Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (April 10, 1919)
PAGE SIX TEE DAILY CAPITAL JOURNAL. SALEM. OREGON. THURSDAY, APRIL 10. 1919. Prune "Cooties" Really California Thrip, Says Paulus; Tells Remedies Whwi they -were first repotted from the Liberty district, for want of bettor nam?. Robert '. I 'aulas, mana ger of the Salem Fruit Viiion, fulled thorn "cooties. " However, lifter consulting with sev eral t. A. C authorities it was de cided that the small insect scarcely a sixteenth of aa inch long and about the sise f t a hair ami of a grayish black color that had bien doing Inuiage to the jinnies in the Liberty district was the- California pear and prune thrip. mereial preparations at well a with the home made cmuUions. .For the combination apravj of oil emulsions and nicotine aolutions, the n'cotine should be added la-t. that is, aftei (he oil emulion ha been diluted to the desirtd strength. These solutions should not be mixed together without first diluting one of them This concentrated emulsion wifl cost the grower about 5 cents a gallon, as most of the various distillates used for sjpraviug cost from 3 to ID cent gallon in drum lot and home made April. Moat of the eggs are depos ited just under the eoide-rmis in the frtl't .If-Tll. V.1MIKV frtlit .nJ list The require .bout eight d.vs tj,,M!? t,uut 2 "a lr rund. . V,(,)i I r-vpenmonts eouducled thus far l Larvae By tho time the trees are breaking into full bloom the adults have done most flf the ilunint'ii eansu.l lir th.iir f...,i;,, .- vitwi;.. .. point. R, .,..,.,..,.,,,,,, ., ..,.. .1 .1.... J-...L. t. ...... .ilany of the earlier appearing adults . , "" " ' ' v 7 vpenmonts conducted thus far in dicate that success is more uniformly obtained bv using an untreated raw liisiillute 'AS to S4 degrees Resume with comparatively hjgh flashing are dying off and larvae are begin- 1 lie very ionig tu ai'iiar 111 numbers This insect is found in the bud just '"' bir-ne ran usually be found about led trees was nearly free from scab, was lacker, and on account of vield and lualitv showed a net profit of $12". 44 uf,,r i Ki.,.. ..., :. k.,. j...,. lt.,A Mil, ... t per acre over the non-sprayed. Sum its work, the blossom look, like it has bert on the trees, feeding on the small lar rosults "'d us0 of !1l"'ay been frost bitten. The insect eats the fruit and voung foliage, from the first!"1 5'ear fherry orchards, white i...it Aiil,..h ;i i... r. !t.. th- nM.i.i,.. r i.. Recommendation ported found from year to' vcar, this full development the' larvae drop! spraying is by far the most satis i the fir- time that it has reallv ! from the trees of their own accord 1 flutorv for -,(lltr"'1,nlf h' Par thret..ii,l th m . mat. with fnllino ,.i,.v .. ii i,ithriin on all classes of deciduous tor of special interest. wind or knocked off by rain. After To answer fully the hundreds of in-'the middle of April the "number ou the niiirio- that are cmiiing in, Mr. Paulus trees diminishes rapidly and by the lis compiled irom Lo wilier 'a encyclo- last of April all the larvae are off tho aedia of horticulture, written especial-. trees and in tho ground. Hero they i;- worn nown into tlio tirst three or four inches of hard soil below Hie loose suriace inulcli and construct a tmy cell, where they remain until tho fol lowing spring. Pupae The larvae mostly remain as such in these eoJLi until September, when for the 1'acific coa-st the following: rear Toripa Distribution: Tho pear tlirips is at Die present time cry destructive in san Francisco bay region and tho larg er part of the Sacramento valley of Jalifornia. iloro recently it has been found in destructive numbers through out new lorn state anil uorthwe-slern pupation begins, pupae, being most IVnsylvanin. jahiindnnt during October and Xovom- Kconouiic importance:: It is at the ber. Xlnuy adults can be found in the -present time the most important in-'ground in Dieembor, and by the first dect jH-st with which the growers ofjof January -practically all the thrips deciduous fruits in the hcetinns men- aro in the aduli stage and apparently tionixl hnve to contend. On account of ready to emerge and go into llie trH' the iniiiute size of the insect, the rapid-1 whenever conditions are right. Broad ity of ia spread over larger areas, and ly speaking, the thrips sk nd two the suddenness of attnet in great .m - months of the year in the adult egg iers completely blasting in a lew land larval condition on the trees and ilays nil pnmjxcts for a crup the con-lthe other1 ten mouths of the year as trol uf thin pest is a matter of consid erablo diflictilty. As I ho 'iisoet each year Ls extending ilM range of food plants, its capabilities for disseuiina tion are correspondingly increased. There is 110 reason to believe thut tlio insect will disappear. It should be ro- j larvae, pujxie and adults in the ground Control Measures The pear thrips is in some respects an unusual insect in that it remains in a dormant or semi dormant condi tion for alMiul ten months of the year. Aiinotiga nn tlio trees for onh ,wo tarded H, a )ierinniient a"d serious ; mont lis out of the twelve, it is libli Jnwt . Oonservntivo estimates placo the diunage caused iby the pear thrips In s'aliforuin during llie years from 11MU this short time, in the absence of treat men), to completely destroy nil pros pects of a crop of fruit, in many eases "i i- 111 nasi irn.ouiywo. it is saiv witni'i a very rew ila.vs. llie tree lire to nay that tho thrijis in the nbseuce nttackil at the period of bud swelling if tri'ntnient would cause an average jaml blooming, when they ure most sius .n-uiijr kiss iu uie nmiv vi over i,"u", ci'K.ioio. to injury. Tuesp iniiitite m- sects come literally in swnrms, and Characler of injury: Injury to thejuay, if left, lone, completelv destroy various fruit trees by this species is all 0f the fruit luids of an orchard in 'niisid bv the feeding of the adults on the developing buds and yearly (ilos Mins; by the deposition of cegs into the fruit stems, leaf stems, and newly tour or five days. .Many cases huvo been known where a delay of four or five days iu spraying resulted in loss of the ntire crop of fruit, and in were lorineil jrnit, 11 ml ly reeiling of tlie'wmn eases half of nil tile boil 1.,- :.. .1.1 1 .... ,1... .1 -ii ... . ' sun ne in nn- 'iiiiisv.iiii noil mi hid Ained in uiree (lays ntter the thrips young fruits and foliage. On pears the npjieared on the. trees in great 1111m- greater injury is produced by the beis. In view of this c tition it is odulU which often prevent the trees !r,,ry viilcnt that any means of con Xrom blooming, while on the prunes and 'trol 11111st ibe very thorough mid done cUorruv, the larvae frequently prevents . the iikmI exacting maniiei at the a crop of fruit from setting after tho iproper time. trees have come into full bloom, and al Cultivation 0, the deposition of the egg Into the On gravelly ami sandy soils plowlnff fruit stems of prunes and cnerries so t J(.,ih of from sevon to nine inch- -weakens tho steins that much of the rMUlt, j killing from 00 to SO per young fruit falls. By rasping the ten- lt 0f ,1B ,!,,.;,, ,.,.,,( in der aurfuces in tho developing fruit but not a uf fie.ien I control, ss c gh sinus nun uie young irons wiiu nieir j t lr,j,R fM llH , einl!tf, n.lit injury u lllirueiieu 111011111 pmis, inn iiiiiis ro)'- tiire the skin, cnusiiig an exiidat'ion of alio which U often followed by more r loss fermentation, especially before tho blooming. The feeding by larvae llie buds the following spring. pryuiff A tobacco exlruct containing 2 3 4 per cent nicotine, diluted lit the rate of 1 to !0 In II HIT cent il lal't 1 1 u l. il n prunes alter blooming causes tho ,iiuUiaiif kill., all the tlirip, touched well known thrips "aeah, ' while ,) penetrates well iu to the pear most of the scarred end misshapen ,.,ter binl. The pubescent covering fiears ro caused by the work of thf die individual buds in the cluster. being resistant to water, seems to act on the dilution in distillate oil vimil sion in much the same manner as the wick iihiii oil in a lump. Ol'lUllate Od Lmidslou Home Preparation pounds -i li-sh oil, gallnn.s, 1 1 J ut the water 111 a caldron or boiler dulls. LIFE IUSTOET Adult The adults or winged form of the thrips appear 011 tho trees tibout tho middle of 'February, appearing in great est numbers in late February and early March. Jfr tho time the fruit buds have kwulleii unjfficicutly to wparute the laid scales slightly nt the tip the adults lorco their way witiiin, ie ig upon Bmj , ,yi, Wn(M1 t)u, ,vc i(, h()r. the tenderest Hirtions inside the buds. g,y ,is.wlvcd and the water boil EKK" jing, pour iu the fish oil, stirring in As soon lis the first leaf surfaces wr i t ),,. ,(( ime, and boil for two hours, ifruit atoms arc exposed egg laying when the soap has toil.'il sufficiently usually begins, ilepending omeha't it should give a ropv effect when stir on the variety of tho fruit uttneked. iri.,i ami brought uji upon the Initio. Kgg laying begins tho first days of .'phis formida gives iiboul -til poiinil.s of .March and continues till the middle of moderately firm soup. 1 tlrowers are cautioned to buy only " " " genuine fish oil and not a fish oil ajBjajsjBjayajaaBjBjasjavasajaBavsBBsaKssw coiiihuiiii or a mixture of fish oils and vogetuble nils. Herein lies part of the I secret of penetrating efficiency of the distillate emulsions made by u-ing ani mal ml soaps as the eniulsifier. The 'cost of the coup is .Olil.V per pound n-nile from fish oil at Xt cents a gal Ion , The distillate oil stock emulsion should be made as follons: ; Formula ' Hot water boiling, gallons '; t sh n:l or wIimI." o'! sn-ip. poinds ;it: ilis tillole oil (raw) M degrees to ilt de btees l':i'iine gallon, '.'l. II no the Muter b iling hot nheu put fruit trees. However, to spray sue eessfullv involves an entirel differ cut conception of the operation than a ordinarily practiced against other orchard insects. Only the most effi riont spray materials should be used namely, the combination of distillate oil emulsion and tobacco extra-t or il;st!!latc oil emulsion ami nicotine so lutious. The spraying must be thor nughly done and put on the trees when the thrips appear in numbers, not wait ing till many buds have been destroy ed. It. is strongly advised to use (low er machines, ami growers are urged 10 use them for nil the spraying, and to have a pint form elevated over the tank so that one man ran thoroughly licaeh the tops of the trees. Jt is absolutely necessary to use high pres- .sure troin 1. id to . pouinis ami only angle nozzle .should be employed, I and these must be held close to the bud clusters to force the spray direct ly into the nds of the buds. This is absolutely necessary to secure good penetration and get satisfactory re milt, l'lenty of material three t!o five gallons per tree for pears, de pending on the size of the tree should 'he used; more liquid is required for large prune trees; large cherry trees may require seven to eight gallons per tree for satisfactory results. Only two rows should be sprayed at a time. using three men, one on the tower to spray the tops of the trees, thus reach ing all buds pointing iipHiirit, and two I men oil the ground (one to each row) to spray the lower buds and those pointing downward or laterally. Timing the Application Method The spraying must lie done ou time mid for the best results nil the trees should be treated within a few days. During the season of l!lt) more of tho failure to get satisfactory result. was due to Intones, of application than to any other one cause. Inriiis were in the trees ami in great numbers bo foe manv of the 'grower purchased their spraving nupplics. and in ninny cases half the buds were entirely do stroyed and the others Iwd'y injured before the trees had been given cvon the first application. The growers should have everything in readiness, all materials on hand, concentrated emulsion made up and spray machinery in perfect working order by tho first of March, and have till other orchard work iu such shape that when the tlirips appiar iu numbers the spraying mav 'be done at once and before the buds have been seriously injured by the feeding of the adults. The grow er sliouul liuvn enough spray machines lo cover the orchard quickly. At least one good power outfit is necessary for every .'III ocres of orchard. Schedule of Applications In badly infested orchnrils lliree up 'plications are necessary. Two of these spravinsis should be directed against the adults and one against the larvae, made 'and to obtain satisfactory results must I be tuned properly Chain You have doubtless noticed the growing preponderance of United To mal.o ioi use hi. formula or First Application some multiple of same: The first spraying should como ns Water gallons, li: he IPS per cent). ""' 'h"l's can tie louiul 011 tno ... 1 1 ' .. 1 . . 'M- : 1 i M 1. i... SPRAY FOR THRIPS For thrips on prunes, pears and plums use Black Leaf 40 Spray. Use :M lbs. of Mack Loaf, 4 lbs. Fish Oil soap to each 100 gallons of water. Use pow -r spray er and spray in very best possible way both on top and under loaves and blooms. Sprav at once, if thrip is showing in your orchard, if you want to save your crop. We have a large stool; of Black Leaf 40 for us ual requirements, but will not last long if this disease is general, so buy now and be prepar ed. D. A. WHITE & SON'S Thone 100 2oo State Street treis in niiinlicrs, nhoiit March 1st. Second Application The .second spraying, which is also for adults, should come four to ten days after the first, depending some what on variety of fruit stage of bud development; i-ml iHapiifity of (.mer gence of thrips fiom the ground. On URIC ACID IN MEAT Says A Little Salts In Water May Save You From Dread Attack. iff It ifc m'i g'gl j- A Good Tire Year' f Si n m i ' irii1 hF ' i J ,, f J J i 1 1 I I Ml i j, 1 J 'it ,VWj ! J.i'mJ PtJ'-x h If if f!,ljLi,i'y huiHl .fit" iM:ll " nf O.;, 'iJlfl Every one is asking for tirc3 of known value and " proved dependability. And that is precisely what United States Tires represent in the minds of motorists here and every where. The idea back of United States Tires to build good tires the best tires "that can be built, is appealing to rapidly growing numbers. We can provide you with United States Tires to meet and meet exactly your individual needs. United States Tire are Good Tires WE KNOW UNITED STATES TIRES ARE GOOD TIKES. THAT'S WHY WE SELL THEM. s G. C. QUACKENBUSII, SALEM. SALEM VULCANIZING WORKS A L. BONES, TURNER ANTONE DeJORDIN, GERVAIS stock emulsion without a proper spray ln.nuicb.inlt, sj thorough agitslion. huh nign pmmire aro important requi sites. AUo, t-4ire should be used in living nieaniromeiits reasonably ft net tin- water hoiiing hot and sosp lis s dved thoroughly beforo any oil is ii ut in. 'ihia mock emulsion contains approximately o-i per cent oil, and to 'make a 3 per rent emulsion use f4 gallons of this stock in each l'H) gal Jon tank. To dilute, first put the aiock ! .....i.ld; ....... u. -nuianiu in "'i inii uair oil' 111- Minor go it i) an tnen niii ttie nater, Afffflf tTflMT HTZ Dl V'kp,'l'i"'r -'l,a,"r running all the JUUiUtAL Ifnill AUj lAl tunc. Thia important with the cout- Ithemuatisiu ia easier to owVl then to eure, states a well-known authority.1 Ws are si!vised t. dress narndyj kcejn !ths feet dry; avoid exposure; eit los suent, but drink pinny of Rissl water. Itheuuiatinui Is a direet rult of est-: ln( too much meflt nml other ri-h foo la into tin spray tank nud add the simp:1""1 I'rouurs iirK'-n.-i.l wh.h is nb- i'ninediRtelv while the agitator is run- j r1ed into Uio IJood. It is the fiiu.-ti.ui niug nt s go, .,1 speed. When the wan As kidney, to filter this acid from is all thoroughly dissolved, pour in 1 th. bkiud and csst it out in the urine the oil, slowly, keeping the inixt ore Wis pores -f,f th. skin are also s iii.miiis i.gitated while the oil is tp.iinj intof reeing th. bl.-id of lh iniionity. the tank. ...... "a H ud chilly cold weather 'he lor a apray tank of ioi gnllons ea- wn i i .1 . Vacity, five time, this formula can hZ Tl "' I nido at on. time. j klJn'5" M,l,le "rk' hm' Wh. a ail the oil is til and well mix- k "td lM"h nd fail to eliuiiimt. ed, pump out through the iiom.Ics at !' uric ,h" ""'l' aetumuluting good prossure (not less than 7 j pounds) n' c'rv"l'lstiii thnuirt the tn-.tem, into storage tanks. J vfwtiially settling In rtie Joints and uiiis- -o one nouiii nnenipi 10 p.SKe Itm.v. uinf sunnes., sorenrn. nihl p.ua called rheunistlsm. At tie fir twin nf rheumatism get from any pharmacy about Unr immws of Jad Salts; put a Lihlesgwonful at a. glass of water and drink before hre-ik-fcist Mea moi-nii f.ir a werk. This is aid t elimimite uric acid by .timiil itmc th. ki.kiey. to unriusl a.-ti.4i, thus HI i the bKxid of tin- itnimrities. Jtul Salt, is Inexpensive, burmleaw and la nad. from the acid of gres and lemon juice, comliimd wfta lithia sad is used with excHlent results by thnsi I pears this ill usually be just as tho curliest cluster buds are spreading, and on prune, and cherriis when the tips r mo petals tirst itcum to show. lioth of these applications are im portant mid necessary to insure the pro iluction of a good crop of uninjured blossoms. The nozzles should be' held lose to the bud clusters and the spray directed into the ends of the buds. This makes it noeestjarv that the spray ing be done mostly ffo:n above. Third Arplicat'.on The third sprayivg i. for larvae and properly eomeg just ns "iot of the pet als are falling from the trees, del-end ing some what ii'xin the u j It I v- of fruit. In any ras' th ..'nail, white, active larva.- can be easily seen, and hen thev first become iibuuilant spraying should be done. Spray the under side of the leaie. where tlie lar vae are at work. Summary The pear tlirips can I " c ntro!led by thoroughly spraying on tiny variety of the deciduous fruits g'ow n iu the in fested areas. The sprayings necessary to control tlio thrips are expensive, but the out lay of money and labor gives large returns. .Many experiments in spray ink have given net returns of from tM to $01") kt acre more than was secured from adjoining untreated areas. The thrips work rapidly and may destroy ui prospects of a crop in less than a week's time. Spraying, to In" successful must be done thoroughly and at .he t.me to till the thrips be-for.- the mil buds ha.e been destrov il. Til's - who can d so s.K'.essfully are ulviscl ;.i iiiigaie and p;ow in the fail. Tlii is to be fn.!-meit by thor ough ;i,tiii'i-f the foil- ri.ig spring. When the thrii.s bckin : 1 roivar on and directing the spray directly into the end, of llie buds and not against the sides. tlrowers should not attempt to spray too many trees with one machine". More profitable returns will be gamed by sprnying half of the orchard thor oughly mid nt the proper times than by spraying all the orchard poorly one time, lit suits of the work 111 1!I!I to I PI 2 show conclusively that one nppli- eat. on in not sulticient when th are ulmn i.mt. Salt Lake And Ogden Join Pocatello To Get Frtight sands of folk, wast ar. subject to rheu- 'he done thoroughly. u,.u U,A vres- aiatisia, sure, holding noizlrs n!.-e to huts Sidney Drew Dies At N. Y. Home FoLowing Short Illness i New York, April 9. Sidney lrew. well known actor, died this nioini :g nt, his home here after e short iness. l'livsicianis diagnos'd his ailine:it as urneniic poisoning, lie was stricken in ! Detroit, where he was appearing with! v: : ' . - .. I ins wue in - rveep iier riniliiiig re cently. IK'Btli came i;t 7 a. 111. Four doctors had made vain efforts to save him. His ; physicians were Dr. Louis Fisher. Dr.' Walter I). James, Dr. Charles Betk audi Dr. Drown, socialist of Detroit. I For some hours before he died. Drew was unronseious. Drew was a brother i of John Drew and the father rf H. J Rankin Drrw, the avintor wh, was kill-i ea in t ranee while fighting with the Lafayette escadrille. The young avia tor was the son of Drew's fitst wife, a daughter of McKee Rankin, a frnni nent actor in his dixy, "she died in lit 14. Drew's second wife was Lucille V-Tev. motion picture actress, with wh im Me appeared in man v s, reen earned. ! s TV death of W. H. M,!!er sti nmimed at Skamania. Wash. Mr. Mil ler. ws employed for many yesr, at the Oregou fish hatcbrrv at Roiin.-v-,:le Pocatello, Idaho, April 9. The Com mercial clubs of Unit Luko and Ogden have each edded $23,000 to Tocntello's $lt!0,noO guarantee fund to bring the Jess Willnrd-Jnrk Demrisey ligtit here thrips I July 4, J. R-ibh Brndy, head of the l'o leatello Athletic club, announced todnv. ith I tali, Idaho and Montana al ready working hard t0 bring tho fight here, and Oregon preparing to join forces with the inter-mountutii simi it looks.as thought Tex Kickurd cannot afford to overlook our claims," said Brudy. "Colorado fans aro coming 'in great numbers to root for Dcmpscy and telegrams from mid-western cities indi cate the war western fight location mny brenk all championship erowd records.'' Dninp the present year no less iIi.mi :i 11. lbs of hard surface pavement will be biid in ( larke county. , 1 r I -Ej - i - t . .11 SiuA r r v. m VT M.a aT a O. t ITril X jr " - WWm. m Wn T-.S. 2LX 15 as profitalle as Grain Growinq rjJ S!2ti'51L,?',InHr? " T to prosper wherVyoi - -- "".in wihtu to ue acre and buy on easy term, Land at S15 to 30 Per Arm -Good Crazing Land at Much Less. f ' 7 - V. "a.Ij"d Co's. are offerhHr wnnsti.t Brinem.. W Wn lmdAiotiiio,, tBd P".'nltoba, SMk.leti. wan ano AUierta "lend ererr KraaMxasit to Um Iiiw and raoebmaau for ,ZVZ?.1'JZ.f.lltU7 '" Pncs on easy tern- sod t high price, for yir raio,crttte. shMoaad hosts-low taxes (son. .TZrZ. fVm 1. L L L f srta, Cw. 1st sa Past Shk, Sfekaaa, WadL