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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 31, 1900)
VOL. XL. NO. 12,392. PORTLAND, OREGON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 31, 1900. PRICE FIVE CENTS. The label that means quality... THEPLANIST00M1LD Amm&mxuz&smK Those familiar vtfth the "BLATZ" bot tle beers will always recognize the trfangled label. These are the bottle beer brands: Export Wiener. Ask for "BLATZ" and watch for this label. ROTHCHILD BROS., Agents, 20-26 N. First St. Hot-Air Furnaces, Steam and Hot-Water Boilers Will make a hot too" in any house long after the Carnival Is ended, and our "coppers are cooled" if properly installed. We shall be most flattered If visiting Brother Elks and all others interested in heating and ventilating their homes -will call and inspect the largest and most complete line of heating apparatus west of .Chicago. Also, all kinds of hotel and restaurant cooking ranges. British Dlssatisfied'WItn Rus-so-American Programme. WANT MORE VIGOROUS POLICY Czar's Part of the Proposal garded "With- Snsplclon The Sit uation at Amoy. Re- BEATINQ AND VENTILATING ENGINEER 47 FIRST STREET CHMERHS PREMO POCO RAY. MGNTAUK CTCLONE AND ADLAKE MAGAZINES. WHOLESALE AND .RETAIL. EASTMAN'S FULL LINE OF KODAKS. BLUIVSAUER-FRANK DRUG CO. 144-146 FOURTH ST., NEAR MORRISON Km. METSCEAN. Pros. - " KNOWLES. MET. Office, -whose attention, was called to the dispatch by the correspondent otthe As sociated Press, said the statement was not correct In the form in which it ap peared. Tnpoiipc Troops to Leave Amoy. "WASHINGTON, Aug. 3U. A telegram has been received at the Japanese lega tion to the effect that, having been in formed by the Japanese Consul at Amay that ho has been assured by the Chinese authorities of their readiness to afford full protection to the foreign residents and their property at that port, the Japanese Government has already ordered the with drawal of the marines detailed "to- protect the Japanese property In the native town, and Is prepared to withdraw the rest of the marines as soon as it is satisfied that the peace and order of the port are assured. European Plan: SEVENTH AND WASHINGTON STREETS. PORTLAND, OREGON CHANGE OP MANAGEMENT . $1.00, $1.50, $2.00 per Day EXCLUSIVE CARPET HOUSE. J.GJack&Co. 88 Third St Opposite Chester tl Ceosttree then the Desirable That is sound sense, and good logic We offer the necessary: a practical edu-catipn-lhe bread-and-butter Tdhg-usefnl amTusabTeJn everydajjlfe. We teach Reading J0TeiltaB;iGramm clal Law. Bookkeeping, Banking, Busineess Forms, Business Practice, Shorthand, Typewriting, letter Copying. Manifolding, Mimeographing. Legal Forms, Court Papers, Office Work. Etc Hundreds of our students have been sent to good po sitions. Thousands moro will be. "Verily, a business education pays. Call or send for our catalogue learn what and how we teach. To be had for the asking. PORTLAND BUSINESS COLLEGE Park and Washington Streets A. P. Armstrong. LL. B.. Principal. J. A. Wesco. Penman and Secretary. Woodfark's irple Easily applied to, easily removed from, electric lamps or any glass sur face. A beautiful, ap propriate and inexpensive decoration for the Car nival. Price 50c. $1.00 and $1.50 per bottle. 0 Preserved Tropical Palms Everlasting, never-fadirjg, natural, beautiful, incx-t pensive, potted and de livered free to any ad dress. Prices place them everywhere 70c, JI.OOC $1.25. $1.75. $Z50, $3.25. $4.75. LONDON. Aug. St 3:20 A. M. The Bus so-American "surprise," as It Is called, Is the feature of the morning -papers. While Russia's part In the proposal Is regarded with considerable suspicion, It is gen erally Tecognlzed that the flight of the Empress Dowager and the-Emperor ren ders the situation extremely difficult and, therefore, that it might be wise to adopt the Russo-Amerlcan programme as the best solution of the problem. At the same time a very strong feeling is displayed in favor of a more vigorous line of policy. The Dally Graphic says: "The United States Is almost morbrdly anxious to wash its hands of the Chi nese embarrassment. This has long been apparent. But It Is rather surprising to hear Its anxiety is shared by Russia. With the possible exception of Germany, there is probably not another power that would seriously object to the evacuation of Pekln." Th Dallv Mall observes: "Probably Russia, with the assistance of the United States and France, hopes to dictate to the other powers a far Eastern policy In suring the accomplishment of Russian de dmc -which would be greatly facilitated by the acceptance of Ll Hung Chang as plenipotentiary. The powers should re fuse to accept any Intermediary or to evacuate Pekln. which would only be In terpreted as a sign of weakness." The Dally Express and the Dally Chron icle protest against 'placing any reliance on the professions of Ll Hung Chang, or of the Chinese authorities. The Standard says. "It Is not easy to overrate the Importance of the decision of the United States. The desire both of Washington and St. Petersburg to with draw from Pekln is very lntemgimu. ruu 11c opinion in America is averse to for eign complications, while Russia has dis covered that conditions are not propitious for her schemes o conquest She lacks the necessary large army, and wants the trans-Siberian Railroad completed before she can stretch her arms across Northern Asia. The powers must, however, retain their hold on the capital, witnorawui, although not inconsistent with the dig nity of the Washington Government, would be Impracticable for the others. It would be counted as a triumph by the antl-forelgn party In China, and repre sented throughout the empire as due to the cowardice of Europe." The Dally News says: "Considering that the Empress Dowager openly en couraged the attacks' upon the foreigners, the suggestion that the Imperial person ages are to return to Pekln is rather startling, and the latest development of Russian diplomacy requires explanation, at least." ' TheSlDatly;Telegraph(0W!ervs". 'Accept-ance-of Xi Hung'Chahg"ls'a1mostthe only thing the allies can do'." His Intervention would undoubtedly make for peace," The Times makes no comment upon the Russian proposals. According to the Pekln correspondent of the Dally Mall, wiring August 15, when, on the approach of the allies, the Tsung H Tamun asked an Interview with the besieged, four of the Ministers opposea and seven favored complying with the request. An appointment was made for the next day, but the Chinese Ministers did not come. During the siege, every scrap of metal, Including candle-sticks and ornaments, were converted Into am munition. A gun was made from a Are extinguisher. Ten thousand sand bags were made of silk brocade, vaiuea at o per bag. Sir Claude MacDonald, the Brit ish Minister, sent a massage recommend ing the water gate for the entry of the troops. From Che Foo It is announced that the telegraph offices are overwhelmed with work and that an Immense accumulation of dispatches are awaiting transmission. ROGERS SLATE GOES committees of the three silver parties are still at work, without having accomplished tangible results. It is said, however, that the prospects for effecting a fusion have improved since last night. SeattleFusion ConventionWas . Disorderly, but No Bolt. HOORE TURNED DOWN FOR JUDGE SwSiSSm. Woodard, Clarke & Co. BisHOPstmcmi Founded 1870. J. W. Hill, ai. D., Principal. Christmas Term Open Sept. IS, lOOO. X Boardlnr and Da School. Under present tnojmceraent since 1S7S Frtaarr, Preparatory and Acidemia Depart ments; College Preparation, Military Discip line, Hanual Tratntnr. Boys ot ail ares re ceived. For catalogues or Information address the Principal, J. W. HILL, 1L D.. P. O. drawer IT Portland. Or. 7f 1 PNEUMATIC RUNABOUTS.... Just the thing for a spin on the White House Road. We have them in several varieties, both one and two-seat. We are also showing the smartest effects In Stanhopes, sin gle and two-seat Traps, Open and Top Surreys, Bike Wagons, with wood and wire wheels, solid rubber cushion and pneumatic tiros. We have a most complete line of Fine Harness. Visitors are always welcome. Carriage, Wagons, Bsraru, Robe and Whips. 320-338 E. Morrison St. Will Protect Germans. BERLIN, Aug. 30. In response to an appeal from the Germans in Hankow, Emperor William wired the German Con sul there as follows: Tell the German trading community, in answer to their telegram, that pro tection for the Yangtse Valley will be provided on the arrival of nine warships now on the way to unina. Russian Operations. ST. PETERSBURG. Aug. 30. Dis patches received here under today's date report that General Rennenkamp, of tue flying column, Is pushing rapidly towards Tsl Tsl Har. The telegraph is working from Aglun to Mergen. The Russian losses during the advance were three on cers and 22 men. killed and live officers and 78 men wounded. British Marines at Amor. HONG KONG, Aug. 30. The British cruiser Isls will land 60 marines at the British concession in Amoy today. The f transport Formosa will proceed to Taku, though General Gaseiee. commanaer o the British forces at Pekln, wires that he does not require any more troops, except cavalry. Fnnlo In Amoy. LONDON, Aug. SOU There Is a great panic in Amoy, according to the Hong Kong correspondent of the Dally Mall, wiring yesterday, owing to the landing of the Japanese. The Chinese are leav ing and thieves are looting indiscrimi nately. CANADIAN STRIKE ENDED. Mechanics All Alone? the Railroad Will Return to Work. VANCOUVER, B. C, Aug. 30. The strike of railway mechanics on the Cana dian Pacific Railway has been declared off, and the men In all the shops from Fort William to. Vancouver will return to work tomorrow. At Winnipeg some of the strikers resumed work this after noon. The only matter now In dispute is the rate of wages to be paid machin ists, and this will be settled by arbitra tion. The strike lasted 2S days, and was everywhere quiet and orderly. Redaction In Waffes. FALL RIVER, Mass.', Aug. SO. An agreement Is being circulated among manufacturers In thla city calling for a reduction in wages of 11 1-9 per penfcno take ffeet September 17, affeefln3,.aU BfcH River operatives. Th6 signatures of mill agents representing about 1,000.000 spindles, or one-third of 'the corporations of the city, have already been obtained. The cause for Jhe secrecy observed in cir culating the agreement lies in the fact that, bv making the plan public now, stockholders opposed to a reduction at this period of the year might thwart the plan of the selling committee and buyers might" discount the effect of the reduction and insist upon a proportionate decrease in the print-cloth quotations, j 'Thomas J. Powers Killed., PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 30. Thomas J. Powers, Commissioner of Banking fpr Pennsylvania, was killed by falling fronra train In the outskirts of this city last night. Mr. Powers was 65 years old. and wa3 a conspicuous figure at Republican National conventions, and was one of the 30 who held out for a third term for General Grant. One of his sons, Lieuten ant Powers, Is in the regular Army at Manila. Delegates Censure Themselves for Submitting to the Domination of Heelers and Grafters.. SEATTLE, Aug. 30. The union conven tion today completed its state ticket by the nomination of the following: Lieutenant-Governor W. E. McCroskey, Dem., of Whitman. THE TIPTON HOLD-UP. Bandits "Who Robbed the Union Pa cific Train Still at Larce. DENVER, Aug. 30. A special to the News from Cheyenne, Wyo., says: Posses have been sent out from Raw lins. Rock Springs. Green River and other places in search of the bandits who held up Union Pacific passenger train No. 3 near. Tipton Station, last night. They have been traced In a southern direction toward the Colorado line. There are some steep mountains north of Rock Springs, where It will be hard to locate them If they once reach the range, but thev are now thought to be south of the railroad. Paul Bailey, of the United States Marshal's force, has telegraphed I to the Washington autnonues. astuns A CENTURY'S RECORD One Hundred Years of Ameri can Diplomacy. PAPER BY JOHN BASSETT H00I2 JOHN BASSETT MOORE. CROSSED GOBI DESERT. II bo. yoa want to shins brilliantly among your friends. You can't accomplish your object mere easily than oy Becoming a magnincent pianist in a aays time. Yen become a magnificent pianist immediately if you buy a Pianola. Drop in and inspect the Instrument. We sell, also, the very best pianos: The Stelnway and the A. B. Chase. M. B. WELLS, Northwest A$ent for the Aeolian Company 353-355 Washington Street, opp. Cordray's, Portland, Or. Flight of American Missionaries From Kalgon. NEW YORK, Aug. 30. Information re garding the escape of missionaries from Kalgon was received by the Rev. Dr. C. C. Creegan. American agent of the Mis sionary Board, Congregatlonallst, todny. Kalgon Is about 150 miles north and a lit tle west of Pekln. This information came in letters from the Rev. Mark William, of the Kalgon mission. One was dated June 26. written from'a point 60 miles northwest of Kalgon. His party Included the Rev. James H. Roberts and the Rev. William P. Spraguo and wife. They had Joined a caravan which Mrs. Larson, of the Mlslonary Alliance, had provided for another purpose. With some Swedish mis sionaries, the party then Included 13 adults and six children. The second letter Is dated Urga, In Mon golia, July 31. They had been traveling 38 days at that time. They learned from the servant of a Russian merchant, who had .fled, that their houses had been looted and then burned by the Chinese soldiers. Mr. Williams lost his diaries which he had kept for B0 years. Even the houses of Chinese merchants who had dealt with the foreigners had been pillaged. Mr. Williams adds: "We leave tomorrow for Klachota, in Siberia, distant 12 days. We go 20 miles a day by camel cart and horse as before. There we hope to go home by railroad via St. Petersburg. While the crossing of the Desert of Gobi was hard from the great heat and the long stages we were obliged to make to reach wells, yet all kept well. Sometimes we traveled all night." GERMANY'S HOLY WAR, Consecrating: the Klasrs for the China Regiments. BERLIN, Aug. 30. The flag consecra tion today was a much more elaborate ceremony than usual, owing to the fact that the flags for the China regiments were included. Pastor Wolfing delivered the consecration address. Pointing to the flaring cross in the folds of a flag, he said: "It is a crusade. It is a holy war. In ternational law has been broken and the laws of humanity have been trodden un der foot. Oriental barbarism has arisen against Occidental civilisation." Today's papers reprint a London dis patch from Washington saying that the United States Government addressed a circular to the powers August 24 regard ing the future policy in. China, and also that all the powers answered that they could see no reason for changing their present policy, but were unable to discuss further plans until full reports had been received from their diplomatic represen tatives regarding the political situation. A high official of the German Foreign WHO SPOKE ON "A HUNDRED YEARS OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY" BE FORE THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION LAST NIGHT. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT NEWS China. Russia and the United States have agreed ,n n !uft DroKramme. Pagce 1 and 2. L The Russo-Amerlcan agreement does not meet with, favor in England. Page 1. Japan will withdraw Its marines from Amoy. Pagel. Siege conditions in Pekln are described. Page 2. Foreign. There are 11 cases of the plague In Glas gow. Page 5. .,,,, Many British prisoners have been released by the Boers. Page 5. The Taft Commission Is ready to establish civil government in the Philippines. Pago 5. Political. Governor Rogers' elate goes through at the Seattle fusion convention. Page 1. Anti-fusion Populists of Idaho will hold a state convention at Lewiston September 20. Page 5. ' Domestic John B. Moore spoke on. "A Hundred Years of American Diplomacy" before the American Bar Association. Page L The men who robbed the Union Macule train at aipton oiuuuu o - large. Pago I. Kid McCoy was knocked out In the fifth round by Corbett, at Madison-Square Garden. Page3.k Judge Leo Rassieur was elected command-er-in-dhlef of the G. A. R.; next en campment In Denver. Pfae o. O H. Fe there 'was elected supreme chan 'cellor of the K. of P.; next gathering in San Francisco. Page 3. Fire insurance agents are holding a con vention In Milwaukee. Page 2. Pacific Const. Arthur Kelly, 12-year-old Milton boy, mur dered his father. Page 4. Heavy less of life by storms at Cape Nome. Page 4. Family of three burned to death at Van couver, B. C. Page 4. F. Scott Morrison, of Chicago, murdered by Siberian savages. Page 5. "W A. Rummel, of Salem, killed by the bursting of an emery wheel. Page 4. H B. Stevens, former Portland news paper reporter, committed suicide at Tacoma. Page 4. Hop contract at 12 cents a pound filed In Marion County. Pago 4. r m Marine. Freights are high on both coasts of Amer ica. PageS, Steamship Argyll ships an American crew. Page 5. Steam collier Washtenaw overdue. Page 5. Only ballast ships now due at Portland. Page 5. Steamship Thyra collides with railroad trestle at Astoria. Page 5. Local. Chancellor Day, of Syracuse University, will nreach here next Sunday. Page 12. Multnomah Amateur Athletic Club will send Wllkle C. Dunlway to compete In the -amateur billiard championship. Pagetf. Miss Sadie American lectured'' at. Beth Israel Temple on the history of the Council Of Jerusalem. Page 8. . Supreme Judges E. C. Million, Dem.. of SHagit; Richard Winson, Pop., of King. -Secretary o State James A. .Brady, Pna. of Snohomish. ..State1 "A-fidltor-Tj. JY Sllverthorn, Pop., Of Douglas. , ...,- Treasurer W. Bi Runner, Pop., r,ot Spo kane, c? Attorney-General T. M. Vance, Dem., of Yakima. Land Commissioner O. R. Holcomb, Dem., of Adams. Superintendent - of Public Instruction Frank J. Browne, Sil. Rep., of King. -Presidential Electors George T. Cot terlll, of King; N. G. Blalock, of Walla Wallar Fred Reeves, of Chelan; J. G. Helm, of Pacific. Nearly all these nominations were made by acclamation. The victory of Governor Rogers placed the convention completely In the hands of the Governor's faction, and in. only instance was 'formidable op position .offered to the slate. That was the nomination of William Hickman Moore, of King, against E. C. Million, of Skagit, the Rogers candidate. Moore had been associated with Ronald in the King County primary flght, and the Democratic delegation was pledged to him. The Moore supporters made an. effort to have him and Million nominated by acclama tion, but It was strongly opposed "by the dominant element, which Insisted that one Judge be nominated at & time. These were precisely the tactfes used yesterday, which so nearly eliminated Ronald from As tne voting that a Federal reward be placed upon the bandits. No action has yet been taken by the state looking to the capture of the robbers. No accurate information is obtainable at this time of tho. amount of money th robbers secured frpm. the express, safe, Officials say. however, that it was not large. Conductor Ed. J. Kerrigan, who was in charge of the train when it was held up, came in to Cheyenne today. He gave the followlpg account of the hold up: "We had Just passed Tipton when I felt the train stopping. I knew some thing was wrong, and went up ahead to see what It was. There was a small fire by the track, and I saw some men going down toward the baggage car. As soon as I reached the engine a man covered me with a Winchester, and made me hold up my hands. When, he saw I was the conductor he took mo back to tho pas senger cars and told me to uncouple the mall, express and baggage cars, so they could run them down the track. I start ed to do this, but the train was on a steep grade, and the passenger cars started to move down by themselves. They let me set the brakes on tho coaches to hold them, and then ran the front part of the train down the track about half a mile. After they stopped they ordered Woodcock, the baggage and express man, to unlock his cars and come out. This be refused to do for a minute: then, when I saw they were going to blow up the car, I told him to the Congressional ngnt. as ine voiuig come outj and he djd so proceeded, It became evident that Million ..g.. t00 the engineer, Henry Waller was going to beat Moore, so King County caucused and withdrew the latter s name. Million was then nominated by acclama tion. The Rogers people offered to give the second Judgeship to Judge WInsor. of Seattle, a well-known. Populist leader. King County again caucused and had a very stormy time. The radical element Insisted on accepting nothing from the majority, but cooler counsels prevailed and the delegation acceded. WInsor was then nominated by acclamation, as were all the other candidates. The progress of the convention to day was marked by many disorderly scenes. In which the bitterness ot feel ng by the irreconcilable element against Rogers and Turner was manifested. .Dur ing the Judgeship flght the personal hos tility of several speakers toward Senator Turner, who has made the Rogers fight, was so marked that James Hamilton Lew Is and F. R. McDonald, of King, apolo gized for it to Turner on the convention floor. Afterwards, In the Democratic con vention thati followed the union conven tion. Senator Turner was named for com-mitteeman-at-large by acclamation, the nomination being seconded by King and Pierce Counties. A semblance to harmony was restored. There was no bolt from the convention today, although a number of delegates were absent from their seats. A feature of today's convention was the Introduction by Lively of King, a Popu list, of a resolution denouncing the pack ing caucuses and maintaining headquar ters "with gangs of heelers, grafters " etc., "as has been the case In this fusion party of late." The resolution continued: "Notice is hereby served on all persons observing such practices that we hereby cut them out in the future." Suggestions to give this resolution to the Republican party wcra sternly rebuked by the chair. F. C. Robertson, of Spo kane, moved the resolutions be referred to the platform committee. This brought Mr. Lively to his feet. "I believe this motion is meant to kill the resolution," said he. "This convention has been subject to those practices." The res olution was adopted. At a meeting of the State Central Com mittee this afternoon, Henry Drum, of Spokane, was elected chairman; Senator Turner, treasurer, and George Hazzard, of Tacoma. secretary. The latter agreed to serve only till September. The Demo cratic committee will assume charge of the fusion campaign. The convention today nominated Will iam White as candidate for faupreme Judge for the unexpired term of Judge Gordon. The term will occupy two months November and December. Still at Worlc stein, the fireman, Woodcock, the brake- man and myself down the tracK a nine distance, and left us guarded by one man, while they blew up the cars and safes. They blew the roof, sides and end of the baggage-car and demolished the next car to it. They put three charges on the safe before they could creak it open. After they got what they wanted they went to tneir horses, which were tied near by, and fled. It took about an hour to com nlotft thplr -work. "They did not rob the passengers, but I had a hard time to keep the passengers In the cars out of sight before we cut off the front cars. They shot at one passenger to scare him; another one got to walking around, and a robber knocked him down with the butt of his Winchester and told him to He there or he would got killed. Another old man, who was deaf, put hl3 head out of a car window, and I Just got to him In time to save his life. He did not hear the robbers' orders. "There may have been five of them. Two were at the baggage-cars using dy namite, one was at the engine guarding us. and I think they left another with the horses. They were all bad men and well armed. I think I couia laentuy mem u. I saw them again." W. M. Kuhns. who was flagman on the traln,sald: "Brakeman Fred Nash and I were on the train. As soon as the train stopped I Vimu.'ht the entrlne was broken, and stepped off behind. When I beard a shot I knew we were held up. T ran back with some fuses to warn a special freight which was following us. When I got back they had Kerrigan, and were making him uncouple the cars. I tell you he was gritty, and deserves great credit- He would not uncouple those cars until they let him fix the brakes. He explained to them that these cars full of people would rush down on the baggage-cars and cause death If left alone without brakes. They took the train off and guarded us while they used the dynamite. We could see their horses a few hundred yards from the train guarded by one man." The Alabama in Port. BOISE, Idaho, Aug. 30. The executive preparation made for the run. LEWES, Del.. Aug. 30. The battle-ship Alabama, which has Just completed her official trial trip, arrived, at the Delaware Breakwater this .morning on her way to Philadelphia, where she will soon be for mally turned over to the Government. The battle-ship made the run from Bos ton to the Delaware Capes In 2S hours, maintaining an average speed of 16 knots, which Is her contract speed. From Nantucket Shoals Lightship In a. run of Toft hours, the ship averaged 16.26 knots without being pushed or having special Read Before the American Bar'AsaM elation Proceedings ot tho Convention. SARATOGA, N. Y Aug; SO. At today's session of the Twenty-third annual meet ing of the American Bar Association, the annual address was delivered by George R. Peck, of Chicago, who spoke on "Tho March of the Constitution." At the afternoon session, the reports of standing committees were presented. The one on Jurisprudence and law re form was read and adopted. The same disposition was made of the report on Judicial administration and judicial pro cedure. Reports on legal education and admission to the bar and on law re porting and digesting were passed. The report on commercial law was adopted after extended discussion. The reports on international law and obituaries were submitted and adopted. The report on patent, trade-mark and copyright was adopted after a protracted debate. The special committee on Industrial property and International negotiations reported In part and asked to continue for an other year and thl3 was granted. The special reports on title to real estate and on "John Marshall Day" were presented and adopted. In the general session tonight, an ex haustive paper was read by John B. Moore, of New York, on "A Hundred Years of American Diplomacy." It fol lows: "A century and a quarter ago the 13 united colonies were declared to possess, as independent states, 'full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent states may of "right do.' During the period that has since elapsed there have been great mutations In the world's political and moral order. To those changes the United States, as tho exponent of the cause of free government, free commerce and free seas, has largely contributed. The foundations of Its foreign policy were laid in the early days of the Re public, by the great men who gave to the Government its original form and pur- pose. Prior to 17S9. when the Federal . Constitution went Into effect, the United States had entered Into 14 treaties, cover ing a wide range of subjects, such as peace and war, political alliance, pecu niary loans, commercial Intercourse, and the riehts of Consuls. Among their va rious stipulations wo find provisions for liberty of conscience, tho abolition of the disabilities of aliens, the peaceful adjustment of International disputes, and the mitigation ot the evll3 of war. Not onlv were some of these provisions la I advance of the International law of tho time, but the proposals of. the uovern mint were In some respects. In advance of its treaties. One of the great objects at; whioh it aimed wa3 the abolition, of tha system of discriminating duties then la vogue, and the breaking down ot the nar row and short-sighted policy under which the European powers sought to reserve to themselves an exclusive trade with their several colonies. These objects, though slowly accomplished, were In the end to a great extent attained, and particularly the abolishment of discriminating duties. Soon after the organization of perma nent government under the Constitution, there began the. great struggle concern ing neutrality, whoso concluding chap ter may be found only in the treaty aC Washlngton of 1871 and the arbitration at Geneva. This contest, which arose la the early stages of the first general European war, growing out of the French Revolution, was found to Involve both the maintenance of neutral rights and the performance of neutral duties, and neith er had ever been clearly and compre hensively defined. It fell to the United States to define them and to place them on a permanent foundation. In the cor respondence that took place In 1793, be tween Mr. Jefferson, who was then Sec retary of State, and Mr. Genet, the French Minister; In the instructions is sued In August of the same year, by Alexander Hamilton. Secretary ot the Treasury, to the Collector of Customs; and in the act of Congress of June 5, 1794, passed on the recommendation ot the President, the duties or neutrality were set forth with a certainty and pre cision never before attempted. This pol icy, which was thus inaugurated, and which has been confirmed by subsequent legislation and diplomacy. Is acknowl edged to have formed an epoch In the development of International law. Struggle for Nentrtl Rights. "The struggle for neutral rights orig inated In the same great European con flict as tho controversy respecting neu tral duties. Both Great Britain and France Issued belligerent orders and de crees under which the commerce of neu trals" was subjected to unendurable bur dens. For the losses thu3 suffered com pensation was obtained from Great Bri tain, while with France there arose the state of limited war that existed from 1793 to 1S0O. But, after the breach of the peace of Amiens, the depredations on neu tral commerce were renewed with in creased violence. The British orders in council of 1S06 and 1S07, and the decrees issued by Napoleon at Berlin and Mllaa In 1806 and 1S07. with their -bald asser tions of paper blockades and sweeping denials of the rights of neutrality, were met by the United States with protests, with embargoes, with nonlntercourse. and finally. In the case of Great Britain, which was complicated with the question of Impressment, with war. while from. France a considerate maemmty wan af terward obtained by treaty. The preten sions against which the United States protested are no longer Justified on legal grounds. Paper blockades are universal ly condemned. The right of neutrals to carry on a non-contraband trade with belligerents is acknowledged. The claim of Impressment is no longer asserted. "With the claim of Impressment was associated the question ot visitation and search on the high seas. The United States, while conceding the existence of this right in time of war. denied it In time of peace. In 1858 thl3 position was unanimously affirmed by a resolution ot the Senate. 'After the passage ot this resolution. said Mr. Fish, as Secretary of State, on a certain occasion, 'Great Britain formally recognized the principle thus announced, and other maritime pow ers, and writers on international law, all assert it "While maintaining the freedom of tha seas, the United States has also con tended for the free navigation of the nat ural channels by which they are con nected. Such was Its position In the case of the Danish Sound dues. Reasoning by analogy. It has applied the same prin ciple to artificial channels. In 1826 Mr. Clay, Secretary ot State, declared that if (Concluded on Second Pago.)