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the i
DIVERSITY IN HORTICULTURE
Alto Pollination of Pears
and Cherries, Subjects
of Address by C. T.
Lewis.
Corvllis,Ore., June 4. Speak
ing: on diversity in horticulture
and pollination of pears and cher
ries this afternoon, Prof. C. I.
Lewis of the O. A. C, addressed
the State Horticultural Society, in
session here today and tomorrow.
Ha iroes to Kugrene Friday, where
he will speak again on the same
subject Saturday afternoon.
"The general tendency of most
fruit districts on the Pacific coast
has bean to specialize, and by
specializing they have undoubt
edly been able to grow a higher
grade of produce than they could
otherwise," said Prof. Lewis.
"But specializing in one fruit
alone is more or less dangerous.
It works well aa long as the prices
are good and the margin of profit
is wide but whenever the margin
becomss narrow and the prices
are low the Bystem is not as satis
factory and often works hardships
on the men who are not backed
overly well financially.
"But the most prosperous fruit
districts on the Pacific coast are
really those which are producing! for building up a horticulture
The disadvantages of diversi
fying are that people are apt to
overreach themselves. They try
to grow too great a variety of
crops, there are too many datails
to attend to, and as a result the
quality of the fruit they produce
becomes low. Eastern experi
ments have shown us that where
one tries to diversify too much
the quality invariably falls down,
and probably the standing the
west has at the present time over
the east is due to the fact that
we attend to the details better
and produae a higher srratle of
fruit.
"There are many orchardists,
however, who could grow quite a
diversity of fruit, and the work
be so arranged that one does not
interfere very much with another.
Italian prunes are generally out
of the way by the time the apples
require much attention; sweet
cherries and uie cherries do not
interfere with prunes or apples;
and berries fit in with nearly all
lines of horticulture. They con
flict probably more with cherries
than with any other tree fruits.
"The Willamstte valley is a
natural diversified region. Here
we find apples, berries, prunes,
cherries, walnuts, small fruits
and garden truck, all growing to
a high degree of perfection. We
have her splendid opportunities
a irreat diversity of crops. This
may not mean that each indivi
dual orchardist is growing a very
wide range of fruits, but it means
that the community as a whole is
producing a diversity of produc
tion. A community that is pro
ducing prunes, peaches, cherries,
walnuts, apples, pears, and ber
ries, generally has something to
sell every year, and is established
on a firmer financial basis than
the region which is dependent on
one of these fruits alone.
"We hear a grett deal about
diversified agriculture and diver
's, fled farming at present, and,
f'T a certain class of people under
i -oper conditions, diversified
xarming would be a most profit
able life to take up. How far a
frn'i grower can diversify would
rifpend largely upon the soil,
oi'rrihte, and the individual. I
: to call your attention, how
f. - r, to the fact that diversity
; ) .rriculture does not mean
specializing in three or four lines
of agriculture. That is, it is
better for a man to choose some
y and make his other
It
i'rtfcs : rg-ly subordinate to this
p - ci.'! y. If he attempts to make
. 1 .ty of three or fourlines,
ne growing, poultry raising,
i 1 rying, he is very apt to
a fizzle and not be very
successful in anything:. On the
other hand, he can choose a line
which he naturally likes the best
to specialize in, and grow other
fruits or farm crops that do not
interfere vitally with his spec
ialty. "One mistake that the fruit
v-wers have made as a class, is
i it they do not grow enough of
at they eat. Every fruit
it wer should have a good gar-
i; should raise his own vege
taoles and potatoes; he should
keep a flock of chickens to supply
the family table, and also to have
a surplus to sell; ho should keep
at least a family cow for milk,
cream and butter, and he can
very nicely produce his own pork.
How much he can diversify more
than this is a qnestion that each
man must work out largely for
himself.
"With livestock, the two lines
which will probably work better
with fruit than anything eli are j
chickens and hogs. Whatever
livestock the fruit grower chooses
should be first class. If he breeds
his horses, breed them to a good
stallion, and raise first class colts.
His chickens and pigs and cows
should be of the bast, and he
should join in the idea of com
munity breeding and work hand
in hand with the dairyman and
animal husbandryman who is
striving to build up the fruit in
dustry of Oregon. Then from
whatever surplus the fruit grow
er has to sell he will realize the
highest revenue.
hich will be very sound and
which will mean a high annual
income. There is practically not
a center in the Willamette valley
but what can produce more or
less of all the produce I have
enumerated. Salem, Ore., is a
good example of what diversified
horticulture is doing, and it is
very seldom that there is a com
plete crop failure in that region.
There is generally something to
sell every year, cherries, prunes,
apple?, pears, peaches, and small
fruits all being grown.
"Practically every other cen
ter in the Willamette Valley has
an equal opportunity. The spring
ing up of cranneries is going to
help us out in our problems, be
cause canneries and diversified
horticulture go hand in hand.
The canneries to be successful
must run over a long season and
must have a rang of produce at
the same time if it is to be a
financial success.
"If we are to diversify to any
extent, however, there is one
factor that we must emphasize
very Btrongly, and that is the
need of oganization. Diversifi
cation without -'rganization will
never amount to very much. The
man who is selling little dabs of
a wide varity of produce is at the
mercy of the buyer and has
practically to take what he can
get, but if hundreds of these
join together they can ship out
carloads and trainloads and thus
overcome the handicap they oth
erwise work under.
"Corvallis and Eugens are
fortunate in that they are organ
izing strong fruit growers' asso
ciations, and are establishing
canneries to handle the produce
that is being grown. These can
neries will mean much to the
Willamette Valley. From time
to time we hear people say that!
we need more manufacturing
phnts in this country; that 'it
will never come into its own un
til we can build up factories.' It
s 'ems to me that in the canneries,
the creameries and the lumber
by-products are contained our
real strength, and if we are wise
we will build up such industries
rather than sit down and wait
for the manufacture of textiles,
leather good, pinos, and iron
goods to settle in our midst.
"Our cooperative canneries
will bring thousands of dollars
into our communities and will
employ large number of people.
"In ordor to increase the con
sumption and production of fruits
in this valley there are several
factors that we must keep
in mind. FirBt, we need to
study a little better our local
markets. We are loading down
our local markets with too much
inferior produce. Aplles, pears
and vegetables that are only fit
for hoga are too often offered for
sale. We should strive to en
courage our local growers and
trim dealers in this valley to
handle a higher grade of pro
duce. Not that the price need
to be raised materially for much
of the produce that we are s?ll
ing, but that we should eliminte
this undesirable produce, since it
works against consumption rath
ii . . .
er man increases trie consump
tion of fruit.
e neea to improve very
much the conditions of prune
growing, and we need to unify
our methods of producing, evap
orating and proscessing. We
must estabish standards for the
prune, and wt must take steps to
keep people from shipping out of
this state large quantities of
prunes that will injure the state,
There is no question but what
large quantities of prunes have
gone out of the state, which
were practically uneatable, and
which are now coming back to
plague us. In the Italian prune
the state of Oregon has one of its
its finest assets.
"The loganberry is coming to
the front very rapidly. We have
a great work to do with this ber
ry. If handled properly, I do
not doubt that the field is almost
unlimited for this fruit. It can
be canned, evaporated, made into
juices, and makes splendid jells.
It is a new fruit, so to Bpeak, of
great merit. But unless we are
careful there is bound to be an
oversupply of loganberries. At
the present time most of the fruit
is being sold in Chicago and Min
neapolis. We should reach out
for new markets; ws should see
that all the cities west of the
Mississippi river are first sup
plied with this berry, and then
begin to extend our market to
the Atlantic seaboard and to
Europe.
"I am fearful that many of the
berries that are being evaporated
in this state are going to hurt
the loganberry market. Many
of the berries are not graded
properly, they scorch and burn
during drying, some of them are
too green, and the product is of
ten very unpalatable. If we sup
ply the market with such a pro
duct for a few years we are sure
to have a condition which will be
very similar to the early prune
situation. However, by organiz
ing and working together we can
build up an industry with the
loganberry that will mean mil
lions of dollars annually to the
state of Oregon
"The establishing of our can
neries is going to open up a very
promising opportunity in pear
culture. The Bartlett pear grows
to Bplendid perfection, yields
heavily, and at fair canning
prices gives a very satisfactory
profit.
"There will undoubtedly be an
increased demand for pie cher
ries, in tne t,ast such cherries
as the Montmorency, English
Morello and Kentish or Early
Richmond, are in great demand.
These cherries grow nicely here.
In every region where we can
grow them we should have an
acreage of pie cherries to supply
the canneries. In no section of
the United States does the Lam
bert cherry grow better than in
Wrestern Oregon. I have recent
ly talked with government of
ficials and they expressed the
opinion that with the opening of
the Panama canal we should be
able to put these Lambert cher
ries on the European markets, by
pre-cooling and shipping in cold
storage steamers. In this way
the fruit handles very nicely.
The demand for Royal Anne
cherries for Maraschino is in
creasing very rapidly and we
have a good industry already es
tablished for this fruit.
"In the production of cherries
there are very few regions in the
world that can equal the Pacific
coast. On our warm sandy and
silt loams raspberries yield very
heavily. The loganberry is at
its best on this soil, but all our
well drained -.'lay loams will pro
duce blackberries, loganberries,
gooseberries and currants satis
factorily.
"The little region of Puyallup,
Wash., is reported to be shipping
about 500 carloads of produeejfn
nually, mostly berries. A rejjen
newspaper clipping readsf riiat
thrt region is to ship out this
year 500 barrels of red raspber
ries, packed in sugar, lhere is
seemingly a great future for
Western berries.
"Apples in the Willametts
Valley have been largely grown
as a side line and as a diversified
crop, and in many years they
have not proven very satisfac
tory. 1ms is due in many cases
to a lack of proper methods of
culture and the choice of the
wrong varieties. The whole
valley needs to get together and
consider the question of the right
varieties and of improved meth
ods of handling the foil. Prices
of apples this present year were
far from satisfactory, but it does
not follow that such conditions
will continue indefinitely.
the Willamette Valley can
produce certain varieties of ap
ples to the finest degree ot per
fection. There are other varie
ties that the growers should
leave absolutely alone.
I have been asked to give
some information on the pollina
tion of pears. This ia a subject
that might well occupy all the
time allowed for an address.
However, there are only a few
points with which the grower
will be vitally interested at this
time.
"In the first place, many of the
pears are sterile, or bo nearly so
that they do not set fruit satis
factorily without outside pollina
tion. The Cornice comes in this
class,, also the Anjou, and even
in some varieties which are natur
ally self-fertile, like the Bartlett,
we find it better if we plant other
varieties with it. In other words,
at the experiment station we
have recommended that no varie
ty of fruits be planted alone, but
that it be combined with ot her
varieties blooming at the same
time.
For years the early bloomers
are the Bartlett, Clairgeau, How
ell, d'Anjou, and Kieffer. Any
two of these will inter-pollinate.
The late blooming pears are the
Angoulene, Bosc, Cornice, Easter
Beurre, P. Barry, and Winter
Nelis. Any two of these will
prove satisfactory,
In planting out your pear or
chard, plant them in oblong blocks
in two to six rows of a variety.
This will be much better than
attempting to plant the trees al
ternately. The fruit does not
all mature at the same time, and
by having at least two rows of a
variety it cheapens the cost of
hauling, picking spraying, etc.
"The experiment station has
recently conducted a series of in
vestigation on cherries, In the
very near future we are going to
report on this investigation. The
work has ben carried on both at
t"e home station at Corvallis, and
with the fruit growers at The
Dalles. The results secured are
very gratifying and we hope to
be able to issue a bulletin in the
very near future that can be put
in the hands of all those interest
ed in cherry production. Suffice it
to say at this time that many of
the best varieties are sterile, and
to get the best results, inter
planting must take place.
"In conclusion, I want to em
phasize the need of organization
for tre Willamette Valley. All
the various centers, such as Cor
vallis, Eugene, Salem, Dallas,
etc., should have strong fruit
growers organizations, and should
have canneries or means -for
handling other by products.
Ihese different organizations
should gi.-t together at least once
a year and meet at some central
point, such as Portland. The
State Horticultural Society should
be a splendid medium for getting
these organizations together
where we can discuss the prob
lems that confront us, and give
each other the benefit of our
experience.
"I am hoping that every orga
nization in the Willamette Valk-y
will become affiliated with the
State Horticultural Society and
thus reap the benefits of such cooperation."
NOTICE
Notice is hereliy given that the
County Court of Polk County, Oregon,
will receive bids for crushing and haul
ing upon th roads 6,000 yards, more or
less, of rok; 2,000 yards, more or less,
at the lee quarry, about 2J miles
south of Falls City; 4,000 yards, more
or lost, at the Jlhorp quarry, bear
Willamina, Oregon.
Bids will be received for the crush
ing of rock at each quarry.
Bids will be received for the hauling
of rock from each quarry from 1-4 to
lti-4 miles.
All bids to be filed in the office of the
County Clerk of Polk County, Oregon,
on or before June 14th, 191S.
Te Court reserves the right to reject
any and all bids.
A. B. Robinson, Jr.,
County Clerk.
Dallas, Ore , May 21, 1913.
Teachers' Examination
Notice is hereby given that the County
Superintendent of Polk County will hold
the rvgulur examination for applicants
for State papers at the Court House in
Dallas as follows:
Commencing Wednesday, June 18th,
1913, at 9 o'clock a. m., and continuing
until Saturday, June 21st, 1913 at 4
p. m.
WEDNESDAY FORENOON
Writing, U. S. History, physiology.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON
Physical Geography, Reading, Com
position, Methods in Reading, Methods
in Arithmetic.
THURSDAY FORENOON
Arithmetic, History of Education,
1'iychology, Methods in Geography.
THt'RSDAY AFTERNOON
Grammar, Geography, American Lit
erature, Physics, Methods in Language,
Thesis for Primary Certificate,
FRIDAY FORENOON
Theory and Practice, Orthography,
English Literature, Chemistry.
FRIDAY AFTERNOON
School Law, Botany, Algebra, Civil
Government.
SATURDAY FORENOON
Geometry, Geology.
SATURDAY AFTERNOON
General History, Bookkeeping.
Respectfully,
II. C. Seymour,
School Supt, Polk County, Oregon.
Notice to Creditors.
Notice is hereby given that the un
dersigned has been duly appointed ad
ministratrix of the estate of William
M. Millhouser, deceased, by the County
Court of the State of Oregon for Polk
County, and has qualified as such.
All persons havingclaima against the
said estate are hereby notified to pre
sent the same duly verified, together
with the proper vouchers therefor, to
the undersigned administratrix at her
residence about four miles south of In
dependence, in said County, within six
months from the date of this notice.
Dated and first published May 30,
1913.
MARY MILLHOUSER,
Administratrix of the estate of William
M. Millhouser, deceased.
B. F. Swoi'E, Attorney.
Last pub., June 27.
R. J. Taylor
Has the Best Real Estate
Bargains. Ask him.
Administratrix's Sale of
Real Property.
In the County Court of the btate of
Oregon, for Polk County; in Probate,
In the matter of the Estate of BurtiB
M. B iker, deceased.
To All Whom It May Concern: No
tice is hereby given that in pursuance
of an order of salp made and entered of
record by the County Court of Folk
county, Oregon, on the 29th day of
May, 1913, in the malter of the entate
of Burtis M. Baker, deceased, the un
dersigned, administratrix of said estate,
will sell at private sale on and after
the 30th day of Jnne, 1913, to the high
est and best bidder for cash in hand,
subject to confirmation of sale by said
Court, all the reBl property of the es
tate of said decedent, and particularly
described bb follows:
An undivided one-half interest in and
to these two tracts of land, tn-wit:
The douth half of the northeast quarter
of Section Three in T. 10 S. R. 6 W. of
the Willamette Meridian in Polk county
Oregon, and containing eighty acres of
land. Alsothis other tract : Commencing
at the most westerly northweat corner
of a certain piece of land sold to Jerry
Evano by John Johnson, the same being
a portion of the James Iiridwell D. I.. C.
in section 2, in T. 10S. It. 6. W. of the
Willamette Meridian in Polk county,
Oregon; thence north 17 chains, Thence
east 10 chains; Thence south 13 chains;
Thence southwesterly along the north
line of the said tract of land sold to said
Jerry Evans by aid John Johnson, to
the place of In-ginning, and containing
15 acres of land; situated in Polk county,
Oregon.
Dated May 29, 1913.
maude m. baker,
Administratrix of the estate of Burtis
M. Baker, deceased.
CAhY F. Martin,
Attorney for Estate.
Last pub., June 27.
AUen Clark is In the market for
oats and wheat jn car lots.
DON'T BREATHE DUST
linn "(Jcdariim" tiwtepi
coiiipouti I ior doors ami lin
oleums it collects the dust.
"No Dost" for carpet and
rujrs. "ltifcio"fur Louh ami
roachew. For sal ry Hice A
Calhreatli.
HHmtwmWW HUM IMMMMH'
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and It Is Certainly Good
This automobile is made in two
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have the machines on hand to
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onstrate these machines to you If
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OUR PRICES ARE
S 1 800 for aMiehty 40"--$ 1 600 for the "33"
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Fill your tires with Essenkay.
the best tire filler in existence. It
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We have well equipped ma
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THE INDEPENDENCE GARAGE
EDWARDS & BALL, Props.
C Street Market
Lard in bulk,
5-lb. Buckets,
l()-lb. Buckets,
COMPOUND
5-lb. Buckets,
10-lb. Buckets,
15c per lb.
75c
- $1.50
60c
$1.15
We buy live and dressed cattle, sheep, hofjs and veal.
A. NELSON
Independence, - Oregon
Band Dance
T M E
INDEPENDENCE BAND
Will Furnish Music for
an Informal Dance
AT TUB
Do you want to rnntth.t
house f R. J. Taylor
lift known wli'i will tab; it
opem house
Friday Night, June 13
Proceeds to be Used to Defray
Expenses of Maintaining Band
Best of Music and Best of Ordor
Open Air Concert In Front of Opera House
at 7:30 o'clock.