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IOH.TT,AD, .MOXDAY, ABGrST 27.
JTHE "DIRECT TAXES" OF THE CON
STITUTION. The makers of the Constitution of the
fnlfd States did not want any such
tax as an Income tax. Hence they took
2alr.s to exclude It Such tax would be
a direct tax; and they were especially
Insistent on the doctrine that direct
Jtaxes, If levied, should be apportioned
among the states according to the num
ber of their Inhabitants.
There was an Income tax. Indeed,
Murine the great Civil War; but the
question as to Its Constltutjonality
Sievcr was directly adjudicated. No
doubt It would have been, bad It con
tinued; but soon after the close of the
WW- the tax was repealed. It was
rarked among extraordinary war meas
ures, and was not so resisted as to
bring it directly before the Supreme
Csurt for adjudication.
An income tax might be a proper
way of raising National revenue now,
but the makers of the Constitution were
very averse to giving power to Con
gress to levy any kind of direct tax.
This subject is examined in the latest
r.umber of the Political Science Quar
terly by Professor C. J. Bullock, who
sets forth clearly and In detail the rea
sons why the makers of the Constitu
tion put in the clause which declares
that direct taxes shall be apportioned
among the several states according to
their respective numbers.
It was Intimately connected with set
tlement of the basis of representation
in Congrers. First, there was a con
troversy between the smaller and
larger states, and, second, a contention
whether the states were to be entitled
to representation for their slaves, and
In what ratio. The discussions of , the
eubject more and more Jafej fei' the
Question of slavery to the front, and
turned therefore on the opposing in
terests of the Northern and Southern
States. As the Southern States insisted
en representation for slaves, the North
ern States met them by the demand
that taxation should be In proportion
to representation. Obviously, this de
mand was Intended to make the South
less desirous of securing representation
lor its slaves, since its share of the
y.ublic burdens would be increased pro
JjKlonally. The various steps of the compromise
that followed are brought on In Pro
fessor Bullock's paper. First, the con
vention voted that representation
ehould be proportioned to direct taxa
tion, and that direct taxation should
la divided among the states In propor
tion to population; and for ascertain
ment of the population all the free In
habitants and tliree-llfths of the slaves
should be counted though the motion
was purposely so worded as to avoid
the actual mention of slaves.
In the first draft of the Constitution
these i 'revisions were in separate ar-t-es.
Thi next step taken in the pro
cess of revision brought them together,
in section 2, article 1, in this final form,
v.r.: 'Representatives and direct taxes
thall be apportioned among the several
Biutrs according to their respective
numbers, which shall be determined
ly a Iding to the whole number of
free persons, including those bound to
ecnk'-1 f-T a term of years, and ex
cluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths
of all otaer pwsons." Supplementary
to this. In section 9, the following clause
was inserted, vis: "'No capitation or
other direct tax shall be laid, unless in
Xrcportion to the census of enumera
tion hereinbefore directed to be taken."
It is . lear from all this that the i ram
ws of the Constitution Intended to shut
out all direct taxes except such as
anight be based on population or num
ber of inhabitants; and to put the mat
ter beyond cavil, the enumeration re
quired for ascertainment of the basis
x.t representation was to be adopted for
KhB apportionment of. direct taxes, if
such should be laid. No direct tax was
to be laid on property, or on the citl
rerfs real ur supposed ability to pay,
but on tle inhabitants of the states told
ly the had. and so long as slavery
existed, live slaves were to be counted
as three free persons.
A Federal income tax, laid upon par
tle.ar individuals, and not apportioned
ttsicng the states according to their re
trc live numbers, is completely ex
cluded by the Constitution, and tho Su
jrrxir.c Court has so decided. It may
be suspecied there would be difficulty
tow in framing a Constitution so as to
Say taxes on the number of the inhab
itants, and not on property or business.
Tte fathers" would seem not to have
thought well of the idea of authorizing
the son-taxpayer to vote suoh taxes as
fc.o liked upon the owner of property
cr t:pon the naan possessing the talent
&nd Industry to earn an income.
New York is not now so iar behind
JDcndon in population, and is very rap
Idly reducing- liondon's lead as a center
o the fii.anctal operations of the world.
As to population, the largest cities of
the two hemispheres are thus listed:
liCtdon. 4.211,5; New York, 3.-iST.32;
2iris, 2,636,84: BrHa, 1.671,304: Chicago,
aCJ,E75; C&aton, l,es,009 estimated);
Vienna, 1.864.HS: Tokio. 1,289,941; Phila
tclriOa, 3J2S3.9&7; St. Petersburg, 1.2C7,-
023. New York's Jersey suburbs only
a rit'er. between contain at least 500,
000 people- As a center of population,
within a radius of twenty miles, New
York within another half century will
probably much exceed London.
STILL AT LARGE.
Economlc science is Indebted to the'
Baltimore American for having dragged ,
to light an original discussion that
otherwise would have slept in oblivion.
It reproduces an editorial from the San
Francisco Chronicle on "Finance In
Great Britain," which illumines with
unusual brilliancy the opaqueness of
the Chroniclelan intellect, and heaps
fresh laurels upon that picturesque in
stitution's unerring Inaccuracy.
The Chronicle's latest achievement is
the announcement that Great Britain
was compelled to place her latest war
loan in the United States because Lon
don couldn't finance it. This financial
incapacity of London is traced to the
decline of British production, which, in
Its turn, is found to result from the
mistaken policy of free trade.
It is easy to discover in this beauti
ful and cogent array of misconceptions
the same pellucid mind that so long clung
and perhaps even yet clings frantically
to and stands heroically by blmetalism
at 16 to 1, and has promulgated a solemn
warning of the Impending devastation
of the United States by the Chinese,
perpetually rising in civilization so as
to sell us all products more cheaply
than we can make them, while simul
taneously declining In civilization so as
to require less and less in exchange.
The menagerie containing gold and sil
ver concurrently circulating under free
coinage and a great empire selling pro
digiously to all mankind, but buying
nothing, is fittingly enlarged to receive
a brand-new white elephant in the
shape of the British Empire, so Im
poverished by free trade that It can
not take up fts own bonds. This is
enough. A three-ringed circus is suffi
ciently distracting for all practical pur
poses. By way of preface It should be said
that the Chronicle has never forgiven
fate for the subordination of the tariff
to the monejr question. The good old
scarecrow had served so long, it seemed
madness to have to take up a new one.
Add to this the embarrassment of hav
ing to support McKinley and 16 to 1 at
the same time, even In adjoining col
umns, and the hapless situation of the
San Francisco institution is apparent
In the first place, to come to the topic
of the lesson, London was amply able
to float the loan, and howled with rage
at the Chancellor of the Exchequer be
cause he adroitly placed some $30,000,000
of the bonds here Instead of selling
them all to the British applicants. This
Is the basis in fact, suoh as it is, for
the Chronicle's announcement that "the
fact that Great "Britain has not been
able to float all her war loans in the
money markets of her own capital is
the first clear evidence that she Is los
ing her grip on the commerce of the
world."
As to the exhaustion of resources, we
read:
For many years Great Britain has been ex
porting coal and iron on a great scale In ad
dition to the still greater quantities worked
up in her own manufactories. Whllo Eng
land could extract power from her own soil
at an estremely low rate, she could aftord to
buy raw material In foreign lands and work
it tip at home at a profit. When she can no
longer supply coarso freights to outgoing ships
she can no longer get choap return freights on
raw materials to bo manufactured. There
was a time when, by the sacrifice of her agri
culture, she appeared to be able to dominate
by ber froe-trade policy the Industrial and com
mercial situation of the world. That time has
passed. While saving at tho spigot she has
been wasting at tho bunghole. It is Impossible
that with her impaired resources she can much
longer retain the commercial supremacy which
by a wise system of protection might have
been maintained for a long period.
As to the alleged decline In coal ship
ments, these are the facts:
The exports of coal from the United King
dom contlnuo to show a largo Increase, despite
tho advance in price, having amounted In June
to 4.1G9.724 tons, as compared with 3,001,804
tons in June, 1800, and 2,910,975 tons In Jube,
1S9!. Tho exports to France In June were GSi,
320 tons, as compared with S2S.S09 tons in
June, 1899. and 352.038 tons in June. 1S9S; while
those to Russia were 523,022 tons, as compared
-n lth 598.903 tons and 290,790 tons; those to
Germany, 491,004 tons, as compared with 470,
3C8 tons and 437.OC0 tons; and those to Italy
404,310 tons, as compared with 440,230 tens
and 340,859 tons respectively. The aggregate
exports of coal from the United Kingdom in
the six months ending Juno 30, this year, were
22,003.200 tons, as compared with 20,090.030
tons in tho corresponding period of 1S99, and
10,717,793 tons In tho corresponding period of
169S.
How shall we answer the inexplicable
dogma that her free-trade policy has
impoverished England? If a man
looked at a white wall and assured ydu
It was black, how could you prove him
his error? Perhaps the fittest answer,
If we may choose an alternative from
a celebrated antithetic admonition of
the "Wise Man, will be to point-to the
aggrandizement Great Britain is by the
Chronicle well known to have achieved
for Itself through, the infamy which
thrust the accursed gold standard upon
her -victims In both hemispheres. How
can England be impoverished today, if
she has succeeded In making all man
kind her slaves through her gold-standard
conspiracy? Ah, we have It! If
you are speaking of the money question,
England has her grip on the throat of
every people. , But if you have in mind
the tariff, then the heel of every pro
tection nation is on her neck.
No blame attaches to the Chronicle
in this matter. But the Baltimore
American should not imperil its repu
tation by giving such pretended thought
circulation. People like to be hum
bugged, but they reserve the right to
appear Incensed.
TIIE KANSAS CITY PROTECTORATE.
The solicitous guardianship exercised
by this country over the various gov
ernments of Pan-America Is a favorite
dependence of Bryanic philosophy. We
have seen, however, no appreciative ref
erence to the chapter of history which
supplies that parental care with Its
most conspicuous exemplification. The
case Is that of Mexico. We have had
dealings with Mexico so close and mo
mentous that in them, if anywhere,
must be discovered the basis of the
protectorate it is now proposed to ex
tend over Asiatic territory, and the
specific forms of generosity and assist
ance in which that protectorate may
be expected to manifest Itself.
At the time the United States had
fully established itself in business as
one of the great Nations of the globe,
Mexico had an existence considerable
both In power and extent If we had
let her alone, she would have been a
rival to our pretensions, far more ma
terial than Canada is today. But we
protected her out of Texas, then out
of California and New Mexico, then by
the Gadsden purchase out of everything
else in sight, despoiling her of half her
territory and reducing her to her pres
ent restricted dimensions. This is the
way we protect an American republic
with which we are thrown into actual
contact
The Teason why we humbled Mexico
Is the identical reason why we required
the French to leave Mexico. That is,
our own interests. We wanted Texas
and California, and we took them. We
didn't want France to acquire a "near
by, footing on this continent and we
warned-her off the premises just as we
ordered Spain off two years ago. Mex
ico's well-being was no more considered
In one case than in the other. The idea
that we are sedulously conserving the
welfare of Central and South A'merlca
out of altruistic impulses does credit
to the emotional nature of Bryanism,
but hopelessly condemns its head. It
is logically untenable and historically
untrue.
That is to say. Are we to extend the
Monroe doctrine to the Eastern Hemi
sphere? Here we are compelled to stand
continually with a chip on our shoul
der. Let a European power approach,
and we warn It off. Every time a Brit
ish or German citizen is robbed or mur
dered between Matamoras and Cape
Horn we are compelled to be alarmed
lest in the process of redress our
hegemony shall be menaced. -The pro
posal is to duplicate this sort of thing
In Asia. Give the Philippines their in
dependence, let them run things there
to suit themselves, and then stand
around to prevent foreign powers from
punishing offenses there against their,
citizens or their rights? Nay, verily.
If we are going to be responsible for
what goes on in the Philippines, we
shall hold In our own hands the su
preme authority of their administration.
SOUTHERN SETTLERS WELCOME.
If the people of the sunny South are
really anxious to get away from their
present surroundings, there is no bet
ter place for them than Oregon. Sev
eral representatives from scattered sec
tions of the South are in Portland now,
and will, it is said, look about and re
port tq their neighbors for whom they
are acting. "We want to get away
from the negro," said the members of
one party. "We want to get where
there is no race conflict, where every
body is quiet, and where it is not a
crime to vote the Republican ticket."
Our visitors are on the right track.
There is no race conflict here, no pen
alty normally attaches to Republican
votes, and we are quiet to a fault.
The new colonists, if they come, will
not be able to get away from the negro,
but they will find him here a very dif
ferent being from the Southern darky
to whom they are accustomed. Instead
of an insolent, lawless, insufferable
rowdy, they will find our Oregon col
ered man an estimable citizen, an
efliclent.worker, and a good fellow. He
knows his place, and keeps it He has
training for his calling, and, best of all,
he has manners. That is one prime
reason why the negro gets along so
well In Oregon, and it supplies; the real
reason why the riots at New York and
Akron are so utterly without palliation.
Nostalgia is a great discourager of
migration, and this Is a complaint from
which the Southron In Oregon should
be immune. It is as cool here in Sum
mer as it is in his foothills, and in the
Winter our rainy season will fit his'
predilections exactly. He can't raise
much cotton, rice, corn or cane sugar
in Oregon, but the Georgia watermelon
grows as large and sweet here as on its
native heath, and there is no place on
earth where fruit and garden truck,
which have saved the South from the
precariousness of one-crop farming,
thrive better than they do right here.
If the Southern gentlemen want per
fect quiet, they should go to Tacoma.
In default of that, Portland is next in
line.
THE NATIONAL GUARD.
Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Reade, Inspector-General,
United States Army,
In a report of his inspection of a regi
ment of the Minnesota National Guard,
sets forth a defect and a requirement
of the militia system of this country
which can only be corrected, by differ
ent organization and different methods
than those which now obtain In the
state soldiery. Colonel Reade finds
that the National Guardsmen in Min
nesota are no better equipped now for
real service than they were before the
war with Spain. If another conflict
should occur, requiring the use of the
militia or, a draft upon it, we should
find the same confusion that was in
evidence among the volunteer troops
in the Spanish War. Colonel Reade
points out that there exists today in
this country the mossbacked 'fiction
that the minute men of the Revolution
and the volunteers of the Civil War
were efficient soldiers "from the word
go." The truth is that they were no
better prepared than were the volun
teers of 1S9S. The ordinary militiamen
of the Revolution were practically
worthless. Their behavior In tho Caro
Hnas under Gates and Greene proved
that The men of Bunker Hill, of Ben
nington, of King's Mountain, were not
ordinary militia. They were no more
ordinary militia than the hunters of
Tennessee and Kentucky who repulsed
the British regulars were ordinary
militia; than Roosevelt's Rough Riders
were ordinary volunteers.
The men of Bunker Hill were com
manded by Prescott, Putnam and
Stark, old soldiers of the French War,
and were composed of farmers who
were all marksmen; they were picked
men of exceptional moral courage and
superior marksmanship. The men of
Bennington were men of the same sort
while the men of King's Mountain were
all mounted riflemen, who fought the
British regulars exactly as the Boers
fought the British at Majuba Hill teth
ering their horses and steadily moving
on foot up the mountain until they
could draw bead on the enemy. Out
side of these picked men, the ordinary
militia of the Revolution were worth
less. They fled at the first Are. It was
not until Baron Steuben had made a
decent military machine of the Amer
ican forces through Incessant drill and
discipline that Washington had a re
liable Army. At "Saratoga the Ameri
cans were nominally in large numerical
superiority, but the battle was fought
and won by a few regiments of disci
plined troops and the picked rlfiemerr
commanded by Morgan, a soldier of the
old French War.
At the outbreak of the Civil War our
volunteers were probably in some re
spects les6 fitted for immediate service
than the volunteers of the militia of
1S9S. because in the North Atlantic
States in 1861 there were fewer men in
the thousand who could ride and shoot
fairly well than there were in 1S9S.
The men of the agricultural South, were
by a large majority skilled in the use
of the rifle and the revolver, while- the
man who could ride or shoot well was
an exception in the North Atlantic
States. The men of the Middle West
where game, large and small, was
plenty, were, like the men of the South,
accustomed to the use of the rifle, but
the men of New England and the Mid
dle States were not as" a rule good
horsemen or good shots. After the
Civil War target-shooting became a
matter of popular interest There were
international and Interstate rifle con
tests. The regular Army gave more at
tention to individual skill In the use of
the rifle. The introduction of repeat
ing sporting rifles and shotguns in
creased the number of hunters. Out
door sports of all sorts became more
popular, so that It is safe to say that
in 1S98 there were more men in the
thousand at the North who were fa
miliar with the use of firearms than
there were in 1861. From this point of
view, the raw material of 1898 ought
to have been better than the raw ma
terial of 1861. Nevertheless, the volun
teers of 1898 were but poorly prepared
for efficient service, had they been given
any to perform, because Congress had
neglected to furnish them with modern
rifles and ammunition, and yet, as
things are going now, the volunteers
of the next war will be In as little read
iness for service.
Colonel Reade, In his report, puts bis
finger on the reform in the National
Guard which is necessary, and which
should be accomplished along with the
reorganization and increase of the reg
ular. Army at tha next session of Con
gress, when he says that the first rad
ical change in organization and meth
ods to be made "should be to unify Na
tional Guard methods 4wlth those of the
United States Army. A step toward It
would be to have Army officers of the
present military establishment, includ
ing the retired list, detailed to give their
entire time and attention to the train
ing of state troops in harmony with
Army methods," Prombtions to the
rank of field officers should be upon
the same basis as in the regular estab
lishment and the men should subsist
after the manner of the soldiers of the
Army, in order to fit the National
Guardsmen better for the practical
work In the field when the time comes
for actual service. All these recom
mendations are excellent, and are
worthy of respect, coming as they do
from a veteran graduate of West Point
of thirty-three years of Army service.
But first of all, Congress should see
to it that the value of our State Na
tional Guard, as an auxiliary force In
case of war, is not utterly nullified by
obsolete arms and ammunition, such
as they were given in 1898, when out
of an Army of over 200,000 men only
the 25,000 men of the regular Army were
furnished with, modern rifles and am
munition. That is, we were not as well
armed against Spain as the Boers were
armed against Great Britain.
If all China once becomes as thor
oughly Europeanlzed as to the art of
war as heathen Japan has become,
China, standing merely on the defen
sive, will be able to defy the united
power of both Russia and Germany, for
she will In time, Ifl she remains an im
perial entity, have her seacoast cities
fully armed and amply garrisoned, her
great rivers patrolled by armed steam
ers, and her seas covered with powerful
warships, China has only to repeat the
policy of Japan and put herself In a
state of military defense to defy further
territorial encroachment on the part of
Europe.
Everybody knows that such resist
ance as the Americans still encounter
in Luzon will collapse on the day when
it is known to the insurgents that their
champion in the United States has been
beaten for the Presidency. Meantime
we shall lose some more of our good
young men( no doubt All testimony
from our people in Luzon is to the ef
fect that the Bryan political campaign,
in the United States Is the backbone
of tho Tagal rebellion.
It is certainly reassuring that the re
ported design of an anarchist on Bry
an's life Is denied. The anarchist who
could form the project would be non
compos mentis. Any jury would acquit
him promptly on the ground of insan
ity. The only resource of the prosecu
tion would be to prove him unacquaint
ed with the Chicago platform.
The most recent travelers in China
agree that its population has been
greatly overestimated. They gravely
doubt whether It would be- possible to
find 400,000,000 people within the Chinese
Empire, and incline to estimate the
number at less than 200,000,000 rather
than more.
The Republican candidate for Gov
ernor In Michigan states the Bryan pro
gramme thus: "Pull down the flag.
Rip the credit of the country up the
back. Get a bugaboo and call it Impe
rialism. Then stuff the people full of
chaff." This is no bad summary.
How the Asiatics Resnrd "Ea.
London Spectator.
The manners of the European always
strike the Asiatic plebian. He expects
in an equal or superior a kind of smooth
ness which few Europeans possess, and
which they never display in their Inter
course with the colored races whose want
of frankness and tendency to be deferen
tial, and general foiluro to secure the re
sults which Europe desires, slightly Irri
tate them. The Asiatic thinks that want
of frankness essential to politeness, is al
ways reserved unless he Intends to be in
solent, and looks upon familiarity, es
pecially if there is any difference of grado,
as offensive, presuming, and, in a word,
rude. Very few Europeans appear to
him to bo gentlemen, and those lew only
when they aro not familiar.
The European's laugh, in especial, is to
him as disagreeable as the laugh of tho
uncultivated is to the refined European,
and European "chaff," persiflage humor,
is to him absolutely unendurable. It is,
he thinks, the very quintessence of vul
garity, and reminds him perpetually that
he is being civil or submissive to one who
is essentially, when the mask Is off, a
barbarian. This feeling, which is universal
and incurable, greatly increases his sense
of his opponent's stupidity, which again
is deepened by his perception that the
opponent is fettered in using his Intellect
by all manner of non-Intellectual restric
tions, is apt for example, to resent a
cruel or Immoral suggestion, does not em
ploy falsehood when falsehood clearly
would be convenient and does not detect
falsehood If it is plausible as a quick
mltted man should.
Long observation has convinced us that
the Asiatic who lies to the .European de
spises tlie European so much for accept
ing the falsehood that he often, out of
sheer contempt, makes his falsehood less
artistic than he could. Anything, he
thinks, will do for a mind so dense as
that. He is vexed, too, when his lie is
too roughly exposed; vexed, not as an or
dinary European is, because he has been
detected, but as a. diplomatist Is vexed
when, his smooth; arguments are not put
aside as smoothly. He ought not to be
told that he Is lying, but only to be
shown as lightly as may be that the false
hood has not succeeded. Any other con
duct he classes as the result of ill
mannered, not to say brutal stupidity, and
despises in his heart as the gentleman
despises the scolding of the rough.
A. MURDEROUS MESSAGE.
Bryan's Enconragcment to Asralnal
' do and Its Fruits.
New York Sun.
Mr. Bryan has given to Aguinaldo nls
solemn pledge that If he is elected he
will summon Congress to alienate the
American territory in tho Philippines and.
to make the Filipinos independent of the
authority of our Government while wo
continue to be responsible to the world
for their deeds or misdeeds.
"Keep up your Insurrection yet a little
while longer," he says. "Keep on killing
our Lawtons. If I am elected President
your cause is won."
One of the immediate results of Mr.
Bryan's message to Aguinaldo is curious,
to say the least In consequence of the
encouraeement Mr. Bryan, has thus held
out to rebels in arms, some of, tho ablest
of the supporters of that statesman and
we include tho Washington Times in the
number are industriously and ingenious
ly pleading that the laws for the punish
ment of treason do not reach Mr. Bryan's
case; that he Is not technically guilty of
treason, and could not bo convicted and
hanged for his utterance at Indianapolis.
Wo are glad to say again that the Sun
is not trying to convict Mr. Bryan of
treason in the statutory sense. We do
not believe that It prosecuted for that
high crime ho would he convicted. We
do not want to see him convicted; wo are
very far from wanting to see him hanged.
It is our sincere belief that whoa he
Sent his message of hope and patience
to the insurgents In Luzon, Mr. Bryan
did not understand the full significance
of his words, or foresee their possible
coat measured in the life blood of Amer
ican soldiers now executing the laws un
der ordera from tho United States Gov
ernment. But Mr. Bryan might Incriminate hlm-
'self technically by overt act of treason a
hundred times without incurring one-hundredth
part of tho blood-gulltlnoss in
which his message to Aguinaldo has per
haps already Involved him beyond with
drawal or reparation.
His accuser Is Henry W. Lawton, who
wrote home a few days before hq was
elain by an Insurgent:
If I am shot dead by a Filipino bullat. It
might as well coma from ono of my own mon,
because I know from observations, confirmed
by captured prisoners, that tho continuance
of fighting is chiefly due to reports sent out
from America.
And what report that ever went out
from the Leversons, the Atkinsons, the
Winslows and tho Schurzes in America
is comparable in murderous potentiality
to the report of Bryan's Indianapolis
message to Aguinaldo?
t
Philadelphia Press.
Bryan does not ask tho rebels to cease
fighting, and they evidently fear that If
they should do so they might not be rec
ognized to rule the islands, and the
United States might not furnish an army
and navy to defend them as promised by
Bryan. Hence, the Tagals will do their
utmost to keep up the fighting, at least
until after the election.
The blood of every American slain In
the Philippines In the last six months or
more Is on the head of Boutwell, Schurz
and other Bryan men, In the United
States: and now Mr. Bryan Is tho chief
In that work of encouraging the rebels.
Senator Hoar is right in charging Bryan
with a useless slaughter of human life
in not declaring .that there can be no ne
gotiations with the rebels until they have
laid down their arms and the Islands are
pacified, as in the case of Cuba. If
Bryan had said that much there would tie
no object In the Tagals keeping up their
attacks on the Americans. But as Bryan
promises to surrender to th rebels, not
waiting for them to stop fighting, of
course they keep on killing Americans.
Bryan is responsible for this loss of life,
because he 1b now the recognized head of
tho anti-imperialists.
AS SOLDIERS VIEW IT.
One in the Philippines Write That
Not 100 of tho 03,000 Would
Vote for Bryan.
New York Sun.
SIOUX FALLS, S. D.-Colonel Lee
Stover, of the First South Dakota Vol
unteer Regiment, who fought through
tho war In the Philippines, and is now
a candidate to succeed State Senator
Franklin Pettlgrew, has received the fol
lowing letter from a soldier In the Phil
ippines: "Santa Cruz, Laguna, P. I., July 10.
Friend Stover: In tonight's Manila paper
I read that William J. Bryan has been
nominated for President on the Demo
cratic ticket Well, the Democrats, 1
suppose, must keep up some sort of
showing, but I feel certain of their down
fall and defeat and the complete vic
tory of the grand old Republican party.
"There is one thing certain, that it
tho troops over here were allowed to vote
you would find less than 100 votes out of
tho C5.003 now stationed here In favor
of the Demopop party. You will undoubt
edly think thl3 is expressing it too
strong, but if you were over here you
would find the sentiment In favor of
holding the Philippines as here stated.
The Insurrection has at last been brought
to a successful end. All organized armed
resistence is something of the past,
though there are a few bands of inhu
ham fiends (ladrones) still at large, mur
dering, burning and robbing wherever
they go. If these people call themselves
patriots, why don't they quit murdering
Innocent people, burning their houses
and carrying wealthy Filipinos off to tho
mountains holding them for largo ran
soms? This Is the kind of warfare the
American soldiers have to deal with at
the present, but thoy aro assisted by all
right-thinking Filipinos. Nearly every
insurgent officer has been brought in and
with one or two exceptions have taken
tho oath and sworn to defend tho flag
of the United States.
"In a recent capture of General Ricarto
there was found among his papers a lot
of antl-expanslon papers printed In the
United States and translated Into the
Tagalog, of which the only conclusion
that can be drawn is that the seed of
dissatisfaction among the Filipinos was.
first spread in tho United States. That
this is true the official records of tho
War Department will show.
"The Volunteers, of course, are anxious
to go home, but not before they can
be spared. They all know what they
are about, and I doubt very much if 1
per cent now in the service would go
homo If tjhe opportunity was offered
them without first making sure that they
could be safely spared from the islands.
I feel , sure the regulars, as llttla as I
know about them, will always do their
duty when called upon.
"The most promlaent Filipinos here
held several peace meetings and have
asked permission to send a delegation to
their figurehead, Aguinaldo, and offered
him a large sum of money to givo up the
so-called resistence so tho country con
be "blessed with peace once more. The
Philllpines are a very rich country which
these people try to better, but the scoun
drel Aguinaldo, as he Is now called. Is
waiting for another bribe similar to the
ono received from Spain in 1S0S. Time
only will show If a Krag-Jorgenson bul
let will hit the mark and cut short the
career of as thorough a scoundrel a&
ever was born.
"B. B. GJELSTEEN.
"Thirty-seventh Infantry."
Maine's September Vote.
Lewiston (Me.) Journal.
In 1S96 the Republican plurality In
Maine was 4S.00O against 12.000 four years
before. But the Republican gain was only
15,000, while the Democratic loss was
21,000. Comparing 1S95 with 1SSS. the Re
publican plurality was 43,000 instead of
18,000. But the gain In the Republican
vote was only COCO; the Democratic Toss
was 27,000. In other words. 37.C00 Demo
crats stayed at home. The Republicans
probably can hold "their vote, but If these
27.0CO Democratic stay-at-homes fail f-j
stay at home this year, the Republican
majority will be so much the smaller, but
will show no absolute los3, so far as gen
eral party divisions are concerned. Every
body knows the normal Republican ma
jority In Maine is not over 17,000, if In
deed so high as that Tho" extent to which
these 27,000 stay-at-home Democrats will
participate In the September election, of
course, Is uncertain: but It Is certain tho
Democrats are making more effort to get
out this vote than they made four years
ago.
Use of Niagara's Power.
It Is of interest to loarn that the attempt
to uso power from Niagara Falls has
proved so successful that a second pit Is
being dug in which 11 turbines will be
placed, generating 55,000 horse-power. The
present supply produces 0,000. The power
fronv the Niagara is secured by conduct
ing water from the high level of the up
per river, to a deep 3haft down which It
plunges on a set of turbine wheels. The
turbines transmit their power into elec
tricity and It is thus distributed to a dis
tance. The new pit will be 463 feet long
and 180 feet deep, while the excavation will
necessitate the removal of 81.000 cublo
yards of rock. With the completion of the
now pit which Is well under way. the com
pany will have more than 100,000 horse
power for distribution In the shape of
electricity, In the vicinity of Buffalo.
This Is Not Bryan Doctrine.
New York World, Dem.
Edward M. Shepard, quoting from
Abram S. Hewitt sets forth a. great fun
damental truth when he says that "the
security of property is an Integral and
sacred part of personal liberty." It Is
also one of the blessings of good govern
ment. The right to labor for whom one
will, to receive full value for that labor
and under the protection of the law to
keep its fruits esontially to tho free man
and to him alone.
Thrift was the lesson of the youth of
the Republic The fathers taught and
practiced it The man who has Is pre
sumably a better man than ho who has
not. "It Is hard," said Benjamin Frank
lin, "for an empty sack to stand up
right" Couldn't Follow Webster.
Omaha Bee.
Whenever Daniel Wehster had a great
oratorical effort to malco, he always used
a stimulant, and on one occasion this
habit of his led to a funny Incident. He
was speaking on the compromise meas
ure In 1850, and at Intervals helped him
self from a small Ice-water pitcher. When
ho had finished. Senator Walker, of Iowa,
got up to reply, and, reaching over to
Webster's desk, took a portion of the con
tents of the pitcher and attempted to
drink It, supposing It to be water. In
truth, however, it was gin, and the hon
orable gentleman nearly had a fit vio
lently sputtering and choking.
Hino Illae Lachrymae.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
Down In Tennessee the Supreme Court
has overruled an effort to have a ver
dict set aside on the ground of undue In
fluence on the Jury through the tears of
the counsel. "Tears," said Justice
.Wilkes, In delivering tho opinion of the
court, "have always been considered
legitimate arguments before the Jury,
and we know of no power or jurisdiction
In the trial Judge to check them. Indeed.
If counsel have tears at command. It may
be seriously questioned whether It is not
his professional duty to shed them when
ever proper occasion arises."
Straight Democratic Tnllc.
Nashville Banner, Dem.
Everybody Is down on trusts. Both par
ties aro pronounced against them, and
the Republicans in Congress presented a
measure designed for their destruction,
which accorded with Mr. Bryan's advice,
but which the Democrats defeated, In
the struggle among the Democratic fac
tions and fusions to make paramount the
Issue that best suits a campaign expe
diency policy, those who talk tariff or
trusts are doomed to disappointment Mr.
Bryan himself Is the paramount Issue,
and Bryan stands for IS to 1 and llttla
America.
i
American Interests In China.
. Los Angeles Times.
An American merchant in Hong Kong
supplies the China coast with masts,
spars and other timber. His name and
property appear In the English records,
but he and his business nevertheless are
American. At least 10 houses in Hawaii
do a remuneratlvr business with China,
both exporting and importing. The Amer
ican Trading Company, which usually Is
regarded as a Japanese house, has Its
agencies In China and does a largo busi
ness with that land.
Great Electioneering- Scheme.
New York Mall and Express.
Newly charged phonograph cylinders
are now on tho market with tho "Behold
a republic" passage from Bryan's Indian
apolis speech neatly sandwiched between
a ragtime song and the pathetic recita
tion entitled "The Night Before Larry
Was Stretched."
.i
PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS
"A man can't back down do ladder o' suc
cess, roun by roun', de same way he climbed."
paid Uncle Eben. "Ef his foot slips, he gen
eriy goes de whole trip, ker-smash." Wash
ington Star.
An Ail-Around Success. "That man eays his
merry-go-round is one ot the finest in this
country." "Te3; I heard him bragging that
hl3 patrons move In the test circles." Phila
delphia Evening Bulletin.
Tho Stern Parent. "But why not, popper?"
pleaded the beautiful maiden. "I," said the
red-necked and brutal father, "am not putting
my trust shares in Princes. Not this year,
Or any other old year." Indianapolis Press.
He Gets It Regularly. Kind -Stranger Jly
little man. do you not get dreadfully tanned
in the Summer? Little Johnny Naw. Paw
licks me In Summer; but de teacher tans me
every day In de Winter. Baltimore American.
"Did Mary have a pleasant week in New
York?" "Oh. yes. But It waa a llttla excit
ing at times." "How was that? Was she
buncood?" "Oh, dear no! But a squad of
Eighth-avenue policeman chased her several
blocks and only clubbed her over tho head once
and then her hair saved her." Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
Pressure. "The Americans." observed the
Grand Vizier, "aro pressing their claims
aealn!" . "Isn't it funny," exclaimed His
Jtajesty, the Sultan, "that with all their bsing
pressed so much, these claims aon't get any
smaller!" Forthwith the proper functionary
cf tho Imperial household promulgated an Irade.
or decree, calling for general laughter through
out the empire. Detroit Journal.
Onward and Upward. "I think I'll run
around to Jake's barber shop and get shayed."
said the returned traveler. "There's no bar
ber ehop there, now; Jake's become very pros
perous since you left." "Moved, has her "No,
but ho transformed the shop into a 'shavlug
parlor,' and then a 'tonsorlal studio,' and now
it's tho 'capillary art atelier (lnc),r of which
fce's president." Philadelphia. Press.
S0TE AND COMMEOTi , - ,
Greek and Roman doors Invariably open,?
outward; a person passing out of the
house Is. therefore, obliged to knock on
the door before opening It to avoid a
collision with a passer-byv
A country paper has this personal Item:
"Those who knew old Mr. Wilson, of this
place, personally, will regret to hear that
he was assaulted in a. brutal manner last,
week, but was not killed."
The German Emperor has commissioned
a German, manufacturer to .make for him.
three electric cars of different shape and
design. In one of which ho Intends ta
travel to the Summer maneuvers la
Saxony.
Rider Haggard, the author. In a recent
public address delivered in London, said
that athletic training is a most deslrabla
preparation In the life of a missionary,,
because nothing In a missionary Impresses
the savage so much as to find himself
equaled or surpassed In strength and
agility by the stranger.
Frederick Macraonnlea, the Brooklyn.
sculptor, will be awarded the gold medal
of honor for his exhibit at the Paris ex
position, which consists of seven plecoi
tho historic "Bacchante." "Sir Henry
Vane," "Shakespeare," "Venu3 and
Adonis," two groups of horses and a
marine and- an. army group.
The City of New York Is easily the sec
ond big town In the world, with its pop
ulation given by the census of 1900 u"a.
3.437.C02. The old city, now comprised In
tho Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx,
contains 2,060.000 people, while Brooklyn,
with the two minor Boroughs of Rich
mond and Queens, havq l,3S5.C0a more.
London must havo now about 6,000,000
at least, but Paris ha3 dropped far be
hind. Sir Power Palmer, acting Commander-in-Chief
of the army In India, In a cir
cular letter to his four division command
ers practically admits that the British,
would have been crushed It the Boers
had equaled them In numbers. Sir Power
Palmer thinks that tho chief lessons to
be drawn from the South African War ara
tho necessity of open formation and more
thorough scouting. The General Is also
a thorough convert to the Importance of
Individual marksmanship and Independent
firing, as opposed to the volley firing.
Captain Sraedley D. Butler, United
States Marino Corps, who was wounded
at Tien Tsln. Is but 19 years old. He waa
a Second Lieutenant of the Marine Corps,
"appointed for temporary service," dur.
ing the Spanish War: he was appointed
permanently on April S 1S99, and promoted
tho same day to Flret Lieutenant Ha
commanded the marine guard on tho
Newark, and made a name for himself
In tho Philippines fighting guerrillas. On
June 14 he was sent ashore with the ma
rines at Taku, and was promoted Cap
tain a few days after he fell with a bul
let in his thigh in front of Tien Tsln.
Ho is the youngest officer of his rank la
tho Navy.
The Rev. Mr. Alcott, of Elgin. III., who
knew Lincoln In Springfield, tells of see
ing him coming away from church un
usually early one Sunday morning. "The
sermon could not have been more than
half through." says Mr. Alcott '"His son
'Tad was slung across his left arm like
a pair of saddle-bag3, and Lincoln waa
striding along with long and deliberate
steps toward his home. On one of tho
street corners he encountered a group of
his fellow-townsmen. Lincoln anticipated
the question which was about to be put
by the group, and. taking his figure oi
speech from practices with which they
were only too familiar, said: 'Gentle
men, I entered this colt, but he kicked
around so I had to withdraw him. "
MEN AND WOMEN.
Mrs. Mary Teardloy. 710 West Monroe street
Chicago, was told by the doctors sho would dla
young. She is now 103 years old.
Slon R. Bostick. tha man who captured Santa
Ana, is still alive. He lives In San Saba.
Tex., and. though 81 yeara old. Is healthy and
hardy and a3 straight as an arrow.
Christian DeWet. the famous leader of tha
Boers, according to tha St. James's Gazette,
was a wrangler at Cambridge, and Is said to
havo gained golden opinions from all during
his 'varsity career.
Tho will of tha late John Mason Loomls, of
Chicago, provides almost SI.00O.000 for tho
founding of a free school at Windsor. Cenn..
where the American founder of the Loomls
family lived in 1039.
Second Assistant Secretary of State Alva A.
Adee was born a deaf mute, learned the us,
of the orran of speeeh by artificial methods,
and mastered the art of lip-reading. Later In
Ufa ho camo to hoar partially.
The Kev. tV. H. Murray, a missionary la
Pekln, and ono of the men whose fata la 3'et
uncertain, became Interested In the condition
of the blind In China some years ago, and to
help them devised a system of representing
tho sounds of the Chinese language by raUet
dots. It has been found that by this means a
blind Chinaman can learn to read in thrcs
month, much less than one who can see and
usoa the ordinary alphabet, as there aro only
480 sounds In Chinese, while of written char
acters there are more than 40QO.
From North Carolina.
Indianapolis News.
"Weil give sltty thousand fo? Bryan, and Just
as muoh more as you please'.
Votes for tho free-stiver howler shall be thlcS
as tho leaves on tha trees.
And not a "nigger's" among 'ern! For nlggera
ain't men. you must know!
So we cheat 'em. and rule 'em. and kill rmt
Consent of the governed? Ah. no!
TVe have heard of tho great Declaration. Ben
Tillman ho read It with power.
At the Bryan cpnventlon. and Bryan can spout
its great words by the hour.
It fits Aguinaldo exactly, and the men now as
sailing the flag
But our nlggera? Not much! When she sees
them great Liberty gce3 on a Jag!
Bryan says for havo we not heard him? that
no man In tho whole world Is at
To govern another as Ienr as that other has
shadow of power to say "nit."
Which is rot for we govern our niggers, and.
please God. we will ne'er ask their leave!
But we'll givo sixty thousand for Bryan a
magnificent end to achieve!
Wo know when ho talks that he's thinking
not of us. but the far Philippines;
That when he howls loudest lor frecdom-aad
loudly he does howl' he means
Not the nlggei? who've died, that Old Olory
might float o'er American soli.
Bat the men who have killed those samo nig
gers beforo they completed their toll!
Independence? Ah. yes. It U? fine for ourselves
and for thosa far away!
Consent of the governed? Why. sure. If our
selves and Bill Bryan bear sway!
Filipinos. Porto P.loans. and Cubans. Hawail
ans, and Guam's native folk.
All must bo free and self-governed, but tn
nigger must bear his oW yoke!
Ausnst.
Elizabeth Gallup Perkins. In Harper's Bazar.
Because of thee, the tender growths of Sarins
Had courage to endure the April rains;
In hope of thee they, patient, bore tho pains
Of chill and drought that they at last might
bring
Into thy presence, when thou aheuldst appear.
Tho beauty of a nature fully grown.
The glory of a beauty fully blown.
And win thy smile, O queen of all tho year!
And we of human mold have caoght thte truth
From thee, dear August for development
And not fulfillment wa3 our Spring: the rose
Of June-time only marked the end of youth.
Thy late perfection hath mada evident
That life ia richest as It nears its close.