Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937, August 27, 1900, Image 4

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Morning Oregonian., August 27, 1900, Page 4, Image 4

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Newspaper Page Text--pS'Jf- SfPSP'-V ?SV ,vfw.F"'V-r" Tttt MOTTLING OBEGONIAtf. MJNDAT, AUGUST 27, 1900. hs (Sssgomafc Entered at tilt Poctcf&oe at Portland. Oregon, as second-class matter. TELEPHONES. Editorial Roots... -ICC J Business OOce..-.CG7 REVISED SUBSCRIPTION HATES. By Ma.i 'jxwlaK prepaid), la Advance Dei y. w.tl-tounday, ? month ...... ..$0 83 X-t.y, aunday excepted, per t-.ar.. ...... 7 -50 X-iy with Sunday, per y tar.. . ..-'- 9 00 Sunday, per year ......... ..... ...... 2 00 Te "Weekly, ijer year....-..---.-. ; JTte Weekly. 3 msnths.. ............. T City SutcrHT Xa.2y, per eek, delivered. Sunday excepied.l3c Day, per -week, delivered. Sundays lncluded.)c postage rates. United States. Canada and Mexico: 30 to lC-page paper .................... 10 to 22 page peper ........ .....-.---.-.--c Foreign rates double. Newa or discussion Intended for publication In The Oregonian should be addressed invariably "Editor Tie Oregonian." not to the name cf ccy Individual. Letters relating to advertising. subscT.pticns or to any business matter sboulo be aldresse-l simply "The Oregonian." TS Oregonian d- not by poemo cr stories rem !r vidual. and cannot undertake to re tern ary manuscripts sent to It without aallcita tlon. So stamps abould be inclosed for this purpose. Puget Sound Bwrean Captain A. Thompson, efflce at 1111 Paotflc awnue. Tacorna. Bex 833, Tucoir.a postoSlee. Eas'ern Business Offlrr The Tribune build ing. New Tork City; The Kookcry." Chicago; the ft. C BeckxvHh rpclal agency. .New Tork. For sale in San Francisco by J. K. Cooper. T5 Market street, near 'he Palace botel. and mi Goldsmith Bros.. 236 Sutter elrett. For ale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co.. CI7 Dearborn street. TODAY'S WEATHER-Partly cloudy; vari able wi"ds, mom? northerly IOH.TT,AD, .MOXDAY, ABGrST 27. JTHE "DIRECT TAXES" OF THE CON STITUTION. The makers of the Constitution of the fnlfd States did not want any such tax as an Income tax. Hence they took 2alr.s to exclude It Such tax would be a direct tax; and they were especially Insistent on the doctrine that direct Jtaxes, If levied, should be apportioned among the states according to the num ber of their Inhabitants. There was an Income tax. Indeed, Murine the great Civil War; but the question as to Its Constltutjonality Sievcr was directly adjudicated. No doubt It would have been, bad It con tinued; but soon after the close of the WW- the tax was repealed. It was rarked among extraordinary war meas ures, and was not so resisted as to bring it directly before the Supreme Csurt for adjudication. An income tax might be a proper way of raising National revenue now, but the makers of the Constitution were very averse to giving power to Con gress to levy any kind of direct tax. This subject is examined in the latest r.umber of the Political Science Quar terly by Professor C. J. Bullock, who sets forth clearly and In detail the rea sons why the makers of the Constitu tion put in the clause which declares that direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers. It was Intimately connected with set tlement of the basis of representation in Congrers. First, there was a con troversy between the smaller and larger states, and, second, a contention whether the states were to be entitled to representation for their slaves, and In what ratio. The discussions of , the eubject more and more Jafej fei' the Question of slavery to the front, and turned therefore on the opposing in terests of the Northern and Southern States. As the Southern States insisted en representation for slaves, the North ern States met them by the demand that taxation should be In proportion to representation. Obviously, this de mand was Intended to make the South less desirous of securing representation lor its slaves, since its share of the y.ublic burdens would be increased pro JjKlonally. The various steps of the compromise that followed are brought on In Pro fessor Bullock's paper. First, the con vention voted that representation ehould be proportioned to direct taxa tion, and that direct taxation should la divided among the states In propor tion to population; and for ascertain ment of the population all the free In habitants and tliree-llfths of the slaves should be counted though the motion was purposely so worded as to avoid the actual mention of slaves. In the first draft of the Constitution these i 'revisions were in separate ar-t-es. Thi next step taken in the pro cess of revision brought them together, in section 2, article 1, in this final form, v.r.: 'Representatives and direct taxes thall be apportioned among the several Biutrs according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined ly a Iding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to ecnk'-1 f-T a term of years, and ex cluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all otaer pwsons." Supplementary to this. In section 9, the following clause was inserted, vis: "'No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in Xrcportion to the census of enumera tion hereinbefore directed to be taken." It is . lear from all this that the i ram ws of the Constitution Intended to shut out all direct taxes except such as anight be based on population or num ber of inhabitants; and to put the mat ter beyond cavil, the enumeration re quired for ascertainment of the basis x.t representation was to be adopted for KhB apportionment of. direct taxes, if such should be laid. No direct tax was to be laid on property, or on the citl rerfs real ur supposed ability to pay, but on tle inhabitants of the states told ly the had. and so long as slavery existed, live slaves were to be counted as three free persons. A Federal income tax, laid upon par tle.ar individuals, and not apportioned ttsicng the states according to their re trc live numbers, is completely ex cluded by the Constitution, and tho Su jrrxir.c Court has so decided. It may be suspecied there would be difficulty tow in framing a Constitution so as to Say taxes on the number of the inhab itants, and not on property or business. Tte fathers" would seem not to have thought well of the idea of authorizing the son-taxpayer to vote suoh taxes as fc.o liked upon the owner of property cr t:pon the naan possessing the talent &nd Industry to earn an income. New York is not now so iar behind JDcndon in population, and is very rap Idly reducing- liondon's lead as a center o the fii.anctal operations of the world. As to population, the largest cities of the two hemispheres are thus listed: liCtdon. 4.211,5; New York, 3.-iST.32; 2iris, 2,636,84: BrHa, 1.671,304: Chicago, aCJ,E75; C&aton, l,es,009 estimated); Vienna, 1.864.HS: Tokio. 1,289,941; Phila tclriOa, 3J2S3.9&7; St. Petersburg, 1.2C7,- 023. New York's Jersey suburbs only a rit'er. between contain at least 500, 000 people- As a center of population, within a radius of twenty miles, New York within another half century will probably much exceed London. STILL AT LARGE. Economlc science is Indebted to the' Baltimore American for having dragged , to light an original discussion that otherwise would have slept in oblivion. It reproduces an editorial from the San Francisco Chronicle on "Finance In Great Britain," which illumines with unusual brilliancy the opaqueness of the Chroniclelan intellect, and heaps fresh laurels upon that picturesque in stitution's unerring Inaccuracy. The Chronicle's latest achievement is the announcement that Great Britain was compelled to place her latest war loan in the United States because Lon don couldn't finance it. This financial incapacity of London is traced to the decline of British production, which, in Its turn, is found to result from the mistaken policy of free trade. It is easy to discover in this beauti ful and cogent array of misconceptions the same pellucid mind that so long clung and perhaps even yet clings frantically to and stands heroically by blmetalism at 16 to 1, and has promulgated a solemn warning of the Impending devastation of the United States by the Chinese, perpetually rising in civilization so as to sell us all products more cheaply than we can make them, while simul taneously declining In civilization so as to require less and less in exchange. The menagerie containing gold and sil ver concurrently circulating under free coinage and a great empire selling pro digiously to all mankind, but buying nothing, is fittingly enlarged to receive a brand-new white elephant in the shape of the British Empire, so Im poverished by free trade that It can not take up fts own bonds. This is enough. A three-ringed circus is suffi ciently distracting for all practical pur poses. By way of preface It should be said that the Chronicle has never forgiven fate for the subordination of the tariff to the monejr question. The good old scarecrow had served so long, it seemed madness to have to take up a new one. Add to this the embarrassment of hav ing to support McKinley and 16 to 1 at the same time, even In adjoining col umns, and the hapless situation of the San Francisco institution is apparent In the first place, to come to the topic of the lesson, London was amply able to float the loan, and howled with rage at the Chancellor of the Exchequer be cause he adroitly placed some $30,000,000 of the bonds here Instead of selling them all to the British applicants. This Is the basis in fact, suoh as it is, for the Chronicle's announcement that "the fact that Great "Britain has not been able to float all her war loans in the money markets of her own capital is the first clear evidence that she Is los ing her grip on the commerce of the world." As to the exhaustion of resources, we read: For many years Great Britain has been ex porting coal and iron on a great scale In ad dition to the still greater quantities worked up in her own manufactories. Whllo Eng land could extract power from her own soil at an estremely low rate, she could aftord to buy raw material In foreign lands and work it tip at home at a profit. When she can no longer supply coarso freights to outgoing ships she can no longer get choap return freights on raw materials to bo manufactured. There was a time when, by the sacrifice of her agri culture, she appeared to be able to dominate by ber froe-trade policy the Industrial and com mercial situation of the world. That time has passed. While saving at tho spigot she has been wasting at tho bunghole. It is Impossible that with her impaired resources she can much longer retain the commercial supremacy which by a wise system of protection might have been maintained for a long period. As to the alleged decline In coal ship ments, these are the facts: The exports of coal from the United King dom contlnuo to show a largo Increase, despite tho advance in price, having amounted In June to 4.1G9.724 tons, as compared with 3,001,804 tons in June, 1800, and 2,910,975 tons In Jube, 1S9!. Tho exports to France In June were GSi, 320 tons, as compared with S2S.S09 tons in June, 1899. and 352.038 tons in June. 1S9S; while those to Russia were 523,022 tons, as compared -n lth 598.903 tons and 290,790 tons; those to Germany, 491,004 tons, as compared with 470, 3C8 tons and 437.OC0 tons; and those to Italy 404,310 tons, as compared with 440,230 tens and 340,859 tons respectively. The aggregate exports of coal from the United Kingdom in the six months ending Juno 30, this year, were 22,003.200 tons, as compared with 20,090.030 tons in tho corresponding period of 1S99, and 10,717,793 tons In tho corresponding period of 169S. How shall we answer the inexplicable dogma that her free-trade policy has impoverished England? If a man looked at a white wall and assured ydu It was black, how could you prove him his error? Perhaps the fittest answer, If we may choose an alternative from a celebrated antithetic admonition of the "Wise Man, will be to point-to the aggrandizement Great Britain is by the Chronicle well known to have achieved for Itself through, the infamy which thrust the accursed gold standard upon her -victims In both hemispheres. How can England be impoverished today, if she has succeeded In making all man kind her slaves through her gold-standard conspiracy? Ah, we have It! If you are speaking of the money question, England has her grip on the throat of every people. , But if you have in mind the tariff, then the heel of every pro tection nation is on her neck. No blame attaches to the Chronicle in this matter. But the Baltimore American should not imperil its repu tation by giving such pretended thought circulation. People like to be hum bugged, but they reserve the right to appear Incensed. TIIE KANSAS CITY PROTECTORATE. The solicitous guardianship exercised by this country over the various gov ernments of Pan-America Is a favorite dependence of Bryanic philosophy. We have seen, however, no appreciative ref erence to the chapter of history which supplies that parental care with Its most conspicuous exemplification. The case Is that of Mexico. We have had dealings with Mexico so close and mo mentous that in them, if anywhere, must be discovered the basis of the protectorate it is now proposed to ex tend over Asiatic territory, and the specific forms of generosity and assist ance in which that protectorate may be expected to manifest Itself. At the time the United States had fully established itself in business as one of the great Nations of the globe, Mexico had an existence considerable both In power and extent If we had let her alone, she would have been a rival to our pretensions, far more ma terial than Canada is today. But we protected her out of Texas, then out of California and New Mexico, then by the Gadsden purchase out of everything else in sight, despoiling her of half her territory and reducing her to her pres ent restricted dimensions. This is the way we protect an American republic with which we are thrown into actual contact The Teason why we humbled Mexico Is the identical reason why we required the French to leave Mexico. That is, our own interests. We wanted Texas and California, and we took them. We didn't want France to acquire a "near by, footing on this continent and we warned-her off the premises just as we ordered Spain off two years ago. Mex ico's well-being was no more considered In one case than in the other. The idea that we are sedulously conserving the welfare of Central and South A'merlca out of altruistic impulses does credit to the emotional nature of Bryanism, but hopelessly condemns its head. It is logically untenable and historically untrue. That is to say. Are we to extend the Monroe doctrine to the Eastern Hemi sphere? Here we are compelled to stand continually with a chip on our shoul der. Let a European power approach, and we warn It off. Every time a Brit ish or German citizen is robbed or mur dered between Matamoras and Cape Horn we are compelled to be alarmed lest in the process of redress our hegemony shall be menaced. -The pro posal is to duplicate this sort of thing In Asia. Give the Philippines their in dependence, let them run things there to suit themselves, and then stand around to prevent foreign powers from punishing offenses there against their, citizens or their rights? Nay, verily. If we are going to be responsible for what goes on in the Philippines, we shall hold In our own hands the su preme authority of their administration. SOUTHERN SETTLERS WELCOME. If the people of the sunny South are really anxious to get away from their present surroundings, there is no bet ter place for them than Oregon. Sev eral representatives from scattered sec tions of the South are in Portland now, and will, it is said, look about and re port tq their neighbors for whom they are acting. "We want to get away from the negro," said the members of one party. "We want to get where there is no race conflict, where every body is quiet, and where it is not a crime to vote the Republican ticket." Our visitors are on the right track. There is no race conflict here, no pen alty normally attaches to Republican votes, and we are quiet to a fault. The new colonists, if they come, will not be able to get away from the negro, but they will find him here a very dif ferent being from the Southern darky to whom they are accustomed. Instead of an insolent, lawless, insufferable rowdy, they will find our Oregon col ered man an estimable citizen, an efliclent.worker, and a good fellow. He knows his place, and keeps it He has training for his calling, and, best of all, he has manners. That is one prime reason why the negro gets along so well In Oregon, and it supplies; the real reason why the riots at New York and Akron are so utterly without palliation. Nostalgia is a great discourager of migration, and this Is a complaint from which the Southron In Oregon should be immune. It is as cool here in Sum mer as it is in his foothills, and in the Winter our rainy season will fit his' predilections exactly. He can't raise much cotton, rice, corn or cane sugar in Oregon, but the Georgia watermelon grows as large and sweet here as on its native heath, and there is no place on earth where fruit and garden truck, which have saved the South from the precariousness of one-crop farming, thrive better than they do right here. If the Southern gentlemen want per fect quiet, they should go to Tacoma. In default of that, Portland is next in line. THE NATIONAL GUARD. Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Reade, Inspector-General, United States Army, In a report of his inspection of a regi ment of the Minnesota National Guard, sets forth a defect and a requirement of the militia system of this country which can only be corrected, by differ ent organization and different methods than those which now obtain In the state soldiery. Colonel Reade finds that the National Guardsmen in Min nesota are no better equipped now for real service than they were before the war with Spain. If another conflict should occur, requiring the use of the militia or, a draft upon it, we should find the same confusion that was in evidence among the volunteer troops in the Spanish War. Colonel Reade points out that there exists today in this country the mossbacked 'fiction that the minute men of the Revolution and the volunteers of the Civil War were efficient soldiers "from the word go." The truth is that they were no better prepared than were the volun teers of 1S9S. The ordinary militiamen of the Revolution were practically worthless. Their behavior In tho Caro Hnas under Gates and Greene proved that The men of Bunker Hill, of Ben nington, of King's Mountain, were not ordinary militia. They were no more ordinary militia than the hunters of Tennessee and Kentucky who repulsed the British regulars were ordinary militia; than Roosevelt's Rough Riders were ordinary volunteers. The men of Bunker Hill were com manded by Prescott, Putnam and Stark, old soldiers of the French War, and were composed of farmers who were all marksmen; they were picked men of exceptional moral courage and superior marksmanship. The men of Bennington were men of the same sort while the men of King's Mountain were all mounted riflemen, who fought the British regulars exactly as the Boers fought the British at Majuba Hill teth ering their horses and steadily moving on foot up the mountain until they could draw bead on the enemy. Out side of these picked men, the ordinary militia of the Revolution were worth less. They fled at the first Are. It was not until Baron Steuben had made a decent military machine of the Amer ican forces through Incessant drill and discipline that Washington had a re liable Army. At "Saratoga the Ameri cans were nominally in large numerical superiority, but the battle was fought and won by a few regiments of disci plined troops and the picked rlfiemerr commanded by Morgan, a soldier of the old French War. At the outbreak of the Civil War our volunteers were probably in some re spects les6 fitted for immediate service than the volunteers of the militia of 1S9S. because in the North Atlantic States in 1861 there were fewer men in the thousand who could ride and shoot fairly well than there were in 1S9S. The men of the agricultural South, were by a large majority skilled in the use of the rifle and the revolver, while- the man who could ride or shoot well was an exception in the North Atlantic States. The men of the Middle West where game, large and small, was plenty, were, like the men of the South, accustomed to the use of the rifle, but the men of New England and the Mid dle States were not as" a rule good horsemen or good shots. After the Civil War target-shooting became a matter of popular interest There were international and Interstate rifle con tests. The regular Army gave more at tention to individual skill In the use of the rifle. The introduction of repeat ing sporting rifles and shotguns in creased the number of hunters. Out door sports of all sorts became more popular, so that It is safe to say that in 1S98 there were more men in the thousand at the North who were fa miliar with the use of firearms than there were in 1861. From this point of view, the raw material of 1898 ought to have been better than the raw ma terial of 1861. Nevertheless, the volun teers of 1898 were but poorly prepared for efficient service, had they been given any to perform, because Congress had neglected to furnish them with modern rifles and ammunition, and yet, as things are going now, the volunteers of the next war will be In as little read iness for service. Colonel Reade, In his report, puts bis finger on the reform in the National Guard which is necessary, and which should be accomplished along with the reorganization and increase of the reg ular. Army at tha next session of Con gress, when he says that the first rad ical change in organization and meth ods to be made "should be to unify Na tional Guard methods 4wlth those of the United States Army. A step toward It would be to have Army officers of the present military establishment, includ ing the retired list, detailed to give their entire time and attention to the train ing of state troops in harmony with Army methods," Prombtions to the rank of field officers should be upon the same basis as in the regular estab lishment and the men should subsist after the manner of the soldiers of the Army, in order to fit the National Guardsmen better for the practical work In the field when the time comes for actual service. All these recom mendations are excellent, and are worthy of respect, coming as they do from a veteran graduate of West Point of thirty-three years of Army service. But first of all, Congress should see to it that the value of our State Na tional Guard, as an auxiliary force In case of war, is not utterly nullified by obsolete arms and ammunition, such as they were given in 1898, when out of an Army of over 200,000 men only the 25,000 men of the regular Army were furnished with, modern rifles and am munition. That is, we were not as well armed against Spain as the Boers were armed against Great Britain. If all China once becomes as thor oughly Europeanlzed as to the art of war as heathen Japan has become, China, standing merely on the defen sive, will be able to defy the united power of both Russia and Germany, for she will In time, Ifl she remains an im perial entity, have her seacoast cities fully armed and amply garrisoned, her great rivers patrolled by armed steam ers, and her seas covered with powerful warships, China has only to repeat the policy of Japan and put herself In a state of military defense to defy further territorial encroachment on the part of Europe. Everybody knows that such resist ance as the Americans still encounter in Luzon will collapse on the day when it is known to the insurgents that their champion in the United States has been beaten for the Presidency. Meantime we shall lose some more of our good young men( no doubt All testimony from our people in Luzon is to the ef fect that the Bryan political campaign, in the United States Is the backbone of tho Tagal rebellion. It is certainly reassuring that the re ported design of an anarchist on Bry an's life Is denied. The anarchist who could form the project would be non compos mentis. Any jury would acquit him promptly on the ground of insan ity. The only resource of the prosecu tion would be to prove him unacquaint ed with the Chicago platform. The most recent travelers in China agree that its population has been greatly overestimated. They gravely doubt whether It would be- possible to find 400,000,000 people within the Chinese Empire, and incline to estimate the number at less than 200,000,000 rather than more. The Republican candidate for Gov ernor In Michigan states the Bryan pro gramme thus: "Pull down the flag. Rip the credit of the country up the back. Get a bugaboo and call it Impe rialism. Then stuff the people full of chaff." This is no bad summary. How the Asiatics Resnrd "Ea. London Spectator. The manners of the European always strike the Asiatic plebian. He expects in an equal or superior a kind of smooth ness which few Europeans possess, and which they never display in their Inter course with the colored races whose want of frankness and tendency to be deferen tial, and general foiluro to secure the re sults which Europe desires, slightly Irri tate them. The Asiatic thinks that want of frankness essential to politeness, is al ways reserved unless he Intends to be in solent, and looks upon familiarity, es pecially if there is any difference of grado, as offensive, presuming, and, in a word, rude. Very few Europeans appear to him to bo gentlemen, and those lew only when they aro not familiar. The European's laugh, in especial, is to him as disagreeable as the laugh of tho uncultivated is to the refined European, and European "chaff," persiflage humor, is to him absolutely unendurable. It is, he thinks, the very quintessence of vul garity, and reminds him perpetually that he is being civil or submissive to one who is essentially, when the mask Is off, a barbarian. This feeling, which is universal and incurable, greatly increases his sense of his opponent's stupidity, which again is deepened by his perception that the opponent is fettered in using his Intellect by all manner of non-Intellectual restric tions, is apt for example, to resent a cruel or Immoral suggestion, does not em ploy falsehood when falsehood clearly would be convenient and does not detect falsehood If it is plausible as a quick mltted man should. Long observation has convinced us that the Asiatic who lies to the .European de spises tlie European so much for accept ing the falsehood that he often, out of sheer contempt, makes his falsehood less artistic than he could. Anything, he thinks, will do for a mind so dense as that. He is vexed, too, when his lie is too roughly exposed; vexed, not as an or dinary European is, because he has been detected, but as a. diplomatist Is vexed when, his smooth; arguments are not put aside as smoothly. He ought not to be told that he Is lying, but only to be shown as lightly as may be that the false hood has not succeeded. Any other con duct he classes as the result of ill mannered, not to say brutal stupidity, and despises in his heart as the gentleman despises the scolding of the rough. A. MURDEROUS MESSAGE. Bryan's Enconragcment to Asralnal ' do and Its Fruits. New York Sun. Mr. Bryan has given to Aguinaldo nls solemn pledge that If he is elected he will summon Congress to alienate the American territory in tho Philippines and. to make the Filipinos independent of the authority of our Government while wo continue to be responsible to the world for their deeds or misdeeds. "Keep up your Insurrection yet a little while longer," he says. "Keep on killing our Lawtons. If I am elected President your cause is won." One of the immediate results of Mr. Bryan's message to Aguinaldo is curious, to say the least In consequence of the encouraeement Mr. Bryan, has thus held out to rebels in arms, some of, tho ablest of the supporters of that statesman and we include tho Washington Times in the number are industriously and ingenious ly pleading that the laws for the punish ment of treason do not reach Mr. Bryan's case; that he Is not technically guilty of treason, and could not bo convicted and hanged for his utterance at Indianapolis. Wo are glad to say again that the Sun is not trying to convict Mr. Bryan of treason in the statutory sense. We do not believe that It prosecuted for that high crime ho would he convicted. We do not want to see him convicted; wo are very far from wanting to see him hanged. It is our sincere belief that whoa he Sent his message of hope and patience to the insurgents In Luzon, Mr. Bryan did not understand the full significance of his words, or foresee their possible coat measured in the life blood of Amer ican soldiers now executing the laws un der ordera from tho United States Gov ernment. But Mr. Bryan might Incriminate hlm- 'self technically by overt act of treason a hundred times without incurring one-hundredth part of tho blood-gulltlnoss in which his message to Aguinaldo has per haps already Involved him beyond with drawal or reparation. His accuser Is Henry W. Lawton, who wrote home a few days before hq was elain by an Insurgent: If I am shot dead by a Filipino bullat. It might as well coma from ono of my own mon, because I know from observations, confirmed by captured prisoners, that tho continuance of fighting is chiefly due to reports sent out from America. And what report that ever went out from the Leversons, the Atkinsons, the Winslows and tho Schurzes in America is comparable in murderous potentiality to the report of Bryan's Indianapolis message to Aguinaldo? t Philadelphia Press. Bryan does not ask tho rebels to cease fighting, and they evidently fear that If they should do so they might not be rec ognized to rule the islands, and the United States might not furnish an army and navy to defend them as promised by Bryan. Hence, the Tagals will do their utmost to keep up the fighting, at least until after the election. The blood of every American slain In the Philippines In the last six months or more Is on the head of Boutwell, Schurz and other Bryan men, In the United States: and now Mr. Bryan Is tho chief In that work of encouraging the rebels. Senator Hoar is right in charging Bryan with a useless slaughter of human life in not declaring .that there can be no ne gotiations with the rebels until they have laid down their arms and the Islands are pacified, as in the case of Cuba. If Bryan had said that much there would tie no object In the Tagals keeping up their attacks on the Americans. But as Bryan promises to surrender to th rebels, not waiting for them to stop fighting, of course they keep on killing Americans. Bryan is responsible for this loss of life, because he 1b now the recognized head of tho anti-imperialists. AS SOLDIERS VIEW IT. One in the Philippines Write That Not 100 of tho 03,000 Would Vote for Bryan. New York Sun. SIOUX FALLS, S. D.-Colonel Lee Stover, of the First South Dakota Vol unteer Regiment, who fought through tho war In the Philippines, and is now a candidate to succeed State Senator Franklin Pettlgrew, has received the fol lowing letter from a soldier In the Phil ippines: "Santa Cruz, Laguna, P. I., July 10. Friend Stover: In tonight's Manila paper I read that William J. Bryan has been nominated for President on the Demo cratic ticket Well, the Democrats, 1 suppose, must keep up some sort of showing, but I feel certain of their down fall and defeat and the complete vic tory of the grand old Republican party. "There is one thing certain, that it tho troops over here were allowed to vote you would find less than 100 votes out of tho C5.003 now stationed here In favor of the Demopop party. You will undoubt edly think thl3 is expressing it too strong, but if you were over here you would find the sentiment In favor of holding the Philippines as here stated. The Insurrection has at last been brought to a successful end. All organized armed resistence is something of the past, though there are a few bands of inhu ham fiends (ladrones) still at large, mur dering, burning and robbing wherever they go. If these people call themselves patriots, why don't they quit murdering Innocent people, burning their houses and carrying wealthy Filipinos off to tho mountains holding them for largo ran soms? This Is the kind of warfare the American soldiers have to deal with at the present, but thoy aro assisted by all right-thinking Filipinos. Nearly every insurgent officer has been brought in and with one or two exceptions have taken tho oath and sworn to defend tho flag of the United States. "In a recent capture of General Ricarto there was found among his papers a lot of antl-expanslon papers printed In the United States and translated Into the Tagalog, of which the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the seed of dissatisfaction among the Filipinos was. first spread in tho United States. That this is true the official records of tho War Department will show. "The Volunteers, of course, are anxious to go home, but not before they can be spared. They all know what they are about, and I doubt very much if 1 per cent now in the service would go homo If tjhe opportunity was offered them without first making sure that they could be safely spared from the islands. I feel , sure the regulars, as llttla as I know about them, will always do their duty when called upon. "The most promlaent Filipinos here held several peace meetings and have asked permission to send a delegation to their figurehead, Aguinaldo, and offered him a large sum of money to givo up the so-called resistence so tho country con be "blessed with peace once more. The Philllpines are a very rich country which these people try to better, but the scoun drel Aguinaldo, as he Is now called. Is waiting for another bribe similar to the ono received from Spain in 1S0S. Time only will show If a Krag-Jorgenson bul let will hit the mark and cut short the career of as thorough a scoundrel a& ever was born. "B. B. GJELSTEEN. "Thirty-seventh Infantry." Maine's September Vote. Lewiston (Me.) Journal. In 1S96 the Republican plurality In Maine was 4S.00O against 12.000 four years before. But the Republican gain was only 15,000, while the Democratic loss was 21,000. Comparing 1S95 with 1SSS. the Re publican plurality was 43,000 instead of 18,000. But the gain In the Republican vote was only COCO; the Democratic Toss was 27,000. In other words. 37.C00 Demo crats stayed at home. The Republicans probably can hold "their vote, but If these 27.0CO Democratic stay-at-homes fail f-j stay at home this year, the Republican majority will be so much the smaller, but will show no absolute los3, so far as gen eral party divisions are concerned. Every body knows the normal Republican ma jority In Maine is not over 17,000, if In deed so high as that Tho" extent to which these 27,000 stay-at-home Democrats will participate In the September election, of course, Is uncertain: but It Is certain tho Democrats are making more effort to get out this vote than they made four years ago. Use of Niagara's Power. It Is of interest to loarn that the attempt to uso power from Niagara Falls has proved so successful that a second pit Is being dug in which 11 turbines will be placed, generating 55,000 horse-power. The present supply produces 0,000. The power fronv the Niagara is secured by conduct ing water from the high level of the up per river, to a deep 3haft down which It plunges on a set of turbine wheels. The turbines transmit their power into elec tricity and It is thus distributed to a dis tance. The new pit will be 463 feet long and 180 feet deep, while the excavation will necessitate the removal of 81.000 cublo yards of rock. With the completion of the now pit which Is well under way. the com pany will have more than 100,000 horse power for distribution In the shape of electricity, In the vicinity of Buffalo. This Is Not Bryan Doctrine. New York World, Dem. Edward M. Shepard, quoting from Abram S. Hewitt sets forth a. great fun damental truth when he says that "the security of property is an Integral and sacred part of personal liberty." It Is also one of the blessings of good govern ment. The right to labor for whom one will, to receive full value for that labor and under the protection of the law to keep its fruits esontially to tho free man and to him alone. Thrift was the lesson of the youth of the Republic The fathers taught and practiced it The man who has Is pre sumably a better man than ho who has not. "It Is hard," said Benjamin Frank lin, "for an empty sack to stand up right" Couldn't Follow Webster. Omaha Bee. Whenever Daniel Wehster had a great oratorical effort to malco, he always used a stimulant, and on one occasion this habit of his led to a funny Incident. He was speaking on the compromise meas ure In 1850, and at Intervals helped him self from a small Ice-water pitcher. When ho had finished. Senator Walker, of Iowa, got up to reply, and, reaching over to Webster's desk, took a portion of the con tents of the pitcher and attempted to drink It, supposing It to be water. In truth, however, it was gin, and the hon orable gentleman nearly had a fit vio lently sputtering and choking. Hino Illae Lachrymae. Louisville Courier-Journal. Down In Tennessee the Supreme Court has overruled an effort to have a ver dict set aside on the ground of undue In fluence on the Jury through the tears of the counsel. "Tears," said Justice .Wilkes, In delivering tho opinion of the court, "have always been considered legitimate arguments before the Jury, and we know of no power or jurisdiction In the trial Judge to check them. Indeed. If counsel have tears at command. It may be seriously questioned whether It is not his professional duty to shed them when ever proper occasion arises." Straight Democratic Tnllc. Nashville Banner, Dem. Everybody Is down on trusts. Both par ties aro pronounced against them, and the Republicans in Congress presented a measure designed for their destruction, which accorded with Mr. Bryan's advice, but which the Democrats defeated, In the struggle among the Democratic fac tions and fusions to make paramount the Issue that best suits a campaign expe diency policy, those who talk tariff or trusts are doomed to disappointment Mr. Bryan himself Is the paramount Issue, and Bryan stands for IS to 1 and llttla America. i American Interests In China. . Los Angeles Times. An American merchant in Hong Kong supplies the China coast with masts, spars and other timber. His name and property appear In the English records, but he and his business nevertheless are American. At least 10 houses in Hawaii do a remuneratlvr business with China, both exporting and importing. The Amer ican Trading Company, which usually Is regarded as a Japanese house, has Its agencies In China and does a largo busi ness with that land. Great Electioneering- Scheme. New York Mall and Express. Newly charged phonograph cylinders are now on tho market with tho "Behold a republic" passage from Bryan's Indian apolis speech neatly sandwiched between a ragtime song and the pathetic recita tion entitled "The Night Before Larry Was Stretched." .i PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS "A man can't back down do ladder o' suc cess, roun by roun', de same way he climbed." paid Uncle Eben. "Ef his foot slips, he gen eriy goes de whole trip, ker-smash." Wash ington Star. An Ail-Around Success. "That man eays his merry-go-round is one ot the finest in this country." "Te3; I heard him bragging that hl3 patrons move In the test circles." Phila delphia Evening Bulletin. Tho Stern Parent. "But why not, popper?" pleaded the beautiful maiden. "I," said the red-necked and brutal father, "am not putting my trust shares in Princes. Not this year, Or any other old year." Indianapolis Press. He Gets It Regularly. Kind -Stranger Jly little man. do you not get dreadfully tanned in the Summer? Little Johnny Naw. Paw licks me In Summer; but de teacher tans me every day In de Winter. Baltimore American. "Did Mary have a pleasant week in New York?" "Oh. yes. But It waa a llttla excit ing at times." "How was that? Was she buncood?" "Oh, dear no! But a squad of Eighth-avenue policeman chased her several blocks and only clubbed her over tho head once and then her hair saved her." Cleveland Plain Dealer. Pressure. "The Americans." observed the Grand Vizier, "aro pressing their claims aealn!" . "Isn't it funny," exclaimed His Jtajesty, the Sultan, "that with all their bsing pressed so much, these claims aon't get any smaller!" Forthwith the proper functionary cf tho Imperial household promulgated an Irade. or decree, calling for general laughter through out the empire. Detroit Journal. Onward and Upward. "I think I'll run around to Jake's barber shop and get shayed." said the returned traveler. "There's no bar ber ehop there, now; Jake's become very pros perous since you left." "Moved, has her "No, but ho transformed the shop into a 'shavlug parlor,' and then a 'tonsorlal studio,' and now it's tho 'capillary art atelier (lnc),r of which fce's president." Philadelphia. Press. S0TE AND COMMEOTi , - , Greek and Roman doors Invariably open,? outward; a person passing out of the house Is. therefore, obliged to knock on the door before opening It to avoid a collision with a passer-byv A country paper has this personal Item: "Those who knew old Mr. Wilson, of this place, personally, will regret to hear that he was assaulted in a. brutal manner last, week, but was not killed." The German Emperor has commissioned a German, manufacturer to .make for him. three electric cars of different shape and design. In one of which ho Intends ta travel to the Summer maneuvers la Saxony. Rider Haggard, the author. In a recent public address delivered in London, said that athletic training is a most deslrabla preparation In the life of a missionary,, because nothing In a missionary Impresses the savage so much as to find himself equaled or surpassed In strength and agility by the stranger. Frederick Macraonnlea, the Brooklyn. sculptor, will be awarded the gold medal of honor for his exhibit at the Paris ex position, which consists of seven plecoi tho historic "Bacchante." "Sir Henry Vane," "Shakespeare," "Venu3 and Adonis," two groups of horses and a marine and- an. army group. The City of New York Is easily the sec ond big town In the world, with its pop ulation given by the census of 1900 u"a. 3.437.C02. The old city, now comprised In tho Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, contains 2,060.000 people, while Brooklyn, with the two minor Boroughs of Rich mond and Queens, havq l,3S5.C0a more. London must havo now about 6,000,000 at least, but Paris ha3 dropped far be hind. Sir Power Palmer, acting Commander-in-Chief of the army In India, In a cir cular letter to his four division command ers practically admits that the British, would have been crushed It the Boers had equaled them In numbers. Sir Power Palmer thinks that tho chief lessons to be drawn from the South African War ara tho necessity of open formation and more thorough scouting. The General Is also a thorough convert to the Importance of Individual marksmanship and Independent firing, as opposed to the volley firing. Captain Sraedley D. Butler, United States Marino Corps, who was wounded at Tien Tsln. Is but 19 years old. He waa a Second Lieutenant of the Marine Corps, "appointed for temporary service," dur. ing the Spanish War: he was appointed permanently on April S 1S99, and promoted tho same day to Flret Lieutenant Ha commanded the marine guard on tho Newark, and made a name for himself In tho Philippines fighting guerrillas. On June 14 he was sent ashore with the ma rines at Taku, and was promoted Cap tain a few days after he fell with a bul let in his thigh in front of Tien Tsln. Ho is the youngest officer of his rank la tho Navy. The Rev. Mr. Alcott, of Elgin. III., who knew Lincoln In Springfield, tells of see ing him coming away from church un usually early one Sunday morning. "The sermon could not have been more than half through." says Mr. Alcott '"His son 'Tad was slung across his left arm like a pair of saddle-bag3, and Lincoln waa striding along with long and deliberate steps toward his home. On one of tho street corners he encountered a group of his fellow-townsmen. Lincoln anticipated the question which was about to be put by the group, and. taking his figure oi speech from practices with which they were only too familiar, said: 'Gentle men, I entered this colt, but he kicked around so I had to withdraw him. " MEN AND WOMEN. Mrs. Mary Teardloy. 710 West Monroe street Chicago, was told by the doctors sho would dla young. She is now 103 years old. Slon R. Bostick. tha man who captured Santa Ana, is still alive. He lives In San Saba. Tex., and. though 81 yeara old. Is healthy and hardy and a3 straight as an arrow. Christian DeWet. the famous leader of tha Boers, according to tha St. James's Gazette, was a wrangler at Cambridge, and Is said to havo gained golden opinions from all during his 'varsity career. Tho will of tha late John Mason Loomls, of Chicago, provides almost SI.00O.000 for tho founding of a free school at Windsor. Cenn.. where the American founder of the Loomls family lived in 1039. Second Assistant Secretary of State Alva A. Adee was born a deaf mute, learned the us, of the orran of speeeh by artificial methods, and mastered the art of lip-reading. Later In Ufa ho camo to hoar partially. The Kev. tV. H. Murray, a missionary la Pekln, and ono of the men whose fata la 3'et uncertain, became Interested In the condition of the blind In China some years ago, and to help them devised a system of representing tho sounds of the Chinese language by raUet dots. It has been found that by this means a blind Chinaman can learn to read in thrcs month, much less than one who can see and usoa the ordinary alphabet, as there aro only 480 sounds In Chinese, while of written char acters there are more than 40QO. From North Carolina. Indianapolis News. "Weil give sltty thousand fo? Bryan, and Just as muoh more as you please'. Votes for tho free-stiver howler shall be thlcS as tho leaves on tha trees. And not a "nigger's" among 'ern! For nlggera ain't men. you must know! So we cheat 'em. and rule 'em. and kill rmt Consent of the governed? Ah. no! TVe have heard of tho great Declaration. Ben Tillman ho read It with power. At the Bryan cpnventlon. and Bryan can spout its great words by the hour. It fits Aguinaldo exactly, and the men now as sailing the flag But our nlggera? Not much! When she sees them great Liberty gce3 on a Jag! Bryan says for havo we not heard him? that no man In tho whole world Is at To govern another as Ienr as that other has shadow of power to say "nit." Which is rot for we govern our niggers, and. please God. we will ne'er ask their leave! But we'll givo sixty thousand for Bryan a magnificent end to achieve! Wo know when ho talks that he's thinking not of us. but the far Philippines; That when he howls loudest lor frecdom-aad loudly he does howl' he means Not the nlggei? who've died, that Old Olory might float o'er American soli. Bat the men who have killed those samo nig gers beforo they completed their toll! Independence? Ah. yes. It U? fine for ourselves and for thosa far away! Consent of the governed? Why. sure. If our selves and Bill Bryan bear sway! Filipinos. Porto P.loans. and Cubans. Hawail ans, and Guam's native folk. All must bo free and self-governed, but tn nigger must bear his oW yoke! Ausnst. Elizabeth Gallup Perkins. In Harper's Bazar. Because of thee, the tender growths of Sarins Had courage to endure the April rains; In hope of thee they, patient, bore tho pains Of chill and drought that they at last might bring Into thy presence, when thou aheuldst appear. Tho beauty of a nature fully grown. The glory of a beauty fully blown. And win thy smile, O queen of all tho year! And we of human mold have caoght thte truth From thee, dear August for development And not fulfillment wa3 our Spring: the rose Of June-time only marked the end of youth. Thy late perfection hath mada evident That life ia richest as It nears its close.