3
THE MOBIfcTCSGr OBEGOiNIASr, TUESDAY, JJJsUAJ&Y 1, 1895.
HER WEALTH IN FRUIT
Ttie History and. Science of Horticul
ture in. Oregfon.
THE ERRLY BEGINNINGS OF THE -PIONEERS
How the "Various Kinds of Kru.lt Are Grown, Cured, and Mar-
keted-Possitailitlcs oJ Small Tracts TVell Cil-
tivated Facts and Fijrures.
Mm
J0
ItOAD Indeed is the
meaning of the term
horticulture, including
as it does the cultiva
tion of the products of
the soil, be they valued
as objects of utility or
of beauty. It is diffi
cult to define the line
between horticulture
and improved agricul
ture upon the one side '
and landscape archi
tecture upon the other.
In past ages the word
horticulture was applied
to gardening, or the cultivation of gar
dens filled with roses, violets and other
sweet-scented flowers. Horticulture de
clined with the fall of Rome, and upon its
revival, which was not until the reign of
Charlemagne, it is spoken of as relating
to gardens of plants or flowers, so it is
seen that in the earlier ages the term was
used almost wholly as applying to the
cultivation of ornamental plants and flow
ers. It is difficult to state just when veg
etables and fruits were included, but, as it
was in the 16th century that the science of
horticulture began to advance, it is not
unlikely it was during this period. The
term Is now applied in common usage to
the cultivation of fruit trees, nut trees
and small fruits, but the reference to its
derivation and long-used meaning is in
teresting as showing that the careful "in
tensive" culture expected in a garden is
the chief and most important character
istic of the culture of fruits, with which
this article has chiefly to do.
It is interesting to note that about 1575
the growing of fruit trees for profit was
carried on quite extensively, and in a truly
scientific manner. From an old English
book, published in 1614, now in the posses
sion of a Portland gentleman, we find that
many of the same underlying principles
that are employed in successful fruit culti
vation at the present day were understood
and illustrated by Italian, German and
Trench writers long before that time.
The fruitgrowers of that day understood
the necessity of selecting soil which con
tained the right chemical properties to
produce excellent fruit of the different
varieties. They fully appreciated the dan
ger of planting their trees on too rich soil,
thereby producing an over-luxuriant wood
growth and but few fruit spurs. The gen
eral principles of pruning employed today
do not differ so widely as one would sup
pose from those understood and carried
into effect at that time. Many of their
instruments for work in the field and
orchard were crude, and they labored un
der many disadvantages which the or
thardist of today has overcome. Still,
even at that time the growing of fruit
trees on scientific principles had been suc
cessfully attempted to quite an extent.
to supply the demand, and, after the gold
excitement had passed and the people had
scattered over the state and engaged in
other pursuits, the California market was
closed to the Oregon fruitgrower. As
there were no railroads here at that time,
there was no other outlet for Oregon
fruits, and, as there was a local demand
for only a limited amount, -what promised
to become a source of revenue to many
proved otherwise, and most of the
orchards were neglected and left to care
for themselves. From this time on came
the decline of horticulture In Oregon.
Orchards were scattered over the state,
and a certain number kept producing good
fruit, but for nearly a quarter of a cen
tury horticulture was not considered as
one of the factors in the future greatness
of the state. During this period of de
cline m Oregon, California made great
strides in the science of horticulture. In
numerable varieties of fruit were tested,
and the results have proved conclusively
that the soli and climatic conditions were
favorable to the successful production of
citrus and deciduous fruits. The advent
of the railroad into California opened a
wide field for her products, which rapidly
gained a wonderful reputation and
brought remunerative prices. This induced
thousands to engage in the business, until
at the present time there are over 400,000
acres planted to trees and vines in that
stale, employing thousands of men, women
and children to care for the orchards and
vineyards, and to harvest, cure and mar
ket the fruit. Millions of dollars are in
vested in her canneries, evaporators (in
the coast districts), drying grounds, wine
ries, etc. Tliis industry has to a great ex
tent taken the place of the mining and
other industries, until now it ranks as the
leading business of the state.
calling more ennobling, more interesting,
or which offers so many different and
varied fields of research and cultivates to
a high degree the finer senses of man.
Aside from ail this, a wide field is open
to the business man who Is .interested
only from a commercial point of view.
For those who love a scientific out-door
occupation, which at the same time af
fords good returns for the money and
time spent, there Is no other science more
attractive.
Following is a brief description of the
methods practiced in the growing, curing
and marketing of fruit in Oregon: After
deciding upon the variety of fruit to be
planted, a site is chosen for the orchard
where the soil is rich and deep, contain
ing the necessary chemical resources to
produce fruit of the highest excellence,
and which is well protected from the late
frosts in the spring. Before planting, the
ground is thoroughly prepared for the
trees, by first plowing as deeply as possi
ble with a two-horse turning plow, fol
lowed by a sub-soil plow, loosening the
soil to a depth of IS or 20 inches. The
surface Is then leveled and made mellow
by the use of the harrow and clod smash
er. Planting is done in the early fall or
in the spring after the rainy season is
over and the ground can be prepared. The
trees usually selected for planting are
healthy 1-year-old trees (1 year from the
bud or graft), although some still prefer
2-year-old trees. The system of forming
favorable, they are left to drop. If the
days are pleasant and warm, they are left
as long as possible, as they gain in sac
charine matter. The silver prunes are
hand-picked. It is sometimes necessary,
owing to a short season, to handle the
fruit very rapidly. It would require too
much space to attempt 'to describe the
many different kinds of evaporators
in use here, but the main principle of
evaporation, i. e., "the removal of a por
tion of the moisture of the fruit by swift
ly moving currents of hot air" is applied
In all. The mechanical contrivances differ
In many ways. The fruit is gathered in
boxes and taken to he building or shed
wherein Is the evaporator, and run
through the grader, and sorted into three
or four sizes, and then spread out on wire
trays, each grade by itself, then placed in
the evaporator. Many of the evaporators
used here are simply oblong boxes with
flat tops, of different capacities, made of
matched lumber and built upon four brick
walls. They are provided with hollow
walls, vents, etc., to carry off the surplus
moisture. Some are divided into sections
and have the trays arranged In a slanting
position, so the fruit of each tray is not
subjected to the moisture from the fruit
below, the heat passing over and under
each tray. In other evaporators the trays
are arranged In a horizontal position, one
above the other. Between the brick walls,
underneath and distant from the lower
trays four or five feet, Is an arched brick
blackberries. The last season was a se
vere one on the Hood River growers, who
were unable to get their berries to mar
ket on account of the flood. They estimate
their loss from the berry crop alone at
560.000. "What is being done bere at the
present time in this line was illustrated
at Milton. Eastern Oregon. thl3 last sum
mer, when the growers received from 93
acres in blackberries and lo acres In
strawberries between S1S.000 and $20,000 for
their crop. Douglas county received S60,
000 this year for its prune crop, out of
which $18,000 was paid for wages and but a
small per cent of the orchards planted
have come into bearing. Thirty thousand
dollars is not a high estimate of the
money expended in picking and curing the
prune crop the past peason. Only a small
per cent of the young orchards bore last
year, and in some sections mere was a
very light crop of Italian prunes. A low
estimate would place the output of evap
orated prunes in this state at 12,000,000
pounds for next year. The statistics
gathered show that there are within the
borders of the state over 4000 acres of
prune orchards that will be 6 years old
and over, 3100 acres which will be 5 years
eld. and about 3000 acres 4 years old. It ia
estimated that the cichards which are G
years old and over will yield 2000 pounds
of cured prunes per acre, which would
mean less than 75 pounds of green fruit
to the tree. The orchards 5 years old
should produce 1000 pounds to the acre,
Jfe
THEX RAILROADS CAME.
And With Them a Revival of Ore
gon's Fmit Industries.
AILROADS proved as important
a fictor in the development of
horticulture in this state as
they did In California, They
provided an outlet which per
mitted the placing of the prod
ucts of many of the old and
some young orchards, which
were producing fine fruit, on
the markets to the north and east.
The beauty of color, luscious taste
and fine texture of our products soon
made Oregon fruits a favorite, and cre
ated a demand which warranted making
another start in horticulture. Attention
was again turned to it as a business ven
ture, some 12 or 15 years ago, when a few
large, or what might be termed commer
cial orchards, and a number of smaller
ones were planted. From that time our
fruit has continually gained favor in the
Eastern markets, and has brought big
j.tMAn rrui s. nw.lA..lnMi.. tH ....
In the matter of picking and marketing "' """;?","' nL , ,c
their fruit they were quick to see and i ?,,,, , .., ,,,.. ,i
appreciate the value of placing it before
the public in an attractive way and in
fine condition. They would not allow the
fruit picked until it was in just the right
condition, and in the case of cherries they
would not allow the fruit to touch the
hand for fear the moisture therefrom
would discolor the fruit. Xo bruised or
wormy fruit was allowed to be put in with
the best. In the matter of selecting seed
lor their nursery stoclc, they chose noth
ing but seed from perfect fruit and from
the best varieties, and when the stock was
ready to graft scions were carefully se
lected from the healthiest trees.
Without tracing horticulture through
its various conditions from the early pe
riod referred to down to the present time,
si brief description of Us advent into Ore
gon and its progress here will be of inter
est to all who are engaged in the growing
of fruits or in any way concerned with
the subject.
EARLY BEGINNINGS.
' mm "
well in some localities. The Umpqua. val
ley has become famous for its fine prunes.
The soils, of the Willamette valley do not
differ materially one section from an
other, hence a. general description will suf
fice. There are three kinds of soil, each
of -which varies somewhat In different
sections. First is the white soil, of which
there are two kinds the bleached soils,
which are caused by water standing on
them, dissolving and washing away all
soluble salts, all soluble carbons, results
of vegetable growth and decay, all soluble
protoxides of iron, all soluble coloring
matter, and the ashy soils of which a J
fine gritty ash seems the base. Second;
the red soils, the color of which is chiefly
due to the presence bf iron in some form,
directly or remotely shown. There are
two kinds of red soil; the red lava where
the soil is simply decomposed red lava,
and the iron toil where the iron in the
soil is changed as we see such change of
color in the burning of biicks. simply by
incrcased oxidation cf the iron contained.
Third; the black soil, of which there are
two varieties, a black shaly soil which
Is often the direct rult of the decompo
sition of carbonaceous shale and black
vegetable mold.
There is but very little diiference in the
temperature at Eugene at the head of the
valley and at Tortland, but the precipita
tion is much greater at the latter place.
Apples, pears, cherries, prunes, plums,
nut trees, and all small fruits are at home
in this valley.
In Eastern Oregon, Wasco county is
famous for its wonderful apples and
strawberries. The soils vary greatly as
in other counties. Considerable of the
land is a clayey loam. Near The Dalles
much of the soil is a dark sandy loam.
Most of the land is naturally drained.
Apples, prunes, cherrlps and small fruits
grow and produce on lerfullyl Peaches
do well only in protjc.ed places. Irriga
tion is required for small fruits. Several
of the counties in the eastern part of the
state are pushing themselves rapidly to
the front as fruit-producing sections. In
Umatilla county, especially about Milton,
some excellent fruit is raised. The &oil
there is gravelly and is covered with a
rich deposit from the mountains. Small
fruits and grapes do excellently. Apples,
pears, peaches and prunes bear well and
are of fine flavor.
"Union and Baker counties are making
rapid strides in the horticultural line.
There are many small valleys that are
favorably situated, and they have soils
that produce some of the finest apples in
the state. Along the Snake river home of
the finest peaches ever seen are produced.
Apples, pears, cherries and small fruits
grow and bear profusely. The soils are
a sandy loam with an alkali subsoil, a
sandy loam with a gravelly subsoil, and a
deep rich red soil heavily charged with
iron.
In all these fruit-growing districts there
are thousands of acres that can be di
vided into small tracts, and in most of
them this is being dene to a greater or
less extent.
porting Sheffield cutlery, this house leads,
and by proper buying is enabled to lay
down its imports in any portion of the
Northwest at even less cost than Chicago
merchants can land their goods in the
Windy City.
A retail department is, also a distinct
feature of the business, and occupies the
corner of First and Ash streets. This
store is a model in its-way and is as com
plete in ever detall'Tts the immense
wholesale department. r -
THE BAGGING INDUSTRY.
The W. C. Noon lksjrciujr. Company,
linrgest House in the North-west.
The unusual shipment of three carloads
of cotton recently received in this city
attests the demand which exists in Port
land for material in this line.
The importance of Portland as a manu
facturing center is further strengthened
in the minds of the public when they are
informed that this entire shipment, ag
gregating 200 bales, of 300,000 yards of
brown cotton bagging, was to be used in
the manufacture of tlonr tacks by that
well-known concern. W. C. Noon Bajc
Co.. who conduct in this city the most
complete bag. tent and awning factory
on the coast, their business reaching to all
parts of the Pacific Northwest.
A visit to their industrial establishment
Is a revelation regarding the importance
of the manufacture of flour sacks, grain
bags, tents, and kindred lines in Portland.
The ofllcers of the company are W. C.
Noon president, T. J. Armstrong vice
president and treasurer, and D. S. Free
man secretary. The building occupied by
this company is a modern four-story
brick structure, well arranged for the ex
peditious handling of their large business.
The entire factory forms one of the most
complete plants of the kind on the coast,
as has been stated before, and its loca
tion herq is a most important factor in
Portland's industrial trade.
The, company draws on the East and!
South for Its supply of cotton, and Its
burlap Is imported direct from India. This
house gives 3teady employment to a large
force of men. and it disburses annually
considerable sums of money in wages in
addition to its heavy expenditures for raw
materials. The house has been established
here for 30 years past, and jt enjoys the
highest standing in the immense field the
trade of which it has so long held. Mr. W.
C. Noon being one of the pioneers in the
business on the coast.
OREGON'S FUTURE.
I'
fZ&X
i r?m
ww
rement
REPBFSENTA7I7E BUILDINGS OF PORTLAND.
wU
Orchards of the Pioneers The Sub
sequent Decline.
HE first page in the history of
horticulture in Oregon was
written in 1847. when the stock
for the first nursery ever
planted in the state reached
Milwaukie. During the many
long tedious days spent in car
ing for this stock, which was
to him of priceless value, little
did that sterling pioreer. Mr. Henderson
Levelling, dream of the important part
h whs taking in establishing in the state
of hls adoption what was destined to be
come one cf its leading Industries. Mr.
Lewelling left Iowa in March. 1S47. with
two wagons loaded with nursery stock,
which consisted of the principal fruits,
apples, pears, peaches, plums and cher
ries, also a few hickory nuts and black
walnuts which sprouted on the way.
About even months were consumed in
making the Journey. So highly were the
trees valued that he could have sold the
entire lot for $3 apiece. Soon after his ar
slval at Milwaukie. he formed a partner
ship in the nursery business with Mr.
Meek. Many obstacles beset the path of
the firm, chief among which was the ditfi-
nlty in obtaining stock to graft upon.
The wild crab-apple and thorn bush for
seed fruits, and the wild cherry for stone
'rults. were tried with but poor success,
"ew trees were sold until the fall of 1S53.
when they had a large stock. In 1S51 they
hsui some IS.000 fine healthy trees, which
sld readily at $1 00 apiece for apple trees,
and $1 50 for plum, cherry and peach trees.
Tn 1SK the nursery business assumed a
commercial aspect, when Mr. Seth Dewel
'ing, now living at MllwRUkle. went into
partnership with his brother and Mr.
Meek, and established branch nurseries
n different parts of the state. It was
about 1SS1 that the fir&t fruit was pro
duced, and the following year a little
.nore. In 1S63 Oregon became known as a
fruit-producing state, her apples selling
on the San Francisco market at $1 00 a
pound. This Tas the era of high pricss.
for in ISSi a number of small orchards
s.ame into bearing and prices fell. In 1S5S4
they had declined to 25 cents a pound.
which, owing to the difficulties encount
ered in transporting to San Francisco, did
not pay. At the time apples were selling
for 51 00 a pound, pears, peaches and
plums brought Jl 50 a. pound. Times were
then good in California, and that state
produced little if any fruit of the kinds
above mentioned, consequently there was
a good aemand for fruit at high prices.
This encouraged many to plant orchards
l'ere. thinking that the demand would
continue. A few of the early planters
recognized, the necessity of carefully se
lecting a site for their orchards where
the soil was supplied with the nght chem
.al properties to produce excellent fruit.
and where it was thoroughly under
.'.rulnwL They took good care of their
trees, aad expected to continue in the
lusiness permanentl. while many others
were lured inter it by the fancy prices
end with the sole idea that in the fruit
business there was an easy fortune, ar.d
by these but little heed was given the
fundamental principles governing success
ful orcharding. When the demand for
Oregon fruit ceased, these were the first
orrhards to be neglected and to go Into
decline
California soon began t& grow the same
varieties of fruits in sufficient quantities
turned the. attention of many to horti
culture as a business, and led many to
engage in it. It rapidly gained gigantic
proportions as a business, until there are
at the present time, at &. low estimate,
65,000 acres planted to trees and vines in
the state. As with all other new ventures..
there was much to learn, and there have
been periods of elation on the part of
some of the Investors, as hopes were In
flated by exorbitant returns received for
fruit, or depression, as facts were brought
to their minds which convinced them they
had launched out Into a business that de
manded more of their time for careful
study of Its different phases than they had
anticipated. Some who engaged in this
Industry had no idea whatever of the fruit
business or Its requirements, and even
after the trees were planted did not in
form themselves upon the subject, but
waited in sublime conflnce for a mag
nificent leturn from their investment,
utterly ignoring the requirements of their
trees and the necessity of watching every
detail from the time the tree was planted
until the fruit reached the market.
The last seven or eight years have
wrought changes of the greatest import
ance to horticulture in this state. ' The
period of theoretical horticulture has
passed. It is ro longer expected that en
ormous profits can be realized without
giving thoughtful study to the subject. It
low heads and training the trees in what
is known as the goblet or vase forms pre
vails. The crowns are started from 18 to
36 inches above the ground. The square
system of planting is generally followed
here, the quincunx and triangular being
seldom used. Thorough cultivation of the
orchard is begun in the spring, after the
rains have ceased, and continued through
the summer until the middle of August
or first of September, according to the
season and the nature of the soil. In some
instances crops of potatoes are grown
between the trees for the first year or
two. The cost of an orchard varies with
location, and the thoroughness with which
the work is done up to the time it reaches
bearing age. In this state the trees make
a vigorous growth and commence bearing
very young.
Much of the fruit raited in the state is
shipped in the green state, and it has won
an enviable reputation in the Eastern
markets. Our cherries and strawberries
have created surprise and admiration for
their fine flavor, beautiful color, and re
markable firmness and size, and are in
good demand in the Eastern markets.
Oregon strawberries drove the Illinois
berries out of the St. Paul market two
j years ago. excelling the latter in many
ways, our cnernes, certain varieties oi
is now looked upon in' the light of a sim- j Vlvms. and prunes, especially the Italian.
pie business proposition, with all seat;- " a. " ., !t '
mont cast aside, and Is run on scientific ' well and command good prices in the mar
principles, backed by the perseverance. , ts to the norta ana east. The straw--...
o.i i I., f tho iiM..fiii berries and raspberries are shipped in
r . ..!,.. j, ..ii.. I orat. pontainine 24 one-nound boxes. The
business man and enlightened horticultur
1st. The growing of certain kinds of fruit
is no lonr-er cxnerlmental. It has been
thoroughly demonstrated that they can be j
grown to a point of excellence equal it
not superior to any produced elsewhere.
This was proved to the satisfaction of all
at the Columbian exposition when Oregon
peaches are neatly wrapped in white
Taper, and packed "in 20-pound boxes.
Pears are also wrapped in white paper,
and packed tightly in 50-pound boxes.
Apples are selected and packed in lajers
In 50-pound boxes. Apricots and plums
are shinned most successfully In crates
was awarded 17 medals, more than any J containing four five-pound baskets. The
?u
furnace extending nearly
length of the chamber. From
this furnace extends a large
which Is brought back horizontally di
rectly over the furnace to the front part
of the. chamber, where it is connected by
elbows to two more pipes, which are re
turned, one on either side of the main
pipe, to the rear, where they are again
united in one pipe and passed into a chim
ney. These pipes furnish the heat for the
evaporator. To prevent the fruit from
cooking and create a rapid circulation of
hot air, cold air is admitted from the out
side through pipes extending into the
chamber and over the hot-air pipes. Ihe
furnace is fired from the outside. The
length of time the fruit is left in the evap
orator depends upon the variety of fruit
and its condition of ripeness. This year's
experience has demonstrated that the fin
est dried product is not cured in the short
est time. While much fruit was evap
orated in a few hours, some of the finest
prunes were cured as follows: French, 21
hours; Italian, 30 hours, and silver in 36
hours. After being taken from the evap
orator, the prunes of the different sizes
are put in separate bins and allowed to
go through a sweating process for tw o or
three weeks. By means of this sweating
process the prunes that were dried a little
too much absorb moisture from those that
were not dried so much. When taken
from the bins, the prunes have a beautiful
gloss. Very few of the growers here use
any solution to give their prunes a fine
appearance.
the entire and the orchards 4 years old 300 pounds to
the rear of ' the acre. From the above it may be seen L
iron pipe . that there will be at least ?120,000 paid out
for picking and curing prunes alone m
Oregon in 1S05.
SOIL AND CLIMATE.
peculiar Features of Various Sec
tioiiH of the State.
TH
SKID MORE FOUSTAIX.
other state in the "Union. Her fruits came
in direct competition with those of other
states and British Columbia, and perhaps
did more than any one thing to attract
the attention of Eastern people, and to in
duce comparisons with other exhibitors.
The awards were made on the points of
excellence, including flavor, texture, color
and size.
METHODS IN PRACTICE.
Most Desirable Wny of Groxvlnjr,
Curlnc and Marketing.
ORTICULTURAL. science has
made rapid strides forward In
the last 15 years, until now it
is ranked with the highest of
the "arts" or practical applica
tions of sciences, and includes
among its followers some of
the brightest minds in tlie
world, and calls into service
scientists of the highest rank.
A successful horticulturist of
the present day must understand to a
greater or less degree, practically at least,
the sciences of ciiemtstry. boiany and en
tomology. It is safe to say there is no
loR
)0M
fruit is layered in the baskets, with white
paper between each layer. Evaporated
prunes are packed in 25 and 50-pouad
boxes.
EVAPORATING FRUITS.
Some Interesting Particulars of Thii
New and Thrlvlnpr AVorlc.
VAPORATORS play a very im
portant part in preserving n
a dried state a large amount
of our fruits. Especially is
this true In regard to our
prunes. Oregon, unlike Cali
fornia, is not favored with
solar heat sufficient to cure
its fruit, and. as thers
wort nearly 19.000.COO pounds of
prunes to care for here the
past season, a large number of evaporat
ing plants are reqa'red. There are about
3b0 evaporators of different sizes and
styles in the state, valued at about $150,
000. The Italian and French prunes are
allowed to remain on the trees until thor
oughly ripe and are then removed b gen
tly shaking tne tree. If the season is
IS
MONEY IN FRUIT.
Subdivided Farms Yield Handsome
Returns Everywhere.
ORTUNE favored California
when the large tracts of land
on which wheat had been
growing for years were cut
up into small tracts and
planted to orchards. Instead
of broad fields of grain with
no object, except here and
there a tree or a lone house,
to relieve the monotony of the
view, there is now a forest of
small orchards, each with its
neat little cottage and out
buildings, showing thrift and prosperity
on all sides. Fortunate, we say, for in
stead of this large area of land belonging
to a few men, giving employment to but
few people, and bringing but small re
turns for the money invested, certain sec
tions are densely settled with a progres
sive people, and thousands of men, women
and children find employment in the or
chards, vineyards, drying grounds, can
neries and wineries; and schools, churches
and stores have been built. Where before
but a few thousand dollars were spent in
a neighborhood, hundreds of thousands
are now expended each year. A good
illustration of the benefit to a state in the
division of large bodies of land, that
brought but small returns to the owners
and gave employment to but few people,
is in Santa Clara county, California, the
famous prune county of the state. There
are In this county 31,112 acres In small
orchards, the average holding being 10
acres to each owner. Last year the ship
ments of green fruit amounted to 2264,175
pounds, and the shipments of dried fruit
amounted to 39,384,220 pounds, giving an
income of 56.000,000 to the growers. This
does not include the fruit put up for home
use or sold to tne local marKets, or tne
amount of money received for labor in the
canneries.
The plan of dividing large bodies of land
in Oregon into small tracts is perfectly
feasible, as there are hundreds of thou
sands of acres in the state adjacent o
the railroads that are perfectly adapted
to the growing of certain fruits. The
grcatesL portion of the fruit grown in the
above-named county in California consists
of prunes and plums, cherries, apple3.
grapes and peaches, all of which are at
home in Oregon. Already many large
tract3 of land have been cut up in this
state and planted to orchards and small
fruits. Near Salem and in Southern Ore
gon this has been done on quite an ex
tensive scale. At Mount Tabor, near Port
laud, hundreds of acres are planted to
small fruits, the returns from which give
a good living to many families. At Hood
River many families are supported from
their strawberries, and many more acres
have been planted ta strawberries and
HE soil and climatic conditions
of Oregon dilter greatly even
in the same general locality,
but there is a vast afftaunt of
land favorably situated for
the growing of fine fruits. It
would require too much space
in an article of this kind to
describe the soil of the differ
ent localities, but a. brief description is
given of some of the largest fruitgrowing
districts in the state, showing the natural
conditions and naming some of the varie
ties of fruit that are successfully grown.
The horticultural district of Southern
Oregon embraces the counties of Douglas,
Josephine, Jackson, Klamath. Lake, Coos
and Curry. Of these, Jackson, Josephine
and Douglas are the chief fruitgrowing
counties. Rogue river valley is the mosj
famous fruitgrowing district in Jackson
county, although there are other smaller
valleys that are rapidly becoming known
as good fruit sections. The soil varies
greatly In this county. Along the river
and cxeek bottoms it is generally a rich
loam, containing considerable sand. The
soil of the bench lands is mostly decom
posed granite, and seems to be the home
of the peach. The soil of the hills is a
loose, deep, red soil, heavily charged with
A Few Rea.son for Enconrn
for the Industry.
REGON'S future in horticulture
cannot be accurately foretold
at the present time, but there
are many important things in
favorof its rapid advancement
which should not be" over-
n. iookcu. uniet among tnese are
vi tVi fnti hut it Vins nrnvon tn
ties of fruit can be produced
here that are equal, if not
superior, to any produced elsewhere,
and that the area of country suit
able for the growing of these fruits is
practically unlimited. It has also been
clearly demonstrated that a family can
make a good living from a comparatively
few acres, and this fact ought to encour
age many to engage in this business. An-
Othpr imnnrtant friof is tVint rannv "TCnif-
j crn and foreign people are turning their
attention to fruitgrowing in this state as
a profitable investment. Confidence in
this as a paying busitess is shown by the
fact that many who have found wheat
xaising unprofitable are gradually turning
to the orchard business. The fruitgrow
ers here only attempt to grow the varie
ties of fruit that are especially adapted
to their particular locality. No attempt is
made in this article to show the net profits
derived from an acre of orchard. That
varies according to circumstances, but
pays a larger per cent on the money in
vested than almost any other industry.
A great advantage that Oregon has over
California is that its chief city is the
terminus of five great railroads instead of
one, and the fact that we are much nearer
a great section of country that produces
no fruit and must look elsewhere for it.s
supply.
HONEYMAN, DE HART & CO.
The Leading: Wholesale and Import
ing; Hardware Home in the
Northwest.
There is no better evidence of the solid
and steady growth cf the 'Northwest than
the fact that Portland holds within her
precincts a hardware importing house,
which leads older S.sn Francisco houses
a hard race in supplying the states sur
rounding Oregon with the commodities in
which it deals. Reference is made to the
progressive firm of Honeyman, DeHart &
Co., whose immense establishment is lo
cated at First and Ash streets.
Able management In the firm's affairs
from the time it started, in the early '40s,
HER ENTRANCE
into society, and womanhood as weH, is
an extremely critical period in every girl's
life At this time sne needs advice, and,
what's more help of the right sort. If she
puts her faith in Dr. Pierce's Favorite Pre
scriotion it can bring only good results.
It's'a medicine that's made especially to
build up women's strength and cure wo
men's ailments an invigorating, restora
tive tonic, soothing cordial, and bracing
nervine ; purely vegetable, non-alcoholic,
and perfectly harmless. For all the func
tional derangements, painful disorders, and
chronic weaknesses that amict womankind,
the "Favorite Prescription " is specific.
TERRIBLE PAIN AND FAINTING SPELLS.
fechRnlCsrurgh. Cumberland Co.. fe
Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y. : Dear Sir
wnen I cotnmsncea iaK
ing your medicine I was
very sickly. I had fre
quent spells of fainting,
terrible pain ia my head,
and life was a burden to
me. I was attended by
one of the best physi
ciaus in our town, out
with no good results. At
last a neighbor advised
me to try Dr. Pierce's
Favorite Prescription,
which I did. and after
taking one bottle I felt
greatly benefited. I
would advise all ladies
similarlv afflicted to try
"Favorite Prescription."
'i Mrs'. SAMUEL A. JACOBS.
A book of i6S pages, entitled "Woman
and Her Diseases," sent scaled in plain
envelope for io cents in stamps to pay
postage. Address Dr. Pierce as above.
RS. JACOB3.
' ii BRBbhIPI
Coughs,
Croup, Influenza, and
Bronchitis,
use
CHERRY PECTORAL
the hest
of all anodyne
expectorants.
Prompt to act,
-lire
THIRD ASD WASHISGTOX STREETS. PORTLAND.
iron. These hill lands produce apples of
high color and fine flavor. Some of the
best-known varieties of freestone and
clingstone peaches grow to perfection
here. Grapes of both the foreign and na
tive varieties do remarkably well. All of
the best varieties of apples grow to per
fection and are of excellent flavor and
beautiful color. Prunes of all kinds do
well. Pears, cherries. French and black
walnuts ard almonds thrive and produce
well here. Favored as it is with the right
climate and soil conditions, Jackson coun
ty produces sume varieties of fruit which
are second to none.
The soils, rainfall and temperature of
Josephine county do not differ materially
from Jackson county, and most of the
same varieties of fruit do well. The same
conditions exist In Douglas as in the for
mer counties, with the exception that the
summers are not quite c warm and the
nreciDitatlon Is somewhat greater. Ap-
n!es. nears. nrunes. cherries and small
has had the effect of steady gain, and
year by year the business has grown ai.J
prospered.
Every conceivable description of hard
ware is carried by this house, including
the celebrated Sheffield cutlery, Peter
"Wright anvils and forges, Henry Dios
ton's saws, the finest grades of mechan
ics tools, shovels, rakes, wheelbarrow,
refrigerators, aluminum goods, etc. One
entire floor of the immense warehouse is
devoted to the display of builders' hard
ware. So complete is the system of this firm
that it was recently the remark of a trav
eling representative of one of Chicago s
leading hardware concerns that "what
could not be found at a moment's notice
in Honeyman. DeHart & Co.'s sample
rooms, it would be useless to look for In
any nardware house in the country- The
success of the firm is largely due to a
thorough knowledge of the art of buying.
To this portion of the business ilr. De-
No More Back AcHi
1 ilrwiLrG
CZFizr
YS3
CJ0N5TIPAT10N.
-WUWATlONa BLADDER
S ALL KIDNEY DISEASES . S
ut-?.h
fruits do remarkably welL Peaches do Hart devotes his entire attention. In Im
A SKIN OF BEAUTY In A. JOY FOREVER
A. iH. T. TELIX (.OURAlD'B OttlKNTAI,
CHEA5I or MAGICAI. BfrAX'TlFIEK removes
Tan, PJmples. Kreckln, 1 o:n Piche. Kmsh unrt
s-kln DUeasM n cl every blemish on brtia'y Rtd
dejies deletion on 8 vie
tues. Ji hs stood the les:
of 40 years, aua
pjtso narir.iwo
r5 2 taste It to bs nro
' mat :i is projjenj
'I made. Acoptno
countcrfeito; sim
ilar name. r. I
A Sayrtaid to a
ltdy of tu nu
too. a patient;
rou icuiM
Trill use them 1
I recommend 'Qoa
raad's t,ream"a
the lr. harmful
of all tho skin
r - lif - preparation"
i'or sale by all dmcglsu ana rancy goo l(ralrri
lit tlio U. h., Canadas and Lurope. On" bottie will
lost six months, usins it everyday. Also Foudrta
Bubtiie removes-superfluoiiH balr -n Ithont injury to
the utiu. FEUI. r. HOPKINS. Prop.. 37 t.reas
Jones sU.Vew orfe. .Beware of ba.e lroltalloas.
S1009 ward lor arrest asdroofof aarono sell
tnx tlie same
O S CJ -- -IT .
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