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About Independence monitor. (Independence, Or.) 1912-19?? | View Entire Issue (June 13, 1913)
0,0-j9MM OUR FARMERS' IMPROVEMENT PAGE Information Gathered Everywhere that Is of Interest to the Men and Women on Farm. Good Roads, Dairying, Horticulture, Fine Stock. Hogs, Etc. the i DIVERSITY IN HORTICULTURE Alto Pollination of Pears and Cherries, Subjects of Address by C. T. Lewis. Corvllis,Ore., June 4. Speak ing: on diversity in horticulture and pollination of pears and cher ries this afternoon, Prof. C. I. Lewis of the O. A. C, addressed the State Horticultural Society, in session here today and tomorrow. Ha iroes to Kugrene Friday, where he will speak again on the same subject Saturday afternoon. "The general tendency of most fruit districts on the Pacific coast has bean to specialize, and by specializing they have undoubt edly been able to grow a higher grade of produce than they could otherwise," said Prof. Lewis. "But specializing in one fruit alone is more or less dangerous. It works well aa long as the prices are good and the margin of profit is wide but whenever the margin becomss narrow and the prices are low the Bystem is not as satis factory and often works hardships on the men who are not backed overly well financially. "But the most prosperous fruit districts on the Pacific coast are really those which are producing! for building up a horticulture The disadvantages of diversi fying are that people are apt to overreach themselves. They try to grow too great a variety of crops, there are too many datails to attend to, and as a result the quality of the fruit they produce becomes low. Eastern experi ments have shown us that where one tries to diversify too much the quality invariably falls down, and probably the standing the west has at the present time over the east is due to the fact that we attend to the details better and produae a higher srratle of fruit. "There are many orchardists, however, who could grow quite a diversity of fruit, and the work be so arranged that one does not interfere very much with another. Italian prunes are generally out of the way by the time the apples require much attention; sweet cherries and uie cherries do not interfere with prunes or apples; and berries fit in with nearly all lines of horticulture. They con flict probably more with cherries than with any other tree fruits. "The Willamstte valley is a natural diversified region. Here we find apples, berries, prunes, cherries, walnuts, small fruits and garden truck, all growing to a high degree of perfection. We have her splendid opportunities a irreat diversity of crops. This may not mean that each indivi dual orchardist is growing a very wide range of fruits, but it means that the community as a whole is producing a diversity of produc tion. A community that is pro ducing prunes, peaches, cherries, walnuts, apples, pears, and ber ries, generally has something to sell every year, and is established on a firmer financial basis than the region which is dependent on one of these fruits alone. "We hear a grett deal about diversified agriculture and diver 's, fled farming at present, and, f'T a certain class of people under i -oper conditions, diversified xarming would be a most profit able life to take up. How far a frn'i grower can diversify would rifpend largely upon the soil, oi'rrihte, and the individual. I : to call your attention, how f. - r, to the fact that diversity ; ) .rriculture does not mean specializing in three or four lines of agriculture. That is, it is better for a man to choose some y and make his other It i'rtfcs : rg-ly subordinate to this p - ci.'! y. If he attempts to make . 1 .ty of three or fourlines, ne growing, poultry raising, i 1 rying, he is very apt to a fizzle and not be very successful in anything:. On the other hand, he can choose a line which he naturally likes the best to specialize in, and grow other fruits or farm crops that do not interfere vitally with his spec ialty. "One mistake that the fruit v-wers have made as a class, is i it they do not grow enough of at they eat. Every fruit it wer should have a good gar- i; should raise his own vege taoles and potatoes; he should keep a flock of chickens to supply the family table, and also to have a surplus to sell; ho should keep at least a family cow for milk, cream and butter, and he can very nicely produce his own pork. How much he can diversify more than this is a qnestion that each man must work out largely for himself. "With livestock, the two lines which will probably work better with fruit than anything eli are j chickens and hogs. Whatever livestock the fruit grower chooses should be first class. If he breeds his horses, breed them to a good stallion, and raise first class colts. His chickens and pigs and cows should be of the bast, and he should join in the idea of com munity breeding and work hand in hand with the dairyman and animal husbandryman who is striving to build up the fruit in dustry of Oregon. Then from whatever surplus the fruit grow er has to sell he will realize the highest revenue. hich will be very sound and which will mean a high annual income. There is practically not a center in the Willamette valley but what can produce more or less of all the produce I have enumerated. Salem, Ore., is a good example of what diversified horticulture is doing, and it is very seldom that there is a com plete crop failure in that region. There is generally something to sell every year, cherries, prunes, apple?, pears, peaches, and small fruits all being grown. "Practically every other cen ter in the Willamette Valley has an equal opportunity. The spring ing up of cranneries is going to help us out in our problems, be cause canneries and diversified horticulture go hand in hand. The canneries to be successful must run over a long season and must have a rang of produce at the same time if it is to be a financial success. "If we are to diversify to any extent, however, there is one factor that we must emphasize very Btrongly, and that is the need of oganization. Diversifi cation without -'rganization will never amount to very much. The man who is selling little dabs of a wide varity of produce is at the mercy of the buyer and has practically to take what he can get, but if hundreds of these join together they can ship out carloads and trainloads and thus overcome the handicap they oth erwise work under. "Corvallis and Eugens are fortunate in that they are organ izing strong fruit growers' asso ciations, and are establishing canneries to handle the produce that is being grown. These can neries will mean much to the Willamette Valley. From time to time we hear people say that! we need more manufacturing phnts in this country; that 'it will never come into its own un til we can build up factories.' It s 'ems to me that in the canneries, the creameries and the lumber by-products are contained our real strength, and if we are wise we will build up such industries rather than sit down and wait for the manufacture of textiles, leather good, pinos, and iron goods to settle in our midst. "Our cooperative canneries will bring thousands of dollars into our communities and will employ large number of people. "In ordor to increase the con sumption and production of fruits in this valley there are several factors that we must keep in mind. FirBt, we need to study a little better our local markets. We are loading down our local markets with too much inferior produce. Aplles, pears and vegetables that are only fit for hoga are too often offered for sale. We should strive to en courage our local growers and trim dealers in this valley to handle a higher grade of pro duce. Not that the price need to be raised materially for much of the produce that we are s?ll ing, but that we should eliminte this undesirable produce, since it works against consumption rath ii . . . er man increases trie consump tion of fruit. e neea to improve very much the conditions of prune growing, and we need to unify our methods of producing, evap orating and proscessing. We must estabish standards for the prune, and wt must take steps to keep people from shipping out of this state large quantities of prunes that will injure the state, There is no question but what large quantities of prunes have gone out of the state, which were practically uneatable, and which are now coming back to plague us. In the Italian prune the state of Oregon has one of its its finest assets. "The loganberry is coming to the front very rapidly. We have a great work to do with this ber ry. If handled properly, I do not doubt that the field is almost unlimited for this fruit. It can be canned, evaporated, made into juices, and makes splendid jells. It is a new fruit, so to Bpeak, of great merit. But unless we are careful there is bound to be an oversupply of loganberries. At the present time most of the fruit is being sold in Chicago and Min neapolis. We should reach out for new markets; ws should see that all the cities west of the Mississippi river are first sup plied with this berry, and then begin to extend our market to the Atlantic seaboard and to Europe. "I am fearful that many of the berries that are being evaporated in this state are going to hurt the loganberry market. Many of the berries are not graded properly, they scorch and burn during drying, some of them are too green, and the product is of ten very unpalatable. If we sup ply the market with such a pro duct for a few years we are sure to have a condition which will be very similar to the early prune situation. However, by organiz ing and working together we can build up an industry with the loganberry that will mean mil lions of dollars annually to the state of Oregon "The establishing of our can neries is going to open up a very promising opportunity in pear culture. The Bartlett pear grows to Bplendid perfection, yields heavily, and at fair canning prices gives a very satisfactory profit. "There will undoubtedly be an increased demand for pie cher ries, in tne t,ast such cherries as the Montmorency, English Morello and Kentish or Early Richmond, are in great demand. These cherries grow nicely here. In every region where we can grow them we should have an acreage of pie cherries to supply the canneries. In no section of the United States does the Lam bert cherry grow better than in Wrestern Oregon. I have recent ly talked with government of ficials and they expressed the opinion that with the opening of the Panama canal we should be able to put these Lambert cher ries on the European markets, by pre-cooling and shipping in cold storage steamers. In this way the fruit handles very nicely. The demand for Royal Anne cherries for Maraschino is in creasing very rapidly and we have a good industry already es tablished for this fruit. "In the production of cherries there are very few regions in the world that can equal the Pacific coast. On our warm sandy and silt loams raspberries yield very heavily. The loganberry is at its best on this soil, but all our well drained -.'lay loams will pro duce blackberries, loganberries, gooseberries and currants satis factorily. "The little region of Puyallup, Wash., is reported to be shipping about 500 carloads of produeejfn nually, mostly berries. A rejjen newspaper clipping readsf riiat thrt region is to ship out this year 500 barrels of red raspber ries, packed in sugar, lhere is seemingly a great future for Western berries. "Apples in the Willametts Valley have been largely grown as a side line and as a diversified crop, and in many years they have not proven very satisfac tory. 1ms is due in many cases to a lack of proper methods of culture and the choice of the wrong varieties. The whole valley needs to get together and consider the question of the right varieties and of improved meth ods of handling the foil. Prices of apples this present year were far from satisfactory, but it does not follow that such conditions will continue indefinitely. the Willamette Valley can produce certain varieties of ap ples to the finest degree ot per fection. There are other varie ties that the growers should leave absolutely alone. I have been asked to give some information on the pollina tion of pears. This ia a subject that might well occupy all the time allowed for an address. However, there are only a few points with which the grower will be vitally interested at this time. "In the first place, many of the pears are sterile, or bo nearly so that they do not set fruit satis factorily without outside pollina tion. The Cornice comes in this class,, also the Anjou, and even in some varieties which are natur ally self-fertile, like the Bartlett, we find it better if we plant other varieties with it. In other words, at the experiment station we have recommended that no varie ty of fruits be planted alone, but that it be combined with ot her varieties blooming at the same time. For years the early bloomers are the Bartlett, Clairgeau, How ell, d'Anjou, and Kieffer. Any two of these will inter-pollinate. The late blooming pears are the Angoulene, Bosc, Cornice, Easter Beurre, P. Barry, and Winter Nelis. Any two of these will prove satisfactory, In planting out your pear or chard, plant them in oblong blocks in two to six rows of a variety. This will be much better than attempting to plant the trees al ternately. The fruit does not all mature at the same time, and by having at least two rows of a variety it cheapens the cost of hauling, picking spraying, etc. "The experiment station has recently conducted a series of in vestigation on cherries, In the very near future we are going to report on this investigation. The work has ben carried on both at t"e home station at Corvallis, and with the fruit growers at The Dalles. The results secured are very gratifying and we hope to be able to issue a bulletin in the very near future that can be put in the hands of all those interest ed in cherry production. Suffice it to say at this time that many of the best varieties are sterile, and to get the best results, inter planting must take place. "In conclusion, I want to em phasize the need of organization for tre Willamette Valley. All the various centers, such as Cor vallis, Eugene, Salem, Dallas, etc., should have strong fruit growers organizations, and should have canneries or means -for handling other by products. Ihese different organizations should gi.-t together at least once a year and meet at some central point, such as Portland. The State Horticultural Society should be a splendid medium for getting these organizations together where we can discuss the prob lems that confront us, and give each other the benefit of our experience. "I am hoping that every orga nization in the Willamette Valk-y will become affiliated with the State Horticultural Society and thus reap the benefits of such cooperation." NOTICE Notice is hereliy given that the County Court of Polk County, Oregon, will receive bids for crushing and haul ing upon th roads 6,000 yards, more or less, of rok; 2,000 yards, more or less, at the lee quarry, about 2J miles south of Falls City; 4,000 yards, more or lost, at the Jlhorp quarry, bear Willamina, Oregon. Bids will be received for the crush ing of rock at each quarry. Bids will be received for the hauling of rock from each quarry from 1-4 to lti-4 miles. All bids to be filed in the office of the County Clerk of Polk County, Oregon, on or before June 14th, 191S. Te Court reserves the right to reject any and all bids. A. B. Robinson, Jr., County Clerk. Dallas, Ore , May 21, 1913. Teachers' Examination Notice is hereby given that the County Superintendent of Polk County will hold the rvgulur examination for applicants for State papers at the Court House in Dallas as follows: Commencing Wednesday, June 18th, 1913, at 9 o'clock a. m., and continuing until Saturday, June 21st, 1913 at 4 p. m. WEDNESDAY FORENOON Writing, U. S. History, physiology. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON Physical Geography, Reading, Com position, Methods in Reading, Methods in Arithmetic. THURSDAY FORENOON Arithmetic, History of Education, 1'iychology, Methods in Geography. THt'RSDAY AFTERNOON Grammar, Geography, American Lit erature, Physics, Methods in Language, Thesis for Primary Certificate, FRIDAY FORENOON Theory and Practice, Orthography, English Literature, Chemistry. FRIDAY AFTERNOON School Law, Botany, Algebra, Civil Government. SATURDAY FORENOON Geometry, Geology. SATURDAY AFTERNOON General History, Bookkeeping. Respectfully, II. C. Seymour, School Supt, Polk County, Oregon. Notice to Creditors. Notice is hereby given that the un dersigned has been duly appointed ad ministratrix of the estate of William M. Millhouser, deceased, by the County Court of the State of Oregon for Polk County, and has qualified as such. All persons havingclaima against the said estate are hereby notified to pre sent the same duly verified, together with the proper vouchers therefor, to the undersigned administratrix at her residence about four miles south of In dependence, in said County, within six months from the date of this notice. Dated and first published May 30, 1913. MARY MILLHOUSER, Administratrix of the estate of William M. Millhouser, deceased. B. F. Swoi'E, Attorney. Last pub., June 27. R. J. Taylor Has the Best Real Estate Bargains. Ask him. Administratrix's Sale of Real Property. In the County Court of the btate of Oregon, for Polk County; in Probate, In the matter of the Estate of BurtiB M. B iker, deceased. To All Whom It May Concern: No tice is hereby given that in pursuance of an order of salp made and entered of record by the County Court of Folk county, Oregon, on the 29th day of May, 1913, in the malter of the entate of Burtis M. Baker, deceased, the un dersigned, administratrix of said estate, will sell at private sale on and after the 30th day of Jnne, 1913, to the high est and best bidder for cash in hand, subject to confirmation of sale by said Court, all the reBl property of the es tate of said decedent, and particularly described bb follows: An undivided one-half interest in and to these two tracts of land, tn-wit: The douth half of the northeast quarter of Section Three in T. 10 S. R. 6 W. of the Willamette Meridian in Polk county Oregon, and containing eighty acres of land. Alsothis other tract : Commencing at the most westerly northweat corner of a certain piece of land sold to Jerry Evano by John Johnson, the same being a portion of the James Iiridwell D. I.. C. in section 2, in T. 10S. It. 6. W. of the Willamette Meridian in Polk county, Oregon; thence north 17 chains, Thence east 10 chains; Thence south 13 chains; Thence southwesterly along the north line of the said tract of land sold to said Jerry Evans by aid John Johnson, to the place of In-ginning, and containing 15 acres of land; situated in Polk county, Oregon. Dated May 29, 1913. maude m. baker, Administratrix of the estate of Burtis M. Baker, deceased. CAhY F. Martin, Attorney for Estate. Last pub., June 27. AUen Clark is In the market for oats and wheat jn car lots. DON'T BREATHE DUST linn "(Jcdariim" tiwtepi coiiipouti I ior doors ami lin oleums it collects the dust. "No Dost" for carpet and rujrs. "ltifcio"fur Louh ami roachew. For sal ry Hice A Calhreatli. HHmtwmWW HUM IMMMMH' "The Mighty Michigan" The Best for the Money and It Is Certainly Good This automobile is made in two sizes--40 h. p. and 33 h. p. We have the machines on hand to show you. They are noted for strength and service and give entire satisfaction. Let us dem onstrate these machines to you If you want an automobile. OUR PRICES ARE S 1 800 for aMiehty 40"--$ 1 600 for the "33" We are exclusive asnts for the U. S. auto tire, the best tire in existence. See us for repairs. Fill your tires with Essenkay. the best tire filler in existence. It saves time and trouble. We have well equipped ma chine shops and can repair any thing in the machinery line. THE INDEPENDENCE GARAGE EDWARDS & BALL, Props. C Street Market Lard in bulk, 5-lb. Buckets, l()-lb. Buckets, COMPOUND 5-lb. Buckets, 10-lb. Buckets, 15c per lb. 75c - $1.50 60c $1.15 We buy live and dressed cattle, sheep, hofjs and veal. A. NELSON Independence, - Oregon Band Dance T M E INDEPENDENCE BAND Will Furnish Music for an Informal Dance AT TUB Do you want to rnntth.t house f R. J. Taylor lift known wli'i will tab; it opem house Friday Night, June 13 Proceeds to be Used to Defray Expenses of Maintaining Band Best of Music and Best of Ordor Open Air Concert In Front of Opera House at 7:30 o'clock.
