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About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 1904)
DAILY CAPITA!. JOTJENAL, SALEM, OREGON, TUESDAY, DEOEMBEH 0, 100. producers hns resulted. The activities of bur ngo in lines of .search have replied tho tillers of ho soil nml inspired thorn with orabl- . t0 know moro of tho principles that Bvcrn tn0 forcC8 f naturo with hich tliey liavo to deal. Nearly half " the ri,I,, of t,,,a countrv lovoto their energies to growing things from tho soil' Until u recent dato littlo has beCn done to prcpnro thoso millions for fhclr lifo work. In most lines of hu man activity college trnined men nro the lenders. Tho f armor hnd no oppor tunity fur special training until tho congress mndo provision for it 40 years ago. During theso years progress has been niado and teachers havo boon pre pared. Over 5000 students nro In at tendance at our state agricultural col leges. Tlio federal govornmont expends $10,000;000 annunlly toward this cdu tati'on and for research In Washington and in tho several states and torrito e Tlio department of agriculture has given facilities for post-grndunto work to COO young mon during tho Inst soven vonrs, preparing them for ad vance I linos of work in tho department and in the stato institutions. The facts concerning meteorology and its relations to plant and animal lifo nro being systematically inquired into. Temperature- nnd moisture arc controlling fnetors in nil agricultural operations. Tho seasons of tho cyclones of tlio Caribbean sen and their paths aro being forecasted with increasing ac curacy. Tho cold winds that como from tho north aro anticipated aitd their times and intensity told to farmers, gardeners and fruiterers in nil southern localities. Wo sell $250,000,000 worth of animals and animal products to foreign coun tries every year in addition to supply ing our own pcoplo moro cheaply nnd rilnindantly than any other nation is ablo to provldo for its pooplo. Success ful manufacturing deponds primarily on clicnp food, which accounts to a con siderable extent for our growth in this direction. Tho departmont of agricul ture, by careful inspection of meats, guards tlio health of our pcoplo and gives clenn bills of health to deserving oxports; it is prepared to deal prompt ly with imported diseases of animals, and maintain tho oxcellcnco of our flocks and herds in this respect. There should bo an nnnunl census of the live stock of tho nation. Wo sell abroad about $GOO,000,000 North of plants and thoir products every year. Strenuous efforts aro be ing made to import from foreign Coun tries such grains ns nro suitablo to our varying localities. Soven years ngo wo bought threo-fourths of our rlco; by helping the rfce growers' oi tho gulf coast to secure seods from tho orient suitod to their conditions and by giving thorn ndcqmito protection, thoy now supply homo demand and export to the islands of tho Caribbean sea and to other rico growing countries. Wheat and othor grains havo been Imported from light rainfall countries to our lands in tho west nnd southwest that havo not grown crops becauso of light precipitation, resulting In an oxtensivo addition to our cropping nrea nnd our homo-making territory that cannot be irrigated. Ton million bushols of first class macaroni wheat wore grown from theso experimental importations last year. Fruits suitablo to our soils and climates nro bolng Imported from all tho countries of tlio old world tho fig from Tnrkoy, tlio almond from Spain, tho dato from Algeria, tho mango from India, Wo nro. holping our fruit grow ers to got thoir crops into Europoan markets by studying methods of pres ervation through rofrfgoration, packing and handling, which havo been quite successful. Wo nro helping our hop growers by importing varieties that ripen earlier nnd later than tho kinds thoy havo bocu raising, thereby length ening tho harvesting season. Tho cot ton crop of tho country Is threatened with root rot, tho boll worm and tho boll wcovil. Our pnthologistB will And immuno varieties that will resist the root disoaso, and tho boll worm can tte denlt with, but tho boll wcovil Is a serious monaco to tho qotton crop. It is a Central American Insoct that has bocome acclimated in Toxas nnd has done great damngo. A scientist of tlio department of agriculture has found tho wcovil at homo In Guntomaln being kept In check by an nnt, which Has been brought to our cotton fields for observation. It is hoped that it may servo a good purpose Tho soils of tho country aro getting attention from tho farmer's stand point, and interesting results nro following. 'Wo have duplicates of the soil that grow tho wrapper tobacco in Sumatra nnd Jbe filler tobacco in Cuba. It will bo only n question of time when the largo amounts paid to these coun tries will bo paid to our own pooplo. Tho reclamation of alkali lands is pro gressing, to give object lessons to our pooplo In methods by which worthless lands may bo made productive. Tho Insect Honda and enemies of the farmor aro getting attention. Tho ene my of the San Joso scalo was found near the great wall of China, and. Is now cleaning tip all our orchards. Tho fig-fertilizing insect Imported 'om Turkey hns helped to establish an In dustry In California thnt amounts to from CO to 100 tons of dried figs an nually, and Is oxtondlng over tho Pa cific coadt. A parasitic fly from South Africa is keeping in subjection the black scale, tho worst pest of tho orango and lemon Industry in Califor nia. Careful preliminary work is bolng dono towards producing our own silk. Tho mulberry Is being distributed in largo numbers, eggs nro bolng Import ed nnd distributed, improved reels were Imported from Europe last year, and twd oxpert rcelers were brought to Washington to reel tho crop of cocoons and teacli tho art to our own people. Tho crop reporting system of tho' de partment of agriculture is boiug brought closer to accuracy overy year. It has 250,000 reportors selected from pcoplo In eight vocations in life. It has arrangements with most European countries for Intcrchango of estimates, so that our pcoplo may know as nearly as posslblo with what thoy must compete. Irrigation. During tho two and a half years that havo elapsed sinco tho pnBsage of the reclamation act rapid progress has been mado in tho surveys nnd examinations of tho opportunities for rcclamotion in tho thirteen states and threo territories of tho arid west. Construction hns al ready been begun on tho largest and most important of tho irrigation works, and plans nro being completed for works which will utillro tho funds now avniloblc. Tho operations nro bolng enrriod on by tho reclamation service, a corps of cnglncors selected through competltivo civil scrvico examinations. This corps includes experienced con structing onginoors as well as various oxports in mechnnlcnl nnd lognl mot tors, nnd is composed largely of men who havo spont most of thoir lives in practical affnirs connected with irriga tion. Tho larger problems havo been solved, and It now remains to executo with care, economy nnd thoroughness tho work which has been laid out. All important details aro boing carefully considered by boards of consulting en gineers, selected for thoir thorough knowledgo and practical experience. "Each project is taken up on tho ground by competent mon nnd vlowod from tho standpoint of tho creation of prosperous homes, nnd of promptly refunding to tho treasury tho cost of construction. Tho reclamation net has been found to bo remarkably complcto and offcetivo, ami so uroau in its provisions tuat a wido rango of undertakings hns boon posslblo under it. At tho samo tinio oconomy is guaranteed by tho fact that tho funds must ultimately bo returned to bo usod over again. Jk, WAWMtaw. It is tho cnrdlnal feature of tho for- ost rcscrvo policy of this administration' thnt tho reserves nro for uso. What qver interferes with tho uso of thoir re sources is to bo avoided by every pos-( siblo moans. But theso resources must bo used in such a way as to mako them pormnnont. ' Tho forest policy of tho government 1b just now n subject of vivid public interest throughout tho west nnd to tho pooplo of tho Unitod States in genoral. Tho forest reserves thomsolves are of oxtromo vnluo to tho present as -well as to tho futuro welfaro of all the westorn public land states. Thoy pow orfully affect tho uso nnd disposal of tho public lands. Thoy nro of special importanco becauso thoy preserve the water supply and tho supply of timber for domestic purposes, nnd. so promoto settlement under tho reclamation act. Indeed, thoy nro essential to tho wel fare of overy ono of tho great interests of tho west. Forest reserves nro created for two principal purposes. Tho first is to pro servo tho water supply, This is their most important uso. Tho principle users. of tho wntor thus preserved nro irriga tion ranchers and settlers, cities nnd towns to whom their municipal water supplies nro of tho very first impor tance, usors and furnishers of water power and tho usors of wntor for do- mostlc, manufacturing, mining and other purposes. AH theso nro directly dependent upon tho forest reserves. Tho second reason for wfilcu forest reserves nro created is to preserve mo timbor supply for various classes of wood usors. Among tho more impor tant of theso nro settlers under tho re clamation act and othor acts, for whom a cheap and accessible, supply of tim bor for domestic uses is absolutely nee ossnry, miuors and prospectors who aro in serious danger of losing their timber supply by fire or through export by lumber companies when timber lands udjacent to their mines pass into pri vate ownership, lumbermon, transporta tion companies, buildcrfl and commor olnl interests in general. Although tho wisdom of creating for est reserves is nearly everywhere heartily recognized, yet in a few locali ties there has boon misunderstanding and complaint. -Tho following state ment is theroforo desirable: The forest reserve- policy can bo suc cessful only when It has tho full sup port of tho people of tho west. It can not safely and ehould not in any case bo tmposr-a upon them, ngalnst their will But neither can wo accept tho views Of thoso whoso only interest In tho forest Is temporary, who aro anx ious to renp what they havo not sown nnd then ntbvo awny, leaving desola tion behind them. On tho contrary, It is everywhere and always tho interest of tlio pennauent settler nnd tho per manent business man, tho man with n stnko in tho country, which must bo considered and which muBt decldo. Tho mnking of forest reserves within railroad nnd wagon road land grants will hereafter, as for tho past throo years, bo so managed ns to prevent tho Ibsuo, under net of Juno 4, 1807, of b.iBO' for oxchnngo or lieu selection (usually called scrip). In nil canes where forest reserves Within ureas cov ored by land grants nppoar to bo ca- sentlnl to tho prosperity of sottlors, minors or others, tho government lands within such proposed forest rcsorvos will, ns in tho recent past, bo with drawn from snlo or entry pending tho completion of such negotiations with tho owners of tho lnnd grants ns will prevent tho creation of so-cnlled scrip. It was formerly tho custom to mako forest reserves without first gotting dofinlto nnd detailed information as to tho character of land and timbor with in their boundaries. Tills mothod of action often resulted In badly chosen boundaries nnd consequent injustlco to sottlors and others. Thoreforo this nd ministration adopted tho pro3ont meth od of first withdrawing tho lnnd from disposal, followed by careful examina tion on tho ground nnd tho preparation of dotniled mnps nnd descriptions boj foro nny forest roservo is created. I havo ropentedly called attention to tho confusion which oxists In govern ment forest mntters becnuso tho work is scattered nmong threo indopondont organizations. Tho United States Is tlio only ono of tho great nations in which tho forest work of tlio govern ment is not concentrated under ono de partmont, in consonnnco with tho plain est dictntes of good administration nnd common sense. Tho present arrange mont is bad from ovory point of viow. Merely to moution it is to provo thnt it should bo terminated at once. As I havo ropcatedly rccoinmuiidod, all tho forest work of tho government should bo concentrated in tlio department of agriculture, whoro tho lnrger part of that work is already dono. where prac tically nil of tho trainod foresters of tho govornmont nro employed, where chiefly in AViishlngton there Is compro henslvo first-hand knowlcdgo of tlio problems of tho reserves ncquired on tho ground, where all problems relating to growth from tho soil are nlrondy gathered, nnd where nil tlio scionces auxiliary to forestry aro at hand for prompt and offoctivo co-oporation. Thoso reasons nro docisivq In them selves, but it should bo nddod that tho groat organizations nf citizens whoso intorcsts aro nffectod by tho forest re serves, such as tho National Llvo Stock association, tlio National wool urow- qrs' association, tho American Mining congress, tho National Irrigation con gress nnd tho National Board Of Trade, havo uniformly, omphntlcally, and moBt of thorn ropcatedly oxprosscd them solves in favor of placing nil govorn mont forost work in tlio departmont of agriculture becauso of tho peculiar adaptation of thnt department for it. It Is truo also that tho forest services of nearly all tho groat nations of tho world ar,o under respective dopnrtmonts of ngriculturo, whtlo In but two of tho smnllor nations and in ono colony are thoy under tho dopnrtmont of tlio In terior. This Is tho result of long nnd Varied oxperionce, nnd it agrees fully witli tho requirements of good adminis tration in our own case. Tho creation of a forost scrvico In tho dopnrtmont of agriculture "will havo for its important results: First a bettor handling of all for ost work, becauso it will bo under U singlo head and becnuso tho vast and In dispensable exporionco of tho depart ment in all mnttors pertaining to for est reserves, to forestry in general, and to ohcr forms of production from tho soil, will bo easily nrtd rapidly acces sible. Second Tho Toscrvos themsolvos, bo lng handled from tho point of viow of tho mnn in tho Hold instead of the man in tho ofllco, will bo moro easily and moro widely useful to the peoplo of the west than has boon tho caso hitherto. Third Within n comparatively short time tho reserves will become self-supporting. This is important, becnuso continually and rapidly increasing ap propriations -will bo nocessnry for tho proper euro of this exceedingly impor tant interest of tho natiou, and thoy can and ehould bo offset by returns from tho nntlonul forests. Under similar clr (Jumstnncos tho forest possessions of other great nations form au Important soureo of rovenuo to thoir governments. Evorv ndministrativo officer con cerned is convincod of tho necessity for tho proposed consolidation of forost work in tho department of ngriculturo, and I myself havo uged It moro than inco in formor messages. Agaiu I com mend it to the early and favorable con lil(.ratlon of tho coucrress. Tho inter ests of tho nation at large nnd of tho went in particular havo suffered greatly becauso of tho delay. Public Lands. I call tho, attention of tho congress again to tho report and recommendation of tho commission on tho public lands forwarded by mo to tho second sosslon of tho present congress. The commis sion has prosecuted its investigations .illvcly during tho past season, and a second report is now In an ndvancod stage of preparation. Game Preserves. In connection with tho work of tho forest reserves I desire aguin to urgo Upon tho congress tho Importanco autuorizing tuo president io boi of nsldo other public lands as gamo' refuges for tho preservation of tho bison, tho wapiti and other largo beasts once so nbund nnt in our woods nnd mountains nnd on our groat plains and now tending tbwnrd extinction. Every support should bo givon to tho authorities of tho Ycllowstono park in thoir, successful offorts at preserving tho largo creatures therein, nnd at very littlo expenso por tions of tho public domain in other re gions which nro wholly unsuitod to ag ricultural settlement could lib similarly utilized. Wo owo it to futuro genera tions" to keep alivo tho noblo and beau tiful creatures which by their presenco ndd such distinctive ehnrnctor to tho American wilderness. Tho limits of tho Ycllowstono park should bo extended southwards. Tho canyon of tlio Colo rado should bo mado a national pnrlc, ana tho national pnrk system should include tho Yosemlto nnd as many as posslblo of tho groves of giant trees in California. Pensions. Tlio veterans of tho civil war havo a claim upon tho nation such as no other body of our citizens possess. Tho pension buroauhas novor In Its history boon managed in a. more satisfactory manner thnn is now tho case. Indians. , Tlio progross-of tho Indlnn toward civilization, though not rapid, is per haps till that could bo hoped for in viow of, tho olrcumstances. Within tho past year many tribes hnvo shown, in a do- groo grentor than ever before, nn np- proclatlon nf tho necessity of work. This chongo of nttitudo is in part due to tho policy rccontly pursued of ro duniug tho nmount of subflistonco to tho Indians, and thus forcing thorn, through sheer necessity, to work for a livelihood. Tho policy, though sovoro, is n usoful One, but It is to bo exercised only with judgmont and with u full understand lug of tho conditions which exist in each community for which it Is intondod. On or near tho Indlnn reservations there is usunlh vory littlo demnnd for labor, nnd if tho Indians nro to earn thoir living nnd whon worK cannot uo furnished from outsido (which is nl ways prcforablo), then it must bo fur nished by the government. Practical instruction of this kind would in a fow years result in tho forming of habits of regular industry, which would ren der tlio Indian a producer and would effect n great reduction in tho cost of his maintenance. . It is commonly doclnrod that tho slow advanco of tho Indians is due to tho uiiBntiBfac'tory character of tho mon np pointed to tako immediato clmrgo of thorn, and to somo oxtent tills is truo. While, tlio standard of tho employes in tho Indian sorvico bIiowb groat improvo mont over that of bygono years, and whilo actual corruption or flagrant dis honesty is now tlio rnro exception, it Is nevertheless tho fact that tho salaries paid Indian ngonts nro not largo onough to attract tlio best mon to thnt floid of work. To oehiovo satisfactory re sults tho ofllcial in chargo of an Indlnn tribo should possoss tlio high qunliHcu tions which nro required in tho mnna gor of- a large business, but only In ex ceptional cases is it possiblo to socuro mon of nuoh tvno for thoBO positions. Much hotter sorvico, howovor, might bo obtnlncd from thoso now holding tho plnccs whero It Is practlcablo to got out of them tho best that is in thorn and this should bo dono by bringing thorn constantly Into elosor touch with Ihuii' superior officers. An agt who has been content to draw his salary, giving in return tho least possiblo equiv alent in effort and sorvico, may, by prepor treatmont, by suggestion and encouragement or porflistont urglug, be stimulated to greater effort and induced to tako a moro activo porsonol intorcst in his work. Under existing conditlous an Indian ngont in tho distant west may bo wholly out of touch with tho ofllco of tho In dian bureau, Ho may very well fool that no ono takes a twbomiI Interest In him or his offorts. Uortuin routino duties In tho way of reports nnd ac counts nro required of him, but tlioro Is no ono with whom ho may intelli gently 'consult on mutters vital to his work oxcopt aftor long delay. Such a man would bo grrntly encouraged and aided by personal contact with somo ono whoso Interest in Indian affairs nnd whoso authority In tho Indian bureau wore greator than his own, and such contact would bo ccrtalu to nrduso und finimtimtlv increase tho intorost he takes in IiIh work. ThO distance which separates the agents tho workers in tho field from tho Indian ofllco nt Washington is a ohlof obstnelo to Indian progress. What ever shall moro closely unite theso two brunches of tho Indlnn sorvico and shall onablo them to roopornto moro heartily and moro effectively, will bo for tho in creased eflieiency of tho work nnd tho betterment of tho rneo for whoso im provement tho Indian bureau was ostab lishod. Tho appointment of a flold as sistant to tho commissioner of Indian affnira would bo certain to inmiro this good end. Such nn ofllcial, if possossod qf tho requlslto oncrgj' and dcop Inter est in tlio work, would bo u most effi cient factor in bringing into elosor re lationship nnd a moro direct union of effort tho bureau in Washington and its agents In tho flold, nnd with tho co operation of Hb branches thus secured tho Indian bureau would, in n measure fuller than over boforc, lift up tho sav itgu toward that self-help and solf-ro Hanco which constitute tho man. Jamestown Trlcentonnlal. In 1007 thoro will bo hold at Ilamp. ton Itonds tho trfceiitoriniiil of tho set tlement nt Jamestown, Vu., with which tho history of what has now become liiv Tiniti.(l Htntoa ronllv begins. I com- I mend this to your favornblo consldorii itlon. It Is nn event of prime, historic significance, in which nil tno poopio m tho Unitod States should feel and should show great and general interest. Postal Sorvico. In tho postofllco departmont tho serv ice has incroaied in eflieiency, nnd con dltions ns to rovenuo and expoudlturo coutlnuo satisfactory. Tho increase of revenue, during tho year was $9,3j8, 181.10, or 0.0 per cent, tho total receipts Amounting to $143,382,024.34. Tho ex penditures wore $152,302,110.70, an iiv erease of about 0 percent over tho pre vious year, bolng thus $8,070,493.80 in access of the current revenue. Included In theoe expenditures wn u. nmu jf ccrtnin portions of theso reservos or propmtlon of $12,050,037.35 for tho con- ttnuation nnd extension of tho rural froO dollvory service, which was nn increase of $4,002,237,30 over tho amount ex pended for tills purposo In tho preced ing fiscal year. Largo as tills expendi ture naa been, tlio boneucent results at tained in oxtondlng tho frco distribu tion of mails to tho rcsldonts of rural districts havo justlflod tho wisdom of tho outlay. Statistics brought down to tho 1st of Octobor, 1004, show that on that dato thoro wore 27,138 rural routos established, serving approximately 12, 000,000 of people in rural districts ro moto from postofllccs, and that there were pending at that tlmo 3,850 peti tions for tho establishment or now rural routes. Unquestionably boiuo part of tho general increase in receipts is duo to tho increased postal facilities which tho rural sorvico has afforded. Tho rev enues havo also boon aided greatly by amcudments in tho classification of mall matter, and tho curtailment of abusos of tho second-class mailing prlvilogo, Tho averngo Incrcasa in tho volume of mall matter for tho period beginning with liua anil oniung iuno. ivvo ,j.ua, portion for 190C boing estimated), is 40.47 per cent, as compared with 2C.40 nor cent for tho period immodlatoly pro- coding, nnd 15.92 for tho four-yonr po- rlod. immediately preceding iiini. Consular Service. Our consular service noeds improve ment. Salaries should bo substituted for fees, and tho prepor classification, grading nnd tronsicr or consular omours should bo provided. I am not propnred to say that a compotltlvo system of examinations for appointment would work well, but by law it Bhould bo pro vided thnt consuls should bo- familiar, according to plnces for which thoy np ply, with tho Frwioh, Gorman or Span ish lnngungos, and should possess ne qunlntnnco with tho resources of the United Stntes. National Oallory of Art. Tim inllnction of obiocts of art con- tomplntcd in Bootlon 5580 of tho revised statutes should Da uosinnaiou unu es tablished as a national gallery of art, and tho Smithsonian Institution should bo authorized to nccopt any additions to said collection that may bo rocoivou by gift, bequest or devlso. National Quarantine Law. It is deslrnblo to enact a national quarantlno law. It Is aiost undesira ble that a stato should on Us own init tintlvo enforce quarantlno regulations which are in offoct a restriction upon intcrstato and international commorco. Thn miration should properly bo ns- sumed by tho govornmont nlono. The surgeon-gonernl of tho nutlonnl public hoalth and muriiio nospuai sorvico una ropoutodly and convincingly set forth tho need of such legislation. Extravaganco in Printing. I call your (vttnntiou to tho great ex travaganco in printing nnd binding gov ornmont publications, and especially to tho fact that altogether too many of theso publications aro printed. There is a coiiBtnnt tendency to Incronso thoir number and thoir volume. It is an un der etatcmont to Bay that no apprecia ble harm would bo causod by, and sub ntnntinl Iinnoflt would uccruo from, do- croaHlng tho amount of printing now dono by at loaBt ono-uair. A-roonoiy vuo nront mnlorltv of ,tho covernmout re ports ana tnq hko now priuLvuuro uuw rnmi nt nil. and. f iirthormoro, tho print ing of much of tlio matorial contained in many of tho romnining one norvun no useful purposo whntever. Currency. Tho attention of tho congress nhoulJ bo especially givon to tho currency question, and thnt tho standing com mlttoes on tho matter in tho two houses chnrgod with tlio duty, tako up tho mat tor of our currency nnd Boo whother It in not possiblo to Bocuro an agree ment in tho businoBS world for better ing tho system j the committees should consider tho question of tho retirement of tlio groonbacks nnd tho problom of securing in our currency such olnstlclty as Is consistent with snfoty. Every sli vor dollnr should bo made by law ro doomablo In gold nt tho option of tho holder. Merchant Marino. 1 I ospoclally commend to your lmme dlnte attention tho oiieourngQiiiont of our inerchunt mnrinO by appropriate legislation. nriflnt.il Markots. Tho growing importanco of the orient as a flold for American oxportH drew from my predecessor, President McK In toy, nn urgent request for its special consideration by tho congress. In his message of 1898 ho stated: "In thiH rclntion, ns showing tho pe culiar volumo mid value of our trado with China and tho peculiarly favorablo condltloiiH which exist for thoir expan sion in the normul course of trade, 1 refer to tho communication addrossoa to tho Bpoakor of tho house of repro wntatlves by tho secretary of tho treasury on tlio 14 th of last Juno, with Its accompanying letter of tho secretary of Btnte, recommending an appropria tion for a commission to utudy the in .i..iii nml rnmmcrrial conditions in tho Chinese empire nnd to report as to tho opportunities for and tho obstacles to tho enlargement of markets In China for tho raw products nnd innnufacturoH of tho United States. Astlon was not taken thereon during tho last session. I cordially urgo that tho rocommenda. tlmi receive lit your hands tlio consirt iration which its importanco and time UnoHH merit." . In ills annual messngo of 1800 ho igain called attention to this recom mendation, quoting it, and stated further! , ... 'I now renew this recommendation, is tlio Importance of tho subject has susdllv grown since it wuh first sub- mitted to you, ami no um m " lost in studying for ourselves tho re sources of thin great field for American trado and enterprise." Tho importance of securing proper In formation and data with a view to th onlargemoiit of our trade with Asm Is undiminished. Our consular represen .niii in ('iiiniL hnvo stronuly uruod a pluco for permanent display of Ameri can products in nomo prominent trado center In that empire, under govern ,ii pnntrnl nml muuiiuemont, as au cf fectivo moans of advancing our export t-a.ln ll.nrnln. 1 call tllO nttOUUQn. Of tho congreBs to tho doslrubllity of car rying out theso suggestions. Immigration and Naturalisation. In dealing withaho questions of Jm, migration and naturalization It Ib ! dlsponsablo to koep certain foo,ts ever boforo tho minds of -those who haro in enacting tho laws. First jind, foremost, lot us remember that tho question- of, be ing n good American has nothing what ovor to do with a man's birthplace, any moro than it has to do with his crooa. In ovory generation from the time this govornmont was founded moa of for eign birth havo stood in tho vory foro most rank of good citizenship, nnd that not moroly in ono, but in every field of American, activity, whilo to try to draw a distinction botwoon tho man whoao ( parouts camo to this country and the man whoso ancestors camo to it several gouorationa back is n mqre ataruiiy. Good Americanism is a mntter of heart, of conscience, of lofty aspiration, of sound common bousc, but not or. uirtu placo or of crecdt Tho medal of honor, tlio High prizo to PO won ujr uww servo in tho army and tho navy of the United States decoratoa mon born here, and It also decoratoa mon bora In Great Britain nnd Ireland, in Germany, In Scandinavia, in France, and doubtless in othor countrios also. In tho field of. statesmanship, in tho field of businew, ih tho flold of philanthropic endeavor, it is equally truo that among tho men Of whom wo aro most, prouu uo iviu canB, no distinction whatover ean po drawn between thoso who themselves or whoso pnrontB camo ovor m a sailing ship or stoanior from across the water and thoso whoso ancestors stepped ashore Into tho wooded wilderness a Plymouth or at tho mouth of the Hud son, tho Dolawnro or the James nearly throo contnrlcs ngo. No follow- cltlzea df oprs is ontftlcd to any pocullar re gard becauso of tho way in whlca- worships his Maker, or becauso of. tlw birthplace of himself or his- !" rtor should ho bo- In nny way di4L' riatod against therefor. Back BHt stand on his worth ns a man, aaQ each, is entitlod to bft judged solely therftby Thoro Is no danger of having tea. many Immigrants of tho right kla It -mnkes no dlfforcneo from whateoiwwy i imv camn. If thev nro sound in. wdy and mind, and, nbovo all, if thfcy are of good character) o that wo can rest assured that their children and graad- children will be worthy reiiow euueas. of our children and-grandchildren, then wo ehould wclcomo thorn with cordial hospitality, . . , , But tho citizenship- of this country should not bo debased. It Is vital that wo ehould keop high tho standard of Wollbclng among our wage-worlsers, and theroforo we should not admit u.ta nt .tiArt wtionn standards of liv ing and whoso poreonal customs and habits aro such that thoy tend to lower tho love! of tho American wago-warkor; Und, abovo all, wo should nor, numv any mnn of nn unworthy type any man concerning whom we can say that -He will himself bo n bad citiaeii, or tst his children nnd grandchildren swill de tract from Instond or adding re mo pum of tho good citizenship of tho country. Similarly we should tako the greatest qaro about naturalization. Fraudulent naturullzotlon, tho naturalization o Impropor porsonB, Is a urso to onr gov qrnmont, and It Is tho affair of every, honest voter, whorovor born, to see that no fraudulent voting is ii that no fraud in connection with Bt uralization 1b pormlttcd. In tho past yoar tno cases tu , fraudulent and impropor natural!- H t nllnnn pomlnff to tllO nttoatlO of tho oxocutlvo brnnchos of tho gov ernment havo increased to an alarming dogroo. Extensive sslss of forged cer tificates of naturalization havo been discovered, as woll as many cases o naturalization scoured by perjury and fraud; and, in addition, instances havo accumulated showing that many courts issuo certificates of naturalization caror lossly nnd upon iusuruclont oviuonce. Under tho conHtltutlon it is in the power of tlio congress "to establish a uniform rule of nnturllzntlon," and .nu merous laws havo from time to time boon enacted for that purposo, 'which havo been eupplomontod In a few states by state laws having special nnplieV tion. Tho federal statutes ponnlt sat uralization by any court of record In tim iTnitml Rtntas havintr common Jaw jurisdiction and a seal nnd xjtork, except tho. polico court or mo msiru u. . Hunbia, and nearly all these courts orciso this important function. It- re sults that whero so many courts of. truth varying grades havo jurisdiction therei 1b lack of uniformity in ihe rule ap plied in conferring naturalization. Soo courts aro strict and others 4ax. A alien who may Bocuro- naturalization -In ono placo might bo denied it in i as othor, und tho intent of (the constitu tional provision is in fact defeated Furhormore, Ihrt certificates of natur alization Issued by the courts dMTer widely In wording nnd appearance, .Md whon thoy are brought Into uso In .for-i olgn countries aro frequently subject to suspicion. . .,.... Naturalization Laws Bhould Be RevwA There should bo a comprehensive lot vision of iho noturallzation laws. Tat coirrts having power to naturalizs should bo definitely namod by natlwuU authority; the testimony Upon bleh ...tM-niivniinn niiiv im conferred should Jio definitely prescribed publication ot impending naturalization nppllcatlouB Should bo required in advanco of their hooTing in count tno iorm uuu nw Ipg of nil certificates lssuod should be Uniform throughout tho country, and tho courts should bo roquireu iw w returns to tho secretary of state ttt stated periods of all naturalizations conferred. Laws Concerning guuewmip. Not only nro the laws relating to nat uralization now dcfoctlvo, but thoie i roj biting to eltizonshlp of the United States ought also to bo mode the eul joct of scientific Inquiry with, a view to probable further JcgWutioa. y what acts expatriation may be assumed to havo boon accomplished, how long on American citizen may reside, abroad and receive tho protection of our pas port, whether any degree of protection should bo extended to one- who has ihado the declaration of intention to become a citizen of tho United States hot has not secured naturalization, ure questions of serious import) Involv Ug personal tights and often produebjig frltitlon between this government and foreign governments. Yot upon those questions our laws nro- silvut. I mend that an examinatlombe wade Into ii. ,.i.iu if Mtlzonshiti.t expatriation 'and ' protection of Americans abroad, 'FJ I Ml . 11 Ml Vi