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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 30, 1900)
rv '!Ty Sg-r?1 jpf1 ? ffJ5p '" : Wfw r 5 -- -- - ' THE &ORKIN0" OHEGOl!7IA3T, THURSDAY, 'AUGUST -8GF, 1900. !Kri "ww fTP?-,rT-K, - ',hg rastum festered at the PostoOc at Portland. Oregon. as aecosd-claxz matter. TELEPHONES. SZ<orlsl Rooms. 1GG 1 Business Oface ..6S7 ETVISED SUBSCRIPTION HATES. By Mall (postage prepaid), la Advance 3a.:y, with Sunday, P" Jaonth. ........ g g &&. Sunday excepted, per year.. Xw-ir, with Sunday, per year. J fcutday. per year . .. g TTta Weekly, per year..... - rx Hie Weekir. 3 months.....-..- " Ta City Subscriber . . ,- Sally, per week. delivered. Sunday ePtea-i aJy. per week, delivered. Sundays lncluca.o POSTAGE RATES. United State. Canada and Mexico: 30 to lG-page paper 6 to 22-page paper -Foreign ratea double. Ncwo or discussion intended for publication In Th Oreironlan should be addressed Invariably t'TCdltor The Oregonlan," not to the name of kny Individual, letters relating to advertising, subscriptions or to cry business matter sthoulJ Ibe addressed riniply "The Oregronlan." Tb Orogonlen does not buy poem or stories Trom Irdlviduals. and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscripts sent to it without eollclta Xlou. Ko stamp eboulfl be Inclosed for this iXRtrpose, Paget Bound Bureau Captain A. Thompson. B3c at 3111 Pactflc avMiue. Tacoma. Box 033. TTaoorna portofncc Eastern Business Office The Tribune bulld Ibr New Tork City; "The Purokery." Chicago; the S. C, Beckwith special agency. JSew Tork. Tor aa in San Francisco by J. K. Cooper. T48 Market street, near he Palace hotel, and Ttt GUdsmtth Bros., 23C Sutter strett. For sale in Chicago by the P. O. News Ccw SIT Dearborn street. TODAY'S TVEATHER.-Generally fair, with (northwesterly -winds. i T?OB,TLAXDf THURSDAY, AUGUST 30 THE SAME "AMERICA." Fondness for literary and historical mystification lias led to fresh attempt to make difficulty over the origin of the name "America." Ricardo Palma, director of the National Library of Peru, has published a book -which re Tives and reviews an old controversy as to the origin of the name of the "Western Hemisphere. He contends lhat it was not named for Amerigo Vespucci, the Florentine, but that "Amerlc" is the native name of a mountain range in Central America, and as there -was much search for gold along those coasts by Spanish adven turrrs, the n&me "Amerlc" became a familiar one, and so passed on into usage and gradually into written and printed accounts. Then the Florentine merchant's name was changed by a French printer to "Amerlcus," in honor of his travels in the New World, and others carried forward the compliment until the name became fixed and Amer igo Vespucci carries the honor that ehuuld he borne by Christopher Colum lus. This last undoubtedly is true: tsut the derivation from the name or supposed name of the mountain range is fanciful. The theory is not now or iginal, "but has been worked over many limes, and little or ""nothing seems to have been added to it by the writer of Peru. The "bibliography of the origin of the name "America" is very extensive, but there is no difficulty in the solution. It is. Indeed, an unsettled question tow far the authority of Amerigo as to his voyages is to be trusted. In Ills letters which were printed in many languages and scattered over Europe ho told of four voyages to the New "World; but no original of these let ters is extant, and such accounts as they may have contained are sum maries by other hands. It has been settled with much certainty that the first of the voyages never took place; Lut the fiction may have arisen from the blunders of compilers or copyists who dealt with Amerigo's materials. There is historical proof of three voy ages, but in none of them was Amerigo the commander. He is spoken of in the records as a pilot, and doubtless at tained much authority as an explorer and navigator. He seems to have been assiduous with his pen, and as there was intense eagerness throughout the Old "World to hear of the New, his let ters, multiplied by the printing-press, then. Just coming into use, were spread far and wide. But he never claimed the name of the "Western Hemisphere for himself. This fortune came to him through a printer in an obscure part of France, where an account of his voyages, apparently derived from his letters, was printed. Genuine copies of this publication are still extant. It was apparently compiled "by the print er, Martin Walsmuller. Its date was the year 1507. The compiler seems to have been unacquainted with the claims of Columbus; so he wrote: "I see iio reason why this fourth part o the world should not take its name from its sagacious discoverer, and bo caLed Amerige or America." For this Idea he goes on to adduce a fanciful Justification. Both Europe and Asia had obtained their names from women; it is now the turn of the male sex; and the woM "America" was forth with written in large letters on the margin. This freak of an obscure printer indelibly stamped the New "World with its destined name. The name commended Itself to the ear and was soon taken for granted. The work in whloh it appeared quick ly ran through several editions. The original was in Latin, hut It was soon translated into modern languages, and became the common property of Eu rope, It will be seen that the name which the New "World thus acquired neither pnn-es that Columbus was for gotten nor that Amerigo had usurped his fame, hut that a new power had thus come into existence, greater than monarchs and councils, though capable of being set in action by feeble and obscure hands. The naming of Amer ica is but an Illustration, though an earlr and striking one, of the power of the Printlng-Press. Twenty-flve years ago the theory that the name was taken from a mountain range in Central America was brought forward by a French writer, Jules Harcpu. It seems to have been orig inal with him. Some years after his first essays on the subject he published c, book, which, however, appears to have been about as fanciful as Don nelly's "Cryptogram" of Shakespeare. American historiographers give the theory no crc-dit. It has, in fact, been useful only as a means of spreading the inquiry as to how America really S0tlt8 name. "What is Bryan doing in Nebraska? "Why does he own a house and lot at Lincoln? Does he not know he holds land robbed by imperialism, from the attainted savage? Would he not argue more logically if he lived in one of the thirteen original states? For Bryan's, father to bo; an oppressor of the negro 'was bad enough, although it was not Imperialism; but for his son to be ac j toscrf-aligtin the "West is preposterous. J But why Is Bryan in America, any how? Would it not he more consistent In him to return to Ireland and to be queath his possessions to the descend ants of those whom the white man's greed has ravaged? MMITATIOXS OP PARTISANSHIP. Senator Scott Intimates that New Tork is in danger. He says this in order to spur the Republicans to re newed effprts. Probably he does not believe it. Probably he does not even believe that SIcKInley's vote will be 100,000 less than in 189C. It Is a pity to have to print as news such palpable campaign ruses. Unfortunately, they are about all that may he had from either headquarters. Imagine- Jones issuing a manifesto 'that Stevenson is an old woman, or Hanna announcing that Roosevelt talks too muth with his mouth! It certainly begins to be a serious question how much of these prodigious labors ofcampaign managers can be regarded as worth what they cost At every National convention one encoun ters a multitude of enthusiastic camp followers. They profess that the only hope of the country lies In the Repub lican (or Democratic) party. They re gard Bryan (or McKlnley) as the great est living American statesman. This spontaneous outbreak of enthusiasm, shown In excited faces, deafening cheers and waving of innumerable flags. Indicates a great popular tidal wave in the direction of Republican (or Democratic) principles. It shows that the specious phrases of the op position can no longer deceive, and that the country is preparing to ren der an overwhelming verdict in No vember for the Democratic (or Repub lican) cause. Nothing is more obvious than that many of these thorough-going parti sans are sincere to a fault. But must there not be increasing numbers of them who sometimes weary of the whole business, and realize that the general run of busy, practical people who have no hope of political prefer ment, must be only slightly moved by these partisan demonstrations? Can't they .reflect that for every man in their camp to whom the Republican (or Democratic) shield appears all white, there is a corresponding man In the other camp to whom it appears all black, and that the outsider must first be induced to put on the partisan spec tacles before he can see objects in the partisan tint? Fortunately, there is one unmistak able evidence of amelioration, and that is in the rise of an independent press. Once the every act of a Republican Administration was a master-stroke in Republican eyes, and a thing only exe crable In Democratic eyes. Now the Republican papers are few that do not criticise the Administration when they think it errs, and there are few Demo cratic papers that do not criticise Bryan on some point or other where they .think he errs. The journals that have sacrificed their independence ut terly on the altar of blind partisanship are growing scarcer year by year. There are too many as it is, to be sure, but their mortal enemy is the American sense of humor. The thlck-and-thln Republican (or Democratic) organ is without influence. It is un necessary, and it would be unpleasant to mention names of local offenders in this regard. Their readers know them. Their influence would be strengthened If their editorial page should appear in unsullied white. AN IMPRESSIVE WARNING. Nothing has been said about Ingalls so true and so necessary to be said as this remark of the Milwaukee "Wiscon sin: Ingalls life offers a lesson which the ambi tious young men of tho country should study. He cast away his life Influence in order to retain tho sweets of office. It was a perilous venture which ho made, and It may be said he lost all upon the die. The reference is to the turning-point in Ingalls career. Through his bril liant mind, mastery of English compo sition, skill in debate, fervor In ora tors', he had raised himself within a few years to National eminence. He was graduated from Williams College at 22, admitted to the bar at 24, secre tary of the Kansas Territorial Council at 27. secretary of the Kansas State Senate at 28, State Senator at 29, United States Senator at 40. He served 18 years In the United States Senate, and was for four years its president pro tem. Then he fell. As the Wisconsin trenchantly puts it, he threw away all his accumulations of honor and fame by a single grave mistake. He had acted with the Re publican party for twenty years, end was sure to continue to be one of its most prominent leaders if he did not abandon its principles. But Populism, with Its numerous fantasies and here sies, had taken quite a hold among the poverty-stricken people of Kansas, and the Populists had secured a majority in the Legislature on the expiration of Ingalls' third term. He had enjoyed the sweets of office, and had not the manhood to resign them when the Re publican party was ousted from power In Kansas. He therefore made a. de liberate proposition to the Populist ma jority in the Legislature to accept and carry out their principles, provided they would re-elect him to the United States Senate. Among these heresies was the free and unlimited coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1, which his Republican colleagues in the Sen ate had opposed and which he had opposed until he was looking around to see if he could not find some outside support to maintain himself in the United States Senate. The Popu lists rejected his proffer, and the in dignation among Republicans in all sections of the country against Ingalls was intense, because his proffer proved that he was a mere political trader, and would join any party or support any party which would keep him In office. He soon realized the fatal mis take he had committed, for he repeat edly tried to get back to the Senate through Republican votes, but his popularity was so utterly broken that he could not carry a single county In the state. Perhaps It would be true to say that history affords no more signal example of the sacrifice of a great future. In galls might have stood In the front rank of American statesmen. He had not only the accomplishments to which reference has already been made, but he had fine intellectual discernment, and his virtues of mind and heart are attested by the love borne his mem ory by family and friends, by the in come he was able to earn at journal Ism, and even by his own request for a plain and modest burial. He missed the opportunity, he sans in his cele brated sonnet. He nullified his great powers by recreancy to the truth. How many such men we have in pub lic life! How strikingly have we seen, even, here in Oregon, the truth exem plified that trifling with great princi ples is the sure road to political sui cide! The man that thinks great prin ciples may be neglected or trifled with makes a great mistake. There Is that In human nature which rebels against the man who betrays the truth. When a man knows what is right, but shows a willingness to compromise it for pres ent reward, he falls from a height he can never regain. It Is the plainest lesson of politics, but there are those who can never learn it. A "WORD TO THE POOHSH. A man will mortgage his home, levy contributions on all his friends, go to Alaska, ruin his health and reputation, perhaps starve to death, when he could live at home in comfort, sleep in a bed nights, eat three square meals a day, and have money In the bank. Many a man has bought a farm in Oregon and paid for it with the first year's crop. Many a man has made $1000 in three months' fishing in the Columbia River. The farmers can't get hands enough, the hopyards can't get enough pickers, the lumbermen can't get enough loggers. A man can make and save money here in trade, in farming, in practicing law, pulling teeth, cutting hair or selling peanuts. And all the time he can dwell in as fertile a country and as salutary a climate as the earth affords. If a man must mine, let him mine here. There Is money in Oregon mines, for rich and poor. The men who sold the Bonanza mine for $600,000 to 51,000, 000 were so poor once that a Baker City grocer refused to trust them for a sack of flour. The Sterling mine, in Jackson County, produces about ?75,CO0 a year. The Red Boy, over In Grant, takes out about $480,000 a year. The Conner Creek mine pays about $300,000 a year. The Cornucopia group, in Union County, yields about $500,000 a year. Poor men are getting rich every day in Oregon mines. Vince Cook and Henry Ankeny made $100,000 each, above all expenses, In the Sterling mine. The Wimer brothers, in Jose phine County, have taken out $10,000 to $30,000 a year for the last twenty six years. They have saved $100,000 at least. S. G. Reed and his heirs have made $500,000 out of Conner Creek. A Portland lawyer has made $75,000 buy ing and selling mining properties. These cases could be multiplied. Some of these miners were rich and some poor, some had experience and some none. But all of them had nourishing food to eat, a comfortable place to sleep, family life to solace and sustain them. A man needn't go out of Oregon if ho wants to get rich and needs to get rich at mining. But he cannot be ac commodated quite so well anywhere else as In Alaska If he wants to be shipwrecked, to die of scurvy, to be murdered by Indians, or to be frozen to death. BRYAN'S RESPONSIBILITY. This statement, made some days ago by Senator Stewart, of Nevada, is worth repetition for the truth it car ries: Tho United States went to war with Spain, urffed on by the Democratic party. Tho popu larity of the war whs such that Mr. Brjan joined the Army. A treaty of peace was en tered into, whereby tho United States agreed to pay $20,000,000 and nccept the sovereignty and public property of Spain in tho Philippine archipelago There was opposition to the ratl flcatlon of the treaty. Mr. Brjun persuaded his Democratic friends to vote for it, and it was through his Influence tho treaty was finally ratified. Speaking of the excuse made by Mr. Bryan for his advocacy of the treaty, that he did it because it would put an end to the war arid make it easy to set tle the Filipino question, the Boston Herald, an Independent journal of Democratic leanings, shows that the excuse is obviously an after-thought; because the records of the Senate show that the argument of Democratic Sen ators who opposed the treaty while Bryan was advocating it was that, though the treaty would end the war with the Spaniards, It would not with the Filipinos. There were twenty-two Democratic Senators who voted against ratification, or, including two who paired, twenty-four Democrats. There were ten who voted in favor of rati ficationnamely, Messrs. Clay of Georgia, Faulkner of West Virginia, Gray and Kinney of Delaware, Lindsay of Kentucky, McEnery of Louisiana, McLaurin of South Carolina, Morgan and Pettus of Alabama, and Sullivan of Mississippi. If the influence of Mr. Bryan had not been used with a num ber of these Senators, they would have voted with their party associates in the negative, and, by so doinjr, the treaty would not have been ratified. But "at that time he wished to bring the Filipino people under the control of the United States, and with that end in view he did the most effective work he could possibly do." The Bos ton paper adds: If he had stayed away from Washington, no responsibility would haro attached to him. but ho not only went to Washington, but when there actively exerted himself to win over onough Democratic Senators to his way of thlnkins to slve the treaty Its needed indorse ment. In view of this gratuitous action on his part, there is something sublimely audacious In the attitude he now takes of special cham pion of tho Filipinos. For ratification of the treaty, no lndhldual, certainly no unofficial indh ldual, is mora responsible than William J. Bryan. The Oregonlan should not have said yesterday, In reply to a correspondent, that it had no access to data of Rear Admirals' ages and enforced retirement. Following- are the dates of future re tirements of Rear-Admirals now on the active list for age limit, under the law: F. V. ilcNalr, January 13. -1001; Albert Kautz, January 29. 1001; W. S. Schley, Octo ber 0, 1901; TV. T. Sampson, February 9, 1002; B. J. Cronvnell. February 9, 1002; J. A. How ell. March 10. 1902; X. H. Farquhar. April 11. 1002; B. F. Day. January 1C. 1003; G. O. Rexney, August 10, 1903; Silas Caeey, Septem ber 11. 1003; Loula Kempff. October 11, 1003; G. W. Sumner, December 31, 1003; A. H. 31c Cormlck. May 9. 1904; J. C Watson. August 24, 1004; r. T.odrers, October 3, 1904; A. S. Barker. March 31, 1905; F. J. Hlgginson, July 10. 1905. Commissioner Evans says: "There Is no law granting service pensions to any person for services rendered since the war of Mexico." The Mexican War veterans had to wait but forty years for a service pension, and It would not be surprising to see a movement for a service pension to Civil War veterans as early as 1903. It will come some day, soon or late, as has been the case with other wars, for the Mexican War pension act furnishes an excellent precedent. The Union veteran can fair .ly say that If Mexican War veterans, at least half of whom fought against the Union, are worthy of a service -pension for fighting under the flag In Mex ico, why are ndl they worthy of a serv ice pension who never fought against the Unlon? The service pension is sure to come soon or late. The American military force now In China consists of the Ninth Infantry, eight companies of the Fourteenth In fantry, Battery F of the Fifth Artil lery, eight troops of the Sixth Cav alry, four companies of the Fifteenth Infantry, and four batteries of the Third Artillery in all, about 5000 men. Our forces at' Pekln are about 1500 strong. The original Intention was to Increase General tJhaff ee's command to about 12,000, but the orders of some 7000 of this number have been changed, so that from Nagasaki they will steam at once to Manila to relieve the volun teer regiments whose term will expire next July. The fact that the Govern ment is sending two-thirds of the troops originally Intended for China to Manila shows that there Is no necessity for an extra session of Congress, since no in crease of the Army is-imperative, and there is no necessity for a declaration of war. President McKlnley is acting entirely within the limits of his Consti tutional authority, and since there is ho urgent need of more money or more men, an extra session of Congress would be a political as well as an eco nomic blunder. United States Senator Tillman, of South Carolina, in his recent campaign In favor of the state liquor dispensary as more moral than "prohibition, has presented a serio-comic spectacle. In his speeches he has quoted Scripture to prove that the use of liquor is not considered wrong In the Bible, ex cept in Habbakuk, which he declares to be obsolete. From more than a hun dred pulpits a stream of denunciation has been poured upon him, but the ministers have hardly been able to keep pace with Tillman's red-hot vo cabulary. Among- other things, Sen ator Tillman has declared in his speeches that, "of all things, I hate, the hypocrite most, and I would not swap places today with any of the preach ers for my chances in the next world." He has done more, h declares, for the morals of the people of South Carolina than all the preachers put together. "The preachers and the old barkeepers have formed an unholy alliance to break down the dispensary. The preachers may be honest, but they are weak In the upper story. They do not know." The exigencies of partisanship now force the San Francisco Examiner to oppose expansion and denounce It as "imperialism." Yet on April 27, 1899, it said: We trust that Mr. Bryan will yet rango him self In line- with the National aspirations for expansion. The time has come, as it comes at Intervals to every vigorous nation as It has come to ours on seeral former occasions when the old boundaries ore too contracted for the pulslnr life within them, and when the health of the body politic demands that room. The popular Instinct understands the need for these periodical esnanslqns, and every genu ine statesman understands It, too. The pop ular Instinct of a nation cannot be changed In 10 months, nor can a creature of expediency be converted Into a statesman by an appeal to tho truths of history. Mr. Bryan may think he Is cose to the people, and that his silly talk about '"Imperialism" mocs them, but he will soon find out that Americans are as mtioh In favor of expansion tpday as they were hin they applauded the acquisition of the Louisiana territory by that noted Imperialist, Thomas Jefferson. We have received from a spook Jour nal a scary discussion of premature burials, .with request for editorial ap proval. We regret that we cannot com ply. This community suffers not so much from premature burials as from those long overdue. What has become of that terrible In dignation we were wont to witness over the crime of '73? Is that crime not to be' punished, after all? Worse, is It to be forgotten? Truth forever on the scaf fold? Wrong forever oh the throne? Cleveland has been appointed mem ber of the International Board of Ar bitration. Now, Grover, can't you come out for McKlnley and Roosevelt? ITS ADVICE TO LABOR. High and Honorable Counsel Given Editorially by Mr. Hearst. Chicago American. Here Is a suggestion for the union men of Chicago who are now locked out by the contractors' conspiracy: Fight as long as you can, and as you fight study the contractors and moke up your minds which are your most per sistent, cunning and unscrupulous ene mies. If you can't win your fight you can at least remember two or three con tractors who did most to defeat you. When the lock-out ends you can get to gether and, by united action, come so near to ruining those contractors that the difference between what they will get and utter ruin will not be sufficient to make them cheerful. Whenever a strike Is sucessful the lead ers of a strike are blacklisted by employ ers and very often the leader who does tho most for his fellow finds it impos sible to make a living when the strike is won. It is perhaps time for work ingmen to borrow from employers this very effective scheme. If thoy will select one or two gentle men from the contractors' conspiracy, and, by earnest attention to business, make each of them lose about 550,000 a year for Ave consecutive years It is cer tain that those particular contractors will never lead any other conspiracy to keep 50.000 men Idle for a year. ToU worklngmen might think over this occasionally while you are wondering where your next meal is coming from. i "COXSENT" IN THE SOUTH. An Antl-Imperlrillst Organ With Evi dent Misgivings. New Tork Evening Post. It is interesting to watch the develop ment of sentiment in the South on Bryan's proposition to make opposition to imperialism the paramount Issue, and "the consent of the governed" the rally ing cry of the campaign. Before the Kansas City convention a large propor tion iof Southern pemocrats had com mitted themselves In favor of holding the Philippines, on The ground that this policy would promote Southern trade. Pretty much all of them were also on record against asking the consent of the governed when It was' a question of the colored race In their own states. A few jweeks before Senator Tillman read the paracnount-issue pionic or tne piatiorm in thB3&&nsas City convention, he had boifsled- in the Senate that "we took the goverjament away ' from the blacks, we stuffed the ballot boxes, we shot them, we are not ashamed of It." A few months earlier, Senator Morgan, of Alabama, the leader on his side of the chamber, had declared himself against allowing any man with a. black skin to vote In his state, no matter how good his character, how excellent his education or how con siderable his property. Tillman undoubtedly has assurance enough to come North and make stump speeches in favor of self-government for tho Filipinos, after having taken It away from the negroes of his crwn state, but he is just now fully occupied to an at" tempt to defend his dispensary system, and is abusing tho clergy of all denomina tions because they do not accept his views. Morgan is perfectly independent, now that he is assured of another six years in the Senate, and he took occasion the other day to declare once more his Indorsement of the McKlnley policy in holding the Philippines. A few Demo cratic newspapers in the South show some heart In opposing Imperialism, but more are perfunctory In supporting this part of the Kansas City platform, and others openly reject It One of the lat ter class is the Memphis Commercial Ap peal, an Influential Tennessee Journal, which has been carried away with the expansion policy from the start, ana which now Bays: There is no such thlnr as Imperialism con templated by any party. Legitimate and neces sary expansion Is an accomplished fact; talk of imperialism Is arrant nonsense, and non sense cannot be mado a. paramount Issue any more than an elephant can be made an eel by writing- on Its trunk, This is an eel." Ten nessee's coal. Iron and cotton must find a. mar ket In the Orient, and the people should be educated tip to the point where they can see the utility and benefits of expansion. Evidently Bryan would find ample field for missionary work in the South if It were not for the fact that Its votes will be returned for him without any refer ence to the platform on which ho runs." SUBJUGATORS OF HISTORY. Washington, Jefferson nnd Jac'lcaon Were Models of the School. New York Tribune. Did the members of the National Antl Imperlallst League over read the Con stitution of the United States? They are exceedingly glib in talking abdut it, but when in their great manifesto they say, "For the first time In our country's his tory tho President has undertaken to Sub jugate a foreign people and to rule them by despotic power," they awake the sus picion that they are talking of something they know nothing about. What fordarn people has tho President undertaken to subjugate? The answer Is found a few sentences further on In the manifesto: "He has taken to himself the power to press upon the inhabitants of the Philip pines Government without their consent, taxation without representation." It is clear, then. The foreign conquest Is the subjugation of the Philippine Isl ands. Yet It happens that a treaty, duly1 made and duly ratified, which the Con stitution says Is the supreme law of 'the land, makes the Philippine Islands part of the territory of tho United States, just as much as Is Porto Rico, which Mr. Bryan and the antl-Imperlallsts Insist Is under the Constitution of the United States, with its people citizens of the United States. If they ore right, the Fil ipinos are citizens of the United States and not at all a foreign people. At any rate, the-PhlllppInes are territory of the United States, r.nd their Inhabitants are Constitutionally subject to the authority of the United States Government, and It Is the President's sworn duty to main tain that authority. What a usurper Georpre Washington was! His sublugatlon of forelen peoples would seem to have been one of the deep est blots on the history of this country! Bv the treaty of 1783 a lot of territory without American occupants, inhabited by foreign peoples with their own laws and erovcrnments. was acquired by the United States, and George WaFhlngton on becom ing President proceeded to conquer those forrlgn peonies and subjpet them to tho authority of the United States when all thev asked was liberty to rule themselves In their own wav according to the Dec laration of Independence. In 1803 Jefferson by treatv acquired a great tract of country Inhabited bv many forpign peoples, and he and his successors ever since have been steadily working to redupe them to obedience to the Amer ican yoke without giving them citizenship or the privileges of the Constitution. The FHipInbs are just as much a forelim peo ple'as the Sioux or Moquls or other In dian nations, whose territory was an nexed to the United States without their consent, and whie obedience was dc manded by this Government. They are not foreign people at all. The Supremo Court has dpelared them to be "domes tic dependent nations." owing obedience to the Government, bt not entitled to Constitutional citizenship. The platform writers who talk about the subjugation of the Inhabitants of annexed territory as a novelty and call those Inhabitants for eign peoples evMentlv know or care noth ing about the Constitution or history of this country. Direct Primaries Coming. Chicago Times-Herald. ( That was a vigorous and fruitful idea which tho Wisconsin Republicans, in state convention, launched upon the Bea of practical politics. The dissatisfaction with the present system of nominations has heretofore found expression In purely academic discussions, but henceforth, thanks to Mr. La Follette and his fol lowers, It will take Its place among the practical proposals which deserve the at tention of progressive men, especially of Independents In politics. The Wisconsin platform contains a specific plank in fa vor of abandoning the convention plan and making all nominations by direct popular voting at the primary elections. This Is In accord with the spirit of tho times, with the general feeling that, If tho party system is to persist. National and state organizations should be made amenable to popular control. The thoughtful voter insists on greater re sponsibility of parties and enlarged power and opportunity for the disinterested cit izen. The Independent voters are ob viously Interested In restoring freedom of discussion and action. A party nomi nation should truly represent tho prefer ences and wishes of the majority of the members. There are times when the vot ers force their choice on the bosses. Re cent Instances of this are fresh In the public mind. But when the citizens are not specially aroused tho machine has far too much power in the convention. Direct primary oting for candidates, in stead of for delegates, Is coming Into vosue, and It is " by no means a bold statement to make that this method may before long be applied to gubernatorial and Presidential nominations. What a Protectorate Is. Sacramento Recprd-Unloh. Mr. Bryan says that he and his party could first recognise the Independence of "our late allies in the Philippines," and then establish for them a stable gov ernment, and that done protect It for ever from outside interference. All historians agree that the most of fensive of controls 13 that of the en forced protectorate. It is but one form of monorchism. But that aside, if the one-sixth of the people of the Philip pines whom Bryan would recognise as the whole, have the right to be so rec ognized, and to be free and independent, then neither the United States nor any other power has the right to establish over or for them a stable government. They have the right to do that for them selves and absolutely free from the dic tation, judgment, control or protection of the United States. For flap-doodle logic and loose English, commend us to the Kansas City platform and to the Bryan esque theories of government. Akron Riot a Product. Baltimore American. The mob which was destroying life and property at Chicago, and which was re strained first by the courts and after wards by the military, was not a whit more meritorious than the mob In Akron. It was this Chicago mob, and the squelch ing of It by the United States, which suggested Mr. Bryan's attack on the Ju diciary, and has made the basis of a plank In the Kansas City platform. On ly yesterday Mr. Bryan, in his speech nf !PT7tSJlM tt thft PonilllKt. Tftfn-TPA grlth prido to this purpoSo of curbwgj tho courts. It has always been a. bitter day ia any country, wnen. for political or any other reasons, the courts have been curbed; but under a popular gov ernment it, would be the greatest disas ter that can bo imagined, and the evil would be most severe to the very people whom Mr. Bryan, and his friends are pretending to help. SPELLING OP PEKHT. Weight of Authority Seems to Be tor Shorter Form. Kansas City Star. A heated controversy Is beginning to rage over the momentous question of the spelling of the name of the capital Df China. The public is divided into two hostile camps, the party using the "lng" being apparently In the minority. Just now the advocates of the "g" have been powerfully reinforced by a letter from Minister Wu Ting Fang, which Is triumphantly printed by the Utlca. Ob server. The Minister writes: "My opin ion is that Peking is correct; for. in the Chinese pronunciation, its final sound Is that or 'ng and not of n.' The French, I believe, write It Pekln.' be cause in their pronunciation of the word thus written the Chinese sounds are preserved. But the spelling in Eng lish should be "Peking.' You observe that the Century Atlas has 'Peking.'" The fact 13 that the Chinese syllabic "kin" or "king" has a slight nasal sound which the English at times have tried to preserve by means of the "g." The schemes of pronunciation of nasals In the various systems of "French self taught" arc founded on the same plan. How painful are the results any one knows who has heard the apt pupil re peat the phrase "pendant mon absence," according to rule a3 "pangdang mpng absangs." But the English speaking peo ples make little effort to preserve tho absolute phonetic spelling of foreign proper names, or even the spelling adopt ed by the city Itself. "Paris" Is not "Paree," nor ic "Vienna" "Wlen." nor "Florence" "Firenze." English geogra phies do not recognize the nasals In France, their great abiding place. It Is "Caen," not "Caeng," and "Rouen," not "Roueng." Ease of pronunciation, simplicity, brev ity and familiarity to the eye are all taken into account in turning foreign names Into English. These considera tions count the more in the tase oC China, where there is no alphabet, but only a large collection of root syllables on which the language Is based. Con sequently, tho official spelling of the name of China's capital by the United States Government is Pekin. not Pe king. The geographical board, which has been in existence for 10 years, de termlnen such matters. Its latest re port, published In May, says: "Pekln: Capital city. Northern China. (Not Pel chlng, Peking, Shun-tlen-fu nor Yon.) Wandering Sheep Return. New York Evening Post. Bryan remarked In a speech at Wahoo, the county seat of Saunders County, Ne braska, yesterday, that ho did "not be lieve you can find In this county any man who voted with us In 1S96. and who understood the issues then before the country, who has changed his mind on those issues and now believes that tho Republican party was right In 1S9S." Wo have no evidence about Saunders County, Nebraska, but there have been abundant proofs that in many of tht states west of the Missouri River, where Republicans voted for Bryan on the 's sues of 1SS6, a host of them have since become convinced that the Republican party was right In that year and have returned to It. Washington, for exam ple, gave Bryan almost 12.E00 plurality In 1S96 and elected two opposition Rep resentatives In Congress by almost as large pluralities, while in 1S08 it gave the Republican candidates for the House pluralities of several thousands. An Im portant element In this revolution was the change of opinion among the farm ers In the eastern part of tho state, who had accepted the Bryan theories about silver in 1S06 and rejected them in 1S33. More conclusive still Is the evidence fur nished by Oregon. In the state election Of June, 1S95, the opposition polled 1S.623 votes for one of their candidates and 20,135 for the other a total of 44.753. against only 40,451 for the Republican nominee: whereas, last June the Repub licans had a majority of more than 5000 over a fusion ticket, and that, too, on a platform which was "flat-footed" for tho gold standard. Bryan Is, Indeed, liv ing In a fool's paradise If he really be lieves that no voters have changed their minds about the issues of 1806. MEN AXD WOMEN. The famous farm of the late Ward McAllis ter, at Mlddletown, R. I., Is about to be con verted Into a Roman Catholic cemetery. Alvtnza H&yward. the California millionaire and mining king, still wears tho stylo of beaver silk hat that was In vogue CO years afro. For half a century ho has had his hats mado over the same block. John P. Irish, once a. well-known Western journalist, and now Naval officer of the Port of San Francisco, lia3 one peculiarity he will not wear a necktie. He onco had throat trouble, and concluded It came from too much wrapping ud of his neck. When Arthur Maion Smith finished his course in the University of Chicago on Satur day, and received the degree of doctor of philosophy, ho was notified that, on the rec ommendation of Dr. Harper, he had been chosen president of Oahu College. Honolulu. In a communication to the London Lancet, Dr. Eldridre Green remarks that. Incredible as it may seem, shipowners are able to, and really do. employ color blind officers n ho have been rejected by the Board of Trade, and who may have been discharged by other companies. It Is said that tho word "silhouette" orig inated from the niggardliness of a French Min ister of Finance, named M. Silhouette. Under his rule the meanest tricks of economy were practiced, and the courtiers nad their por traits painted entirely In black, with profile view, clalmlnr that M. Silhouette had left them so poor that they could not afford any thing more costly. Miss Abble Goodrich Chapln. representing tho American Board and the Woman's Board of Missions. Boston, Is a missionary by birth. for her parents -were missionaries, and shd was born In Tung Cho, North China, from which she and her associates were driven to Pekln by the mob or tho soldiers. She was graduated from tho Methodist University of Southern Cal ifornia, and embarked for the mission field as a missionary in 1S03. William H. Toung. cf Troy, N. T., has been tho treasurer of tho Rennselaer Polytechnic In stitute for half a century, being nominated to that position February 5, 1830. vice Day O. Kellogg,-resigned.. Within Mr. Young's admin istration more than 1000 students have been graduated, and more than $2,000,000 has passed through his bands. Ho Is now in his 83d year, and his connection with the affairs of Troy's great engineering school will always be remembered as one of the moat remarkable terms of office In any Institution's history. A Summer Day on the Farm. Chicago Times-Herald, rthe cows are standing In the pool, Tho colts, with sleepy eyes. Beneath the trees are keeping cool And switching off the flies. The sun shines hot upon the hill. The grass is dry and brown; Tho restless poplar's leaves are etlll And limply hanging down. The dog lies where thick shadows fall, The chickens doze away In dusty holss beside the wall Through all the weary day. The wormy apples tumble through The tangle of the leaves: The doves, with nothing else to do. Sit ldlo on the eaves. The shocks of wheat. In yellow rows, Like weary soldiers stand, "What time a dozen tired crows Flap slowly o'er the land. The run chines hot upon the hill, Tho grass Is 'brown and dry. Where hot. round pebbles gleam a rill. In Springtime, babbled by. Tho farmer's shirt Is wet, and yet What cause has he to holler? Why should he frown r sigh or fret? He doesn't wear a collarl fc . , NOTE AND COMMENT.,, .n1 And Chicago has not sued the ceawuaf bureau for llbeU The yellow peril seems to be chiefly foe the yellow people. , At this stage ot tho contest the clrcusj Is still in the ring. A man who is looking for trouble never needs to ask hl3 friends to6 jolnlnthe hunt. "" ' The silver tongue continues to wag la the Iron jaws of brasen-cheeked poll- tlclana. One of the Chinese cities would be feel ing llko Omaha it they took a census about now. v Of course! no section of the countrycah cry "riot" at Ohio with such good tas'fe as the Sunny South. The Chinese soldiers had better be care ful. Count von Walderse will go over there ono of these days If they don't look out. He sought and won the maiden's hand. But ere he dared to as It. Ha won her heart by gtvlng her A shapeless Indian basket. Senator Petllgrew will Boon have an op portunity to ask a. Congressional com mitteo to Investigate what struck too B-emocratic party. , He who bathes and runs away May live to- bathe another day; But he who tarries In the wave Will shake himself Into his grave. The police will have a good chance to spot pickpockets for the next two or three weeks, and when they are spotted they should be striped. Emperor William la now trylnff to run an automobile. We shall soon hear that the manufacturer of the machine he uses has been Jailed for lese-majeste. Now doth the festive Summer maid ii. Contrive, with labor sore, " To scrape from off her rounded cheeks ' The nut-brow n hue she's spent three weeks In getting at the shore. There Is no probability of war among the powera oh account of disagreements In' China for a number of years. The first ultimata have not yet been ex changed. Italy boasts that 500 people were killed In duels there last year. One Kentucky election can make that record look as If it had Just suffered an attack of the bubonlc plague. With fingers weary and worn. With ejellds heavy and red. A -Roman sat through the weary night Plying her needle and thrad. ' Stitch, stitch, stitch. Till the oil In the lamp burned low. Stitch, stltoh, stitch. Till the dawn began to glow. And why did she sow all the dreary night Till her brow wai seamed with care? Because, forsooth, she was dressing dolla For the Blanksteenth-Street Church fair. BACHELOR HYPOCHONDRIA. The Improper study of mankind la woman. If the world had as many people of brains as bright babies there would bar fewer fools In it. The Summer practice of covering cor sets with gauze or mosquito netting, al though not artistic, seems to answer tho purpose. Why is it that whenever you meet a girl at the beach she looks so unconsciously self-conscious? How very strange it is that thefe la so little beauty In the world when every mother who contributes a brat to it thinks her duckling a swan! It has almost come to such a pass that the girl who does not Indulge In surf bathing has a reason for lu Some Amazons do not reflect that if there were anything In the world mora womanly than a womanly woman there would be no need of woman. I may be mistaken, but It seems to mo that If I were a girl and had red hair I would not dress In white, nor If I had big feet would I wear short skirts. No matter how big a woman's feet are,, they always manage to float, when you are teaching her to swim. As soon as a woman enters the car stare at her If you can't bear critical examination yourself. When a girl hunts huckle-berrles In the groves at the seaside on Sunday after noon she Is not hunting huckle-berrles. In the extravaganza of our affections wo used to love the Summer girl, but that was before we saw her arrayed In her paraphernalia and realized how our fond dream had duped us. However far a woman may fall short of that Indigenous comeliness which does not need the Ingenious blinds of artful civilization, she can pass herself off well enough in Winter with putty, paint and paste, but these protections do not avail In Summer against ravages of sun. wind and tide. NAMBY PAMiBY. PliEASANTRXES OF PAItAGRAPHERS "Old Books Sold Here Dam Cheap." Is the attractive legend inscribed on a shop In a back street In Bombay. Glasgow Evening Times. Quinn Strange, about the lack of fish yarns this Summer. De Font Not at all; the fel lows who usually spin them have all got Jobs as war correspondents In Shanghai. Philadel phia Record. In the Darkest -South.-Flrst Cltlzea-Tho Chinese ain't so far behind the times as wo supposed. Second Citizen No, Indeed: I reck on they could pull oft quite a respectable lynchln bee. Puck. With Regrets. "Tho true editorial spirit." ald the old-timer. "Is declining." "r guess you're right." agreed the struggling author. "It certainly doesn't appear to be accepting." Philadelphia Press. He Surely Does. Watts It seems to be tho tendency or civilization to put the dollar ahead of the man. Potts That Is done In order that the man may go after the dollar. Indianapolis Press. Full of Water. "How do you feel nowT asked his rescucn. "Like a Jersey Tru3t." gasped the half-drowned man, faintly. Then they rolled him on the barrel some more, for they, too, were financier"1 Harper's Bazar. Easy Enough. "I." said the young man with the high brow and eagle eye, "would have my name In the mouths of men; some calling me accursed and others shouting my acclaim to the ringing welkin." "That's dead easy," said the rentleman with the grizzled beard. "Just bolt your party ticket." Indianapolis Press. The Importnnt Question. Town Topics. When the rich and the poor are equal. And merged In a mighty whole; When there's neither Prince nor pauper. And soul Is revealed to poul; - When the North and the South are mingled And there Is no Ea3t nor Wet. Nor time, nor tide, we arall see it That what has been done Is best. At last, with our senses sharpened. Swinging from sphere to sphere. We'll read the Book of Ages, Our eyes made strong and clear. We'll learn that, were dreams all granted, We'd lose where we thought to win; That this Is a vain endeavor To long for the Might Have Been. And thon, dear heart, you will know xas As you never knew before; In my Holy of Holies enter ? Through eagerly opening door. You will know that I loved you. loved you With a lore that half conferred. That I would have man led you gladly Would your father hai e done the rest.