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About The west shore. (Portland, Or.) 1875-1891 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 1, 1878)
78 THE WEST SHORE Jan uary THE DOMINO MAN. A jiair of ter chubby Itfri, Ki mined in near let bono; A pair jI llttli; stubby boots, with raUtarfoabUul u.-; A little kilt, u Utile coat. Cut us a mother can Ami to ! Mn uh strides, In Ute, ITie future "criming nun," Kin mm t-n haiict- will raid Ull sUrs, Ami Mjarcli their unknown way; IVrriiiuice the human heart mill soul Will OpMI to their pw) Perchance their ken, itmj fUrliiiifr (rlurice Will he a nation's ngbl Tli-we eye, that now uru wintfiil bent (in MM "M fellow' kite. That hrow, where mighty taMffhttwlU dvttl In Holcinii, Hecrct stale, Where fierce Ambition' ri-stlni itrenjfth Hluill war with future fate; Where laUltM from now hidden caves New treasure tdmlJ OUtOQUr Tin knit now, with a troubled doubt, Are two, or three cent, moreY TIiom liirt that. In mating ytan, Will ': ui or pray, or teach; Wlcrw wbiieri.il wonN. on luhluirn; it ih, Tliat sternly grave, DUU xih-mk cumiiiaiiti Or, Hinlllni;, win control Are eoasiun now for winder bread WlthalUloby-aauulI ' Tiikbc hiunU- those little biny hand - No Hticky, ami.ll anil brown; Those, biiiidn, wh'Me only iniwxiuti aceuis To tear all order down Who known what hidden strength may Ik- Within their chubby gm-.i. I f -1 1 now Tin but i UrTy-atltk In aiurd) 1 1 .1 I thej clwii'f Ah, bltSflrifl on UiOM little bandit, Wbowe work is not undone ' AikI hleiHlntfn on It- - - - little ftwt, Whose race I yet unruu ' And bk-siiign on the little brain That hat not learned to lal1 ' What e'er the Kuture holds in more, I blew thu " Mmlng rnuti I" OkkStU Journal. WOMKN'S CLUIIS. We notice that Srriliw'K SfftfffUhtt hit a good w uril for tuoh organizations: Wher ever there may bo women who have leisure that hangs heavily upon their hands, or round of tasteless OOUrtetdea to BO UuOHU with: when ever then may lie women whotO minds in itarviug, while they execute the routine of housekeeping duties, than will be round Uu nttterirJe for raoh a alub m thin. They would be better daughters, wives, ami mothers, for the eultunt tliat would Iw won by audi a club, ami In- saved Nit i In Mi 111 vi-imiiiuf for no innu libh career that seems to lo moving ho many women nab at the present time. Lib is good end duty to good, if we only give thorn flavor. Porridge without salt may b nutri tious, but It U not palatable. Thi greet want of the clover women wu are rearing in such numbers, is not H much a public career as a palatable, irivato one. A round Of hum drum household dtltion, or a round of fanhinnnhle courtesies within the rigid rulen of etiquette, beooraea tasteless to any woman. What better can ehe do for profit or lor pleasure than to nee on her life with society in tbe pursuit of knowledge? The great point is to get together and to bo- muh inter cetod together in Home region of knowledge or art, r exalted hiinuui concern. Life with men is active, exciting, exhausting. Tbeolub Ufe Of men in very rarely intellectual, and very rarely in any way elevat'ing. Much of it debuses and curses with its eating ami drink ing ami its Hellish separation from the family life. A woman's club should always Isj an ad dition to tbe family life, and so transform a home into a temple. There are many women in the world Who wllh they Wen men. There is not one man who wishes bo were a woman. The ibnple neeon is that woman has not yet leerued bow to give flavor to her life. We do not believe that Ood baa made the lot of tbe sexes Unequal When woman shall make the .est and most of her life, she will spend no time in wishing for a coarser nature ami a rougher hit than her own. It her avail her self of the means at her hand for making her life interesting, ami the work will be done. That she may then OOttqUOT the realm that legitimately is horn, we put the duh in her hand ami beg her to use it. ROAST PIQ, Jtoast pig, My Claim Prenoie. In the Pmkk rnrewr, t Iw nice, ihould not be less than three, or inure than six weeks old, and should weigh from eight to fourteen s.nmls. Wash it thoroughly with soda ami water, then rinse u in salt and water, and finally in clear water; Wipe dry inside and out, ami till with a dressing rnaoe of boiled potrtoea nuahed unothly, and beaten until light with the addition of agoner ons puce of butter, two aggt half a chopped ow powdered rage, pepptr and rait to taatej ituff thu pig into nioo oomfortablt hape,Beei up, and skewer firmly; the tore feet Wilt k-uk WaiQi and the hind feet forward; dimt with flour, and put it in the dripping with ;i verv little Isuling water. Ikvste often with a little "butter ami saltwater and the drippings; when it In-gins to brown rub it very often w ith a lump of butter tioel iu a piece of cloth, This will make the skin crisp and tender. Oook from tWO to three lioun aivonliug to the sue; when done, set it for live minutes in a cold place, then garnish it with curbs! iwnh.y and sliced lemon. lit a slice of lemon, or a small boquet of ll.-weni in the mouth, a garland of mlev round the neck, and trim tin- edge of the platter ith plenty of pan ley ami leUQtt, Turn the shipping (nn the nan, leaving only a little; thicken this with a little flour; let it brown, then add w,!ter. wine lemon puce and ull and (K-pper to taste; let boU until it thickens and strain it Into a grvy Iswrt. Always servo frtwh made, aimlo-muc with hvut pig. lum, W'isk reporu favorably ou his otlicial explorations of it.. Isthmus of Ihuicn, with the VieW to the project of an intcr-tHfanic canal. Il' ItelievtM that it could lw mMi ewdv exe cuhxl dinvtlv from tho valloys of th Tupuut and Tiatl to tU (iulf of I'rahjk'aud would not n m Li t any locks. HOW OIL CLOTH IH MADE. The I'olifttemic Htv'trw has been looking into the manufacture of oil cloth, and from the results of its investigations we take a general description of the process, which we believe will be interesting to all readers: The oil cloth, bo called, as used fur floor covering, consists of strong jute cloth, ("burlap") covered with min eral colors grouud in oil. The burlaps weigh from II ounces to 2 ounces per square yard. Their open texture must be filled up, and a smooth, heavy ground color put on before the reception of the pattern. For beet quality goods, from six to eight coats of ochre and whiting, ground in linseed oil, are applied, Tho cloth tor third quality goods is "starched" with aglue size as a priming coat, receiving afterward sev eral cootH of oil color. The "painting machine" is primitive in construction, but rapid and eflcetual in oieration; it is used for cither Htarching or grounding with oil. The TiO-yard roll is attached by hooks to the base of a wooden triangle, ami a rope attached to tho apex of the triangle drags the roll through the painter and aionj a urm rack. 1 liu paint U applied eiw a dipper! and is spread by the cloth passing l)etween an oil cloth cushion and a steel knife edge, slanting in tbe direction of motion. Fifty lineal yards a minute can lie printed; in ail from 8,00t to I0.OOU yards in the various grades are daily printed in the whole establishment. After each of the first four coats of oil color, the goods must be "Hhaved," as the fibers of burlap make the surface somewhat fuzzy and uneven. The "shaving" machine has a table over which the cloth is passed, lightly stretched, while two bars, each bearing two pumice Btone "bricks" (or more according to width), scrub the surface with a longitudinal and traversing motion, imitating hand-scrubbing. The pumice stone rubbing gives a tine, even surface; and after the last ground coat, the pattern or color blocks may be applied. The blocks emiiloveil in print ing are similar to those used in wall-paper priming. Doing maple iilodis, one cut lor eacn color. These blocks are either in peg-work, line-work or rule work. The first aro made by Hawing the blookl lengthwise anil crosswise witu a circular huw Heaving square (HJgs pro. jcctuig), and then cutting away those portions not intended to print. The line work has its design in parallel lines only. The brass orcopper hiilkh n;nt: nn uemn iraeen in the i at block. and then sharp brass rules driven into tho re quired outlines. reg'WOrk ih repaired by driv ing in cornier wire cut liuare at one end and harp at the other. Line-work is repaired by brass rules driven in. The felt tilling used between the ruloH of some wall-paper blookl is not hero employed, as preventing proper iin tUVerJon. For mat-work the block embrace one-fourth of the pattern, and must bo of such a character as to admit being turned to print successive corner quarters. After all tho single impressions nave oeen given, one block, ailed the ''meaner." which has no color annlied to it, and which has on it the whole pattern, is apjdied, ami given a strong impression. After uioLiiig, drying is in oriier. unit Hliouhl last at Bait Id days. The older nil cloth is. the better. us tho paint hardens. "Iirvers" iniuiiouslv affect the linseed oil; air drying is preferable, mil uie rtiiieri. an market cannot altonl it. In IMiglatul. a piece of oil cloth is freoilently nix mourns iu limning; nerc u is generally but Hi) lavs. The heat is graduated to IJUV 9.. mnnlno up from !K . Tho principal pigments employed are vermilion, drop black, Venetian red, Hienua, chrome yellows, white lead ami umbers. After printing and drying, varnishing is in order, copal varnishes habu snrinkled nn Mia mil nnd distributed by two vibrating arms, each bearing five soft brushes. The roll is handled by means I the triuinilo and drai; rone, and hiuil.nl through and into the drying racks. RavroBixa ink DnowimtfL-J Th New v Tritntrif dcscrilicH an instrument devise.) W Kl Woillez for resusci tiling aBphyxiated persons, mu parm-uiany uiose WOO have lieon in danger f death by drowninc:. is claimed to be niMrin to all other methods or appliances employed for such purposes. H consists of a sheet iron cyl inder, large enough to receive tho bod of an adult pereoa This cylinder is enclosed nt one end Wad the body of the patient inserted, feet foremost, at tho open end, up to the neck, around which a diaphragm is placed in such a umuw as to prevent air ironi entering the cyl inder. An sir pump is them set to work; the air is drawn off Iron the cylinders with tho re mit ui causing a partial vacuum, when the rUter air. bV IfcU VaiirhL forces Itaalf int.. 4 hi lungs through the mouth and nottrile, which are exposed to the external air; by an Opposite action of the pump the air is allowed to re enter the cylinder, and respiration is UmmIm imitated. A gloss plate inserted iu the cylin der enables the operator to watch the move- menu ni tne chest, wmon rises and taUi ai In life, with the alternate working of tile pump; these may Ik' repeated ftboul IS times a minute, an exact imitation of natural breathing is there- by effected. pAnnouTim Camfbou. Ld the jfanVj U TfarapUiqMt U, Boulai deeoribei the new arapnrntion known as oarbobUed oampbor, now beonmlng quite popular In Kuropean medical preotioe on aooount of Ita tendency to produce diminution of re-action after severe oik rations, cessation or amelioration of iiain and less abun dant suppuration. It is ina.le bv .lilvi.... r. grams of powdeted camphor iu one gram of car Uilicacid.a sidution of the slrenitlmf nine L-ma me gram of alcohol the anlnUna htna .j ... OMMUjinoUi, pale yellow, smelling slightly of camphor, but having none of the disagreeable oder of carbolic acid. It boils at a slightly ele vated temperature, without deoonpoouifc and also by tho Atldition of concentrated aJcohol, winch throwednwn the oarnnnor In crystals; sun ilarly if a boUittg aoluttou of oarbolatod eamuhor is (Hiurwl into cold w ater it instant lv ndiditie. It is imscible iu all nrvitortions with' niv n.l almond oils. (fluuMOM oxamuution shows that the oubnbfl acid and camnhor are not Jterd, and that they preserve all their prepcrtios in the solution. KKANt'K otters i.'HK1.0UO in nnmmn .t k.r Kxpositieu next year. MAKINf! MINERS' TOOLS. Mr. It, (ioldsworthy has been awarded a prize for the liest essay on mining machinery by an English society. We take from the essay the following hints. In the making of borers, the liest borer steel Bhould be used, which will be found the most economical in the end anil is fast superseding the iron bar with steeled end. These borers may be of less diameter and being more rigid will transmit the blow with greater force and are more easily carried auoui tne mine. They should be annealed at the etriking end to prevent flying and splitting. Foul blows ami irregular turning will do moie dam age to the tools than anything else, and this should be observed, that the fault may not be attributed to the smith, (food coal is also a necessary adjunct to the work of the smith and the making and keeping in repair of steel tools, hut;, coal no doubt injures the composition of the Bteel and its best qualities aro Bomewhat impaired. For Iwiring in very hard ground the bit may be tempered lo a straw color; lor mild ground, to a bright blue. If mallets are made from rolled bar iron, care must be taken that the eye is not punched with the grain but across it Fagotted iron bars are now mostly used and sold at the various manu factories, with scrap iron hammered to all si.es and for all uses. This iron will punch any way and the mallets never split or crack as when made in rolled iron, but solid cast-Bteel sledges, mallets, hammers, borers and picks, etc., are now easily procured and will be found the most economical in the long run, If pur chased of a good manufacturer and receiving fair usage they are exceedingly durable. It is not necessary to enumerate the many forms now in use, with their names, dimensions and weights; they are well known and need hut ordinary care to muko them, Let the eye be punched quite true, that the shaft may set square, and, it possible, tempered under a run ning stream of clean water. Tin' pick is the handiest tool the miner has. Made well, properly set and used with skill, there is no more valuable tool the miner can carry to his labors. Many forms have been used for various kinds of work and different character of ground, but the Cornish poll picks, as made for hard and soft ground respectively, are good tools for the metalliferous miner, with tho exception of tho eye, which might be im proved perhaps, by making it twice as deep, that it may obtain a (inner hold on the shaft. making it a strunger lever and prevent it from wincing, more compact nnd not liable to become loose. This can lie effected by purchasing the iron drawn from tbe hammer to form, leaving a thick lump for the eye. The molds might also lie forced into a die, having a drift fixed in same, and punch the eye nearly through, thus facilitating tho work of tho smith very much and the difference iu cost taking a gross of incus uirougn to tne nnisii anoiild not be leit. The picks and shafts would stand a crcat deal more wear and render strapping tne handles and numerous other devices for fixing tho samo unnecessary. Shovels should all lie ulated or hammered from best selected scrap iron, which process of mauufactnre alone will insure a good quality of iron, ami oeing steeled witn tne best steel, leaven nothing to be desired. TESTS OF QUALITY IN WATCHMAK ERS OIL. A long article on watchmakers' oils iH trlvtn in the German Watchmabtn? Journal, ft shows that evil effects follow the oxidation of the oil (or rancidity) and gives tests to detect this state. We mioto a few noints: Thn , i u . of tasto and smell aro iiiBUtncient to ascertain wiiat degree of inclination an oil has to become rancid, or even to indicate at once when it has actually Iwcome so. J lie following method will answer this purpose: Tour the oil in a bottle, logemer Willi an equal quantity of water, in which soila (carbonic natrium) has been dis Bolved; then shake it violently and let the mix ture stand for some hours. If the two liquids separate perfectly, particularly under a higher MHiqiununrc, iiisaprooi mat, tne oil is irue from acid. On the contrary if a whity substance shows itself between the two, it is certain that acid is present. Another method is band on tho great sensibility of littnua paper in regard to acids. Litmus paper can be bought at the chemist s. Acids which have become free in au oil, m ill change blue litmus paper into violet or oven red, according to tho strength of it. Many think that the clearer an oil the better it is. I'his is a decided mistake. A bad color certainly indicates impurities, hut if colorless or yellow it is in this resiect immaterial. In fact, those very clear oils are generally the must aid to beoomc rancid, because the methods em ployed for the clcariiig process tend mostly to forward oxidation. To tt'st the fluidity of oils bv letting different sorts run off an inclined plane is also a doubtful experiment Not only are there oils so oor in body that they flow too freely, ami do not give the' required protection against friction, like tho sesame oil, but many other nhstades-Bcarcely nlwervable with the naked eve such as a slight uuevcnneea in the stirfico of the plane may Influence this trial. A far more reliable w ay of ascertaining the de sired degree of fluidity is to saturate a strip of blotting iiaper with the oil, and watch whether the drop. will fall off in pearls, or show an in OUnnttOn to spread out. The latter is a certain sign of a viscid oil. OoneOLATtOH ikum Statistics. "And it is really true that 1 shall recover?" asked a pa tient of his doctor. "Infallibly," answered tho man of medicine, taking from his pocket a paper full of figure. " Here, look at the sta tistics of yonr case; yon will Bad that one per cent of those attacked with your malady are cured." " Well?" said the sick man, in a du satisfied manner. " Well, you are tho hun dredth person with this disease that I have had under my care, and the first N are all dead." The amount of deiusita in the Rw4m k.l. of the United States is estimated at Jl BOO.. 000,000. ' HOW COLORS ABE SET IN ENAMEL To answer the above question, the Jtwtltr ami SUverirmith gained an interview with M. Piguet of New York city, who has lately introduced this art to this country. We quote a few para graphs: "When I first began hero I had to make my own enamel. You see, one must ba sure he has enamel, and not Home counterfeit material or other, called by that name, to deal with, or else he must surely fail. Having be come satisfied that my gold or other metal is covered with the genuine article I am ready to begiu. The material we use in painting anj made to unite with enamel alone, and ulti mately, as yon will see, form part of it. If We should lie deceived in onr enamel we cannot succeed. Well, we find that satisfactory. TheBe line powders which you see hero of dif ferent colors are what I use, after admixture properly upon my palette, for the paintings These powders are actually enamels themselves" and are obtained by the colormaker from that rnatenni, nnn nre nnncied to mc and I pulver lze and triturate them. Then I prepare them for use. Then I begin my work. I study the forms to be reproduced, and I faintly delineate them with the proper pigments " upon the smooth burface of the enamelB. Then having obtained this much I submit the material to the action of fire. Tho object of this is to burn the colors into the enamel, so that they become an integral part of the whole substance. This is a most delicate operation, requiring much ex perience and skill. Too much fire will ruin it and too little heat will be insuflicient to make tho colors natural and ineradicable. It is act ually painting by heat, for a certain degree of lire gives intensity to color or varies the shade affecting the tone and quality of the painting Then I reBume my pninting, filling in and giv ing shade and substance to tho object. Then fire has to be called into requisition once more, and as skillfully and delicately controlled u previously; one little mistake and alas! all our labor ia for naught But we rarely make any slips nowadays. Then come the final touches; the delicate lines. Then the final action of fire and you have this fine delicate portrait on the porcelain, wIiobo smooth surface, as yon rub your hand over It Bhows you that the colors aro a part of the whole surface." AUJITSTAIILE JotJIlNALS FOR CURVES. At a late meeting of mechanical engineers in England, Mr. H. W. Widmark described a new device which afforded a means for the lateral and radial motion of the axle of locomotives while running round curves in the road. The follow ing is a description of this design. Each pair of guides always cast in one piece, whether fixed to the main frameB of the engine or to cross frames is distinct from the other and is bored to a cylindrical surface, tho axis of which is in the same line as the spring pillar. An intermediate guide or lox, the outer Burface of which is turned so as to fit easily in the outer guide, can have a turning motion round its axis and also an up and down motion, as may be required by the elasticity of the springs or the roughness of the road. The axle-W has planed parallel aides and is free to slide in a direction which is rectilinear and horizontal but inclined to tbe axle of the wheels. The box at the opposite end of the axle is inclined in the opposite direction; bo that, when the wheels and axles deviate towards one side in conse quence of tho curvature of the road, the axle la simultaneously set in nn oblique position to the engine frame but radial to tho road, one end being' advanced in relation to the frame whilst the other is drawn back by the inclined form of the axle-boxes and the intermediate guides. Moreover, the axle-boxes aro free to turn round a horizontal axis, which is at right angles to these Bide planes. Thus cue axle-box may rise and the other fall in tho guides, as required by the state of the road. In the writer's design each nxle-box Bystem becomes a universal joint, for there is a vertical turning of tho inBidc guide in the outer one, a horizontal turning of the axle-box in the inner guide and also, of course, the turning of the axle-box round the axle; thuB there is no possibility of the axle becoming jammed in the guides. As in this design the axle-box travels in a direction which is recti linear, it is easy to arrange inclined plainB on the top of the box and corresponding inclined planes on a sliding piece which is held by the inner guide and takes the thraat of the Bpring. By this means an elasticity is given to the axle or a tendency to come back to a central posi tion when not coustrained by the curvature of the line. Old) Bails a.h Bkiim;e MATEitiAi..-We road in the Bailroad (inU that , ,.., .... old railB is suggested by two Austrian engi neers, who have published a book containing designs of bridges and other framework con Btruoted almost wholly from old rails, the con nections being sometimes made by means of other relied iron shapes and sometimes by bolts and nvits. At present prices, it is said that the structures of old rails are T, to 30 per cent cheacr than equivalent structures of ordinary forma. Holes in rails used for such purposes must be drilled and not punched, and thia in creases the expense somewhat, but it is claimed that the rails aro worth much more for such purposes than for re-rolling, and that they are very good ahapes for use in structures, when properly used. It dues not appear from what We see said of the Wok whether the authors have actually made auy bridges of old rails. Vasitv Kiti T.. ttiu t ! . ., - 1 correspoDdant writ.'H to ika i i i rm not think it ti generally known that rats and mii'i- ui .... ;.,.. . . ... .. - . - ..... ,i , uaoa mon, readily it a Piece of ,., L.h : . Jr .x 1 l . " Hwi iu any pari oi BM trap where they can see themselves. They are social little creatures, end where they see any of their In w tl,... IU. i . . Hll, go. i am quite sure Of the eflect the looking-glaai has, a. 1 r , "J nw lor a wuole WON Without loi.. . .. . , i , w vv" l,1e m uie depreus tor. m; l,ul ft, nrtl ni ht Jur . g a. ggljSMl "Ught two-one Very- U ud vice liu nude one or mora oruwDan."