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About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 1904)
j - ""ifmflfT'i fenfcl OAitY CAtoAt JOttfltTAl, 0A1BM, OllEdON, fftfldflttAY, D3ESOEM8EB 0, 1004, wltji a' vlow to proper legislation. Protection of Elcctloao. TOo povrcr of tho government to protect tho Integrity of tho olectlons of US own nfflfllnln ta l1,.i .1 v been recognized ami .nt.,nn.i 1 ri., peated declarations of tho supremo court. Thef6 1b no enemy of freo gov crnmont moro dangerous and nono bo insidious as tho corruption of tho clcc St No ono defenl or excuses cor tuption, and it would seem to follow that nono would oppose vigorous mens wrea to eradlcato ft. I recommend the ennctmont of a. law directed against bribery nnd corruption In fodornl elec tions. Tho details of such a law may bo eafoly left to tho wise discretion of ..... "uijii., uui it snouiu go as far an under tho constitution It is possible to go, nnd should include sovoro penal ties ngalnst him who givos or receives n btfbo intonded to inlluonco his act or vplnion ns an elector, and provisions for tho publication, not only of tho ex penditures for nominations nnd elec tions of all candidates, but also of all contributions recelvod and expenditures mndo bv nollttcnl vnnimltf... Delays In Criminal Prosecutions. No subject Jg bettor worthy tho nt tontlon of tho congress than that por tlon of tho report of tho nttorney gon crnl dealing with tho long delays and the great obstruction to justico oxpo rjonced la tho cases of Beavers, Croon and Oaynor, and Bonson. Wcro theso isolated and special cases, I should not Call VOtlr nttnntlnn tn ll,. l...i il. 11. Acuities encountorod as regards theso .v.., .. uavo ooen mulcted for crim inal practices, aro not exceptional; thoy are preeis.oiy similar in kind to what opsurs again nnd again in the caso of criminals who havo sufficient moans to enablo them, to tako advantago of a system of procedure which lins grown up in tho federal courts nnd which amounts in effect to making tho lnw c,?J5.of enforcement against tho man yho has no monoy, and difficult of en forcement, oven to tho point of some times securing immunity, ns rogards tho man who has money. In criminal cases the writ of tho United States should run throughout its borders. Tho wheels of justfeo should not bo cloggod, nfl. they havo boon clogged in the casos above montlonod, whoro It has proved -uouiumi jmpossjDio to bring' tbo ac cused to tho placo appointed by tho con stitution for his trial. Of recent years thoro has boon gravo and increas ing complaint of tho difficulty of bring Ing to justico thoso criminals whoso criminality, instead of being against ono person In the republic is against all persons In tho republic, bocauBo It is against tho ropublie Itself. Under any circumstances, and from tho very nature of tho caso, it is often exceed ingly difficult to sucuro proper punish ment of thoso who havo boon guiltv of Wronc-doinff ntrntnut Mm .. .'i Uy the time tho offondor can bo brought into court tho popular wrath against him has generally subsided, nnd horo is In most Instnncos very slight dungor Indeed, of any projudico oxisting in tho minds of tho jury against him. At pros ent tho intorpsis of tho innocent mnn aro simply safeguarded, but tho Inter ests of tho governmont-thnt is, tho in terests of honest administration, that is the Interests of tho peoplo aro not rec ognised as thoy should bo. No subject hotter warrants tho nttontlon of the congress. Indeed, no subject bottor warrants tho attention of tho bonch nnd tho bar throughout tho United States. Alaska. Jftsks, H!:o all lr territorial acqui sitions, hns proved resourceful beyond tllO OXPtlCtlltlnna nt tlinan ilin ...... . tl. , - w a..a.... null IIIMIIU HIT puronnse. It has bocomo tho homo of many hardy, Industrious nnd thrifty American eltlzons. Towns of a perma nent ehnrnctor Imvo boon built. Tho extent of its wealth in minornls, tim ber, fisheries nnd ngriculturo, whllo great, is probably not comprohondod yet In nny just monsuro by our people o know, howovor, that from a vory small boglnning its products havo grown until thoy aro a steady nnd ma terial contribution to the wealth of tho nation. Owing to tho immensity of Alaska nnd its location In tho far north it Is. ft dlCIcult matter to provldo many things essontlill to its growth and to mo uuppmosft ami comrort of its pooplo by privnto ontorprlso nlono. ' It should, theroforo. rocelvo rnnnminliln nlil f-n. tho govornmont. Tho government hnsl mreuur uuno excellent work for Alaska In laying eablos and building tolograph lines. This work has boon dono lu tho most economical and efficient way by tho signal corps of tho army. In aomo respects It has outgrown Us present laws, whllo in others thoso laws havo boon found to bo inadequate. In -order to obtain Information upon Which I COUld rolv T rnnan.l nn nm.t.l of tho dopartmont of justice, in whoso judgment I havo cantldouco, to visit Alaska during tho past summor for tho purpose- of ascertaining how govorn mont Is ndmiulBtcrcil thoro nnd what legislation is actually ncoded nt present. A statement of tho conditions fouud tp exist, together with some recommen dations and tho reasons thorofor, in whleh I strongly conour, will bo found in tho annual report of tho nttornoy general. In some instances I foel that mo legislation suggestou is so Impera tively nooded that I nm moved briefly to eraphaslso tho nttornoy general ' - proposals. Under tho codo of Alaska as It now stands mauy purely administrative powors and duties, Including by far tho most important, devolve upon tho dis trict judges or upon tho clerks of tho s district court acting undor tho diraa 'tion of tho judges, while tho governor, upon whom theso powers and duties should logically fall, has nothing spo- vino iu io oxcupt iu niBKo annual re ports, twruo Thanksgiving day procla mations tend appoint Indian policemen and notaries public, I boliove it essen tial to good government In Alaska, and therefore, recommend that tho congress direst the district judges aud tho clerks of their courts of tho administrative or fxocutlvo functions that they now ex ercise, and oast them upon the gov ernor. This would not bo nu innova tion j It would simply conform the gov ernment of Alaska to fundamental prln- flllllflfl infttftAil lt n mnrnlx- vinmlnal . flee, and leaving the judges free to give their entire attention to their ju- C.tplfcl fllttlna am) nt tlin amiiA tl.nn ..a. moving them from a great deal of tho( aiua tuny uuit vuiuarrussvB iuo jmiio lal office' of Alaska. I also recommend that tho salaries of tho district judges and district attor neys in Alaska bo increased so as to mftkfl them ennnl in tlinan rnontvn1 W corresponding officers In the United States nftcr deducting tho difference In tho cost of Hvlngj that tho district at- tomevs should hn nrnTillilfml tmm n. gaging In privnto practico; that United States commissioners be appointed by tho governor of tho territory instead of bv tho district Inilim nm1 tlinf n flvo.l salary bo provided for them to take tho nlncn nf tlm iWnmAttnA ur- .-. tCm.'' Wlllch dllhlllll lia nhnltatinrl In nit offices! that n mrtnnteil ntiaftilittlnv I. n created to polico tho territory outside iuu nimm m incorporate! towns a vast section how wholly without polico pro tection, nnd thnt somo provision bo mado to nt least lessen tho oppressive delayB and costs thnt now attend tho PrOSCClltion Of nnnnnln frntn ihn 1latrl.f court of Alaska. Thoro should bo a di vision of tho existing judicial districts, nnd Iin !nrrnaA tn tlin ntimltn. n Judiros. Alaska should havo n delegate In tho uuiiBress. wncro possiuio tno congress should nid in tho construction of ncedod wagon roads. Additional light houses should be provided. In my judgment, It is especially important to nid in such manner ns seems just nnd feasible in tho cnnofrnnUnn nt n fmnlr ttnn nt mil. way to connect Gulf of Alaska with thp Yukon river through American ter ritory. This wnnlil hn tnnaf. linnnflnfnl to tho development of tho rosources of tho territory nnd to tho comfort nnd wolfnro of its people. Salmon hntcllPrica nlmnM hn natnli. Hshed in many different streams, so as to SCCliro Preservation of tlita vnlnnMn food fish. Salmon flsheries and canner ies should bo nrohllittnil nn nnrtnin nt tho rivers whero tho mass of thoso In dians dwell who livo almost exclusively on fish, Tho Alnsknn nntlves nro kindly, in telligent, nnxious to learn and willing to work. Thoso who havo como under tho inflUOnCO of clvilfzntinn nvnn tnr n limited porlod, havo provod thoir capa bility of becoming self-supporting, self Respecting cltlrons, and nBk only for tho IltHt ntlfnrcpmnnf nt lonr nn.1 Inttll!- gont instruction nnd supervision. Oth- urn, nvmg in moro romoto regions, prim itive. Blmnlo huntnrn nnd flolinr fnr who know only tho lifo of tho woods nnd tho wators, aro dally bolng con fronted with twontloth century civili zation With nil Of ita onmnlarltlim Their country is being ovorrun by irniiBur, mo gamo sinuglitorcU and driven away, tho streams depleted of fish, nnd hitherto rnilmnmn nnrl fntnl disonses brought to them, nil of which cuniuiiio to prouueo n stftto of abject DOVcrtv and wnnt wlilnli mini vn.,,n ; - - ...,w ,,...u.. .....Dlr 1VOUI. 411 iiieir extinction. Action in flmir intn... est is domnnded by ovory considorn- nuu iu jubuco ami numatuty. Tho needs of thoso peoplo are: Tho abolition of tho present foo sys- torn, whereby tho nntlvo Is degraded, imposod upon nnd tnught tho injustico of law. ThO OStabllslimnnt nf linanltnl. ni. central points so that contagious dis- OaSOS thnt nm firnnrrlif n !,. .. tlnually by incoming whltos may be lo calized and not allowed to becomo opl- uciiuo, vo sprena cioutn ana destitutlou rtVer great areas. Tho dovclonmnnt nt Mm nln.itu..ni system In tho form of practical train Ing in Biich industries ns will nssuro the Indians solf-support under tho V.t.liiUU UUiltilLiltnrt III WiMf.il t inv -nrili havo to live. ThO duties of thn nfon nt ). ....... or SllOUlil bn nxtnmlnl in Innln.ln l. supervision of Indian affairs, with nec essary assistants In different districts. Ho should bo provldod with tho menus and tho power to protect nnd ndvlso the native pooplo, to furnish medlchl trontmont in time of epidemics, nnd to oxtend mntorial reliof in periods of famine nnd oxtromo destitution. Hawaii and Porto Rice. Tho Alaskan nntivna ahnnlii ) iuin tho right to qcquiro, hold and disposo Of PrOPOrtV linnn tlin sntnn Mi.lltlnra .. ..... s,.."s , r . . " -....ua kiwi, umur inunoitnntB, anil tlio priv "l,Ku i i-nieiiBuip snouid do given to Bllch IIS mnv bn nliln in .nf .i.L doflnlto rociuirements. In Hawaii con gress should givo tho governor power to removo nil tho officials appointed under him. Tim Iml,,,- c tt 1..1.. should bo drodged. Tho mnriuo hos- iiui uorvico snouiu Do ompowerod to speclul consideration for tho report nnd recommendations of tho governor of in in men. Foreign Policy. In treatini? of nnr fnmliri. .mil... nn,1 Of the nttiludo that this great nation iiuum nssumo in tiio world nt lnrge,, It is absolutely nocessary to consider ...u utinjr mm mo navy, anil tno con gress, through whleh tho thought of tho nation finds its expression, should kcop over vividly in mind tho funda mental fact that It is impossible to treat our foroign policy, whether this policy takes shape in tho effort to se cure illStil'O for ntlinrn np In.ll fn. ourselves, biwo as conditioned upon the attitude wo aro willing to tako toward our army, nnd especially toward our navy. It Is not mm-nlv imwi it ( contemptible for a nution, as for on individual. tO USA llioh.nnilllllllin- Inn. guago to proclaim its purposes or to take positions whleh nro ridiculous if unsupported by potontlnl force, and thon to refuso to provldo this force, If thoro is no Intnntlnn nt n.mMlnr. and of keeping tho force lieaessary to uhuh uji u nirong aitiiuuo, tnen tt is rar bottor not to assume such an attitude. The BtClldv nim nf this nntlnn na nt all enlightened nations, should bo to ontvu iu uiuiK over nenrer tuo day when thcro shall nrnvnil tlirnnnhnnt ).. world tho tioncfl nf IhsIIca ti.... ra kinds of peace which ure highly unde- ainiuu', wnien nro iu tno long run as destructive as any war. Tyrants hnd oppressors hnvo many times made a wilderness and called It peace. Many times peoples who wero slothful or timid or hnrt-Blflitful wlm l.ml !., enervated by ease or by luxury or mis- iv-ii iiv tiuou luucuings, nave snrunK in unnlonlv fashion fmm ilnlnn- .li.lv l,. Was Stem and thnt nnmlml nnlf.ani.rtax. and havo sought to hide from their own minds their shortcomings, their Ig noble motives, by calling them love of pence. Tho uesce nf vnmnniia irmr tho pence of craven weakness, the peaco of Injustice, all these should be shunned as wo shun unrighteous war. The goal to sot boforo us as a nntlon, tho goal which should bo set before all mankind, is tho attainment nf thn notion nf 4..c tico, of tho pcaco which comes whon each nation is not merely safo-guardod In its own rights, but scrupulously roe ocrnizes nnd ncrfornm it 1ntv tnnn.,1 others. Generally penco tells for right eousness, but If thero is conflict be tween the two, then our fealty is due first to tho CnilRO nf rSn-htonuimneii TTn. righteous wars aro common, and un- rigmeous pcaco is rare, but both should 1)0 shunned. Tlin l-io-ht nf frnn.lnm nn.l tho responsibility for tho bxorciso of thnt right cannot bo divorced. Ono of our-grcat poets has woll and finely eald that freedom in not. n. crlft tlmt tni long In tho hnnds of cowards. Noithor iiuub li. inrry long in tno nanus of thoso tOO Slothful, ton lltahnnnat nr Inn .ml. tcllicront tn mrnrolan It. Tlin ! vigilance which is the prico of liberty must be oxnrclnml. nnmntlmno tn ....! ngalnst outsido foes, nlthough, of conrso, far moro often tn minr.1 niminof n... pwn selfish or thoughtless shortcom ings. If these sclf-ovldont truths nro kept before us, nnd only If they are so kopt boforo us, wo shall have a clear idea of what our fnrnln-n nnltnv in li !. aspects should be. It is our duty to remombi?r thnt. n nntlnn i,n Z. right to do injustico to another nation, strong or weak, than nn Individual has to do Inllinttcn in nnnM.ni. !,lt..l.1..l . that tho Bamo moral law applies in ono i;" u in mo otner. iini wo must also rcmombor thnt It in n mnni, i, ,i..i.. -- - ...u. b..u uuir Ot tlio nation tn mmr1 nrminat un rights nnd its own interests as it is tho duty of tho individual so to do. Within tho nation tho indivldunl hns now dclecntcd thin rlohi in tim ,.. that is, to tho roprcsontntlvo of all tho ...i.iviiiuuis, ami it is a maxim of tho lnw that for ovory wrong thero is a remedy. Rut. .n lninrnnH..nt t. "- -" .vi,ii,.iuiiui JIHV WU liavo not udvnnccd by nny .means ns far uo wo imvo uiivanccd in municipal law. Thero is vet nn I'lulMni wn- ing n right in internationsl law. When ono nation wrongs nnothor or wrongs many others, thoro Is no tribunal boforo which tho wrong-door can bo brought. Hither it Is nwran-i- aim!nnl quicsco in tho wrong nnd thus put n premium upon brutality nnd nggression, ui uinu it is nnp.PRflnrv tnr tim nr..;A..A,? nation vnliantly to stand up for its rights. Until somo method is dovisod by which thero shall bo a degrco of In tornntionnl control nun. nirn.,n.. t - w . u uui:uuiui 1114- tious, it would bo a wicked thing for tho most civilized powers, for thoso with most snnsA nf tif.co4lAi -1..1 gations nnd with keonest nnd most gen- .uiiB uiirt!cniiion or tno diirorenco bo- tWCOn rifrht mill xurnnrr ....... Tl l ?"..-.,- """!? '" 'li AI wiu uruui civinzoi nntinna nf tl,n ,.- ont dny should completely disarm, tho result would menn an immodinto rocru dosconco of barbarism in ono form or another. Under nnv ntroiimatnnna sufficient nrmamont would havo to bo uept up to Borvo tho purposes of interna tional noli CO! nnil until liin-nniinni . hesion nnd tho senso of international du ties and rights aro far moro advanced than at present, n nation desirous both of securing rnfmnot tn Ualf n.i ..a .iA -.. ,.v . .ouu .IUU Ui uu- ing good to others must havo a forco uuonuuio ior tno work which it feels ih iiiiotieii to it as its part of tho gen- Ornl World dllt.'. Tlinrnfnrn fnllnn.. that a self-respecting, just and far seeing nation should on tho ono hand ondeavor by ovory moans to nid In tho develonment nf thn vrtrimta mn.A,MM.n which tend to provldo substitutes for war, which tend to rondcr nations in their actions 'townrd ono another, and Indeod townrd thoir own peoples, moro responsivo to tho gonernl sentiment of humnno nnd civilized mankind, nnd on tho other hand thnt. it. ahnnl,l !, n.. parod, whllo scrupulously avoiding muuK-uuiui; usoir, to ropol nny wrong, and in exceptional ensos to tako action which in n mnrn ndvnni-ml ilnn nf l. tornntlonnl rolntlons would como under tno iiena or tho oxorciso of tho Inter national POlico. A (Trent. frnn nnnnln OWeS it tO itKnIf nnil in nil .nni.Vln.1 .,.t to sink into helplessness beforo tho powors of evil. Arbitration Troaties. Wo nro in ovory wny endeavoring to holp on, with cordinl good will, overy movoment which will tend to bring us into moro friondlv rnlntinna M.ifl. tl.n rest of mUnkind. In pursuanco of this policy I shall shortly lay before tho sonato treaties of arbitration with all POWOrs which nrn willln.r tn nnln. inn theso treaties with us. It is not possl- uiv nt huh period or tno world's devel opment to nirren tn nrliitrntn nil .. tors, but thorn nrn mnnv mnltn.n nf po.isibla difference botwoon us and oth- ur nations wiucu enn bo thus nrbitrnted. Furhermoro. nt tlin mmmot nt thn Tn. tornarlilUliantnrv' iintnn nn nn.L..i body composed of practical statesmen from nil countries, I havo asked the POWerS tO loin with thin imirmnmnnl In u second Hague conference, nt which it . nopou mat tno work already so hap pily begun nt Tho Hague may bo car- ried Somn stmiit fnrthnr lim.n.,1 ,.,.,i -I -..v. w....... wwniriu tlon. This enrries out tho deslro ex pressed by tho first Hague, conference itself. Policy Toward Other Nations of West- em uenuspbore. It is not true thnt thn TTnlt.i.1 atina feels 1111V land hunirnr nr nntnrtntna nnv lin7jui us regnnis tno other nations of the Western Homisphore save such ns nro for their wolfare. All that this country desires is to bco tho neighbor- illir Countries stnlile. nr.lnrlv nml nm. perous. Any country whoso peoplo con duct thCUlSelVeS Woll enn rnnnt linnn our henrtv friemlahin. Tf . nin.. shows thnt it knows how to act with reasonable otileicney nnd decency in so cial and political matters, if it keops uruvr ami pays, us oougauous, It need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wronc-ilninir nr nn iin. potenro which results In a gonoral lOOSCUinir Of the tins nf civlliTnl an. oiety may in America, ns elsewhere, ul timately require intervention, by some civilized nation, nnd in thn Vfr.. Hemisphere the udherenre of tho United States to tho Monroe doctriue may forco the United States, however reluctantly, in airrant fuses nf mini. wrnnr..lnln n iniPOteilCO. to thn eiereln nf an infnr. national polico power. If overy country washed by the Caribbean sea would sllOW thn liroorei In atnliln nml ind civilization which, with tho aid of the Piatt amendment, Cuba hns Bhoyvn sinco our troops left the island, and which .so many of tho republics in both Ameri cas are constantly and brilliantly show- Lr. nil nunallnna nf Intnrf Arnnen liv tlita nntlnn Trlth thnir ntTnirn- tvnnlrl tin nt an end, Our interests and thoso of our southern neighbors aro in reality iden- tlj.nl Hlinv linvn rrrnnt nntnrnl rielinit nnd if within their bordors tlio reign of law nnd justico obtains, prosperity is Buro to como to them. While thoy Mum nhnv thn nrlmnrv Inira nf ntvtltyn.l society they must rest assured that thoy IT If UV VJUt.VVA ST U AAA U SJllAiAKr Ul VWl" dial and helpful sympnthy. Wo would tntnrfnrn nrltli ttintn nnlv In tlin Inat rn. sort, and then only If it boenme ovldent that their inability or unwillingness to do justico at homo nhd nbroad had vio lated tho rights of tho Unitod Stntcs or lin.l Inirttn'l fnrntfrn nfrrrrnnainn tn tlin ilntriment. nf thn nnt.irn hnilv nf Atnnrl. enn nntinna. Tt in n mnrn tmilam in anv that every nation, whother in America or niiywiiuro vina, wuicn ucsircn to mniniani us ircciiom, us independence, ninnt. iiltllnntnlv renllzn thnt thn rltrlit. of such independence ennnot bo sepa rated from tho responsibility of making good uso of it. Tn nssortiniT thn Mnnrnn ilnetrinn in taking such stops as wo hnvo taken in regard to Cuba, Venezuola and Tana mn, nnd in endenvoring to circumscribo thn thentnr nf wnr in thn fnr pnot. nnil to sccuro tho open door in China, we hnvo nctod in our own interest ns well ns in theso interest of humnnltv nt largo. Tiioro nro, nowover,i cases in which, wmio our own intcrosts nro not greatly involved, strong nppenl is mndo to our own sympathies. Ordinarily it is vory much wiser nnd moro useful for us to concern ourselves with striving for our own Tnornl nnd material bet- tnrlnrVnt. linrn nt hniiin tlinn tn nnnnnpn ourselves with trying to better tho condition of tilings in other nations. Wo navo pionty ot sins ot our own to war ngalnst, and under ordinary circum stances Vn enn lln mnrn fnr tlin irnnnrnl uplifting of humnnity by striving with hnnrt. nnil nnnl tn nut n nfnn in nlvin corruption, to brutnl lawlessness nnd violent rnco prejudices hero nt homo thnn liv nnaatnn reqnlnttnna nlinut Wrntin-.llninn nlanwhnrn Mn.mrt1in1nea thero nro occasional crimen committed on so vast n scalo nnd of such peculiar hnrrnr na in mnlrn na ilnnlit Tvlinthnr it iff Tint mir mnillfnat 'liittr in nndnn.mv nt least to show our disapproval of tho deed nnd our sympathy with thoso who havo sufforod by it. Tho cases must bo nxtremn In wliieh eneh n pniiran ia inat!. flable. Thero must bo no effort mado to removo tho moto from our brothor's ovo If wo refuse tn rnmnvn tlin linnm from our own. But in oxtremo cases action may bo justifiable and propor. What form tho nctlon shnll tako must denend nnon thn elrenmntnnepn nf thn enso; that Is, upon tho degrco of tho atrocity and upon our power to remedy it. Tho cases in which wo could inter- fnrP ll- fnren nf nrma na wn Intnrf nrn.l to put a stop to intolerable conditions In Cuba aro necessarily vory fow. Yot it Is nnfc tn hn nxnnetnil thnt. n nnnnln liko ours, which, In spito of cortnin vory obvious shortcomings, nevertheless ns a wholo shows by its consistent prnctico ifa lielief in tlin nrineinlna nf ntvll nml roligious liberty nnd of ordorly free dom, n peoplo among whom ovon tho worst crime, hko that or lynching, is never moro thnn sporadic, so that indi vidunls nnd not classes aro molested in their fundamental rights it Is inovitn- llln thnt. flliph n nntlnn alinnlil ilnairn eagerly to give oxpresslon to its horror nt n .. n.nntn.. 1S1.M ll.nl r it.. ...nHHMn uu tvi. uLtuoiuu iinti i,iiu ui. tnu iiuiBBuuru of the Jows nt Kishonof, or whon it wit- nosses such ftvstnmntie. nnil Innnr. nrtnnil. od cruelty nnd oppression ns tho cruolty nnu oppression 01 which tno Armonmns hnvn linnn tlin vietim nnil wliieli linvn won for them tho indicrnnnt nitv of the civilized world. Bights of American Citizens Abroad. i-.von wncro it is not possibio to so- Plirn tn ntlinr nntinna tlin nlianrirnnnn nf tho principles which wo accept ns axio- ninltn ,t ia iiAAna.n.i. s... .. 1m.Yv 4n .iin. 1., b .9 iivvtasair 111 us illiilljr iu insist upon tho rights of our own citi- 7.nn ivithnnt. rnnnril in tlinlr omnA nr raco; without rogard to whethor thoy wero uorn noro or auroad. it lias proved very difficult to secure from Bussia tho right of our Jewish follow citizons to receive pnssports and travel through Russian territory. Such conduct is not ntllv linilint. nml irrltnttnir tntvnr1 na but it is difficult to see its wisdom from leussin's standpoint. No conceivable good is accomplished by it. If an Amnrlenn .Tnw nr nn Amnrinnn niiriu. Man misbehaves hlmsolf In Russia ho can nt onco bo drlvon out, but tho or dinary Amerlcon .Tow, liko tho ordinary American . nristinn, would behnvo just about ns ho behaves hero; that is, be have us any good citizen ought to bo have, and whero this is the caso it is a wrong ngninst which wo nro entitled to protest to refuso him his passport without regard to his conduct and char- nptnr ninrnlv nn rnpinl nml vnllnlni.a ....., ......v. ww ., mm w,.nwua grounds. In Turkey our difficulties nriso less from tho way in which our citi zons nro eomotlmos treated than from thn inillonntlnn Innvltnlilv nreltml in seeing such fearful misrule as has been wunesseu unm in irmonia nnu .Macedonia. The Naw. Thn ftrnnrr nrm nf tlin rrnvnrnninnt In uniiireiiii' resneei ior irs iimt rinhta tn intornntionnl matters is the navy of tho United States. I most earnestly rocommend thnt thoro be no halt in tho work of upbuilding tho American navy. Tliern in nn mnrn lmtrtntin iliitv lufnn us as n peoplo than to keep tho navy miequnie to tue neeus or mis country's nosltion. We hnvo unilcrtnlcnn tn lmll.l thn Tsthmlnn pnnnl. Wn linrn umln.. taken to securo for ourselves our just sharo In tho trndo of tho oriont. We have undertaken to protect our citizens from imnroner treatment in fnrnlnn lands. Wo continue steadily to Insist on tnc application or tho Monroe doc- trinn tn thn Wpjitnm TTninitmlibwn TTn less our attitude in these and nil simi lar mutters is to bo mado a mere boast ful shnm wo cannot afford to abandon our naval program. Our voice is now potent for peace, and is so potent be cnuso we nro not afraid of war. But our protestations upon behalf of peace wnnlil neither rivnivn nnr ilniArvn tl. slightest attention if we were impotent 10 nia-o tuoin goou. Thn war which nnnr iinfnrtntiot.l rntrea in the far east hns nmnhnnlfn.l I. I striking fashion tho new possibilities I of naval warfare. Tho lessons tnught are both stragctic and tactical, aud nro political as well ns mllltnry. Tho expe riences of tho wnr have shown in con- ..li.at.m fnahtnrt tlinf wliiln Rpn-irnlnn' Jh.1 An limntnir In.nmln flnatrnvhra nrn tlllll DCU ALVjMII tinjiviiu . u ." "J w. ..v indispciiBablo, nnd fnst lightly nrmed and armored cruisers very usoful, yot that thivmain rollnnco, tho mnln stand by irt(By" nnvy worthy tho namo, must bo tho great battleships, heavily ar mored and heavily gunned. Not a Bus ntmi nt Tniinnnan Iin 4 f Itr-nli I tl linn linn 11 sunk by a torpedo boat, or by gunfire, WJUio nniong mo juhh proitxiuu Hiiips. rtittdn nltti nfitiani lina linnn flnatiivni1 IjIUIDVI ll-Vl .umuv I4UU mvh. uvihwi whenever tho hostilo squndrons hnvo gotten within rnngo of ono another's weapons. Thero will nlwnys bo a largo flnlrl nf iiRnfiilnnss fnr eriilRnrs. nsnn- ntt.ll. nf tlin mnrn f nrtniiln llln ivnn Wn need to Increaso tho number of torpedo boat destroyors, paying less heed to their having a knot or two extra spcod thnn to their capacity to keep tho seas for wooks. and. if ncccesary. for months at a. time. Tt is w!bo to build subma- rtnn tnrfintln linnta na illiflnr nnrtnin plr- cumstnnccs they might bo vory useful. But most of all wo need to continue building our fleet of bnttlcships, or shins so lioworfullv nrmed thnt thev enn inflict tho maximum of damage upon our opponents nnd so well protect- pil thnt thnv pnn RiilTnr n snvnrn hnm innrlnir in return withnilt fntnl tliltinira ment of their ability to fight nnd ran- nniiunr Cf nniiran n.miln innniia Tillltit Iin urnvlilnil fnr nnnlilimr thn Tinrflnlltlpl of tho navy to bo brought to tho high est point of efficiency. Our grent fight ing ships nnd torpedo boats must bo coasolosH.y trained nnd mnneuvored in squndrons. Tho officers nnd men enn only learn thoir trado 'thoroughly by ceaseless prnctico on tho high sens. In tlin nvnnt nf wnr It wnnlil Iin fnr lint. ."V j r jttv ui Mill .a. nwaia.a aj ..... ..vv ter to hnvo no ships nt nil thnn to hnvo snips ot a poor anil liiciiectivo typo, or ships' which, however good", were yet mnnned by untrained and unskillful crows. Tho best officers nnd men in n poor shin could do noMiinc ncninst fair ly good opponents, nnd on tho other hnnd a modern wnrship is useless unless tho officers and men nbonrd'hor havo becomo adopts in their duties. Tho mn.lfamnnDliln in nnr nnw lina una ..... .bllllla... Oil. IF A.. IF... ..(..F aa.au .aaaa proved iu nn extraordinary degrco dur ing I no Hist tnrco yearn, mm uu mu wholo tho types of our battleships aro improvlnir, but much remains to bo done. Sooner or lntor wo shnll havo to provido for somo method by which tlinrn will Iin iirnmnt inna tnr inprlt ns llvl U TfSa a'V '' 'kf-auaa)! -aw iivav au well as for seniority, or clso retirement or all thoso who, alter a certain nge, havo not advanced boyond a cortnin grade, while no effort must bo spnrcd to make tho servieo nttrnctivo to tho enlisted men in order that thoy may Iin irntit na lnnrr na nnaatliln in It TtpR. Arirnt lain i.iilil... ui.lifmla nlinnlil hn nrn. u. ...v.u.. ,....,.., ............. ,.... vided wherovor thero nro nnvy yards. Tho Army. Within thn Innt thrpn vnn.ro. thn TTnit. . a.awv ...awu j -.. . w ... ...... od States hits Hot an example in dis armament wherd disarmnmont was proper. By law our army is flxod at a maximum of 100,00 nnd ft minimum of 00,000 men. When thoro wns insur rection iu tho Philippines wo kopt tho army nt tho maximum. Pcaco enme in tlin T)l.il!ntittina nnil nnw nnr lirmv lina been reduced to tho minimum at which it is possibio to Kcop it with duo rognrd in ita "nlTlplnniiv Tlin nilllR nnw mnilllt. vu a.u w......w(,a ..u h....u nil vnn.ilrn Q 00(1 ..inn if tlin pnnat- fnr. VI. A...I...IU W,U.F.F .1..1, ... ...Vi U..UV ... tiflcutions nro to bo adequately mauned. Relatively to tho nation, it is not now o large as the police forco of New York or Chicncro rolntlvolv to tho pop ulation of either city. Wo nood moro ofllcorsj thero nro not enough to per form the rcgulnr army work. It is vory important thnt tho officers of th'o nrmy should bo accustomed to handle their men in masses, us it is also important 4linf titan, nnltnnnl rnim-! nf tlin oAiFnriil states should bo accustomed to uctunl Hold work, especially in connection with thn rpuiilnrs. Vnr this renRnn wn nrn tn Iin ennrrrntnlntnil linnn thn suc cess of tho Held maneuvers at Ma'nassas last fall, maneuvers In which a largor number of regulars nnd national guard took pnrt thnn wns over boforo ns sombled together in time, of peace. No other civilized nntioa has, relatively to Its nnnitlnt inn nneli n ilitnimiri vn nrmv as ours, and while tho nrmy is so small ITU UIU 11UI. LU UU UArUBUU li 1VU Hill IU keep it at a very high grade of pro ficiency. It must bo Incessantly prac ticed; tho standard for tho enlisted mon should bo kopt vory high, whllo nt tho sumo timo tho servieo should bo mailn ns nttrnetlvn nn nnsslliln nml thn standard for tho officers should bo kopt ovon higher which, ns regnrds tho upper ranks, enn best bo dono by Intro- duclm? fionin nvmIpiii nf Rpleetinn nml rn. jection into tho promotions. Wo should bo nble, in tho ovont of somo sudden omorgonoy, to put into tno hold ono first class army corps, which should be, as, a wholo, at least tho equal of any body of troops of liko number belonging to any other nation. Great nrocrress hnB been made in nrn. tooting our coasts by adequnto fortifi cations with sufllclont guns. Wo should, however, nnv much mnrn linn.l tlmn nt present to tho development of nn ox- iuiisivu Bystem ot uoating mines for uso in nil nnr mnrn itnnnrtnnt linvliA... These mines have been proved to bo a most formidable safeguard against nuBiiiu iiceis. Medals of Honor in the Nin I earnestly cnll tlif nttention of tho Congress to the neon nf nnmmlinn ti. oxisting law relating to the nwnrd of congressional mednla nf hnnnr In ti. nnvy so as to jiravjilo that thoy may be unuriiuii 10 cummissioneu ouicors and warrant officers ns well ns to enlisted men. Thoso instlv iiritreil mmlniD n... givon in tho army nliko to tho offlcors nnd the enlisted men, and it is most un- lust that tho cnmniiflRiniiml nAln. ,i warrant officers of tho navy should not in this respect hnve tho samo rights ns muir uromren in tne nrmy and as tho enlisted men of tho navy. xne .Philippines. In tho Philippine islands there has boon during the past yoar a continua tion of tho stemlv nrinimnn ,.,i.ii. i... . - --,. r.-h.vau niiiuu HUB obtained ever sinco our troops cot the nVVii I , l" ,UBUrKnnts. The .,.. rr.v, v., iu apt-US. more ac- OUratelv. tho manv trilo .i races, sundered from one another moro n. .ua Dimruiy, WHO go to mnko Up tho neonlo of thn Pi,iu,.i t.i.i.1 I i .- 1'tJ.uc isiuaus. con-1 tain many elements of good, and some elements which wo have a right to hope I of ennneitv fnr lf ...... VIUzal'nn ar :":,f,.flrm,y "?p thai tatET".1 ui. auie to stnnd, if not .7 nlnnn tin) I.. ! . "t entlrnl. """'" i meir own. T fl..i '. q that we cm. lmin i.'..1 .Drn . beliBv. higher in the scale i ,1 W& and of enpneitv for self..., " zat,0 and i'l thn. alone, vet in annm ..i. . "." -auril Unitod States ns Cn l l0 to h end Is not yet in TRK Zi W Th.la indeflnitnlv iinRtnn.,.i .'nnu may l,8 foolish enough to turn the ,& are tho PlliplnoS nwny fro tho nr l,.n ot of achieving mnmi i ..tU. Pfhlcms perity, of working tor a able nr?T aiirt just.govern.nent and ?Z 0,rd"'y ibii nnd dnngoroiis intrigues fo; "1 "ou liloto lndcneni enen fn. ...i..., ..a co'n- ns yet totnlly uiifit. c" ' Me. On tho nthor hand our ncnnln m. . keep steadily before thelrPmS,.n,9,ntU,' iiiui. uiui tue justi cat on for n .. iutholhilipPlnesmustultM.S chiefly upon tho good wo nre abln tn i lu tho slmids. i ,in t ..ar.to'lo fact that in tho development of, i terests in tho Pacific ocean li ': tho coasts, tho Phliiplnes have i, ,1 and will play important parf thnt our intorestH hnvn i. . .. ' .a"" moro thnn ono way by the iinn..i of the iHlan.lR Ht...i., l1OT-lon continuing .to,, old ilrr wo ought in good fnlth to try to ,1 OUr slinro nf thn n-nrlil'a .. i. ..... . particular piece of work has bee. 1, posed upon us by ,tho results of the wnr with Spain. Tho problem presented to us in the Phllippiuo islands is "kin o but nofoxhetlv llkn thn n.i-i ' ' l0 . , . ,: -k -" j'li'uiuius pre sentod to the great civilized powers which havo possessions in the orient Thoro nro points of rcsemblnnco in our work to tho work which is beinj: dono bv the Rritlsh in Tmitn nn.i i,. .! .no tho French in ALrinra 1. ti..V. ! .y Java, by tho Russinns in Turkestan, bv tho .Tapaneso in Formosa, but moro ills tinctly thnn nny of theso powers we nro endeavoring to develop tho natives themselves so tlmt. thnv ai.nii .i . . . ----- ...ar .. mtiv nn over-increasing pharo in their own Gov ernment, nnd ns far as is prudent we nro nlrcndy admitting their represents tivcs to a governmental equalitv with nnr nwn. Tlinrn nm . t i- .' - - -..... n. vuiiiiiuriijioncrs. judges nnd governors In tho islands who urn Filipinos nnu who hnvo exactly the sumo slinro In tho government of tlio islnuds ns have their enllpniriina ,.,!. Amoricuns, whilo in tho lower ranks nf nn..a.n aU. .. a. .. . . ' "i vuiuiiu, mu rLiii, majority ot the public sorvnnts nre Filipinos. Within two years wo .shnll bo trying the experi mont of nn elective lower houso in tlio Philippine legislature It may bo that tho Filipinos will mtsnsn thfa innid... turo, nnd thoy cortalnly will misiiso it if they nro misled by foolish porsons hero nt homo into starting an ngitation for their own indnnnmlpnen nr intn nn.. 1 .......... ... ,IIHi ..,j factious or improper action. In such CaSO tllOy Will llo tllClllHclves nn irnml and will stop for tho timo being all furthor effort to ndvnnco them nml give them a grenter Bhnro in thoir own gov ornmont. Hut if thoy net with wisdom and BolreBtralnt, if thoy show that thoy nro cnpublo of electing a Icglsla uro which in its turn is capable of tak ing n snno nnd efficient pnrt in the net uul work of government, thoy can rest assured thnt a full nml inerensimr mnni, uro nf recognition will bo given them. Abovo nil thoy should remember that their Priinn needs nrn moral nml imlna. trial, not political. It is a good thing to try the experiment of civinc them a legislature, but it is a far bottor thing to givo thorn schoojs, good roads, rail roads, which will enablo them to get their prodrjKttJIr' market, honest courts, an honcstSJlKr officiont constnbulnrv. and nil thnt tends to produco order, ponce, fnir denling ns between mnn nml mnn, nnd hnbits of intelligent industry and thrift. If thov nro safeminrdcil against oppression, nnd if thoir real want, material and spiritual, nro studied Intelligently nnd in a spirit of friendly syinpnliy, much moro good will bo dono them than by nny effort to givo them politicnl power, thouch this effort may in Its own nronor timo nnd nlaco be propor enough. iwonnwhiio our own peoplo should re mombor thnt thorojs need for the high est standard of conduct among the Americans sent totho Philippine islnnds, not only nmnng tho public sorvnnts, but among tho privnto individuals who go to tliom. It is because- I feel this so doeply that dniiSfcidmlnlstrntiou of ids ItamvA Dosltivolv rofused tllPRn lulntffla lYlWiw. nnaitivnlv rpfliaei in nnrmll nnvr Tltaiwln.l.in t Inn wlmtcna vw FU....,f ....j i-n.i.iiiiuu.iwii ....... I' w over for political reasons, and havo in sisted thnt in choosing tho public ser vants consideration snouid bo paid solo lv to tho worth nf thn men chosen and to tho needs of tho islands. Thero is .... I.I1.A. 1.n.l.. .. ... 2.. na n.lllltp I. If lllUVT IIIHI 111 IIUTII JU UU1 wuai.av servieo than wo hnvo in tho Philippine islands under Governor Wricht and his associates. So far ns possible these mon should bo given a freo hand, nnd their suggestions should recelvo tho henrtv lmeklnir linth nf thn nrecutivfl and of tho congress, Thoro is need of n fttrrllntit nml i1!a.nJornafnil atlTinnrf. fit our publio sorvnnts in tho Philippines by good citizons here in the United States. Unfortunntely, hitherto thoso nf nnt nnanla 1iaa nf limrin wlin IlUVO nut JfVMJflU IIVIU V ilUIMV ff .- of tho Filipinos hnvo in reality been ..! . i. I ml.I. ..Itl annllnlld HIUIC WlirBl UIIUUIICB. XIIIH Will tiFIIH""" to bo the caso as lnftg as thoy strive to mnko tho Filipinos independent nnd stop nil industrial development of tho Islands by cryiug out against the laws which would bring it on tho ground that capi tnlists must not "oxploit" the islands.' Such proceedings nro not only unwise, uih nro most narmiui to tno i hijf"i l. .- ...i 1 -I 1 nt nil who un not neon innoponucuvu m. -t but who do need good-laws, good pub lic servants, and tho industrial deyel opment that can only como if the In- vuoiiiiiiiii ui ttiuuncuu nun .Fa.h-- --- ital in tho Islamjs is faVorod ia all legit imnto ways. Knch measuro taken concerning the islands should bn tnkon with a view to thoir ndvantnge. We should certainlv givo them lower tariff rates on their exports to the United States; If this l not donn. it will Iin n wronir to OXteml our shipping laws to them. I earnestly linna ah tl.A tn.Mn.linlA AnnnlmPnt 1DIO uin ui lUU llllUltnilUlU .--""- law nf thn lefrialntlnn nnw Pending tn encourngo American capital to seclt In vestment In the islands in railroads, in factories, in nlantations nnd In lumber- SnCT fl1i1 sjnintnr TIIEODOItE ROOSEVELT. The White House. Dee.JL.i-',u ' J JS2M ijtajuii