The Chemawa American, April 10, 1918, Image 1

The ChemawA American
P r in t e d a t C h e m a w a , O re g o n , a n d D e v o te d to th e In te r e s t s o f In d ia n E d u c a tio n
Vol. X X
•
W ednesday, April JO, 1918
INSEC TS A N D HOW TO GET R ID OF THEM
The farmer who wishes to raise a garden, a few
berries, or any kind of fruit, now must know how to
get rid of numerous pests in addition to cultivating
his garden tiuck or growing his fruit.
The means of transporting insects long distances,
the destruction of great forests, abandoned orchards
and farms, and many other causes, are factors in the
enormous increase of noxious insects within the last
two or three decades. In order to combat this increase
various means are adopted by the orchardist and
horticulturist, principal among which is the use of
insecticides. Other methods, however, are effective
to more or less extent and even in the case of the
gardener or farmer who has a small patch may be as
effective as the use of insecticides and of less trouble
to apply. It’s easy to clean the garden of all trash,
old stalks, etc., after the crop is gathered, or to burn
all old limbs that are in the orchard every fall, thus
destroying millions of pupal, eggs and hibernating in­
sects that would otherwise winter over; nor is it a
difficult task to trap or hand pick many insects in
early spring time that would produce an army suffi­
ciently strong to destroy the war garden.
There are two general classes of insects, the biting
and chewing insect and the sucking insect. Good
examples of the former are the large common tomato
worm that one sees on the tomato plants in summer­
time, or our old friend, the potato beetle, which for­
tunately is not found on the coast. Examples of the
latter are the common plant louse that is found on al­
most all varieties of plants or the San Jose scale found
so frequently on the limbs of apple of pear trees.
The biting or chewing insect is killed by internal
poisons or those that take effect by being eaten by the
insect while feeding. These are the various combin­
ations of arsenic known as Paris green, London pur­
ple, arsenate of lead and the patent insecticides sold
under various names. All are efficient.
The sucking insects are destroyed by external irri­
tants or those that act externally. They close the
breathing pores of the insect or choke him to death.
For this purpose various emulsions are used, such
as kerosene and soap emulsions, Cook’s soft and hard
soap emulsions, fish oil soap, and numerous washes.
No. 25
For fungus growth a combination of copper sulphate
and lime called Bordeau Mixture is used. Often it is
desirable to combine a fungicide with insecticide, ap­
plying both at the same time and in the same mixture.
Some form of arsenic is used when this is done.
REPORTER’S NOTES
By Robert Downie
Julius Frank spent Sunday at Chemawa. He is lo­
cated at Portland.
Mrs. Brewer was in charge of both the dining room
and kitchen last week during Miss Skipton’s absence.
Martin Colby, who enlisted in the U. S. Marine
Corps last spring, is now in active service in France.
A few acres of onions have just been planted and
the onion house is finished, ready to house the onions
raised.
The tennis court is never vacant now. Dr. Ful­
kerson states that he wishes to meet the champion of
the place.
Superintendent Hall left the school on a business
trip to Eastern Oregon last Wednesday night, return­
ing Friday.
Nick Hatch, an ex-student, paid Chemawa a visit
last week. He expects to enlist in the radio service
at San Francisco.
James McMann, our blind paper man, is very
successful with his work. He would appreciate
your help very much.
George Nix, who recently enlisted in the navy and
who was stationed at the Bremerton Navy Yard, was
given an honorable discharge.
Last Thursday, Terenty Merculief’s sister and
brother-in-law from St. Paul Islands visited him. Mr.
Hope is an officer of the St. Paul Radio station.
On Friday last Julia Gromoff, Annie Miller and
Mary Motanic left to attend the Older Gills’ Con­
ference at Dallas, Oregon. They report having a
very good time.
Dr. Fulkerson, our former doctor here at school, was
recently given a lieutenant commission and has been
ordered to report to officers’ training camp at Ft. Riley
Kansas, for training.