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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 1, 1878)
THE WEST SHORE. 77 January. LOCOMOTIVE SET UP IN THREE HOl'Ilrv The days of deliberate anil long considered labor are departing ami the substitute is work at lightning speed. The most remarkable feat on record in connection with locomotive build ing has been performed at the shops of the Michigan Central railroad at dackson, Mich., where, it iB alleged, two new engines were com TREES AND RAINFALL his delusive notions of the necessities of oMH zation, and his supreme selfishness, the forests On page To of this issue will be found the have been felled, the streams have disappeared, preceding artiele of this series, which we take the springs are dry. the summer rains no longer f., n. ir- i c .- n 111 to refresh the laud, the native people have trom the MmtM ana SttttUiMe rrrss.' . ... ! , ' , f .1 become entirely extinct, and most of the the wiSTtR ftAlKS, country uiicultivatable, a parched and Of the Pacific coast need but little attention in wretched region where tin- few dwellers inain- this connection. They usually tall in ample V"n "P" ,OTW tuw Moni mmutes less than three hours from the moment J aiul e'lual iu amount those of most fmiu mA grains as can be produced by the the naked boilers were hauled into the shop. fertile countries. The rain winds of winter scanty winter rains and from an insignificant Thursday evening, November loth, there stood come from the southwest; a warm ocean wind, amount of irngation. To look a state baa the in the Michigan Central yard at dackson two . Mturattftl with ,,,;,,,, m, :1, A ,;..(, tmiwr!kUm. Mhn ."f ,n" Um.x r'''1!uv'i ,1C wt of south- locomotive boilers, complete in all respect. . 0 1 oru l alitorma. Not onlv has the coast DMO upon trucks, while within the shops were the and carrying three times more water than the rmnta,i. but also the country away book among levers, the valves, the cylinders, the con- ! summer winds, Being winter in the northern , the mountains aud valleys of the interior. For uainiauuDTB 1111' linn , mnon oooier i an in -air. ;u i e on nasv aim omci oum-r. ecn summer, much cooler than the southwest wind. VI years ago were never failing streams and and as that wind sweeps over the mountain it water for irrigation, and which were noted for is cooled below its dew noiut and nart of its ura7.mii. a change has taken nlaee. The bunch moisture falls as rain. This is the case an- grass which once covered the hills, no longer necttug rods, the bolts, the nuts, the wheels, the frames and all the other pieces of ma chinery required to construct two perfect locomotives, all finished and ready for use, but not one of which had ever been litted to its neighbor or subjected to any test or measure ment other than those applied to every similar niece before being pronounced good and tit for Lrvi.. A uotk'c was civen tint tliee part were going to le combined in two harmonious wholea.and that those persons who desired to see a locomotive put together in the shortest pos sible time were invited to be present on Frijlay morning. . At aoven o'clock to the minute the shop doors were opened, the boilers hauled in and the two gangs of U men each sprang to their work. The spectators, numbering alnuit '.100 men, stood far enough away not to interfere w ith the work ,.r. nml til.- (-oiliest went on. The jacks were applied, the huge boilers were raised ami bolted on their frames, then they wore placed on their wheels with an pos sible cxpeditiou, while simultaneously work was progressing on every portion of the ma chines, which were rapidly assuming perfect form. Water was lot into the boilers, ami even while the men were working at the grates the tires wore kindled and tho "infants" began to warm up for their work. All this time not an unnecessary word was Bpoken and every man worked as though his very existence bung upon the uninterrupted prosecution and Bpeedy com pletion of his task. Oreat drop" of sweat gathered on their heated faces and trickled down in streams; but no thought of rest sug gested itself to a man, and a feeling of anxious pride pervaded all alike, workmen, shnpniatos, officers and spectators. At last one of them is ready for the smoke-stack, aud is polled along the track until bIio stops lnmeath tho one de signed for her, which hangs above her. A few momenta more and the last screw is turned, the last bolt is fastened, the engineer stands 111 his place, and in just two hours aud iifty-tive nun fmm tlm time the siirnal to commence was ..; tk. ttirntili. is milled and the first of the twins moves off completed, followed a momentlater by her mate, amid the cheers of all who have been fortunate enough to witness the most wonderful feat ever Known in me w toryof locomotive building. f .a;.fUpinr this extraordinary achieve mfnt. must not be forgotten that the most .-.I..Pfl f..Atnm of the whole, is that DO mis . ..( bi,l una mada. and that every portion was so perfect that tnere was delay of a second in lltting or adjusting. We read also that at the Pennsylvania rail road shops, upper and lower, at Altoona employ 3,000 hands. With the facilities at hand an eight-wheeled hopper-bottom ear can be con structed in an hour, and recently 118 01 tins class were turned out in a week of toil hours a day. An eight-wheeled box-car can be made in nine hours, including one coat of paint, ami 4 passenger car can be built two days. . A Oak Governor. -Iron says: The constant variation in the pressure of gas acts prejmli cially in several ways; in addition to the tronM of having frequently to regulate the t lam oat the burners, a large amount of gas posses UUOUgh them unconsumod, whereby the quality at illuminating power of the light is impaired a d the atmosphere of the room made unhealth . besides causing the meter to work irregular . A simple governor, called the Imperial Beg fator, which may lie screwed on to any meftt, has ben especially designed to equals the BOW . ' ... - Inil te t hi abivc named ol gas, ami so iiui, " , , diSkultic.. U governs the PW (0 ,o perfectly, that the eocm a " "VT 5 be turno.1 fill on Wb the ga h UgW. not requiring MJ !?? "?l"5!fLSj whether olie lg t nr oil lie 111 "Re, u. )..-., v light with foil eve,, M is n,ar,,t,e,l. - wving of from 1.1 , to 20 , l ellectcl. (i,.rE FOR P0LI.IIK., STKI.-Tta T-rk. gloc dbOOodl n,l other jewel, to ting, with n mixture mle w , tivo or MU of pm mute ij; m Minueh mWti of me " S- to e "ler it UqlC In .nother Mjd dffih.ta bSSl M mO, kMM 1'rev.ou- y nHMd la w.ter, m 01 mSu " phhl of .tnng glue, tddlag two ,, 1 l gum mmoolM, whl m J J" nuallv, and all parts of the State receive the iiaptisin ot water, win tner nakett or wooileil The amount of forest, however, has a great in tluence upon tho amount of Moid rainfall; tin Colorado desert and wusteru Arizona receiving jrows there at all, and even the half-starved sheep can scarcely tind water enough to drink. The Santa Clara river of VentoU county and Posa creek, and the springs which teed them, UV ilt.e.1 tin and KvinlJUY " ibout thrte inches; tho vicinitv of Sail and lakes of the Sierra Ncada and the Sierra Diego, 10 Inehetl Ban Francisco. 81 inclus; I Madrc, which, not so very long ago, were over Humboldt bay, M inches: while the forested I flowing with water, are now either totally dry Tins wnpnt nerfejtlv resists moisture, and it is mm STCrUSto -uiile etlectivelytwo surface, ol polished steel. Sack PiMto.-A Horft 0m W ,ut m th.t corn ud r&Zg, ully DtmaM fr"'n rot""g. "1 """" " M hour., and then l well Wmhti in fresh ter and carefully dried. Rtmu ta.Un.-1l - .TX'to KM,o. BDSiUMNU. VIEWS Of THI BOCIKTY ISLANDS. ... j .u. ;. I. .!. tf tnm tt m nmMy wprill.l The time ml , , , ,' , ,(..,.., ,.,, Hweu.Hke. .Mono ,ne. .-! mmm ' . (oWtodxlMtofj .tr ,.,,, th', l.k of l-uuinint nl l. tl. vnll-y.. .... Urge . OMt of the 1'ae,,,,: rre an, - ... . --- ; ,,w'hlB,, .. .HI. U llf II. II IHH M'IN.-illlM HI n. . i Colorado river turned into the desert, it would all be evaporated from a lake of 688 souare miles of surface. At a few hundred feet from u interior river, its iiifbn tuv in raising the average humidity is not perceptible, M quickly is we vapor Owtaea into Ml surrounuing air. THE BOCIKTY ISLANDS, The group of the Society tllftttdl lies in the South Pacific ocean (lat. lli IS' B Ion. US' IBS Yf)t and is formed of two cluster, of islands, one of w hich lies altoiit 70 miles north west ol the other. They were formerly, and by .ionic geographers still are. distinguished by the separate designations of the Society islands prapeTi and the Tahiti or Oeorgiau islands. i (; i. ' i mn uiHMr sm riwon nroieeioraie and the former art indepi'iident The French islands have an area of 4X square miles and a population of about 14,000, of whom 1,000 are immigrants, 400 soldiers and 000 foreign roai ticuts. The independent islands have an area of BIS square miles and a population ot alxnit 1 , 000. Wooi.i. Mom:. Advocates of incouvert able luper currency may perhaps derive some satisfaction and encouragement from the fact that from the reign of Henry 1. down to the K'nod ol the esMi'lislinii'iit ot the Ilauk ol r.tig and the legal tender inonev of England was fabricated out of wood. This instrument was called an evehaiige tallv, ami by virtue of it the holder was entitled to receive from the frown the value inscribed thereon. It really consisted of one-half of a four-sided rod or sbitf, on which, when in its entire state, the sum it pUrportM to represent was carved in trans verse notches, varying in width for thousands, hundreds, scores, pounds, shillings and pence. 1 liese signs were lor tlie unlearned; lor tlie ad vantage of those who could read, the sum was written in ink on two opposite sides of the staff, and, finally, with a knife and mallet the stall' itself was split in two, longitudinally. One-half, called the tally or cheek, was given to the person for whose service it was intended; the Ower half, called the counter tally, was laid up in sale, keeping until its corresponding tally should be brought in by the person who had last given value for it. Its intrinsic value was, of course, only that of the wood of which it was composed, but hy representation it de noted large sums. It was n current token of real money, ami served actually to distribute it from man to man by exchange. From this primitive tally em derived the a xeheoeef bill, lirat introduced in IlilHi, by Mr. Montague, then Chancellor of the Exchequer. The won) " Hill," too, was no doubt obtained from the Noriniui Freiieb word, MUa, which means a staff. Hank iost bills and bills of exchange in our own day came fmm the same wooden base, and soldiers are said at this hour to bo "bil leted," because formerly they tendered wooden "billies" or tallies to the victualler uton whom they were quartered. In olden times offioen of tho armv were taken into tho king's own pay, were said to be out on the staff, that is they were paid with Exchequer tallica, or wiMnlen money. - WmA Trmfr Journal. Hkkh and (lltAi'KM. A corresxmdeiit of the Ijuioaster IWmOT says: Holding the broad charges that honey beos pierced grape skins, we liegati a close investigation of the question, lasting through a series of days. On the graies f a vine growing in OUT yard hundreds of line were literally swarming, their home I , in a neighbor! yard, not 'JO paces distant. We sat liniir after hour watching closely thu proceed ings of thu industrious insects. There was not a single raeemu on the whole vine but wiu visited by doteni of btee, who examined evety grape m it in seaivhof ft bunted one ffhoM juiees were accessible, After a most careful search ami finding liulie nin h, they would U u- mediately leave and continue their search else Vbere, until the berry they desired M found. On all the defective fruit i lusters lieefl were gmthered, but WO failed utterly in detecting in a Jngbj loiteAOf anything like an attempt at li mg In tear open a erVct berry; their inves tigations w ere hasty but thorough and when the desired spin) was ml found m tunc was Wetted in useless delay. There can Im no mis take about thin mutter; our observations were careful and prolonged and must certainly have resulted in detecting the harm complained of had any I men doUO. That none was done we are poiutively certain, and we feel that these hard workers deserve a i."'d word in return for the odium cast upon them by theorist and tdess obeervere, r,U iticuUrly in hilly "" Si WW Vouhl l exm n-jv. ,fcftj ?..u ..-..nt of than" curvatures. A rowi m ,h". ,.U hHTtaS BnAVtRfl BOAf, To obtain a gmsl soan for having, says the frrwpji! i'irruUir, is by no iiieiuiH always easy. Hie great iiesiuoraunii m i. have a soap that makes readily a rich lather which is slow to dry and that does not requite remoiiy of calling tor hot water. 1 lie 100 fOtUOnt for use are ill the shaH of potto, B0 that a little may Iht Uken on tlm linger and rublied over the lTard, then the hni.li finishes the process of preparation for the razor If we take the following nigredieut. and coin- iillld them all excellent soap 1. prmliieed that aves nothing further in this re.pcet to ! ttaftlredi 1'ake wbrta ooepi four oeneeei inorwnv OOtL one-half OttttOO) olive oil, nim-half 00000. Melt then tofthor ami xlir until nearly OOld Boent ilh inch Oil. a may le liu-t agreeablt). Another noap may mailii hy uauig wnite wax, .tt:rniaeeti and almond oil, of each, one iptarUr mince Melt and, liefore eisiling, rub in two cakes of Windsor soap, which have pre viously leen reduced t a jwU, with a small quantity of rose water. This last, prolwhly, is not unlike a MpOflot shaving soap that haa long lieen in use, and is known a. " Kypha gou" soap, atirst rate thing with a very wonder ful name. A, 000OO1T-B of tlm National Aaaoeiatton of Oeneral B-UWBff Paawmg. r Agent., at a meet ing at Chicago, have reported in favor of ll. eiintiiiuing all eicitnuoii r.te. and ticketa at all waaon. of the year. Tiir. Kuaaiaii Minuter of Fiuaiw e haa notinod l.ii 00 li tract. r. that he haa detenumed not te rvceiv. Ut second in.Ullmmit of the war loan, MlDlllltllll t'l I.Via.l.lHOiiark., an option f rt- ideiTf prc-penty. 'thehea.! Sea. Were Hi entire dow of the fusing which he had reaervau. i ,v. r . ,rt,oii oi tn. nn in.. .. -I-"- , U-ing eonveru-l l.y -' " biM n ,.., ,.. the ML for when ,1 ,"lleU reg eui, . r, l,o,.. ,," will Ik- I I t- I m 1 r..,lv the evil. Sin .11 urove. of tree. ,r, . ! ,. HOT0IY or CAUtnMU : i; , n,., the water in the well, inu.t bl weight . . t .u ..! it. tj..ti- ,leeK,r. tlie artein well, H.-w lew, the wiut-m ..Sr Vrl h.v'ele...n,hut little . f.,1. JIM the I . ' . , , nU f 10. vnv.ee kloinr the MMI T Ml great rn er ,e-o. .re narrative hy . " ' , th. the Mtaiel eeii through wluel. .mall l,r,,k. ,lo not now .r eo-t, it "2'Jrtjrrl were : run, an.l the climate ,.u,mr u,.m ll,..l,rU ,h.Und.of m mm fgrgjg? average f.-ratn,e of l U, ,h.n , enly ptj " .IU ng 14 . -,u.l U, that of the great S.l,a, .,! coveml with tree, an.l enlure. an.l .lun0,ng hotter thu, th.t of l.olia. !' an.l the hi r, ......... ,,trv Ke-t ,a. lie eni.,raln, oi wiutnen, anil fMhe.1 mr eutr. - - central California i miner e,,uali oue iuart.r v,.,u-l for S,tS" ,; tlr. i of an inch , M hour. Th. annuj ......rafon irtf" t T o, ,h. wmU ..noun. . H .c,,.. or u, ..... of white man, with hii false position.
