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About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 1904)
2al? CAPITAL JOURNAL, aAT.Trnr, OREGON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1004. ROOSEVELT'S MESSAGE (Continued from first jingo.) keep order is a primary duty, and In time of disorder and violence all other questions sink into nboyanco until or der has been restored. Jn the District ofjgColumbia and in the territories the federal law covers tho entire field of government, but tho labor question is only ncuto in populous centers of com 8'mcrce; manufactures or mining. Never '" tbclcss, both in tho enactment nnd the enforcement of law, tho federal gov ernment within its restricted sphere shdulri set an cxnmplo to tho state gov ernments, especially in a mnttcr so vital a sliis affecting labor. I bclievo that tinder modern industrial conditions it is often necessary, and oven whero not nee'essary It is yet often wise, that there should be organization of labor in order hotter to sccuro tho rights of tho indi vidual wage-worker. All encourage ment should bo given to any such or ganization, so long ns it is conducted with a duo nnd decent regard for tho and experienced persons bo employed in positions of responsibility conncctod with tho operation of trains. Of course nothing can provent accidents caused by human 'weakness or misconduct, nnd there should bo drastic punishment for any milroajl employe, whether officer or innn, who, by tho issuanco of wrong or ders or by disobedience- of orders, causes disaster. Tho law of 1001 .re quiring interstato railroads to mako monthly reports of all nccidents to pas sengers and employes on duty should also bo amended so as to empower the gtvernment to mako a personal inves tigation, through proper officers, of all accidents involving loss of lifo which seem to rcqulro investigation, with ac quirement that tho results of such in vestigation bo mado public. .Tho safety-appliance law, as amend ed by act of March 2, 1003, has proved beneficial to railway omploycs, and In order that its provisions may bo prop erly carried -out, tho forco of inspectors provided for by appropriation should bo larcelv incrensed. This service is law. thv inrn. Th Hnnl nv.'do tho worlds work, as they are best 1 bo a reasonable rate to take its place, . ,, , . . . . ... ...i-.i i. it ..u. t. !,- ,nrn.itl. rnlinp of tho concress to tnko cfr nrnmnnr mnnn pan nnni nnAnuntmv wirn uuuu iu. uirac "" .v .vi-. o theso great corporations. To try to deal sentatives that have resultpd in tho with them in an intempcrato, destruc-'picsent prejudico against them must tivo or demagogic spirit would, in all bo relegated. to tho pacKgrounu. j.no probability, mean that nothing what- corporations must coino out into tho over would bo accomplished, and, with 'open und sco nnd bo seen. They must absoluto certainty, that if anything ! take tho public into their confidence woro accomplished it would bo of a and abk for what they want nnd no harmful nature. Tho American pcoplo need to continue to show tho verv mini- . .. " i .. ....... . .. . -. to tho public if tlioy nro given tneir no- '-..... n...f t. .a.n....l irt AWnTnlM Dlltla. frctorlly what advantage will accrud rights of others. Tliero aro in this country somo labor unions which have anaj0g0U8 to tho steamboat inspection habitually, and other labor unions BorviCCj an,i dcais wHh oven more im- which navo orton Dcen nmong ino most 'portant interests. It has passed tho ox- effective ngents in working for good citizenship and for uplifting tho condi tion of thoso whoso welfare should bo closet to our hearts. But when any labor union seeks improper ends or seoks to nchlovo proper onds by im proper means, all good citizens, and more especially all honorable PUbliC(1iscrimlnnto for perimentnl stago and demonstrated its utility, nnd should receivo generous recognition by tho congress. Unions of Government Employes. Thcro is no objection to cmployos of tho government forming or belonging to unions, but the government can neither servants, must opposo tho wrongdoing as resolutely ns they would opposo tho wrongdoing of any great corporation. Of course any violence, brutality or corruption should not for ono moment bo tolorntofl. Wago-workers havo an. entiro right to organize, and by all peaceful nnd lionorablo means to en deavor to pursundo their fellows to join with thorn in organizations. Thoy havo a legal right, which, nccording to cir cumstances, mny or not bo a moral right, to refuso to work in company with men who decline to join their or ganizations. Thoy hnvo uudcr no cir cumstances tho right to commit vlo lenco upon those, whether capitalists or wago-workors, who refuso to support their organizations or who sldo with thoso with whom thoy nro at odds, for mob rulo is intolerable in any form. Employer's Liability Law. Tho wago-workors nro peculiarly en titled to tho protection and tho encour agement of tho law. From tho veryl nature of thoir occupation railroad mcn, noe discriminate against non-union men who are in its employment or who seok to bo employed under it. Moreover, it is a very gravo impropriety for government employes to band themselves together for tho purposo of extorting improperly high salaries from tho government. Espe cially is this truo of thoso within tho classified service. Tho letter carriers, both municipal and rural, are as a wholo an excellent body of public servants. They should bo nmply paid, but their payment must bo obtained by arguing their claims fairly and honorably be fore tho congress, nnd not by banding togothcr for the dofeat of those con gressmen who refuso to givo promises which thoy cannot in conscience give. Tho administration has alroady taken stops to prevent nnd punish abuses of this nature, but it will bo wiso for tho congress to supplement this action by legislation. Bureau of Labor. Much can bo dono by the government uics mat tnoy navo snown that is, moderation, good sense, the earnest de- siro to avoid doing any damage, and yet the quiet determination to proceed, step by step, without halt and without hurry, in eliminating, or at least in minimizing whatever of mischief or of evil thcro is to interstato commerco in tho conduct of great corporations. Thoy aro acting in no spirit of hostility to wealth, cither individual or corporate. Thoy aro not against tho rich mnn any moro than against tho poor. On 'the contrary, thoy aro friendly alike toward rich man and toward poor man, provided only that each acts in n spirit of justice atad decericy townrd his fellows. .Great corporations aro necessary, and gnly men of great ana singular mental jiower can manago such corporations successfully, and such men must have sires, for they nro permitted to exist not that thoy mako money solely, but that they may effectively servo thoso from whom thoy derivo their power. "Publicity and not secrecy will win hereafter, and laws bo construed by their intent and not by their lcttor, otherwiso public utilities will bo owned nnd operated by tbo public which created them, oven though tho service bo less efficient nnd the result less sat isfactory from a financinl standpoint." Bureau of Corporations. Tho bureau of corporations has mado caroful preliminary investigation of many important corporations. It will make a special report on tho beef in dustry. feet immediately, and to obtain unless nnd until it is rovcrsed by tho court of review. Tho. government must in in creasing degree supervise and rcgulnto tho Workings of tho railways engaged In Interstate commerce, and such in creased supervision is tho only alter native to an increaso of tho present evils on tho ono hand or a still moro radical policy on tho other. In my judgment tho most important legisla tive act now needed as regards tho regulation of corporations is this act to confer on' tho interstnto commerce commission tho power to rovlso rates and regulations, the revised rate to at onco go into effect and to stay in of- feet unless and until tho court of re view reverses it. Steamship companies engaged in in terstate commerce nnd protected in our coastwise trado should be held to a strict observance of tho Interstnto com merce act. City of Washington. In pursuing Jtho set plan to mako tho city of Washington an example to oth er American municipalities several . . . .. " "'""" Pks in ,. inhabited by tho poor, in i" Tni labor, in laws providing tot Z , ,"' and In providing 8chools. "l U in tho vital matter of tacl , i children, much ,!-.. Dg gained by a refti J ZVnW - been accomplished in such 3,! nois nnd C'olnm,i u .""" as hv courts. Tho work of the iwu'" 5srealIyaworkofl;iU.VeDle. It' is now cencmllv . Jl buil(iiH Vn,,.. ,.... " , v '""BiKea ti1( '"""8 ""J"" nna youm? t.i. . nrnnn alin1.1 -i i. . b ""O U..U1U llut D0 trcate(j nais, not oven necessarllv . " ."" reformation Kf .. . .. utWli , u aa necointF ,. -o tv Tho policy of tho bureau is to nc- points should bo kept in mind by tho complish the purposes of its creation by great rowards. But theso corporations co-operation, not antngonism; by mak should bo managed with dun rnirnnl tn injr constructive legislation, not do- for instance, nro liablo to bo maimed " lnbor matters merely by giving pub in doing tho logitimato work of their "y to certniu conditions. Tho bu profemiuu unless tho railroad compa- rcn" of lttbor uos uono excellent work nlos nro required by law to make amplo of thig k'a ln ,nny different dlrec provision for their safety. Tho admin- tlons- l B,la11 sll0rtly ln beforo 'ou in istratlon has beon zenlouB in enforcing (" "l'ocinl messngo tho full report of tho tho existing law for this purposo. That ! investigation of tho burenu of lnbor into law should bo amended and strength-, tho Colml mining strike, ns this is a cned. Whorovor tho national govern-J fltrlko in which certain very ovil forces, ...., i.. nnmn, i.nM .i,n,.i,i iw, n ,!. .which nro moro or less at work ovory- gent employer's liability law, which w,lcro umler tho conditions of modorn should apply to tho government itself industrialism, becamo startlingly prom vhero tho government is nn employer lnent. It is greatly to be wished that ct labor i'no lepnrtmont of commerco and labor, In mv messaco to tho flf tv-sovonth ! through tho lnbor bureau, should com congress nt its second secclon, I urged P1'0 nn1 "rrango for tho congress a list tho pnssago of mi employer's liability of tho lnbor ,nws of tho various states, law for tho District of Columbia. I n,,(l 8U0mw uo Klvc mo menus to inves now ronow that rccommondntion, nnd R"'0 n,ul roPort to tho congress upon further recommend that tho concress ",0 " conditions n tno innnutactur appoint ft commiHsion to make a coin- ln8 ""'1 m''nK regions throughout tho HMhonilvo studv of emnlover's liabil- country, both as to wages, as to hours ity with tho view of extending tho pro-!0 ,nbor UB t0 lnbor of womcn nn1 visions of n great nnd constitutional children, and as to tho offect in tho law to all employments within tho vnr'ous Jt,bor ccntcr8 of immigration copo of federal power. ttom nbf01,1' In this investigation es- Modals of Honor. pecial attention should bo paid to tho Tho government has recognized lie- conditions of child labor nnd child la roism upon tho water, and bestows mod- bor legislation in tho sevornl states. nla of honor upon those persons who soh nn Inycatlgotlon must necessarily by extreme and horoie daring have en- tnke into account many of tho problems dangorod thoir lives in saving or on- '" w,llc '" question of child labor donvorlDR to save lives from th'o perils. is connected. Theso problems can bo of tho sea In tho waters over which tho actually met, in most oases, only by tho United States has jurisdiction, or upon 8tu,s thomsolves, but tho lack of prop an American vessel. This recognition ' legislation in ono state in such a mat should bo extended to cover oases of r s child lnbor often renders it cx eonnplcuous bravery nud solf-saorifico ccsslvely difficult to establish protee iu tho saving of life in private employ- lv restriction upou tho work in nnoth menta under tho jurisdiction of tho er stnte having the sumo industries, so Unitod. States, nnd particularly in tho t,mt tho wor8t tend jo drag down tho land commerco of tho nation. better. For this reason it would be well Prevention of Railroad Accidents. for ,,1U nnt,on nt Je8t endeavor to Tho over-increasing casualty list 8eouro comprehensive information ns to upon our railroads is a matter of gravo tho conditions of labor of children in publlo concern, nud urgently calls for different states. Such an investign action by tho congress. In tho matter ,ion nm' publication by tho natlounl f speed nrtft comfort of railway travel government would tend toward tho se our railroads give at least as good c,,rl"B of approximately uniform legis servlco ns those of tiny other nntion, ltlo of tho proper character nmong nnd thero is no reason why this sorv- tho vernl states, ieo should not also bo ns tuito as hu- v Corporations, man ingenuity can make It. Many of When we eome. to deal with great cur loading roads havo beon foremost corporations the need for tho govern- in tho adoption of tho most approved inont to net directly is far groater thau j ft&fegunrd for the protection of truv- in tho ease of labor, because great cor elora, nud employes, yet tho li49' clear- poratious can bccoiue such only by cn ly avoidable accidents couuwcV vim- gngiug in interstato commerce, nnd in duly large. Tho passagaHKWftito- terstnto commerce is peculiarly the quiring tho adoption of n-bjook algnajl! field of the gcnernl government. It is ity stem has boeu proposed t'oflju "tou- an absurdity to expect to eliminate tho l. 1 1L., .... -.! . ,.. a. . t . luan tcu--nuust's iu great corporations uy staio vuv.nciion, it is uiuicuit to uo patient leg-(with nn argument that suoh matters islatlou In tho interest opt)t publlo should bo left to th states, because safety, limiting tho bouw of labor for moro than ono tato pursues tho policy re I! road employes Jn tpffy service upon of creating on easy terms corporations tho interest of the public as A whole. Whore this can bo dono uudcr tho pres ent laws it must be done. Whe'ro these laws ,como short others should bo en- noted to supplement them.- Yet wo must nover forget tho deter mining -factor in ovory kind of work, of head or hand, must bo tho man's own good Bensc, courage and kindliness. Moro important than any legislation is tho gradual growth of a feeling of re sponsibility and forbcaranco among capitalists and wago-workors alike; a feeling of respect on the part of each man for tho rights of others) n feeling of broad community of interest, not merely of capitalists among themselves nnd of wage-workers among them solves, but of capitalists and wage- workers in their relations to each other, nnd of both in their relations to their fellows who with them mako up tho body politic. Thero aro many captains of industry, mnny labor loadors, who rcalizo this. A recent speech by the president of ono of our great railroad systems to tho omploycs of that sys tem contains sound common sense. In runs in part as follews: "It is my bolicf wo con bottor serve each other, bottor understand tho mnn ns well ns his business, when meeting fnco to face, exchanging views and real izing from pcrsonnl contact wo serve but ono interest, that of mutual pros perity. "Serious misunderstandings cannot occur whoro personal good will oxists tion is present "In my early business lifo I had ex perience with men of nffairs of a char actor to mako mo desiro to avoid creat ing u liko feeling of resentment to my self nnd tho interests in my chnrgo should fortuno over plnco mo In author ity, and I nm solicitous of a measure of confidence on tho pnrt of tho public and our employes that I Bhall hope may bo warranted by tho fairness nnd good fellowship I intend shall provail In our relationship. "But do not feel I am disposed to grant unreasonable requests, spend tho money of our company unnecessarily or without value received, nor expect tho days of mistakes aro disappearing, or that cnuso for complaint will not con tinually occur, simply to correct such structlvc prosecution, tho immedlato object of Its inquiries; by conservative investigation of law nnd fact, and by refusal to issuo incomplete nnd henco necessarily innccurato reports. Its pol icy being thus ono of an open inquiry into nnd not nn attack upon business, tho bureau has been nblo to gnin not only tho confidence, but, better still, tho co-operation of men engaged in legitimate business. Tho bureau offers to tho congress the means of getting at the cost of production of our various great staples of commerce. Of necessity tho careful investiga tion of special eorporatiohs will afford tho commissioner knowledgo of certain business fncts, tho publication of which might bo an improper infringnlent of privnto rights. The method of making puunc mo results or tneso investiga tions nffords, under the law, a means for the protection of private rights. Tho congress will hnvo all facts except such as would givo to another corporation information which-would injuro tho le gitimate business pf n competitor nnd destroy the incentive for individual su periority and thrift. Tho bureau lins also mado cxhaustivo examinations into tho -legal condition under which corporate business is car ried on in the various states, into all judicial decisions on the subject, nnd into tho various systems of eorpornte taxation in use. I call special atten tion to the report of the chief of the and opportunity for personal explana- bureau, and I earnestly ask that the congress carefully consider the report nnd recommendations of the commis sioner on this subject. Insurance. Tho business of insuranco vitally af fects the great mass of the people of tho United States, nnd is national and not locnl in its application. It involves a multitudo of transactions nmong tho people of tho different -states nnd be- legislators. In tho first placo tbo peo plo of this country should clearly un derstand that no amount of industrial prosperity, and nbovo all no leadership in international industrial competition, can in any way atono for tho sapping of tho vitality of thoso wno aro usually spoken of ns tho working classes. Tho farmers, the mechanics, tho skilled nnd unskilled Inborera, the small shop keepers, mako up tho bulk of the popu lation of nny country, nnd upon their well-being, generation after generation, the well-being of tho country nnd tho rnco depends. Rapid development in wealth and industrial leadership is a good thing, but only if it goes hand in hand with improvement, and not de terioration, physical and moral. Tbo overcrowding of cities nnd tho dnrining of country districts nre unhealthy and oven dnngerous symptoms in our mod orn life. We should not permit over crowding in eities. In certain European cities it is provided by lnw that tho population of towns shnll not bo al lowed to exceed a very limited density for n given nrca, so that tho incrense in density must bo continually pushed back into a broad zone nround tho cen ter of town, this zone having great ave nues or parks within it. The death rate statistics show a torriblo Increase in mortnlity, and especially in infant mortality, in overcrowded tenements. The poorest families in tenement houses livo in ono room, nnd it appears that in these one-room tenements tho aver age death rate for a number of jjiven cities nt home and abroad is about twice what it is in n two-room tene ment, four times what it is in a three room tenement and eight times what It is in a tenement consisting of four rooms or over. Theso figures vary somewhat for different cities, but thoy approximate in each city thoso given nbovo, nnd in all cases tho increaso of mortality, and especially of Infnn mor tality, with the decrease in tho numbor of rooms used by tho family and with the consoquent overcrowding is start tween American companies nnd foreign ling. Tho slum exacts a heavy total governments. I urge that tho congress carefully consider whether tho power of tho bureau of corporations cannot constitutionally bo extended to cover interstate transactions in insurance. Rebates. Above all elso wo must strive te keep the highways of commerce open to all on equal terms, tmd to do this it abuses ns may bo discovered, to better i is necessary to put a complete stop to conditions ns fast as reasonably may bo expected, constantly striving, with varying success, for thnt improvement all robatcs. Whether tho shinner or tho railroad is to blame makes no dif ference; thevrobnto must bo stopped, wo all desire, to convince you thero is .the abuses of tho private ear and pri n fnrco at work in tho right direction,. vato terminal track nnd sidetrack sys all tho time making progress is tho terns must be stopped, and the legisla disposition witt which I have coma j tion of the fifty-eighth congress, which among you nsklng your good will nnd declnres it to bo unlawful for nny per encouragement. son or corporation to offer, grant, give, "The day has gono by when a eor- solicit, aeropt or receivo any rebnte, poration can bevhandled successfully in concession or discrimination in respect of denth from thoso wlio dwell therein, nnd this is the enso not merely in tho groat crowded alums of high buildings in New York and Chicago, but in the alley slums of Washington. In Wash ington people cannot afford to ignore tho hnrm that this causes. No Chris tian nnd civilized community enn afford' to show a happy-go-lucky lack of con cern for the youth of today, for, if so, the community will have to pay a ter rible penalty of financial burden and so cial degradation in tho tomorrow. There should be severe child labor and fac tory inspection laws. It is very deslra bio that married women should not work in factories. Tho prime duty of tho man is to work, to bo tho bread winner; tho primo duty of the woman Is to bo tho mother, tho housewife All questions of tariff and financo sink into definnco of tho public will, oven though of tho transportation of any property in utter insignificance when compared with tho tremendous, tho vital impor tance of trying to shapo conditions so that theso two duties of tho man nnd of tho womnn can be fulfilled under reasonably favorablo circumstances. If that will bo unreasonable- and wrong, interstato or foreign commerco whereby A public may bo led, but not driven, such property shall by any device what and 1 prefer to go Avith it nnd shnpo over bo transported nt a less rato than or modify, in a measure, its opinion, that namod In tho tariffs published by rumor than Uo swept from my bearings, the carrier, must bo enforced. For somo with loss to myself nnd the Interests in time, after tho enactment of tho net to my chnrgo. regu'lnto commerce it remained a moot- "Violent prejudico exists towards ed question whether thnt net conferred corporate nctlvity and capitul today, upon the interstnto commerce commis much of it founded iu ronson, moro iu sion tho power, after It had found n apprehension, and a largo measure is challenged rato to bo unreasonable, to duo to tho persoaal traits of arbitrary, declaro what thereafter should, prima unreasonable, ineompotent nud offensive facie, bo tho reasonable maximum rato men in positions of authority. Tho ac- for tho transportation In dispute. The coinpllshment of results by indirection, supreme court finally resolved that tho endeavor to thwart tho intention, question in tho negntlve, so that is tho if not the expressed letter of tho law law now stands tho commission simply (tho will of tho pcoplo), n disregard of possesses tho baro power to denounce a tho rights of others, a disposition to particular rato as unreasonable. Whilo withhold what is due, to force by main I nm of tho opinion that at presont it strength or inactivity a result not jus- would bo undesirable, if it wero not im fled, depending upon tho weaknoss of practicable, finally to olotho the com tHa claimant and his indisposition to mission with general authority to fix becomo involved in litigation, has railroad rntes, I do not beliove that, as created a sentiment harmful in tho ex- a fair socurity to shippers, the com tremo und a disposition to consider any- mission should bo vested with tho thing fair that gives gain to tho in- powor, whoro a given rato has been dividual nt tho nxnonaa of thn mn. tin))ntiiAil nml nfi.. ..u i --- ff i ., r -..--,,.... -...., .. iuii ucuriui jAurouu engager u tiuurciuiu com- wmon are never opcrateu witnin tne pany. found to bo unreasonable, to decide jvcrce, and providing that only trained stato nt all, but in other states who "If corporations aro to continue to subject to judicial review, what shall grods, i earnestly concur iu . oiumeiuiauon, nun woumi wwnyinu tn the cougress the urgeHodMof t ernat I thoir charactorn fnmi .. . .viUrUl itnii . end to have them tested and develop by a system of probation. Much u mlrablo work has been done in J of our commonwealth , ' and women who havo made a JJ fnAvwkwiu ..4 .1 . - " ,"- Ul UIOSUI l!,. children wMol. A,.-:.t. .. number of juvenile offenders, and Iw ... 6.klcai uumoer nr nii .. fenders, nnel hv ,!. i.i . '' i i...;" ;:,"' u"4"nut,yp5t. m ., tuu vjkuurifmppfl nf h j m atntna n.1 lil ! .. Ue'Ht -v.vo .... v..lIV8 , lnc8() matt Would Tin mnn .....!.! . .., lu i"uVIUO a 00. . . ...o .i.ouiu ut oiumuia. , ;; : .:: :: rra w v.v. Ul u yaiumntic investigation im nnd imnrovemnnt nt Un.;. .... in Washington. Tho hidden residcntui nllovs nrn lirno1.'.. ...j . . ...., -.. (J.UUUUS oi vice MJ disease and should bo opened into mino, streets. For a number of years Inj,. cntial citizens havo joined with tie jb trlct commissioners in the vain endear. or to secure laws permitting the cm' domnation of insanitary dwellings. Tli locnl death rates, especially from pt. vcntnble diseases, aro so unduly hlghu to suggest that tho exceptional whtit. someness of Washington's better i. tions is offset by bad conditions a her poorer neighborhoods. A sdmuI "commission on housing and health conditions in tho national cnnlui'" would not only bring nbout the refor mation of existing evils, but would tin formulnte an nppropriato building code to protect tho city from mnmuioth brick tenements nnd other evils which threaten to develop hero as they hsre in other cities. That tho nation's cap ital should bo mado a model for other municipalities is an ideal which ap peals to all patriotic citizens everr whero, and such n speclnl coinrulisioa might snp out nnd organizo the city's future development in lines of civic service just as Major L 'Enfant and tie recent pnrk commission planned the ar rangement of her streets and parts. It is mortifying to remember that Washington has no compulsory school attendance law and that careful inqui ries indicate tho habitual absence from school of some 20 per cent of all chil drcn between tho nges of 8 and 14. Ii must be evident to nil who consider tie problems of neglected child life or tl benefits of compulsory education io other cities that ono of tho most urgent needs of tho national capital is a la roquiring tho school attendance of all children, this law to bo enforced by at tendance agents directed by the boarl of education. Public playgrounds ore necessary means for tho development of whole somo citizonship in modern cities. It ii important that tho work inaugurate' hero through voluntary efforts shouW bo taken up and extended through eoi grossionnl appropriation of funds iul cient to equip and maintain numerom convenient small play grounds upoa land which jean bo secured without put chase or rontal. It is also desirable that small vacant places be purchase nnd reserved ns small park play ground! in densely settled sections of the city which now havo no public open spaces, and nre destined soon to be built P solidly. All theso needs should be me' immediately. To meet them would ea tail expenses, but a corresponding sat ing could bo mado by stopping ti building of streets and levelling tt ground for purposes largely speculate in outlying parts of the city. Thero aro certain offenders, whoe nrlmlnnlltv Inkim thn shailO of brutal ity towards tho weak, who need a speeUI typo of punishment. The wife-beater, for example, is inadequately punirtw by imprisonment, for imprisonment my a race does not havo plenty of children, often mean nothing to biro, while or If the children do not grow up, or may causo hunger and waut to the wh i ... ii it wiieu inoy grow up they nre un healthy in body nnd stunted or vicious in mind, then that raco is decadent, and no henplng up of wealth, no splen dor of momentary material prosperity, can avail in any dogrce us offsets. Tho congress hns tho same power of legislation for the District of Columbia which tho stato legislnturos havo for tho various states. The dent to our highly comple dustrial civilization, with its manifold and perplexing tendencies both for good and for evil, aro far less sharply accentuated in tho city of Washington than in most other eities. For this very reason it is easier to deal with tho va rious phases of theso problems in Washington, and tho District of Colum bia government shpuld bo a model for tho other municipal governments of tho nation in all such matters as snpervis ion of tho housing of the poor, tho nnd children who havo been tho vic tims of his brutality. Probably form of corporal punishment would M tho most adequate way of meeting tan kind of crime. Agriculture. Tho department of agriculture ha . . -. ,.-! InfitUti0 grown into an euucauuu with a faculty of 2000 specialists mak probloms incl-Jiug researches into all tho sciences ex modern in. LrmWHmi Thn eonirress npproprue, . ...U....X...V... 0 ,.A . directly nnd indirectly, WW " nually Jo carry on this work. It reac evorv stato and territory in tho u and tho Islands of tho sea late y " under our flag. Co-operation u , with tho stato experiment stations an with many other institutions and im" viduals. Tho world is "V. searched for now Twieties of grains. fruits, grasses, vegetal -- u shrubs suitable to variou, Joe UtW our country, and marked benefit te oar mm m miWW'? " ' ' fifi '. -M '.