this con
vention, and the proper attitude of the
United States toward them, to consider
(1) the circumstances under which the
agreement was made and the objects
which were sought to be accomplished
by it; (2) the manner in which the
parties have observed the convention, and
the interpretations which they have placed
upon it; (3) the reasons which have been
given for its abrogation or modifica
tion." The conditions which surround the fram
ers of this convention differed so radically
from the conditions which existed today
that literal compliance with the terms of
the agreement is little less than absurd,
Inasmuch" as it often produces results
which were not Intended or oven con
templated by the parties.
The thought that was uppermost in the
minds of the framers of the convention
was the necessity for the removal of the
greatest obstacle to a good understand
ing between the two countries by the
disarmament of the naval forces on the
lakes, following the disturbed conditions
of the war of 1812. There was little. If
any. concern about the remote future.
Conditions Have Clinnpred.
Except the four vessels agreed upon, no
other vessels of war were to be "main
tained." "built" or armed on the lakes.
As there was no navigable connection
between the lakes, or between Lake On
tario and the ocean, when Mr. Bagot
and Mr. Rush used these terms, they
understood that a vessel could not be
maintained upon the Lakes unless It had
been built there, and that a vessel could
not be armed or built on the Lakes and
maintained elsewhere. From their point
of view, to build on the Lakes was to
maintain on the Lakes.
The agreement makes no provision for
any temporary deviations from the strict
letter of the contract. It takes no ac
count of the necessities of civil war or of
the duty of each party to maintain the
neutrality of its own citizens. As an ar
rangement for immediate mutual disarma
ment, the convention was effective and
beneficial to both parties. By the end
of 20 years it probably had done all that
its framers had expected of It, and. In the
opinion of many, it had accomplished all
the good of which it was capable.
Changed conditions and unforseen events
speedily demonstrated that a literal com
pliance with the agreement was imprac
ticable, and might be suicidal. Great
Britain first felt the necessity of trans
gressing the letter of the contract. Dur
ing the revolution In Canada in 1838 the
British authorities Increased the naval
armament on the Lakes beyond the limits
fixed in the agreement. In 1841 the Amer
ican Government built the iron side-wheel
bark Michigan, which did not comply with
the restrictions of the convention. It
was 13 years before the British Govern
ment formally protested, and tho matter
was soon dropped, after the American
Government intimating that It would be
pleased to talk the matter over with the
British Government. Mr. Boutell com
ments:
"Up to the present time the British
Government has not accepted this Invita
tion or presented Its views. The subject
of the armament and tonnage of the
Michigan has not occupied the British
Ministry for 40 years. During that time
this vessel has been prudently repaired,
and has survived In good condition the
shot and shell of 60 years of diplomatic
correspondence. Even now, in quiet
weather, this venerable craft may still be
seen proudly but slowly bearing the
American flag over the calm waters of
the Great Lakes as she goes about her
hydrographlc task of surveying the scenes
of her former triumphs." '
Treaty Killed by Conprresa.
During the CLvIl War the United States
gave notice that it wished to terminate
the convention, and Congress formally
sanctioned this step in 1864. Then it was
resuscitated In a sort of Informal way by
Secretary Seward, and has since been
considered In effect by both countries.
Now It Is In the hands of the joint high
commission for "revision," but the labors
of tho commission have been suspended
without reaching a definite result. "And
so, with the suspension of the labors of
the commission, the construction of the
gunboat authorized by Congress three
years ago Is also suspended, and the
Rush-Bagot convention still survives."
"Notwithstanding the passage by Con
gress of the joint resolution of 1865, the
Rush-Bagot convention still exerts its
neutralizing influence upon tho waters of
the Great Lakes, to the manifest satis
faction of tho diplomatists of both coun
tries, and with equally manifest injustice
to the shipbuilders and Naval Militia of
the Lake states. In April, 1890, F. W.
Wheeler & Co., shipbuilders in West Bay
City, Mich., were the lowest bidders for
the construction of a steel practice vessel
for the naval academy, of about SCO tons'
displacement. Their bid was rejected on
account of the agreement of 1S17, and
the contract was awarded to another
firm, whose bid was $5000 In excess of
that of the Michigan firm. Other similar
bids of Lake shipbuilders have been re
jected by the Navy Department on the
same ground. The department now re
jects all bids for the construction of naval
vessels on the Lakes even when they are
to be taken unarmed to the ocean or in
sections to Atlantic shipyards for com
pletion." What attitude should the United States
assume toward the convention once
abrogated and- repeatedly violated by
both parties In the future? Mr. Boutell
sees three courses: Let It continue In
force as at present, and persistently vio
late its plain letter; secure modifications
that will meet present conditions and
future requirements; or, abrogate it alto
gether. He hopes that the present Sec
retary of State and the Ambassador
from Great Britain "will soon be able
personally to adjust the differences be
tween the two countries and link their
names to a treaty which, while Impar
tially protecting the rights of both, will,
as a pledge of permanent peace, rival
the famous Rush-Bagot convention."
AnnrchlNt Xnrnerles.
Atlanta Constitution.
Where do the anarchists come from?
Do we want any more of them?
The immigration bureau reports that
814,043 immigrants arrived from Europe
in the first seven months of 1901. Three
out of every four of them came from
Italy, Austria-Hungary and Russia, in the
following proportion:
Italy 95,490
Austria-Hungary 83,527
Russia 51,901
Totf-il 233,918
These people have an Inherent hatred
for government. They leave their country
for their country's good and come to ours
in order to revel In license.
Talking of It!
New York Tribune.
Westward the march of exposition fe
ver takes Its way. Portland, Or., Is now
talking of celebrating with an exhibition
the centenary of Lewis and Clark's cour
ageous and momentous plunge into the
far Western wilderness.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANARCHISMS.
As the assassination of President Mc
Kinley by an anarchist has, among other
things, resulted In the arrest of one Emma
Goldman upon the charge of being in
some way connected therewith, and Inas
much as she has for several years been
one of the most prominent propagandists
of anarchy in our country. It may at this
time be of special interest to the reading
public to know with a moderate degree
of precision what the doctrine is for
which she stands forth as a bold and
conspicuous advocate. Some four or five
years ago I listened to a number of her
lectures In the City of San Francisco, and
at the time wrote down In rough form
what seemed to me to be a fair statement
of the essence of her teaching.
As a whole, her theories as then con
tended for, may be stated thus:
1. That anarchy seeks tho fullest and best
development of Individuals.
2. That in seeking such development of In
dividuals, it also seeks the fullest and best
development of society.
3. That the fullest and best development of
individuals as such Involves and carries alenjc
with It the fullest and best development oC
society.
4. That the fullest and best development of
Individuals requires that every person shoulci
have tho most absolute liberty, free from ait
legal restrictions, to do as he may please,
provided he trench not upon the equal right
of other people to do ths same.
5. That every Individual should be permit
ted to deckle for himself where hla own lib
erty, as above described, cnd3 and where thai
of others persons begins.
6. That Individuals as such can reach their
fullest and best development where, and only
where they are granted the free and unre
strained liberty above described.
7. That society a3 such can reach Its full
est and best development, where, and only
whero such frep and unrestrained liberty is
enjoyed by individuals.
Proceeding upon her theory as thus out
lined, the objections Miss Goldman urged
against government were:
1. That all governments place more or less
of restriction upon the liberty of Individuals.
2. That In doing so all governments pre
vent the fullest and best development or in
dividuals. 3. That in preventing such development on
the part of Individuals, all governments aiau
prevent the fullest and best development of
society, considered as a whole.
Her remedy, therefore, for all the evils
allllctlng mankind of which she com
plained and her means for lifting individu
als and society In general to their highest
and best possible condition, as she then
insisted, were as follows:
1. Abolish all governments, all Congresses
and all Legislatures.
2. Abolish all constitutions and laws of
every kind.
3. Abolish all courts of both high and low
degree.
4. Abolish all institutions of every kind de
riving their existence, rights or privileges
from constitutions ar laws.
The foregoing is my own digest in my
own words of Miss Goldman's theories as
taught by her when I heard her lectures.
Whether she has since then modified them,
I know not. That carried into practical
effect they would lead to the most fright
ful consequences, I have no doubt. But
as my purpose In these lines is simply to
state Miss Goldman's doctrines and not
discuss them, my talk Is done. I there
fore leave them without further comment
to such consideration as the reader may
see lit to give them.
J. T. MORGAN.
Portland. September 18.
t
ADMIRABLE BIT OF SATIRE.
New York Evening Post.
If pruriently disposed reformers would
take a leaf from the book of Captains
Hardy and Gannon, the town would be
the quieter, and "business," as Chief Dev
ery has remarked, would be better. There
are several possible attitudes towards
vice. There is the man who ferrets It out
In order to suppress It, like Mr. Moss or
Justice Jerome. There is the man who
observes a Tvise tolerance towards the
frailties of human nature, because it
"spoils business" to advertise them. In
this class Chief Devery Is easily first.
Finally, there Is the white-souled man
who cannot even suspect the existence
of vice. Here at last we find Captain.-!
Hardy and Gannon, who are apparently
simply Incapable of thinking evil Captain
Gannon Is caught In a disorderly house
where he calls the Inmates by their first
names, and yet he had never 90 much as
suspected the character of the place,
which he had often visited. Parson
Adams preaching In Newgate and St.
Francis converting the robber wolf of
Arezzo are not more pathetic figures.
Admirable as It Is for a police captain to
spread the sweet Influences of his per
sonal purity through the disorderly houses
in his precinct, does It not show a still
higher optimism to refuse, even against
evidence, to believe In the presence of
lawbreaklng? This was the case of Cap
tain Hardy, of Maspeth, L. I. To the Trib
une reporter who described a poolroom in
full bla9t he turned an incredulous ear.
A betting slip was shown him. and he
was ignorant of Its use. Mingling with
the men in the poolroom, he could only
say: "I don't think they mean anything
wrong." The crowd moved on In high
procession to a public hall, a half mile
away. But the Captain's optimism was
unruffled, and to all complaints he only
replied that he had been all over the
precinct and there wasn't a poolroom In
it. Such charity covers a multitude of
sins, and go where you will In the de
partment, you find the same perfectlon
lstlc theory in force. The ofllcer who can
so much as see a burglar, a prostitute,
or a gambler Is the exception. If this
tough old town had been taken in hand
earlier. It Is conceivable that reform might
have come by simple contact with the
sweet unworldlness of Captains Gannon
and Hardy and their spiritually-minded
fellows. As it Is, we have grown old in
evil-doing, and these benign Influences
are probably insufficient to reform us.
Even Captain Gannon's and Captain
Hardy's precincts resist the light.
The Death of Garfleld.
James G. Blaine.
As the end drew near his early craving
for the sea returned. The stately mansion
of power had been to him the wearisome
hospital of pain, and he begged to be
taken from Its prison walls, from Its op
pressive stifling air, from Its homeless
ness and Its hopelessness. Gently, silent
ly the love of a great people bore the
pale sufferer to the longed-for healing
of the sea, to live or to die, as God should
will, within sight of Its heaving billows,
within sound of Its manifold voices. With
wan, fevered face tenderly lifted to the
cooling breeze, he ' looked out wistfully
upon the ocean's changing wonders: on
Its fair sails, whitening In the morning
light; on Its restless waves, rolling shore
ward to break and die beneath the noon
day sun; on the red clouds of evening,
arching low to the horizon: on the serene
and shifting pathway of the stars. Let
us think that his dying eyes read a mys
tic meaning which only the rapt and part
ing soul may know. Let us believe that
in the silence of the receding world he
heard the great waves breaking on a
farther shore; and left already upon his
wasted brow the breath of the eternal
morning.
i-
A Question Answered.
E. P. Howe In LIppincott,
General Sherman was one of the most
approachable men who ever commanded a
great army. During his famous march to
the sea, both North and South were com.
pletely mystified as to what point he was
striking for, and one day an old Georgia
planter who had called at his headquar
ters and enjoyed his good cheer asked him
plumply If he had any objections to telling
where his Army was bound.
'Not the least," said Sherman. Then,
leaning over, he whispered in his guest's
ear, but so loudly that everybody else In
the fent overheard It, "We are going
pretty much where we damn please."
NOTE AND COMMENT.
Nothing like an exposition to Gaojure up
rain clouds.
Darius Green, after alt, was about as
successful as any of tham.
The straw hat lingers Hk an. unloved
guest.
It is just as well to ramimi irreverent
paragraphers that potatoes ar nw above
ridicule.
A frost Is as wafcoma fe tha tamfer as
It Is unwelcome to tha aeter ami the
mosquito.
Every dog hao hfs gay. but that of
the sea dog seems to be a good ways In
the future.
The Colorado mountain Mors wlM be able
to enjoy three years and a half com
parative safety.
Santos-Dumont Is again reviewing the
vogue of that fine old expression "a dull
sickening: thud."
There are no Turkish bths fw Turkey,.
which explains why th Sultan'sr premises
to pay never wash.
It is sometimes wise to temper Justice
with mercy, but the American people are
entirely -out of temper just now.
Peace-loving people are hoping and
praying that the Czar and the Emperor
are not planning another dkMemament
conference.
The Boers have ca-ptured two more com
panies of British rntfaHtry. The Trans
vaal was progresses merrily along to
ward Its end.
Life on $30 a year was the experience of
A. M. Torrance, chairman of tha London
County Council, when, at the age of 18.
his career began at Glasgow. Mr. Tor
rance made ?D0 meet all his needs and
he bought a book or two beside, which
he almost learned by heart. Ha admires
punctuality loves a Scotch song above all
things, and tells a Scotch story with no
end of "pawky" humor.
The King and Queen of Italy cannot
endure the smell of tobacco, and none of
the ladles and gentlemen In waiting are
permitted to smoke when doing their
turns of service, and no smoking is al
lowed in the royal apartments. This aver
sicn of the royal couple for tobacco is?
the more surprising when one recalls the
fact that the young Queen's mother and
sisters all smoke cigarettes, that she waa
brought up at the Russian court, where
smoking by ladles Is the rule rather than
the exception, and when one remembers
how passionately fond of his cigar was
the late King Humbert.
All Partners.
Tho following poem, which refers to the
execution of President Garfield's assassin, waa
written by Roaelter Johnson and waa pub
lished originally In the New Yerk Sun la
June. 16S2:
Yes, hang him. of course! He deserve to
rise
"Where his heels may dangle e'er Hansan's
head.
At least we shall have ene seeundrel the
less.
Conveniently crazed in his flendteRHesa,
To walk our streets In an Imioeent gute.
With hla hidden pistol and stealthy tread.
But when we have hanged him, what comes
then .'
Had he any confederates? Let us seel
For the law Is imperfect and lame at
best.
And censure's weight sfcaald-AHWd. tV
rest v
On as many as possible, weraen (jr men.
Who've assisted In breaking its lust decree.
When a youth the Epheekm templfc Bred,
That his name, as he said, might IrVe thro'
time,
'Twos decreed that It never fee written or
spoken
A law by the chronielers qulekly broken.
Who've given him all that he desired.
And offered hla chosen reward for erime.
Thus you, the historians, you are to blarney
You offered this fellow a heavy brttw:
If hed'd only encompass a shameful deed,
A sickening sorrow to all who read,
You'd give htm something as food as fame
To any one of his vulgar tribe.
Then you. the reporters, hungry for news.
And nibbling at nothings for printed prate.
You've dosed us to death with his nau
seous name,
With how he looks and whence he same,
And what he drinks, and how he chews.
Till the simple reader thinks him great.
And wo who have read are guilty beside:
To be curious hold we sacred right,
A3 we smother a fainting man la the
street.
Or run to evil with hurrying feet
Making a crowd where the felons may hide,
And balking Justice to gratify sight.
The quack who has striven the law to Im
pede, The garrulous person to decency blind.
Every fool who has asked for hie auto
graph. Or greeted his Jests with a brutal laugh.
Is an accessory after the deed.
And before the next we shall have of its)
kind.
TVUa- .. MM. An.M k.l. .. w
blow, f
And the head of the Nation lies In state.
While door-posts are darkened and songa
are stilled.
While our streets with the emblems of
mourning are Ailed.
While We follow tho funeral, sad and slow.
We Bhall think of these things, Ged help
us! toe late.
At Rent.
Baltimore American.
At rest
Folded hands across his breast?
In the rest that was desired
By hla murmured: "I am tired."
Not a shadow on his face.
Where a smile had left Its trace
As though Death his marble lips
Touched with tender fingertips.
And we wonder if the peace
Which his form encompasseth
Is the glory of his life.
Or the majesty of death.
And from all the land there comes.
As the requiems grandly surge.
With the lilt of muffled drums.
Sighing strains of Sorrow's dirge.
Aye! A nation's heart te rent
In the greatness of its throb.
Seo the Gate of Grief unpent;
Hear a stricken nation's sobs!
At rest
With his hands prone on his breast.
Weary hands, that rest today
From their pointing out the way;
Weary hands, that wrought for peace;)
Hands that bade the warfare eeaeef
Weary hands as white and fair
As the waxen lilies there.
Though his soul has Journeyed on.
Still there Is the coming dawn.
And tho Sorrow of Today
Brlngeth hope with her alway.
Who can sing a good man's" deeds?
Who can sing a good man's worth,,
When his wisdom planted seeds
That have bloomed o'er all the eath.
When his wondrous mind and hand
Have- achieved rrsults sublime?
They a monument will stand
That endureth for alt time.
At rest
Quiet hands acros his breast.
And the West shall bring her rose.
An the South her lilies white
And the daisies of the North
Be the stars In Sorrow's night.
Aye, tho West shall brlnj; her reee.
And the East her violet.
And the garland of them all
With a nation's tears be wet.
W. D. Neeblt (Josh Wink),