Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 1, 1895)
3 THE MOBIfcTCSGr OBEGOiNIASr, TUESDAY, JJJsUAJ&Y 1, 1895. HER WEALTH IN FRUIT Ttie History and. Science of Horticul ture in. Oregfon. THE ERRLY BEGINNINGS OF THE -PIONEERS How the "Various Kinds of Kru.lt Are Grown, Cured, and Mar- keted-Possitailitlcs oJ Small Tracts TVell Cil- tivated Facts and Fijrures. Mm J0 ItOAD Indeed is the meaning of the term horticulture, including as it does the cultiva tion of the products of the soil, be they valued as objects of utility or of beauty. It is diffi cult to define the line between horticulture and improved agricul ture upon the one side ' and landscape archi tecture upon the other. In past ages the word horticulture was applied to gardening, or the cultivation of gar dens filled with roses, violets and other sweet-scented flowers. Horticulture de clined with the fall of Rome, and upon its revival, which was not until the reign of Charlemagne, it is spoken of as relating to gardens of plants or flowers, so it is seen that in the earlier ages the term was used almost wholly as applying to the cultivation of ornamental plants and flow ers. It is difficult to state just when veg etables and fruits were included, but, as it was in the 16th century that the science of horticulture began to advance, it is not unlikely it was during this period. The term Is now applied in common usage to the cultivation of fruit trees, nut trees and small fruits, but the reference to its derivation and long-used meaning is in teresting as showing that the careful "in tensive" culture expected in a garden is the chief and most important character istic of the culture of fruits, with which this article has chiefly to do. It is interesting to note that about 1575 the growing of fruit trees for profit was carried on quite extensively, and in a truly scientific manner. From an old English book, published in 1614, now in the posses sion of a Portland gentleman, we find that many of the same underlying principles that are employed in successful fruit culti vation at the present day were understood and illustrated by Italian, German and Trench writers long before that time. The fruitgrowers of that day understood the necessity of selecting soil which con tained the right chemical properties to produce excellent fruit of the different varieties. They fully appreciated the dan ger of planting their trees on too rich soil, thereby producing an over-luxuriant wood growth and but few fruit spurs. The gen eral principles of pruning employed today do not differ so widely as one would sup pose from those understood and carried into effect at that time. Many of their instruments for work in the field and orchard were crude, and they labored un der many disadvantages which the or thardist of today has overcome. Still, even at that time the growing of fruit trees on scientific principles had been suc cessfully attempted to quite an extent. to supply the demand, and, after the gold excitement had passed and the people had scattered over the state and engaged in other pursuits, the California market was closed to the Oregon fruitgrower. As there were no railroads here at that time, there was no other outlet for Oregon fruits, and, as there was a local demand for only a limited amount, -what promised to become a source of revenue to many proved otherwise, and most of the orchards were neglected and left to care for themselves. From this time on came the decline of horticulture In Oregon. Orchards were scattered over the state, and a certain number kept producing good fruit, but for nearly a quarter of a cen tury horticulture was not considered as one of the factors in the future greatness of the state. During this period of de cline m Oregon, California made great strides in the science of horticulture. In numerable varieties of fruit were tested, and the results have proved conclusively that the soli and climatic conditions were favorable to the successful production of citrus and deciduous fruits. The advent of the railroad into California opened a wide field for her products, which rapidly gained a wonderful reputation and brought remunerative prices. This induced thousands to engage in the business, until at the present time there are over 400,000 acres planted to trees and vines in that stale, employing thousands of men, women and children to care for the orchards and vineyards, and to harvest, cure and mar ket the fruit. Millions of dollars are in vested in her canneries, evaporators (in the coast districts), drying grounds, wine ries, etc. Tliis industry has to a great ex tent taken the place of the mining and other industries, until now it ranks as the leading business of the state. calling more ennobling, more interesting, or which offers so many different and varied fields of research and cultivates to a high degree the finer senses of man. Aside from ail this, a wide field is open to the business man who Is .interested only from a commercial point of view. For those who love a scientific out-door occupation, which at the same time af fords good returns for the money and time spent, there Is no other science more attractive. Following is a brief description of the methods practiced in the growing, curing and marketing of fruit in Oregon: After deciding upon the variety of fruit to be planted, a site is chosen for the orchard where the soil is rich and deep, contain ing the necessary chemical resources to produce fruit of the highest excellence, and which is well protected from the late frosts in the spring. Before planting, the ground is thoroughly prepared for the trees, by first plowing as deeply as possi ble with a two-horse turning plow, fol lowed by a sub-soil plow, loosening the soil to a depth of IS or 20 inches. The surface Is then leveled and made mellow by the use of the harrow and clod smash er. Planting is done in the early fall or in the spring after the rainy season is over and the ground can be prepared. The trees usually selected for planting are healthy 1-year-old trees (1 year from the bud or graft), although some still prefer 2-year-old trees. The system of forming favorable, they are left to drop. If the days are pleasant and warm, they are left as long as possible, as they gain in sac charine matter. The silver prunes are hand-picked. It is sometimes necessary, owing to a short season, to handle the fruit very rapidly. It would require too much space to attempt 'to describe the many different kinds of evaporators in use here, but the main principle of evaporation, i. e., "the removal of a por tion of the moisture of the fruit by swift ly moving currents of hot air" is applied In all. The mechanical contrivances differ In many ways. The fruit is gathered in boxes and taken to he building or shed wherein Is the evaporator, and run through the grader, and sorted into three or four sizes, and then spread out on wire trays, each grade by itself, then placed in the evaporator. Many of the evaporators used here are simply oblong boxes with flat tops, of different capacities, made of matched lumber and built upon four brick walls. They are provided with hollow walls, vents, etc., to carry off the surplus moisture. Some are divided into sections and have the trays arranged In a slanting position, so the fruit of each tray is not subjected to the moisture from the fruit below, the heat passing over and under each tray. In other evaporators the trays are arranged In a horizontal position, one above the other. Between the brick walls, underneath and distant from the lower trays four or five feet, Is an arched brick blackberries. The last season was a se vere one on the Hood River growers, who were unable to get their berries to mar ket on account of the flood. They estimate their loss from the berry crop alone at 560.000. "What is being done bere at the present time in this line was illustrated at Milton. Eastern Oregon. thl3 last sum mer, when the growers received from 93 acres in blackberries and lo acres In strawberries between S1S.000 and $20,000 for their crop. Douglas county received S60, 000 this year for its prune crop, out of which $18,000 was paid for wages and but a small per cent of the orchards planted have come into bearing. Thirty thousand dollars is not a high estimate of the money expended in picking and curing the prune crop the past peason. Only a small per cent of the young orchards bore last year, and in some sections mere was a very light crop of Italian prunes. A low estimate would place the output of evap orated prunes in this state at 12,000,000 pounds for next year. The statistics gathered show that there are within the borders of the state over 4000 acres of prune orchards that will be 6 years old and over, 3100 acres which will be 5 years eld. and about 3000 acres 4 years old. It ia estimated that the cichards which are G years old and over will yield 2000 pounds of cured prunes per acre, which would mean less than 75 pounds of green fruit to the tree. The orchards 5 years old should produce 1000 pounds to the acre, Jfe THEX RAILROADS CAME. And With Them a Revival of Ore gon's Fmit Industries. AILROADS proved as important a fictor in the development of horticulture in this state as they did In California, They provided an outlet which per mitted the placing of the prod ucts of many of the old and some young orchards, which were producing fine fruit, on the markets to the north and east. The beauty of color, luscious taste and fine texture of our products soon made Oregon fruits a favorite, and cre ated a demand which warranted making another start in horticulture. Attention was again turned to it as a business ven ture, some 12 or 15 years ago, when a few large, or what might be termed commer cial orchards, and a number of smaller ones were planted. From that time our fruit has continually gained favor in the Eastern markets, and has brought big j.tMAn rrui s. nw.lA..lnMi.. tH .... In the matter of picking and marketing "' """;?","' nL , ,c their fruit they were quick to see and i ?,,,, , .., ,,,.. ,i appreciate the value of placing it before the public in an attractive way and in fine condition. They would not allow the fruit picked until it was in just the right condition, and in the case of cherries they would not allow the fruit to touch the hand for fear the moisture therefrom would discolor the fruit. Xo bruised or wormy fruit was allowed to be put in with the best. In the matter of selecting seed lor their nursery stoclc, they chose noth ing but seed from perfect fruit and from the best varieties, and when the stock was ready to graft scions were carefully se lected from the healthiest trees. Without tracing horticulture through its various conditions from the early pe riod referred to down to the present time, si brief description of Us advent into Ore gon and its progress here will be of inter est to all who are engaged in the growing of fruits or in any way concerned with the subject. EARLY BEGINNINGS. ' mm " well in some localities. The Umpqua. val ley has become famous for its fine prunes. The soils, of the Willamette valley do not differ materially one section from an other, hence a. general description will suf fice. There are three kinds of soil, each of -which varies somewhat In different sections. First is the white soil, of which there are two kinds the bleached soils, which are caused by water standing on them, dissolving and washing away all soluble salts, all soluble carbons, results of vegetable growth and decay, all soluble protoxides of iron, all soluble coloring matter, and the ashy soils of which a J fine gritty ash seems the base. Second; the red soils, the color of which is chiefly due to the presence bf iron in some form, directly or remotely shown. There are two kinds of red soil; the red lava where the soil is simply decomposed red lava, and the iron toil where the iron in the soil is changed as we see such change of color in the burning of biicks. simply by incrcased oxidation cf the iron contained. Third; the black soil, of which there are two varieties, a black shaly soil which Is often the direct rult of the decompo sition of carbonaceous shale and black vegetable mold. There is but very little diiference in the temperature at Eugene at the head of the valley and at Tortland, but the precipita tion is much greater at the latter place. Apples, pears, cherries, prunes, plums, nut trees, and all small fruits are at home in this valley. In Eastern Oregon, Wasco county is famous for its wonderful apples and strawberries. The soils vary greatly as in other counties. Considerable of the land is a clayey loam. Near The Dalles much of the soil is a dark sandy loam. Most of the land is naturally drained. Apples, prunes, cherrlps and small fruits grow and produce on lerfullyl Peaches do well only in protjc.ed places. Irriga tion is required for small fruits. Several of the counties in the eastern part of the state are pushing themselves rapidly to the front as fruit-producing sections. In Umatilla county, especially about Milton, some excellent fruit is raised. The &oil there is gravelly and is covered with a rich deposit from the mountains. Small fruits and grapes do excellently. Apples, pears, peaches and prunes bear well and are of fine flavor. "Union and Baker counties are making rapid strides in the horticultural line. There are many small valleys that are favorably situated, and they have soils that produce some of the finest apples in the state. Along the Snake river home of the finest peaches ever seen are produced. Apples, pears, cherries and small fruits grow and bear profusely. The soils are a sandy loam with an alkali subsoil, a sandy loam with a gravelly subsoil, and a deep rich red soil heavily charged with iron. In all these fruit-growing districts there are thousands of acres that can be di vided into small tracts, and in most of them this is being dene to a greater or less extent. porting Sheffield cutlery, this house leads, and by proper buying is enabled to lay down its imports in any portion of the Northwest at even less cost than Chicago merchants can land their goods in the Windy City. A retail department is, also a distinct feature of the business, and occupies the corner of First and Ash streets. This store is a model in its-way and is as com plete in ever detall'Tts the immense wholesale department. r - THE BAGGING INDUSTRY. The W. C. Noon lksjrciujr. Company, linrgest House in the North-west. The unusual shipment of three carloads of cotton recently received in this city attests the demand which exists in Port land for material in this line. The importance of Portland as a manu facturing center is further strengthened in the minds of the public when they are informed that this entire shipment, ag gregating 200 bales, of 300,000 yards of brown cotton bagging, was to be used in the manufacture of tlonr tacks by that well-known concern. W. C. Noon Bajc Co.. who conduct in this city the most complete bag. tent and awning factory on the coast, their business reaching to all parts of the Pacific Northwest. A visit to their industrial establishment Is a revelation regarding the importance of the manufacture of flour sacks, grain bags, tents, and kindred lines in Portland. The ofllcers of the company are W. C. Noon president, T. J. Armstrong vice president and treasurer, and D. S. Free man secretary. The building occupied by this company is a modern four-story brick structure, well arranged for the ex peditious handling of their large business. The entire factory forms one of the most complete plants of the kind on the coast, as has been stated before, and its loca tion herq is a most important factor in Portland's industrial trade. The, company draws on the East and! South for Its supply of cotton, and Its burlap Is imported direct from India. This house gives 3teady employment to a large force of men. and it disburses annually considerable sums of money in wages in addition to its heavy expenditures for raw materials. The house has been established here for 30 years past, and jt enjoys the highest standing in the immense field the trade of which it has so long held. Mr. W. C. Noon being one of the pioneers in the business on the coast. OREGON'S FUTURE. I' fZ&X i r?m ww rement REPBFSENTA7I7E BUILDINGS OF PORTLAND. wU Orchards of the Pioneers The Sub sequent Decline. HE first page in the history of horticulture in Oregon was written in 1847. when the stock for the first nursery ever planted in the state reached Milwaukie. During the many long tedious days spent in car ing for this stock, which was to him of priceless value, little did that sterling pioreer. Mr. Henderson Levelling, dream of the important part h whs taking in establishing in the state of hls adoption what was destined to be come one cf its leading Industries. Mr. Lewelling left Iowa in March. 1S47. with two wagons loaded with nursery stock, which consisted of the principal fruits, apples, pears, peaches, plums and cher ries, also a few hickory nuts and black walnuts which sprouted on the way. About even months were consumed in making the Journey. So highly were the trees valued that he could have sold the entire lot for $3 apiece. Soon after his ar slval at Milwaukie. he formed a partner ship in the nursery business with Mr. Meek. Many obstacles beset the path of the firm, chief among which was the ditfi- nlty in obtaining stock to graft upon. The wild crab-apple and thorn bush for seed fruits, and the wild cherry for stone 'rults. were tried with but poor success, "ew trees were sold until the fall of 1S53. when they had a large stock. In 1S51 they hsui some IS.000 fine healthy trees, which sld readily at $1 00 apiece for apple trees, and $1 50 for plum, cherry and peach trees. Tn 1SK the nursery business assumed a commercial aspect, when Mr. Seth Dewel 'ing, now living at MllwRUkle. went into partnership with his brother and Mr. Meek, and established branch nurseries n different parts of the state. It was about 1SS1 that the fir&t fruit was pro duced, and the following year a little .nore. In 1S63 Oregon became known as a fruit-producing state, her apples selling on the San Francisco market at $1 00 a pound. This Tas the era of high pricss. for in ISSi a number of small orchards s.ame into bearing and prices fell. In 1S5S4 they had declined to 25 cents a pound. which, owing to the difficulties encount ered in transporting to San Francisco, did not pay. At the time apples were selling for 51 00 a pound, pears, peaches and plums brought Jl 50 a. pound. Times were then good in California, and that state produced little if any fruit of the kinds above mentioned, consequently there was a good aemand for fruit at high prices. This encouraged many to plant orchards l'ere. thinking that the demand would continue. A few of the early planters recognized, the necessity of carefully se lecting a site for their orchards where the soil was supplied with the nght chem .al properties to produce excellent fruit. and where it was thoroughly under .'.rulnwL They took good care of their trees, aad expected to continue in the lusiness permanentl. while many others were lured inter it by the fancy prices end with the sole idea that in the fruit business there was an easy fortune, ar.d by these but little heed was given the fundamental principles governing success ful orcharding. When the demand for Oregon fruit ceased, these were the first orrhards to be neglected and to go Into decline California soon began t& grow the same varieties of fruits in sufficient quantities turned the. attention of many to horti culture as a business, and led many to engage in it. It rapidly gained gigantic proportions as a business, until there are at the present time, at &. low estimate, 65,000 acres planted to trees and vines in the state. As with all other new ventures.. there was much to learn, and there have been periods of elation on the part of some of the Investors, as hopes were In flated by exorbitant returns received for fruit, or depression, as facts were brought to their minds which convinced them they had launched out Into a business that de manded more of their time for careful study of Its different phases than they had anticipated. Some who engaged in this Industry had no idea whatever of the fruit business or Its requirements, and even after the trees were planted did not in form themselves upon the subject, but waited in sublime conflnce for a mag nificent leturn from their investment, utterly ignoring the requirements of their trees and the necessity of watching every detail from the time the tree was planted until the fruit reached the market. The last seven or eight years have wrought changes of the greatest import ance to horticulture in this state. ' The period of theoretical horticulture has passed. It is ro longer expected that en ormous profits can be realized without giving thoughtful study to the subject. It low heads and training the trees in what is known as the goblet or vase forms pre vails. The crowns are started from 18 to 36 inches above the ground. The square system of planting is generally followed here, the quincunx and triangular being seldom used. Thorough cultivation of the orchard is begun in the spring, after the rains have ceased, and continued through the summer until the middle of August or first of September, according to the season and the nature of the soil. In some instances crops of potatoes are grown between the trees for the first year or two. The cost of an orchard varies with location, and the thoroughness with which the work is done up to the time it reaches bearing age. In this state the trees make a vigorous growth and commence bearing very young. Much of the fruit raited in the state is shipped in the green state, and it has won an enviable reputation in the Eastern markets. Our cherries and strawberries have created surprise and admiration for their fine flavor, beautiful color, and re markable firmness and size, and are in good demand in the Eastern markets. Oregon strawberries drove the Illinois berries out of the St. Paul market two j years ago. excelling the latter in many ways, our cnernes, certain varieties oi is now looked upon in' the light of a sim- j Vlvms. and prunes, especially the Italian. pie business proposition, with all seat;- " a. " ., !t ' mont cast aside, and Is run on scientific ' well and command good prices in the mar principles, backed by the perseverance. , ts to the norta ana east. The straw--... o.i i I., f tho iiM..fiii berries and raspberries are shipped in r . ..!,.. j, ..ii.. I orat. pontainine 24 one-nound boxes. The business man and enlightened horticultur 1st. The growing of certain kinds of fruit is no lonr-er cxnerlmental. It has been thoroughly demonstrated that they can be j grown to a point of excellence equal it not superior to any produced elsewhere. This was proved to the satisfaction of all at the Columbian exposition when Oregon peaches are neatly wrapped in white Taper, and packed "in 20-pound boxes. Pears are also wrapped in white paper, and packed tightly in 50-pound boxes. Apples are selected and packed in lajers In 50-pound boxes. Apricots and plums are shinned most successfully In crates was awarded 17 medals, more than any J containing four five-pound baskets. The ?u furnace extending nearly length of the chamber. From this furnace extends a large which Is brought back horizontally di rectly over the furnace to the front part of the. chamber, where it is connected by elbows to two more pipes, which are re turned, one on either side of the main pipe, to the rear, where they are again united in one pipe and passed into a chim ney. These pipes furnish the heat for the evaporator. To prevent the fruit from cooking and create a rapid circulation of hot air, cold air is admitted from the out side through pipes extending into the chamber and over the hot-air pipes. Ihe furnace is fired from the outside. The length of time the fruit is left in the evap orator depends upon the variety of fruit and its condition of ripeness. This year's experience has demonstrated that the fin est dried product is not cured in the short est time. While much fruit was evap orated in a few hours, some of the finest prunes were cured as follows: French, 21 hours; Italian, 30 hours, and silver in 36 hours. After being taken from the evap orator, the prunes of the different sizes are put in separate bins and allowed to go through a sweating process for tw o or three weeks. By means of this sweating process the prunes that were dried a little too much absorb moisture from those that were not dried so much. When taken from the bins, the prunes have a beautiful gloss. Very few of the growers here use any solution to give their prunes a fine appearance. the entire and the orchards 4 years old 300 pounds to the rear of ' the acre. From the above it may be seen L iron pipe . that there will be at least ?120,000 paid out for picking and curing prunes alone m Oregon in 1S05. SOIL AND CLIMATE. peculiar Features of Various Sec tioiiH of the State. TH SKID MORE FOUSTAIX. other state in the "Union. Her fruits came in direct competition with those of other states and British Columbia, and perhaps did more than any one thing to attract the attention of Eastern people, and to in duce comparisons with other exhibitors. The awards were made on the points of excellence, including flavor, texture, color and size. METHODS IN PRACTICE. Most Desirable Wny of Groxvlnjr, Curlnc and Marketing. ORTICULTURAL. science has made rapid strides forward In the last 15 years, until now it is ranked with the highest of the "arts" or practical applica tions of sciences, and includes among its followers some of the brightest minds in tlie world, and calls into service scientists of the highest rank. A successful horticulturist of the present day must understand to a greater or less degree, practically at least, the sciences of ciiemtstry. boiany and en tomology. It is safe to say there is no loR )0M fruit is layered in the baskets, with white paper between each layer. Evaporated prunes are packed in 25 and 50-pouad boxes. EVAPORATING FRUITS. Some Interesting Particulars of Thii New and Thrlvlnpr AVorlc. VAPORATORS play a very im portant part in preserving n a dried state a large amount of our fruits. Especially is this true In regard to our prunes. Oregon, unlike Cali fornia, is not favored with solar heat sufficient to cure its fruit, and. as thers wort nearly 19.000.COO pounds of prunes to care for here the past season, a large number of evaporat ing plants are reqa'red. There are about 3b0 evaporators of different sizes and styles in the state, valued at about $150, 000. The Italian and French prunes are allowed to remain on the trees until thor oughly ripe and are then removed b gen tly shaking tne tree. If the season is IS MONEY IN FRUIT. Subdivided Farms Yield Handsome Returns Everywhere. ORTUNE favored California when the large tracts of land on which wheat had been growing for years were cut up into small tracts and planted to orchards. Instead of broad fields of grain with no object, except here and there a tree or a lone house, to relieve the monotony of the view, there is now a forest of small orchards, each with its neat little cottage and out buildings, showing thrift and prosperity on all sides. Fortunate, we say, for in stead of this large area of land belonging to a few men, giving employment to but few people, and bringing but small re turns for the money invested, certain sec tions are densely settled with a progres sive people, and thousands of men, women and children find employment in the or chards, vineyards, drying grounds, can neries and wineries; and schools, churches and stores have been built. Where before but a few thousand dollars were spent in a neighborhood, hundreds of thousands are now expended each year. A good illustration of the benefit to a state in the division of large bodies of land, that brought but small returns to the owners and gave employment to but few people, is in Santa Clara county, California, the famous prune county of the state. There are In this county 31,112 acres In small orchards, the average holding being 10 acres to each owner. Last year the ship ments of green fruit amounted to 2264,175 pounds, and the shipments of dried fruit amounted to 39,384,220 pounds, giving an income of 56.000,000 to the growers. This does not include the fruit put up for home use or sold to tne local marKets, or tne amount of money received for labor in the canneries. The plan of dividing large bodies of land in Oregon into small tracts is perfectly feasible, as there are hundreds of thou sands of acres in the state adjacent o the railroads that are perfectly adapted to the growing of certain fruits. The grcatesL portion of the fruit grown in the above-named county in California consists of prunes and plums, cherries, apple3. grapes and peaches, all of which are at home in Oregon. Already many large tract3 of land have been cut up in this state and planted to orchards and small fruits. Near Salem and in Southern Ore gon this has been done on quite an ex tensive scale. At Mount Tabor, near Port laud, hundreds of acres are planted to small fruits, the returns from which give a good living to many families. At Hood River many families are supported from their strawberries, and many more acres have been planted ta strawberries and HE soil and climatic conditions of Oregon dilter greatly even in the same general locality, but there is a vast afftaunt of land favorably situated for the growing of fine fruits. It would require too much space in an article of this kind to describe the soil of the differ ent localities, but a. brief description is given of some of the largest fruitgrowing districts in the state, showing the natural conditions and naming some of the varie ties of fruit that are successfully grown. The horticultural district of Southern Oregon embraces the counties of Douglas, Josephine, Jackson, Klamath. Lake, Coos and Curry. Of these, Jackson, Josephine and Douglas are the chief fruitgrowing counties. Rogue river valley is the mosj famous fruitgrowing district in Jackson county, although there are other smaller valleys that are rapidly becoming known as good fruit sections. The soil varies greatly In this county. Along the river and cxeek bottoms it is generally a rich loam, containing considerable sand. The soil of the bench lands is mostly decom posed granite, and seems to be the home of the peach. The soil of the hills is a loose, deep, red soil, heavily charged with A Few Rea.son for Enconrn for the Industry. REGON'S future in horticulture cannot be accurately foretold at the present time, but there are many important things in favorof its rapid advancement which should not be" over- n. iookcu. uniet among tnese are vi tVi fnti hut it Vins nrnvon tn ties of fruit can be produced here that are equal, if not superior, to any produced elsewhere, and that the area of country suit able for the growing of these fruits is practically unlimited. It has also been clearly demonstrated that a family can make a good living from a comparatively few acres, and this fact ought to encour age many to engage in this business. An- Othpr imnnrtant friof is tVint rannv "TCnif- j crn and foreign people are turning their attention to fruitgrowing in this state as a profitable investment. Confidence in this as a paying busitess is shown by the fact that many who have found wheat xaising unprofitable are gradually turning to the orchard business. The fruitgrow ers here only attempt to grow the varie ties of fruit that are especially adapted to their particular locality. No attempt is made in this article to show the net profits derived from an acre of orchard. That varies according to circumstances, but pays a larger per cent on the money in vested than almost any other industry. A great advantage that Oregon has over California is that its chief city is the terminus of five great railroads instead of one, and the fact that we are much nearer a great section of country that produces no fruit and must look elsewhere for it.s supply. HONEYMAN, DE HART & CO. The Leading: Wholesale and Import ing; Hardware Home in the Northwest. There is no better evidence of the solid and steady growth cf the 'Northwest than the fact that Portland holds within her precincts a hardware importing house, which leads older S.sn Francisco houses a hard race in supplying the states sur rounding Oregon with the commodities in which it deals. Reference is made to the progressive firm of Honeyman, DeHart & Co., whose immense establishment is lo cated at First and Ash streets. Able management In the firm's affairs from the time it started, in the early '40s, HER ENTRANCE into society, and womanhood as weH, is an extremely critical period in every girl's life At this time sne needs advice, and, what's more help of the right sort. If she puts her faith in Dr. Pierce's Favorite Pre scriotion it can bring only good results. It's'a medicine that's made especially to build up women's strength and cure wo men's ailments an invigorating, restora tive tonic, soothing cordial, and bracing nervine ; purely vegetable, non-alcoholic, and perfectly harmless. For all the func tional derangements, painful disorders, and chronic weaknesses that amict womankind, the "Favorite Prescription " is specific. TERRIBLE PAIN AND FAINTING SPELLS. fechRnlCsrurgh. Cumberland Co.. fe Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y. : Dear Sir wnen I cotnmsncea iaK ing your medicine I was very sickly. I had fre quent spells of fainting, terrible pain ia my head, and life was a burden to me. I was attended by one of the best physi ciaus in our town, out with no good results. At last a neighbor advised me to try Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription, which I did. and after taking one bottle I felt greatly benefited. I would advise all ladies similarlv afflicted to try "Favorite Prescription." 'i Mrs'. SAMUEL A. JACOBS. A book of i6S pages, entitled "Woman and Her Diseases," sent scaled in plain envelope for io cents in stamps to pay postage. Address Dr. Pierce as above. RS. JACOB3. ' ii BRBbhIPI Coughs, Croup, Influenza, and Bronchitis, use CHERRY PECTORAL the hest of all anodyne expectorants. Prompt to act, -lire THIRD ASD WASHISGTOX STREETS. PORTLAND. iron. These hill lands produce apples of high color and fine flavor. Some of the best-known varieties of freestone and clingstone peaches grow to perfection here. Grapes of both the foreign and na tive varieties do remarkably well. All of the best varieties of apples grow to per fection and are of excellent flavor and beautiful color. Prunes of all kinds do well. Pears, cherries. French and black walnuts ard almonds thrive and produce well here. Favored as it is with the right climate and soil conditions, Jackson coun ty produces sume varieties of fruit which are second to none. The soils, rainfall and temperature of Josephine county do not differ materially from Jackson county, and most of the same varieties of fruit do well. The same conditions exist In Douglas as in the for mer counties, with the exception that the summers are not quite c warm and the nreciDitatlon Is somewhat greater. Ap- n!es. nears. nrunes. cherries and small has had the effect of steady gain, and year by year the business has grown ai.J prospered. Every conceivable description of hard ware is carried by this house, including the celebrated Sheffield cutlery, Peter "Wright anvils and forges, Henry Dios ton's saws, the finest grades of mechan ics tools, shovels, rakes, wheelbarrow, refrigerators, aluminum goods, etc. One entire floor of the immense warehouse is devoted to the display of builders' hard ware. So complete is the system of this firm that it was recently the remark of a trav eling representative of one of Chicago s leading hardware concerns that "what could not be found at a moment's notice in Honeyman. DeHart & Co.'s sample rooms, it would be useless to look for In any nardware house in the country- The success of the firm is largely due to a thorough knowledge of the art of buying. To this portion of the business ilr. De- No More Back AcHi 1 ilrwiLrG CZFizr YS3 CJ0N5TIPAT10N. -WUWATlONa BLADDER S ALL KIDNEY DISEASES . S ut-?.h fruits do remarkably welL Peaches do Hart devotes his entire attention. In Im A SKIN OF BEAUTY In A. JOY FOREVER A. iH. T. TELIX (.OURAlD'B OttlKNTAI, CHEA5I or MAGICAI. BfrAX'TlFIEK removes Tan, PJmples. Kreckln, 1 o:n Piche. Kmsh unrt s-kln DUeasM n cl every blemish on brtia'y Rtd dejies deletion on 8 vie tues. Ji hs stood the les: of 40 years, aua pjtso narir.iwo r5 2 taste It to bs nro ' mat :i is projjenj 'I made. Acoptno countcrfeito; sim ilar name. r. I A Sayrtaid to a ltdy of tu nu too. a patient; rou icuiM Trill use them 1 I recommend 'Qoa raad's t,ream"a the lr. harmful of all tho skin r - lif - preparation" i'or sale by all dmcglsu ana rancy goo l(ralrri lit tlio U. h., Canadas and Lurope. On" bottie will lost six months, usins it everyday. Also Foudrta Bubtiie removes-superfluoiiH balr -n Ithont injury to the utiu. FEUI. r. HOPKINS. Prop.. 37 t.reas Jones sU.Vew orfe. .Beware of ba.e lroltalloas. S1009 ward lor arrest asdroofof aarono sell tnx tlie same O S CJ -- -IT . !l8- WCk i zszz -: ' pjj ar xa vj f s & sM