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T?OB,TLAXDf THURSDAY, AUGUST 30
THE SAME "AMERICA."
Fondness for literary and historical
mystification lias led to fresh attempt
to make difficulty over the origin of
the name "America." Ricardo Palma,
director of the National Library of
Peru, has published a book -which re
Tives and reviews an old controversy
as to the origin of the name of the
"Western Hemisphere. He contends
lhat it was not named for Amerigo
Vespucci, the Florentine, but that
"Amerlc" is the native name of a
mountain range in Central America,
and as there -was much search for gold
along those coasts by Spanish adven
turrrs, the n&me "Amerlc" became a
familiar one, and so passed on into
usage and gradually into written and
printed accounts. Then the Florentine
merchant's name was changed by a
French printer to "Amerlcus," in honor
of his travels in the New World, and
others carried forward the compliment
until the name became fixed and Amer
igo Vespucci carries the honor that
ehuuld he borne by Christopher Colum
lus. This last undoubtedly is true:
tsut the derivation from the name or
supposed name of the mountain range
is fanciful. The theory is not now or
iginal, "but has been worked over many
limes, and little or ""nothing seems to
have been added to it by the writer
of Peru.
The "bibliography of the origin of the
name "America" is very extensive, but
there is no difficulty in the solution.
It is. Indeed, an unsettled question
tow far the authority of Amerigo as
to his voyages is to be trusted. In
Ills letters which were printed in many
languages and scattered over Europe
ho told of four voyages to the New
"World; but no original of these let
ters is extant, and such accounts as
they may have contained are sum
maries by other hands. It has been
settled with much certainty that the
first of the voyages never took place;
Lut the fiction may have arisen from
the blunders of compilers or copyists
who dealt with Amerigo's materials.
There is historical proof of three voy
ages, but in none of them was Amerigo
the commander. He is spoken of in the
records as a pilot, and doubtless at
tained much authority as an explorer
and navigator. He seems to have been
assiduous with his pen, and as there
was intense eagerness throughout the
Old "World to hear of the New, his let
ters, multiplied by the printing-press,
then. Just coming into use, were spread
far and wide. But he never claimed
the name of the "Western Hemisphere
for himself. This fortune came to him
through a printer in an obscure part
of France, where an account of his
voyages, apparently derived from his
letters, was printed. Genuine copies
of this publication are still extant. It
was apparently compiled "by the print
er, Martin Walsmuller. Its date was
the year 1507. The compiler seems to
have been unacquainted with the
claims of Columbus; so he wrote: "I
see iio reason why this fourth part o
the world should not take its name
from its sagacious discoverer, and bo
caLed Amerige or America." For this
Idea he goes on to adduce a fanciful
Justification. Both Europe and Asia
had obtained their names from women;
it is now the turn of the male sex;
and the woM "America" was forth
with written in large letters on the
margin. This freak of an obscure
printer indelibly stamped the New
"World with its destined name.
The name commended Itself to the
ear and was soon taken for granted.
The work in whloh it appeared quick
ly ran through several editions. The
original was in Latin, hut It was soon
translated into modern languages, and
became the common property of Eu
rope, It will be seen that the name
which the New "World thus acquired
neither pnn-es that Columbus was for
gotten nor that Amerigo had usurped
his fame, hut that a new power had
thus come into existence, greater than
monarchs and councils, though capable
of being set in action by feeble and
obscure hands. The naming of Amer
ica is but an Illustration, though an
earlr and striking one, of the power of
the Printlng-Press.
Twenty-flve years ago the theory that
the name was taken from a mountain
range in Central America was brought
forward by a French writer, Jules
Harcpu. It seems to have been orig
inal with him. Some years after his
first essays on the subject he published
c, book, which, however, appears to
have been about as fanciful as Don
nelly's "Cryptogram" of Shakespeare.
American historiographers give the
theory no crc-dit. It has, in fact, been
useful only as a means of spreading
the inquiry as to how America really
S0tlt8 name.
"What is Bryan doing in Nebraska?
"Why does he own a house and lot at
Lincoln? Does he not know he holds
land robbed by imperialism, from the
attainted savage? Would he not argue
more logically if he lived in one of the
thirteen original states? For Bryan's,
father to bo; an oppressor of the negro
'was bad enough, although it was not
Imperialism; but for his son to be ac j
toscrf-aligtin the "West is preposterous. J
But why Is Bryan in America, any
how? Would it not he more consistent
In him to return to Ireland and to be
queath his possessions to the descend
ants of those whom the white man's
greed has ravaged?
MMITATIOXS OP PARTISANSHIP.
Senator Scott Intimates that New
Tork is in danger. He says this in
order to spur the Republicans to re
newed effprts. Probably he does not
believe it. Probably he does not even
believe that SIcKInley's vote will be
100,000 less than in 189C. It Is a pity to
have to print as news such palpable
campaign ruses. Unfortunately, they
are about all that may he had from
either headquarters. Imagine- Jones
issuing a manifesto 'that Stevenson is
an old woman, or Hanna announcing
that Roosevelt talks too muth with
his mouth!
It certainly begins to be a serious
question how much of these prodigious
labors ofcampaign managers can be
regarded as worth what they cost At
every National convention one encoun
ters a multitude of enthusiastic camp
followers. They profess that the only
hope of the country lies In the Repub
lican (or Democratic) party. They re
gard Bryan (or McKlnley) as the great
est living American statesman. This
spontaneous outbreak of enthusiasm,
shown In excited faces, deafening
cheers and waving of innumerable
flags. Indicates a great popular tidal
wave in the direction of Republican
(or Democratic) principles. It shows
that the specious phrases of the op
position can no longer deceive, and
that the country is preparing to ren
der an overwhelming verdict in No
vember for the Democratic (or Repub
lican) cause.
Nothing is more obvious than that
many of these thorough-going parti
sans are sincere to a fault. But must
there not be increasing numbers of
them who sometimes weary of the
whole business, and realize that the
general run of busy, practical people
who have no hope of political prefer
ment, must be only slightly moved by
these partisan demonstrations? Can't
they .reflect that for every man in their
camp to whom the Republican (or
Democratic) shield appears all white,
there is a corresponding man In the
other camp to whom it appears all
black, and that the outsider must first
be induced to put on the partisan spec
tacles before he can see objects in the
partisan tint?
Fortunately, there is one unmistak
able evidence of amelioration, and that
is in the rise of an independent press.
Once the every act of a Republican
Administration was a master-stroke in
Republican eyes, and a thing only exe
crable In Democratic eyes. Now the
Republican papers are few that do not
criticise the Administration when they
think it errs, and there are few Demo
cratic papers that do not criticise
Bryan on some point or other where
they .think he errs. The journals that
have sacrificed their independence ut
terly on the altar of blind partisanship
are growing scarcer year by year.
There are too many as it is, to be
sure, but their mortal enemy is the
American sense of humor. The thlck-and-thln
Republican (or Democratic)
organ is without influence. It is un
necessary, and it would be unpleasant
to mention names of local offenders in
this regard. Their readers know them.
Their influence would be strengthened
If their editorial page should appear
in unsullied white.
AN IMPRESSIVE WARNING.
Nothing has been said about Ingalls
so true and so necessary to be said as
this remark of the Milwaukee "Wiscon
sin: Ingalls life offers a lesson which the ambi
tious young men of tho country should study.
He cast away his life Influence in order to
retain tho sweets of office. It was a perilous
venture which ho made, and It may be said
he lost all upon the die.
The reference is to the turning-point
in Ingalls career. Through his bril
liant mind, mastery of English compo
sition, skill in debate, fervor In ora
tors', he had raised himself within a
few years to National eminence. He
was graduated from Williams College
at 22, admitted to the bar at 24, secre
tary of the Kansas Territorial Council
at 27. secretary of the Kansas State
Senate at 28, State Senator at 29, United
States Senator at 40. He served 18
years In the United States Senate, and
was for four years its president pro
tem. Then he fell.
As the Wisconsin trenchantly puts it,
he threw away all his accumulations
of honor and fame by a single grave
mistake. He had acted with the Re
publican party for twenty years, end
was sure to continue to be one of its
most prominent leaders if he did not
abandon its principles. But Populism,
with Its numerous fantasies and here
sies, had taken quite a hold among the
poverty-stricken people of Kansas, and
the Populists had secured a majority
in the Legislature on the expiration of
Ingalls' third term. He had enjoyed
the sweets of office, and had not the
manhood to resign them when the Re
publican party was ousted from power
In Kansas. He therefore made a. de
liberate proposition to the Populist ma
jority in the Legislature to accept and
carry out their principles, provided
they would re-elect him to the United
States Senate. Among these heresies
was the free and unlimited coinage of
silver at the ratio of 16 to 1, which his
Republican colleagues in the Sen
ate had opposed and which he
had opposed until he was looking
around to see if he could not find some
outside support to maintain himself in
the United States Senate. The Popu
lists rejected his proffer, and the in
dignation among Republicans in all
sections of the country against Ingalls
was intense, because his proffer proved
that he was a mere political trader,
and would join any party or support
any party which would keep him In
office. He soon realized the fatal mis
take he had committed, for he repeat
edly tried to get back to the Senate
through Republican votes, but his
popularity was so utterly broken that
he could not carry a single county In
the state.
Perhaps It would be true to say that
history affords no more signal example
of the sacrifice of a great future. In
galls might have stood In the front
rank of American statesmen. He had
not only the accomplishments to which
reference has already been made, but
he had fine intellectual discernment,
and his virtues of mind and heart are
attested by the love borne his mem
ory by family and friends, by the in
come he was able to earn at journal
Ism, and even by his own request for
a plain and modest burial. He missed
the opportunity, he sans in his cele
brated sonnet. He nullified his great
powers by recreancy to the truth.
How many such men we have in pub
lic life! How strikingly have we seen,
even, here in Oregon, the truth exem
plified that trifling with great princi
ples is the sure road to political sui
cide! The man that thinks great prin
ciples may be neglected or trifled with
makes a great mistake. There Is that
In human nature which rebels against
the man who betrays the truth. When
a man knows what is right, but shows
a willingness to compromise it for pres
ent reward, he falls from a height he
can never regain. It Is the plainest
lesson of politics, but there are those
who can never learn it.
A "WORD TO THE POOHSH.
A man will mortgage his home, levy
contributions on all his friends, go to
Alaska, ruin his health and reputation,
perhaps starve to death, when he could
live at home in comfort, sleep in a bed
nights, eat three square meals a day,
and have money In the bank.
Many a man has bought a farm in
Oregon and paid for it with the first
year's crop. Many a man has made
$1000 in three months' fishing in the
Columbia River. The farmers can't
get hands enough, the hopyards can't
get enough pickers, the lumbermen
can't get enough loggers. A man can
make and save money here in trade,
in farming, in practicing law, pulling
teeth, cutting hair or selling peanuts.
And all the time he can dwell in as
fertile a country and as salutary a
climate as the earth affords.
If a man must mine, let him mine
here. There Is money in Oregon mines,
for rich and poor. The men who sold
the Bonanza mine for $600,000 to 51,000,
000 were so poor once that a Baker
City grocer refused to trust them for
a sack of flour. The Sterling mine, in
Jackson County, produces about ?75,CO0
a year. The Red Boy, over In Grant,
takes out about $480,000 a year. The
Conner Creek mine pays about $300,000
a year. The Cornucopia group, in
Union County, yields about $500,000 a
year.
Poor men are getting rich every day
in Oregon mines. Vince Cook and
Henry Ankeny made $100,000 each,
above all expenses, In the Sterling
mine. The Wimer brothers, in Jose
phine County, have taken out $10,000
to $30,000 a year for the last twenty
six years. They have saved $100,000 at
least. S. G. Reed and his heirs have
made $500,000 out of Conner Creek. A
Portland lawyer has made $75,000 buy
ing and selling mining properties.
These cases could be multiplied. Some
of these miners were rich and some
poor, some had experience and some
none. But all of them had nourishing
food to eat, a comfortable place to
sleep, family life to solace and sustain
them.
A man needn't go out of Oregon if
ho wants to get rich and needs to get
rich at mining. But he cannot be ac
commodated quite so well anywhere
else as In Alaska If he wants to be
shipwrecked, to die of scurvy, to be
murdered by Indians, or to be frozen
to death.
BRYAN'S RESPONSIBILITY.
This statement, made some days ago
by Senator Stewart, of Nevada, is
worth repetition for the truth it car
ries: Tho United States went to war with Spain,
urffed on by the Democratic party. Tho popu
larity of the war whs such that Mr. Brjan
joined the Army. A treaty of peace was en
tered into, whereby tho United States agreed
to pay $20,000,000 and nccept the sovereignty
and public property of Spain in tho Philippine
archipelago There was opposition to the ratl
flcatlon of the treaty. Mr. Brjun persuaded
his Democratic friends to vote for it, and it
was through his Influence tho treaty was
finally ratified.
Speaking of the excuse made by Mr.
Bryan for his advocacy of the treaty,
that he did it because it would put an
end to the war arid make it easy to set
tle the Filipino question, the Boston
Herald, an Independent journal of
Democratic leanings, shows that the
excuse is obviously an after-thought;
because the records of the Senate show
that the argument of Democratic Sen
ators who opposed the treaty while
Bryan was advocating it was that,
though the treaty would end the war
with the Spaniards, It would not with
the Filipinos. There were twenty-two
Democratic Senators who voted against
ratification, or, including two who
paired, twenty-four Democrats. There
were ten who voted in favor of rati
ficationnamely, Messrs. Clay of
Georgia, Faulkner of West Virginia,
Gray and Kinney of Delaware, Lindsay
of Kentucky, McEnery of Louisiana,
McLaurin of South Carolina, Morgan
and Pettus of Alabama, and Sullivan
of Mississippi. If the influence of Mr.
Bryan had not been used with a num
ber of these Senators, they would have
voted with their party associates in
the negative, and, by so doinjr, the
treaty would not have been ratified.
But "at that time he wished to bring
the Filipino people under the control
of the United States, and with that
end in view he did the most effective
work he could possibly do." The Bos
ton paper adds:
If he had stayed away from Washington, no
responsibility would haro attached to him. but
ho not only went to Washington, but when
there actively exerted himself to win over
onough Democratic Senators to his way of
thlnkins to slve the treaty Its needed indorse
ment. In view of this gratuitous action on his
part, there is something sublimely audacious
In the attitude he now takes of special cham
pion of tho Filipinos. For ratification of the
treaty, no lndhldual, certainly no unofficial
indh ldual, is mora responsible than William J.
Bryan.
The Oregonlan should not have said
yesterday, In reply to a correspondent,
that it had no access to data of Rear
Admirals' ages and enforced retirement.
Following- are the dates of future re
tirements of Rear-Admirals now on the
active list for age limit, under the law:
F. V. ilcNalr, January 13. -1001; Albert
Kautz, January 29. 1001; W. S. Schley, Octo
ber 0, 1901; TV. T. Sampson, February 9, 1002;
B. J. Cronvnell. February 9, 1002; J. A. How
ell. March 10. 1902; X. H. Farquhar. April 11.
1002; B. F. Day. January 1C. 1003; G. O.
Rexney, August 10, 1903; Silas Caeey, Septem
ber 11. 1003; Loula Kempff. October 11, 1003;
G. W. Sumner, December 31, 1003; A. H. 31c
Cormlck. May 9. 1904; J. C Watson. August
24, 1004; r. T.odrers, October 3, 1904; A. S.
Barker. March 31, 1905; F. J. Hlgginson, July
10. 1905.
Commissioner Evans says: "There
Is no law granting service pensions to
any person for services rendered since
the war of Mexico." The Mexican War
veterans had to wait but forty years
for a service pension, and It would not
be surprising to see a movement for a
service pension to Civil War veterans
as early as 1903. It will come some
day, soon or late, as has been the case
with other wars, for the Mexican War
pension act furnishes an excellent
precedent. The Union veteran can fair
.ly say that If Mexican War veterans,
at least half of whom fought against
the Union, are worthy of a service -pension
for fighting under the flag In Mex
ico, why are ndl they worthy of a serv
ice pension who never fought against
the Unlon? The service pension is
sure to come soon or late.
The American military force now In
China consists of the Ninth Infantry,
eight companies of the Fourteenth In
fantry, Battery F of the Fifth Artil
lery, eight troops of the Sixth Cav
alry, four companies of the Fifteenth
Infantry, and four batteries of the
Third Artillery in all, about 5000 men.
Our forces at' Pekln are about 1500
strong. The original Intention was to
Increase General tJhaff ee's command to
about 12,000, but the orders of some
7000 of this number have been changed,
so that from Nagasaki they will steam
at once to Manila to relieve the volun
teer regiments whose term will expire
next July. The fact that the Govern
ment is sending two-thirds of the troops
originally Intended for China to Manila
shows that there Is no necessity for an
extra session of Congress, since no in
crease of the Army is-imperative, and
there is no necessity for a declaration
of war. President McKlnley is acting
entirely within the limits of his Consti
tutional authority, and since there is
ho urgent need of more money or more
men, an extra session of Congress
would be a political as well as an eco
nomic blunder.
United States Senator Tillman, of
South Carolina, in his recent campaign
In favor of the state liquor dispensary
as more moral than "prohibition, has
presented a serio-comic spectacle. In
his speeches he has quoted Scripture
to prove that the use of liquor is not
considered wrong In the Bible, ex
cept in Habbakuk, which he declares
to be obsolete. From more than a hun
dred pulpits a stream of denunciation
has been poured upon him, but the
ministers have hardly been able to
keep pace with Tillman's red-hot vo
cabulary. Among- other things, Sen
ator Tillman has declared in his
speeches that, "of all things, I hate, the
hypocrite most, and I would not swap
places today with any of the preach
ers for my chances in the next world."
He has done more, h declares, for the
morals of the people of South Carolina
than all the preachers put together.
"The preachers and the old barkeepers
have formed an unholy alliance to
break down the dispensary. The
preachers may be honest, but they are
weak In the upper story. They do not
know."
The exigencies of partisanship now
force the San Francisco Examiner to
oppose expansion and denounce It as
"imperialism." Yet on April 27, 1899,
it said:
We trust that Mr. Bryan will yet rango him
self In line- with the National aspirations for
expansion. The time has come, as it comes at
Intervals to every vigorous nation as It has
come to ours on seeral former occasions
when the old boundaries ore too contracted for
the pulslnr life within them, and when the
health of the body politic demands that room.
The popular Instinct understands the need for
these periodical esnanslqns, and every genu
ine statesman understands It, too. The pop
ular Instinct of a nation cannot be changed In
10 months, nor can a creature of expediency
be converted Into a statesman by an appeal
to tho truths of history. Mr. Bryan may think
he Is cose to the people, and that his silly
talk about '"Imperialism" mocs them, but he
will soon find out that Americans are as mtioh
In favor of expansion tpday as they were hin
they applauded the acquisition of the Louisiana
territory by that noted Imperialist, Thomas
Jefferson.
We have received from a spook Jour
nal a scary discussion of premature
burials, .with request for editorial ap
proval. We regret that we cannot com
ply. This community suffers not so
much from premature burials as from
those long overdue.
What has become of that terrible In
dignation we were wont to witness over
the crime of '73? Is that crime not to be'
punished, after all? Worse, is It to be
forgotten? Truth forever on the scaf
fold? Wrong forever oh the throne?
Cleveland has been appointed mem
ber of the International Board of Ar
bitration. Now, Grover, can't you come
out for McKlnley and Roosevelt?
ITS ADVICE TO LABOR.
High and Honorable Counsel Given
Editorially by Mr. Hearst.
Chicago American.
Here Is a suggestion for the union men
of Chicago who are now locked out by
the contractors' conspiracy:
Fight as long as you can, and as you
fight study the contractors and moke
up your minds which are your most per
sistent, cunning and unscrupulous ene
mies. If you can't win your fight you
can at least remember two or three con
tractors who did most to defeat you.
When the lock-out ends you can get to
gether and, by united action, come so
near to ruining those contractors that
the difference between what they will get
and utter ruin will not be sufficient to
make them cheerful.
Whenever a strike Is sucessful the lead
ers of a strike are blacklisted by employ
ers and very often the leader who does
tho most for his fellow finds it impos
sible to make a living when the strike
is won. It is perhaps time for work
ingmen to borrow from employers this
very effective scheme.
If thoy will select one or two gentle
men from the contractors' conspiracy,
and, by earnest attention to business,
make each of them lose about 550,000 a
year for Ave consecutive years It is cer
tain that those particular contractors will
never lead any other conspiracy to keep
50.000 men Idle for a year.
ToU worklngmen might think over this
occasionally while you are wondering
where your next meal is coming from.
i
"COXSENT" IN THE SOUTH.
An Antl-Imperlrillst Organ With Evi
dent Misgivings.
New Tork Evening Post.
It is interesting to watch the develop
ment of sentiment in the South on
Bryan's proposition to make opposition
to imperialism the paramount Issue, and
"the consent of the governed" the rally
ing cry of the campaign. Before the
Kansas City convention a large propor
tion iof Southern pemocrats had com
mitted themselves In favor of holding
the Philippines, on The ground that this
policy would promote Southern trade.
Pretty much all of them were also on
record against asking the consent of the
governed when It was' a question of the
colored race In their own states. A few
jweeks before Senator Tillman read the
paracnount-issue pionic or tne piatiorm in
thB3&&nsas City convention, he had
boifsled- in the Senate that "we took the
goverjament away ' from the blacks, we
stuffed the ballot boxes, we shot them,
we are not ashamed of It." A few months
earlier, Senator Morgan, of Alabama, the
leader on his side of the chamber, had
declared himself against allowing any
man with a. black skin to vote In his
state, no matter how good his character,
how excellent his education or how con
siderable his property.
Tillman undoubtedly has assurance
enough to come North and make stump
speeches in favor of self-government for
tho Filipinos, after having taken It away
from the negroes of his crwn state, but
he is just now fully occupied to an at"
tempt to defend his dispensary system,
and is abusing tho clergy of all denomina
tions because they do not accept his
views. Morgan is perfectly independent,
now that he is assured of another six
years in the Senate, and he took occasion
the other day to declare once more his
Indorsement of the McKlnley policy in
holding the Philippines. A few Demo
cratic newspapers in the South show
some heart In opposing Imperialism, but
more are perfunctory In supporting this
part of the Kansas City platform, and
others openly reject It One of the lat
ter class is the Memphis Commercial Ap
peal, an Influential Tennessee Journal,
which has been carried away with the
expansion policy from the start, ana
which now Bays:
There is no such thlnr as Imperialism con
templated by any party. Legitimate and neces
sary expansion Is an accomplished fact; talk
of imperialism Is arrant nonsense, and non
sense cannot be mado a. paramount Issue any
more than an elephant can be made an eel by
writing- on Its trunk, This is an eel." Ten
nessee's coal. Iron and cotton must find a. mar
ket In the Orient, and the people should be
educated tip to the point where they can see
the utility and benefits of expansion.
Evidently Bryan would find ample field
for missionary work in the South if It
were not for the fact that Its votes will
be returned for him without any refer
ence to the platform on which ho runs."
SUBJUGATORS OF HISTORY.
Washington, Jefferson nnd Jac'lcaon
Were Models of the School.
New York Tribune.
Did the members of the National Antl
Imperlallst League over read the Con
stitution of the United States? They are
exceedingly glib in talking abdut it, but
when in their great manifesto they say,
"For the first time In our country's his
tory tho President has undertaken to Sub
jugate a foreign people and to rule them
by despotic power," they awake the sus
picion that they are talking of something
they know nothing about. What fordarn
people has tho President undertaken to
subjugate? The answer Is found a few
sentences further on In the manifesto:
"He has taken to himself the power to
press upon the inhabitants of the Philip
pines Government without their consent,
taxation without representation."
It is clear, then. The foreign conquest
Is the subjugation of the Philippine Isl
ands. Yet It happens that a treaty, duly1
made and duly ratified, which the Con
stitution says Is the supreme law of 'the
land, makes the Philippine Islands part
of the territory of tho United States,
just as much as Is Porto Rico, which Mr.
Bryan and the antl-Imperlallsts Insist Is
under the Constitution of the United
States, with its people citizens of the
United States. If they ore right, the Fil
ipinos are citizens of the United States
and not at all a foreign people. At any
rate, the-PhlllppInes are territory of the
United States, r.nd their Inhabitants are
Constitutionally subject to the authority
of the United States Government, and It
Is the President's sworn duty to main
tain that authority.
What a usurper Georpre Washington
was! His sublugatlon of forelen peoples
would seem to have been one of the deep
est blots on the history of this country!
Bv the treaty of 1783 a lot of territory
without American occupants, inhabited by
foreign peoples with their own laws and
erovcrnments. was acquired by the United
States, and George WaFhlngton on becom
ing President proceeded to conquer those
forrlgn peonies and subjpet them to tho
authority of the United States when all
thev asked was liberty to rule themselves
In their own wav according to the Dec
laration of Independence.
In 1803 Jefferson by treatv acquired a
great tract of country Inhabited bv many
forpign peoples, and he and his successors
ever since have been steadily working
to redupe them to obedience to the Amer
ican yoke without giving them citizenship
or the privileges of the Constitution. The
FHipInbs are just as much a forelim peo
ple'as the Sioux or Moquls or other In
dian nations, whose territory was an
nexed to the United States without their
consent, and whie obedience was dc
manded by this Government. They are
not foreign people at all. The Supremo
Court has dpelared them to be "domes
tic dependent nations." owing obedience
to the Government, bt not entitled to
Constitutional citizenship. The platform
writers who talk about the subjugation
of the Inhabitants of annexed territory as
a novelty and call those Inhabitants for
eign peoples evMentlv know or care noth
ing about the Constitution or history of
this country.
Direct Primaries Coming.
Chicago Times-Herald.
( That was a vigorous and fruitful idea
which tho Wisconsin Republicans, in state
convention, launched upon the Bea of
practical politics. The dissatisfaction with
the present system of nominations has
heretofore found expression In purely
academic discussions, but henceforth,
thanks to Mr. La Follette and his fol
lowers, It will take Its place among the
practical proposals which deserve the at
tention of progressive men, especially of
Independents In politics. The Wisconsin
platform contains a specific plank in fa
vor of abandoning the convention plan
and making all nominations by direct
popular voting at the primary elections.
This Is In accord with the spirit of tho
times, with the general feeling that, If
tho party system is to persist. National
and state organizations should be made
amenable to popular control. The
thoughtful voter insists on greater re
sponsibility of parties and enlarged power
and opportunity for the disinterested cit
izen. The Independent voters are ob
viously Interested In restoring freedom
of discussion and action. A party nomi
nation should truly represent tho prefer
ences and wishes of the majority of the
members. There are times when the vot
ers force their choice on the bosses. Re
cent Instances of this are fresh In the
public mind. But when the citizens are
not specially aroused tho machine has
far too much power in the convention.
Direct primary oting for candidates, in
stead of for delegates, Is coming Into
vosue, and It is " by no means a bold
statement to make that this method may
before long be applied to gubernatorial
and Presidential nominations.
What a Protectorate Is.
Sacramento Recprd-Unloh.
Mr. Bryan says that he and his party
could first recognise the Independence of
"our late allies in the Philippines," and
then establish for them a stable gov
ernment, and that done protect It for
ever from outside interference.
All historians agree that the most of
fensive of controls 13 that of the en
forced protectorate. It is but one form
of monorchism. But that aside, if the
one-sixth of the people of the Philip
pines whom Bryan would recognise as
the whole, have the right to be so rec
ognized, and to be free and independent,
then neither the United States nor any
other power has the right to establish
over or for them a stable government.
They have the right to do that for them
selves and absolutely free from the dic
tation, judgment, control or protection of
the United States. For flap-doodle logic
and loose English, commend us to the
Kansas City platform and to the Bryan
esque theories of government.
Akron Riot a Product.
Baltimore American.
The mob which was destroying life and
property at Chicago, and which was re
strained first by the courts and after
wards by the military, was not a whit
more meritorious than the mob In Akron.
It was this Chicago mob, and the squelch
ing of It by the United States, which
suggested Mr. Bryan's attack on the Ju
diciary, and has made the basis of a
plank In the Kansas City platform. On
ly yesterday Mr. Bryan, in his speech
nf !PT7tSJlM tt thft PonilllKt. Tftfn-TPA
grlth prido to this purpoSo of curbwgj
tho courts. It has always been a. bitter
day ia any country, wnen. for political
or any other reasons, the courts have
been curbed; but under a popular gov
ernment it, would be the greatest disas
ter that can bo imagined, and the evil
would be most severe to the very people
whom Mr. Bryan, and his friends are
pretending to help.
SPELLING OP PEKHT.
Weight of Authority Seems to Be tor
Shorter Form.
Kansas City Star.
A heated controversy Is beginning to
rage over the momentous question of
the spelling of the name of the capital
Df China. The public is divided into two
hostile camps, the party using the
"lng" being apparently In the minority.
Just now the advocates of the "g" have
been powerfully reinforced by a letter
from Minister Wu Ting Fang, which Is
triumphantly printed by the Utlca. Ob
server. The Minister writes: "My opin
ion is that Peking is correct; for. in
the Chinese pronunciation, its final
sound Is that or 'ng and not of n.' The
French, I believe, write It Pekln.' be
cause in their pronunciation of the
word thus written the Chinese sounds
are preserved. But the spelling in Eng
lish should be "Peking.' You observe that
the Century Atlas has 'Peking.'"
The fact 13 that the Chinese syllabic
"kin" or "king" has a slight nasal sound
which the English at times have tried to
preserve by means of the "g." The
schemes of pronunciation of nasals In
the various systems of "French self
taught" arc founded on the same plan.
How painful are the results any one
knows who has heard the apt pupil re
peat the phrase "pendant mon absence,"
according to rule a3 "pangdang mpng
absangs." But the English speaking peo
ples make little effort to preserve tho
absolute phonetic spelling of foreign
proper names, or even the spelling adopt
ed by the city Itself. "Paris" Is not
"Paree," nor ic "Vienna" "Wlen." nor
"Florence" "Firenze." English geogra
phies do not recognize the nasals In
France, their great abiding place. It Is
"Caen," not "Caeng," and "Rouen," not
"Roueng."
Ease of pronunciation, simplicity, brev
ity and familiarity to the eye are all
taken into account in turning foreign
names Into English. These considera
tions count the more in the tase oC
China, where there is no alphabet, but
only a large collection of root syllables
on which the language Is based. Con
sequently, tho official spelling of the
name of China's capital by the United
States Government is Pekin. not Pe
king. The geographical board, which
has been in existence for 10 years, de
termlnen such matters. Its latest re
port, published In May, says: "Pekln:
Capital city. Northern China. (Not Pel
chlng, Peking, Shun-tlen-fu nor Yon.)
Wandering Sheep Return.
New York Evening Post.
Bryan remarked In a speech at Wahoo,
the county seat of Saunders County, Ne
braska, yesterday, that ho did "not be
lieve you can find In this county any
man who voted with us In 1S96. and who
understood the issues then before the
country, who has changed his mind on
those issues and now believes that tho
Republican party was right In 1S9S."
Wo have no evidence about Saunders
County, Nebraska, but there have been
abundant proofs that in many of tht
states west of the Missouri River, where
Republicans voted for Bryan on the 's
sues of 1SS6, a host of them have since
become convinced that the Republican
party was right In that year and have
returned to It. Washington, for exam
ple, gave Bryan almost 12.E00 plurality
In 1S96 and elected two opposition Rep
resentatives In Congress by almost as
large pluralities, while in 1S08 it gave
the Republican candidates for the House
pluralities of several thousands. An Im
portant element In this revolution was
the change of opinion among the farm
ers In the eastern part of tho state, who
had accepted the Bryan theories about
silver in 1S06 and rejected them in 1S33.
More conclusive still Is the evidence fur
nished by Oregon. In the state election
Of June, 1S95, the opposition polled 1S.623
votes for one of their candidates and
20,135 for the other a total of 44.753.
against only 40,451 for the Republican
nominee: whereas, last June the Repub
licans had a majority of more than 5000
over a fusion ticket, and that, too, on
a platform which was "flat-footed" for
tho gold standard. Bryan Is, Indeed, liv
ing In a fool's paradise If he really be
lieves that no voters have changed their
minds about the issues of 1806.
MEN AXD WOMEN.
The famous farm of the late Ward McAllis
ter, at Mlddletown, R. I., Is about to be con
verted Into a Roman Catholic cemetery.
Alvtnza H&yward. the California millionaire
and mining king, still wears tho stylo of
beaver silk hat that was In vogue CO years
afro. For half a century ho has had his hats
mado over the same block.
John P. Irish, once a. well-known Western
journalist, and now Naval officer of the Port
of San Francisco, lia3 one peculiarity he will
not wear a necktie. He onco had throat
trouble, and concluded It came from too much
wrapping ud of his neck.
When Arthur Maion Smith finished his
course in the University of Chicago on Satur
day, and received the degree of doctor of
philosophy, ho was notified that, on the rec
ommendation of Dr. Harper, he had been
chosen president of Oahu College. Honolulu.
In a communication to the London Lancet,
Dr. Eldridre Green remarks that. Incredible
as it may seem, shipowners are able to, and
really do. employ color blind officers n ho have
been rejected by the Board of Trade, and who
may have been discharged by other companies.
It Is said that tho word "silhouette" orig
inated from the niggardliness of a French Min
ister of Finance, named M. Silhouette. Under
his rule the meanest tricks of economy were
practiced, and the courtiers nad their por
traits painted entirely In black, with profile
view, clalmlnr that M. Silhouette had left
them so poor that they could not afford any
thing more costly.
Miss Abble Goodrich Chapln. representing
tho American Board and the Woman's Board
of Missions. Boston, Is a missionary by birth.
for her parents -were missionaries, and shd was
born In Tung Cho, North China, from which
she and her associates were driven to Pekln
by the mob or tho soldiers. She was graduated
from tho Methodist University of Southern Cal
ifornia, and embarked for the mission field as
a missionary in 1S03.
William H. Toung. cf Troy, N. T., has been
tho treasurer of tho Rennselaer Polytechnic In
stitute for half a century, being nominated to
that position February 5, 1830. vice Day O.
Kellogg,-resigned.. Within Mr. Young's admin
istration more than 1000 students have been
graduated, and more than $2,000,000 has passed
through his bands. Ho Is now in his 83d
year, and his connection with the affairs of
Troy's great engineering school will always be
remembered as one of the moat remarkable
terms of office In any Institution's history.
A Summer Day on the Farm.
Chicago Times-Herald,
rthe cows are standing In the pool,
Tho colts, with sleepy eyes.
Beneath the trees are keeping cool
And switching off the flies.
The sun shines hot upon the hill.
The grass is dry and brown;
Tho restless poplar's leaves are etlll
And limply hanging down.
The dog lies where thick shadows fall,
The chickens doze away
In dusty holss beside the wall
Through all the weary day.
The wormy apples tumble through
The tangle of the leaves:
The doves, with nothing else to do.
Sit ldlo on the eaves.
The shocks of wheat. In yellow rows,
Like weary soldiers stand,
"What time a dozen tired crows
Flap slowly o'er the land.
The run chines hot upon the hill,
Tho grass Is 'brown and dry.
Where hot. round pebbles gleam a rill.
In Springtime, babbled by.
Tho farmer's shirt Is wet, and yet
What cause has he to holler?
Why should he frown r sigh or fret?
He doesn't wear a collarl fc . ,
NOTE AND COMMENT.,, .n1
And Chicago has not sued the ceawuaf
bureau for llbeU
The yellow peril seems to be chiefly foe
the yellow people. ,
At this stage ot tho contest the clrcusj
Is still in the ring.
A man who is looking for trouble never
needs to ask hl3 friends to6 jolnlnthe
hunt. "" '
The silver tongue continues to wag la
the Iron jaws of brasen-cheeked poll-
tlclana.
One of the Chinese cities would be feel
ing llko Omaha it they took a census
about now. v
Of course! no section of the countrycah
cry "riot" at Ohio with such good tas'fe
as the Sunny South.
The Chinese soldiers had better be care
ful. Count von Walderse will go over
there ono of these days If they don't look
out.
He sought and won the maiden's hand.
But ere he dared to as It.
Ha won her heart by gtvlng her
A shapeless Indian basket.
Senator Petllgrew will Boon have an op
portunity to ask a. Congressional com
mitteo to Investigate what struck too
B-emocratic party. ,
He who bathes and runs away
May live to- bathe another day;
But he who tarries In the wave
Will shake himself Into his grave.
The police will have a good chance to
spot pickpockets for the next two or
three weeks, and when they are spotted
they should be striped.
Emperor William la now trylnff to run
an automobile. We shall soon hear that
the manufacturer of the machine he uses
has been Jailed for lese-majeste.
Now doth the festive Summer maid ii.
Contrive, with labor sore, "
To scrape from off her rounded cheeks '
The nut-brow n hue she's spent three weeks
In getting at the shore.
There Is no probability of war among
the powera oh account of disagreements
In' China for a number of years. The
first ultimata have not yet been ex
changed. Italy boasts that 500 people were killed
In duels there last year. One Kentucky
election can make that record look as
If it had Just suffered an attack of the
bubonlc plague.
With fingers weary and worn.
With ejellds heavy and red.
A -Roman sat through the weary night
Plying her needle and thrad. '
Stitch, stitch, stitch.
Till the oil In the lamp burned low.
Stitch, stltoh, stitch.
Till the dawn began to glow.
And why did she sow all the dreary night
Till her brow wai seamed with care?
Because, forsooth, she was dressing dolla
For the Blanksteenth-Street Church fair.
BACHELOR HYPOCHONDRIA.
The Improper study of mankind la
woman.
If the world had as many people of
brains as bright babies there would bar
fewer fools In it.
The Summer practice of covering cor
sets with gauze or mosquito netting, al
though not artistic, seems to answer tho
purpose.
Why is it that whenever you meet a girl
at the beach she looks so unconsciously
self-conscious?
How very strange it is that thefe la
so little beauty In the world when every
mother who contributes a brat to it
thinks her duckling a swan!
It has almost come to such a pass that
the girl who does not Indulge In surf
bathing has a reason for lu
Some Amazons do not reflect that if
there were anything In the world mora
womanly than a womanly woman there
would be no need of woman.
I may be mistaken, but It seems to mo
that If I were a girl and had red hair
I would not dress In white, nor If I had
big feet would I wear short skirts.
No matter how big a woman's feet are,,
they always manage to float, when you
are teaching her to swim.
As soon as a woman enters the car
stare at her If you can't bear critical
examination yourself.
When a girl hunts huckle-berrles In the
groves at the seaside on Sunday after
noon she Is not hunting huckle-berrles.
In the extravaganza of our affections
wo used to love the Summer girl, but
that was before we saw her arrayed In
her paraphernalia and realized how our
fond dream had duped us.
However far a woman may fall short
of that Indigenous comeliness which does
not need the Ingenious blinds of artful
civilization, she can pass herself off well
enough in Winter with putty, paint and
paste, but these protections do not avail
In Summer against ravages of sun. wind
and tide. NAMBY PAMiBY.
PliEASANTRXES OF PAItAGRAPHERS
"Old Books Sold Here Dam Cheap." Is the
attractive legend inscribed on a shop In a back
street In Bombay. Glasgow Evening Times.
Quinn Strange, about the lack of fish yarns
this Summer. De Font Not at all; the fel
lows who usually spin them have all got Jobs
as war correspondents In Shanghai. Philadel
phia Record.
In the Darkest -South.-Flrst Cltlzea-Tho
Chinese ain't so far behind the times as wo
supposed. Second Citizen No, Indeed: I reck
on they could pull oft quite a respectable
lynchln bee. Puck.
With Regrets. "Tho true editorial spirit."
ald the old-timer. "Is declining." "r guess
you're right." agreed the struggling author.
"It certainly doesn't appear to be accepting."
Philadelphia Press.
He Surely Does. Watts It seems to be tho
tendency or civilization to put the dollar ahead
of the man. Potts That Is done In order that
the man may go after the dollar. Indianapolis
Press.
Full of Water. "How do you feel nowT
asked his rescucn. "Like a Jersey Tru3t."
gasped the half-drowned man, faintly. Then
they rolled him on the barrel some more, for
they, too, were financier"1 Harper's Bazar.
Easy Enough. "I." said the young man with
the high brow and eagle eye, "would have my
name In the mouths of men; some calling me
accursed and others shouting my acclaim to
the ringing welkin." "That's dead easy," said
the rentleman with the grizzled beard. "Just
bolt your party ticket." Indianapolis Press.
The Importnnt Question.
Town Topics.
When the rich and the poor are equal.
And merged In a mighty whole;
When there's neither Prince nor pauper.
And soul Is revealed to poul; -
When the North and the South are mingled
And there Is no Ea3t nor Wet.
Nor time, nor tide, we arall see it
That what has been done Is best.
At last, with our senses sharpened.
Swinging from sphere to sphere.
We'll read the Book of Ages,
Our eyes made strong and clear.
We'll learn that, were dreams all granted,
We'd lose where we thought to win;
That this Is a vain endeavor
To long for the Might Have Been.
And thon, dear heart, you will know xas
As you never knew before;
In my Holy of Holies enter ?
Through eagerly opening door.
You will know that I loved you. loved you
With a lore that half conferred.
That I would have man led you gladly
Would your father hai e done the rest.