THE WEST SHORE.
77
January.
LOCOMOTIVE SET UP IN THREE HOl'Ilrv
The days of deliberate anil long considered
labor are departing ami the substitute is work
at lightning speed. The most remarkable feat
on record in connection with locomotive build
ing has been performed at the shops of the
Michigan Central railroad at dackson, Mich.,
where, it iB alleged, two new engines were com
TREES AND RAINFALL
his delusive notions of the necessities of oMH
zation, and his supreme selfishness, the forests
On page To of this issue will be found the have been felled, the streams have disappeared,
preceding artiele of this series, which we take the springs are dry. the summer rains no longer
f., n. ir- i c .- n 111 to refresh the laud, the native people have
trom the MmtM ana SttttUiMe rrrss.' . ... ! , ' , f .1
become entirely extinct, and most of the
the wiSTtR ftAlKS, country uiicultivatable, a parched and
Of the Pacific coast need but little attention in wretched region where tin- few dwellers inain-
this connection. They usually tall in ample V"n "P" ,OTW tuw Moni
mmutes less than three hours from the moment J aiul e'lual iu amount those of most fmiu mA grains as can be produced by the
the naked boilers were hauled into the shop. fertile countries. The rain winds of winter scanty winter rains and from an insignificant
Thursday evening, November loth, there stood come from the southwest; a warm ocean wind, amount of irngation. To look a state baa the
in the Michigan Central yard at dackson two . Mturattftl with ,,,;,,,, m, :1, A ,;..(, tmiwr!kUm. Mhn ."f ,n" Um.x r'''1!uv'i ,1C wt of south-
locomotive boilers, complete in all respect. . 0 1 oru l alitorma. Not onlv has the coast DMO
upon trucks, while within the shops were the and carrying three times more water than the rmnta,i. but also the country away book among
levers, the valves, the cylinders, the con- ! summer winds, Being winter in the northern , the mountains aud valleys of the interior. For
uainiauuDTB 1111' linn , mnon oooier i an in -air. ;u i e on nasv aim omci oum-r. ecn
summer, much cooler than the southwest wind. VI years ago were never failing streams and
and as that wind sweeps over the mountain it water for irrigation, and which were noted for
is cooled below its dew noiut and nart of its ura7.mii. a change has taken nlaee. The bunch
moisture falls as rain. This is the case an- grass which once covered the hills, no longer
necttug rods, the bolts, the nuts, the wheels,
the frames and all the other pieces of ma
chinery required to construct two perfect
locomotives, all finished and ready for use, but
not one of which had ever been litted to its
neighbor or subjected to any test or measure
ment other than those applied to every similar
niece before being pronounced good and tit for
Lrvi.. A uotk'c was civen tint tliee part
were going to le combined in two harmonious
wholea.and that those persons who desired to see
a locomotive put together in the shortest pos
sible time were invited to be present on Frijlay
morning. .
At aoven o'clock to the minute the shop doors
were opened, the boilers hauled in and the two
gangs of U men each sprang to their work.
The spectators, numbering alnuit '.100 men, stood
far enough away not to interfere w ith the work
,.r. nml til.- (-oiliest went on.
The jacks were applied, the huge boilers
were raised ami bolted on their frames, then
they wore placed on their wheels with an pos
sible cxpeditiou, while simultaneously work
was progressing on every portion of the ma
chines, which were rapidly assuming perfect
form. Water was lot into the boilers, ami even
while the men were working at the grates the
tires wore kindled and tho "infants" began to
warm up for their work. All this time not an
unnecessary word was Bpoken and every man
worked as though his very existence bung upon
the uninterrupted prosecution and Bpeedy com
pletion of his task. Oreat drop" of sweat
gathered on their heated faces and trickled
down in streams; but no thought of rest sug
gested itself to a man, and a feeling of anxious
pride pervaded all alike, workmen, shnpniatos,
officers and spectators. At last one of them is
ready for the smoke-stack, aud is polled along
the track until bIio stops lnmeath tho one de
signed for her, which hangs above her. A few
momenta more and the last screw is turned, the
last bolt is fastened, the engineer stands 111 his
place, and in just two hours aud iifty-tive nun
fmm tlm time the siirnal to commence was
..; tk. ttirntili. is milled and the first
of the twins moves off completed, followed a
momentlater by her mate, amid the cheers of
all who have been fortunate enough to witness
the most wonderful feat ever Known in me w
toryof locomotive building.
f .a;.fUpinr this extraordinary achieve
mfnt. must not be forgotten that the most
.-.I..Pfl f..Atnm of the whole, is that DO mis
. ..( bi,l una mada. and that every
portion was so perfect that tnere was
delay of a second in lltting or adjusting.
We read also that at the Pennsylvania rail
road shops, upper and lower, at Altoona employ
3,000 hands. With the facilities at hand an
eight-wheeled hopper-bottom ear can be con
structed in an hour, and recently 118 01 tins
class were turned out in a week of toil hours a
day. An eight-wheeled box-car can be made
in nine hours, including one coat of paint, ami
4 passenger car can be built two days. .
A Oak Governor. -Iron says: The constant
variation in the pressure of gas acts prejmli
cially in several ways; in addition to the tronM
of having frequently to regulate the t lam oat
the burners, a large amount of gas posses UUOUgh
them unconsumod, whereby the quality at
illuminating power of the light is impaired a d
the atmosphere of the room made unhealth .
besides causing the meter to work irregular .
A simple governor, called the Imperial Beg
fator, which may lie screwed on to any meftt,
has ben especially designed to equals the BOW
. ' ... - Inil te t hi abivc named
ol gas, ami so iiui, " , ,
diSkultic.. U governs the PW (0
,o perfectly, that the eocm a " "VT 5
be turno.1 fill on Wb the ga h UgW. not
requiring MJ !?? "?l"5!fLSj
whether olie lg t nr oil lie 111 "Re, u. )..-., v
light with foil eve,, M is n,ar,,t,e,l. -
wving of from 1.1 , to 20 , l ellectcl.
(i,.rE FOR P0LI.IIK., STKI.-Tta T-rk. gloc
dbOOodl n,l other jewel, to
ting, with n mixture mle w ,
tivo or MU of pm mute ij;
m Minueh mWti of me "
S- to e "ler it UqlC In .nother Mjd
dffih.ta bSSl M mO, kMM 1'rev.ou- y
nHMd la w.ter, m 01 mSu "
phhl of .tnng glue, tddlag two ,, 1 l
gum mmoolM, whl m J J"
nuallv, and all parts of the State receive the
iiaptisin ot water, win tner nakett or wooileil
The amount of forest, however, has a great in
tluence upon tho amount of Moid rainfall; tin
Colorado desert and wusteru Arizona receiving
jrows there at all, and even the half-starved
sheep can scarcely tind water enough to drink.
The Santa Clara river of VentoU county and
Posa creek, and the springs which teed them,
UV ilt.e.1 tin and KvinlJUY "
ibout thrte inches; tho vicinitv of Sail and lakes of the Sierra Ncada and the Sierra
Diego, 10 Inehetl Ban Francisco. 81 inclus; I Madrc, which, not so very long ago, were over
Humboldt bay, M inches: while the forested I flowing with water, are now either totally dry
Tins
wnpnt nerfejtlv resists moisture, and it is mm
STCrUSto -uiile etlectivelytwo surface, ol
polished steel.
Sack PiMto.-A Horft 0m W
,ut m th.t corn ud r&Zg,
ully DtmaM fr"'n rot""g. "1 """" "
M hour., and then l well Wmhti in fresh
ter and carefully dried.
Rtmu ta.Un.-1l - .TX'to
KM,o.
BDSiUMNU.
VIEWS Of THI BOCIKTY ISLANDS.
... j .u. ;. I. .!. tf tnm tt m nmMy wprill.l The time ml
, , , ,' , ,(..,.., ,.,, Hweu.Hke. .Mono ,ne. .-! mmm '
. (oWtodxlMtofj .tr ,.,,, th', l.k of l-uuinint nl l. tl. vnll-y.. ....
Urge . OMt of the 1'ae,,,,: rre an, - ... . --- ; ,,w'hlB,,
.. .HI. U llf II. II IHH M'IN.-illlM HI n. . i
Colorado river turned into the desert, it would
all be evaporated from a lake of 688 souare miles
of surface. At a few hundred feet from u
interior river, its iiifbn tuv in raising the
average humidity is not perceptible, M quickly
is we vapor Owtaea into Ml surrounuing air.
THE BOCIKTY ISLANDS,
The group of the Society tllftttdl lies in the
South Pacific ocean (lat. lli IS' B Ion. US'
IBS Yf)t and is formed of two cluster, of
islands, one of w hich lies altoiit 70 miles north
west ol the other. They were formerly, and by
.ionic geographers still are. distinguished by the
separate designations of the Society islands
prapeTi and the Tahiti or Oeorgiau islands.
i (; i. ' i mn uiHMr sm riwon nroieeioraie
and the former art indepi'iident The French
islands have an area of 4X square miles and a
population of about 14,000, of whom 1,000 are
immigrants, 400 soldiers and 000 foreign roai
ticuts. The independent islands have an area
of BIS square miles and a population ot alxnit
1 , 000.
Wooi.i. Mom:. Advocates of incouvert
able luper currency may perhaps derive some
satisfaction and encouragement from the fact
that from the reign of Henry 1. down to the
K'nod ol the esMi'lislinii'iit ot the Ilauk ol r.tig
and the legal tender inonev of England was
fabricated out of wood. This instrument was
called an evehaiige tallv, ami by virtue of it
the holder was entitled to receive from the
frown the value inscribed thereon. It really
consisted of one-half of a four-sided rod or sbitf,
on which, when in its entire state, the sum it
pUrportM to represent was carved in trans
verse notches, varying in width for thousands,
hundreds, scores, pounds, shillings and pence.
1 liese signs were lor tlie unlearned; lor tlie ad
vantage of those who could read, the sum was
written in ink on two opposite sides of the
staff, and, finally, with a knife and mallet the
stall' itself was split in two, longitudinally.
One-half, called the tally or cheek, was given
to the person for whose service it was intended;
the Ower half, called the counter tally, was
laid up in sale, keeping until its corresponding
tally should be brought in by the person who
had last given value for it. Its intrinsic value
was, of course, only that of the wood of which
it was composed, but hy representation it de
noted large sums. It was n current token of
real money, ami served actually to distribute it
from man to man by exchange. From this
primitive tally em derived the a xeheoeef bill,
lirat introduced in IlilHi, by Mr. Montague,
then Chancellor of the Exchequer. The won)
" Hill," too, was no doubt obtained from the
Noriniui Freiieb word, MUa, which means a
staff. Hank iost bills and bills of exchange in
our own day came fmm the same wooden base,
and soldiers are said at this hour to bo "bil
leted," because formerly they tendered wooden
"billies" or tallies to the victualler uton
whom they were quartered. In olden times
offioen of tho armv were taken into tho king's
own pay, were said to be out on the staff, that
is they were paid with Exchequer tallica, or
wiMnlen money. - WmA Trmfr Journal.
Hkkh and (lltAi'KM. A corresxmdeiit of the
Ijuioaster IWmOT says: Holding the broad
charges that honey beos pierced grape skins,
we liegati a close investigation of the question,
lasting through a series of days. On the graies
f a vine growing in OUT yard hundreds of line
were literally swarming, their home I , in a
neighbor! yard, not 'JO paces distant. We sat
liniir after hour watching closely thu proceed
ings of thu industrious insects. There was not
a single raeemu on the whole vine but wiu
visited by doteni of btee, who examined evety
grape m it in seaivhof ft bunted one ffhoM
juiees were accessible, After a most careful
search ami finding liulie nin h, they would U u-
mediately leave and continue their search else
Vbere, until the berry they desired M found.
On all the defective fruit i lusters lieefl were
gmthered, but WO failed utterly in detecting in a
Jngbj loiteAOf anything like an attempt at
li mg In tear open a erVct berry; their inves
tigations w ere hasty but thorough and when
the desired spin) was ml found m tunc was
Wetted in useless delay. There can Im no mis
take about thin mutter; our observations were
careful and prolonged and must certainly have
resulted in detecting the harm complained of
had any I men doUO. That none was done we
are poiutively certain, and we feel that these
hard workers deserve a i."'d word in return for
the odium cast upon them by theorist and
tdess obeervere,
r,U iticuUrly in hilly ""
Si WW Vouhl l exm n-jv. ,fcftj
?..u ..-..nt of than" curvatures. A rowi
m ,h". ,.U hHTtaS
BnAVtRfl BOAf, To obtain a gmsl soan for
having, says the frrwpji! i'irruUir, is by no
iiieiuiH always easy. Hie great iiesiuoraunii m
i. have a soap that makes readily a rich lather
which is slow to dry and that does not requite
remoiiy of calling tor hot water. 1 lie
100 fOtUOnt for use are ill the shaH of
potto, B0 that a little may Iht Uken on tlm
linger and rublied over the lTard, then the hni.li
finishes the process of preparation for the razor
If we take the following nigredieut. and coin-
iillld them all excellent soap 1. prmliieed that
aves nothing further in this re.pcet to !
ttaftlredi 1'ake wbrta ooepi four oeneeei inorwnv
OOtL one-half OttttOO) olive oil, nim-half 00000.
Melt then tofthor ami xlir until nearly OOld
Boent ilh inch Oil. a may le liu-t agreeablt).
Another noap may mailii hy uauig wnite
wax, .tt:rniaeeti and almond oil, of each, one
iptarUr mince Melt and, liefore eisiling, rub
in two cakes of Windsor soap, which have pre
viously leen reduced t a jwU, with a small
quantity of rose water. This last, prolwhly, is
not unlike a MpOflot shaving soap that haa
long lieen in use, and is known a. " Kypha
gou" soap, atirst rate thing with a very wonder
ful name.
A, 000OO1T-B of tlm National Aaaoeiatton of
Oeneral B-UWBff Paawmg. r Agent., at a meet
ing at Chicago, have reported in favor of ll.
eiintiiiuing all eicitnuoii r.te. and ticketa at all
waaon. of the year.
Tiir. Kuaaiaii Minuter of Fiuaiw e haa notinod
l.ii 00 li tract. r. that he haa detenumed not te
rvceiv. Ut second in.Ullmmit of the war loan,
MlDlllltllll t'l I.Via.l.lHOiiark., an option f rt-
ideiTf prc-penty. 'thehea.! Sea. Were Hi entire dow of the fusing which he had reaervau.
i
,v. r . ,rt,oii oi tn. nn in.. .. -I-"- ,
U-ing eonveru-l l.y -' " biM n ,.., ,.. the ML for when ,1
,"lleU reg eui, . r, l,o,.. ,," will Ik- I I t-
I m 1 r..,lv the evil. Sin .11 urove. of tree. ,r, . ! ,.
HOT0IY or CAUtnMU : i; , n,., the water in the well, inu.t bl weight
. . t .u ..! it. tj..ti- ,leeK,r. tlie artein well, H.-w lew, the wiut-m
..Sr Vrl h.v'ele...n,hut little . f.,1. JIM the
I . ' . , , nU f 10. vnv.ee kloinr the MMI T Ml great rn er ,e-o. .re
narrative hy . " ' , th. the Mtaiel eeii through wluel. .mall l,r,,k. ,lo not now
.r eo-t, it "2'Jrtjrrl were : run, an.l the climate ,.u,mr u,.m ll,..l,rU
,h.Und.of m mm fgrgjg? average f.-ratn,e of l U,
,h.n , enly ptj " .IU ng 14 . -,u.l U, that of the great S.l,a, .,!
coveml with tree, an.l enlure. an.l .lun0,ng hotter thu, th.t of l.olia. !' an.l the
hi r, ......... ,,trv Ke-t ,a. lie eni.,raln, oi wiutnen, anil
fMhe.1 mr eutr. - - central California i miner e,,uali oue iuart.r
v,.,u-l for S,tS" ,; tlr. i of an inch , M hour. Th. annuj ......rafon
irtf" t T o, ,h. wmU ..noun. . H .c,,.. or u, ..... of
white man, with hii false
position.