PAGE SIX
TEE DAILY CAPITAL JOURNAL. SALEM. OREGON. THURSDAY, APRIL 10. 1919.
Prune "Cooties" Really
California Thrip, Says
Paulus; Tells Remedies
Whwi they -were first repotted from
the Liberty district, for want of
bettor nam?. Robert '. I 'aulas, mana
ger of the Salem Fruit Viiion, fulled
thorn "cooties. "
However, lifter consulting with sev
eral t. A. C authorities it was de
cided that the small insect scarcely a
sixteenth of aa inch long and about the
sise f t a hair ami of a grayish black
color that had bien doing Inuiage to
the jinnies in the Liberty district was
the- California pear and prune thrip.
mereial preparations at well a with
the home made cmuUions. .For the
combination apravj of oil emulsions
and nicotine aolutions, the n'cotine
should be added la-t. that is, aftei (he
oil emulion ha been diluted to the
desirtd strength. These solutions
should not be mixed together without
first diluting one of them
This concentrated emulsion wifl cost
the grower about 5 cents a gallon, as
most of the various distillates used for
sjpraviug cost from 3 to ID cent
gallon in drum lot and home made
April. Moat of the eggs are depos
ited just under the eoide-rmis in the
frtl't .If-Tll. V.1MIKV frtlit .nJ list
The require .bout eight d.vs tj,,M!? t,uut 2 "a lr rund. .
V,(,)i I r-vpenmonts eouducled thus far l
Larvae
By tho time the trees are breaking
into full bloom the adults have done
most flf the ilunint'ii eansu.l lir th.iir
f...,i;,, .- vitwi;.. .. point.
R, .,..,.,..,.,,,,,, ., ..,.. .1 .1.... J-...L. t. ......
.ilany of the earlier appearing adults . , "" " ' ' v 7
vpenmonts conducted thus far in
dicate that success is more uniformly
obtained bv using an untreated raw
liisiillute 'AS to S4 degrees Resume
with comparatively hjgh flashing
are dying off and larvae are begin-
1 lie very
ionig tu ai'iiar 111 numbers
This insect is found in the bud just '"' bir-ne ran usually be found about
led trees was nearly free from scab, was
lacker, and on account of vield and
lualitv showed a net profit of $12". 44
uf,,r i Ki.,.. ..., :. k.,. j...,. lt.,A Mil, ... t per acre over the non-sprayed. Sum
its work, the blossom look, like it has bert on the trees, feeding on the small lar rosults "'d us0 of !1l"'ay
been frost bitten. The insect eats the fruit and voung foliage, from the first!"1 5'ear fherry orchards,
white i...it Aiil,..h ;i i... r. !t.. th- nM.i.i,.. r i.. Recommendation
ported found from year to' vcar, this full development the' larvae drop! spraying is by far the most satis
i the fir- time that it has reallv ! from the trees of their own accord 1 flutorv for -,(lltr"'1,nlf h' Par
thret..ii,l th m . mat. with fnllino ,.i,.v .. ii i,ithriin on all classes of deciduous
tor of special interest. wind or knocked off by rain. After
To answer fully the hundreds of in-'the middle of April the "number ou the
niiirio- that are cmiiing in, Mr. Paulus trees diminishes rapidly and by the
lis compiled irom Lo wilier 'a encyclo- last of April all the larvae are off tho
aedia of horticulture, written especial-. trees and in tho ground. Hero they
i;-
worn nown into tlio tirst three or
four inches of hard soil below Hie loose
suriace inulcli and construct a tmy
cell, where they remain until tho fol
lowing spring.
Pupae
The larvae mostly remain as such
in these eoJLi until September, when
for the 1'acific coa-st the following:
rear Toripa
Distribution: Tho pear tlirips is at
Die present time cry destructive in
san Francisco bay region and tho larg
er part of the Sacramento valley of
Jalifornia. iloro recently it has been
found in destructive numbers through
out new lorn state anil uorthwe-slern pupation begins, pupae, being most
IVnsylvanin. jahiindnnt during October and Xovom-
Kconouiic importance:: It is at the ber. Xlnuy adults can be found in the
-present time the most important in-'ground in Dieembor, and by the first
dect jH-st with which the growers ofjof January -practically all the thrips
deciduous fruits in the hcetinns men- aro in the aduli stage and apparently
tionixl hnve to contend. On account of ready to emerge and go into llie trH'
the iniiiute size of the insect, the rapid-1 whenever conditions are right. Broad
ity of ia spread over larger areas, and ly speaking, the thrips sk nd two
the suddenness of attnet in great .m - months of the year in the adult egg
iers completely blasting in a lew land larval condition on the trees and
ilays nil pnmjxcts for a crup the con-lthe other1 ten mouths of the year as
trol uf thin pest is a matter of consid
erablo diflictilty. As I ho 'iisoet each
year Ls extending ilM range of food
plants, its capabilities for disseuiina
tion are correspondingly increased.
There is 110 reason to believe thut tlio
insect will disappear. It should be ro- j
larvae, pujxie and adults in the ground
Control Measures
The pear thrips is in some respects
an unusual insect in that it remains
in a dormant or semi dormant condi
tion for alMiul ten months of the year.
Aiinotiga nn tlio trees for onh ,wo
tarded H, a )ierinniient a"d serious ; mont lis out of the twelve, it is libli
Jnwt . Oonservntivo estimates placo the
diunage caused iby the pear thrips In
s'aliforuin during llie years from 11MU
this short time, in the absence of treat
men), to completely destroy nil pros
pects of a crop of fruit, in many eases
"i i- 111 nasi irn.ouiywo. it is saiv witni'i a very rew ila.vs. llie tree lire
to nay that tho thrijis in the nbseuce nttackil at the period of bud swelling
if tri'ntnient would cause an average jaml blooming, when they ure most sius
.n-uiijr kiss iu uie nmiv vi over i,"u", ci'K.ioio. to injury. Tuesp iniiitite m-
sects come literally in swnrms, and
Characler of injury: Injury to thejuay, if left, lone, completelv destroy
various fruit trees by this species is all 0f the fruit luids of an orchard in
'niisid bv the feeding of the adults on
the developing buds and yearly (ilos
Mins; by the deposition of cegs into
the fruit stems, leaf stems, and newly
tour or five days. .Many cases huvo
been known where a delay of four or
five days iu spraying resulted in loss
of the ntire crop of fruit, and in
were
lorineil jrnit, 11 ml ly reeiling of tlie'wmn eases half of nil tile boil
1.,- :.. .1.1 1 .... ,1... .1 -ii ... . '
sun ne in nn- 'iiiiisv.iiii noil mi hid Ained in uiree (lays ntter the thrips
young fruits and foliage. On pears the npjieared on the. trees in great 1111m-
greater injury is produced by the beis. In view of this c tition it is
odulU which often prevent the trees !r,,ry viilcnt that any means of con
Xrom blooming, while on the prunes and 'trol 11111st ibe very thorough mid done
cUorruv, the larvae frequently prevents . the iikmI exacting maniiei at the
a crop of fruit from setting after tho iproper time.
trees have come into full bloom, and al Cultivation
0, the deposition of the egg Into the On gravelly ami sandy soils plowlnff
fruit stems of prunes and cnerries so t J(.,ih of from sevon to nine inch-
-weakens tho steins that much of the rMUlt, j killing from 00 to SO per
young fruit falls. By rasping the ten- lt 0f ,1B ,!,,.;,, ,.,.,,( in
der aurfuces in tho developing fruit but not a uf fie.ien I control, ss c gh
sinus nun uie young irons wiiu nieir j t lr,j,R fM llH , einl!tf, n.lit injury u
lllirueiieu 111011111 pmis, inn iiiiiis ro)'-
tiire the skin, cnusiiig an exiidat'ion of
alio which U often followed by more
r loss fermentation, especially before
tho blooming. The feeding by larvae
llie buds
the following spring.
pryuiff
A tobacco exlruct containing 2 3 4
per cent nicotine, diluted lit the rate
of 1 to !0 In II HIT cent il lal't 1 1 u l. il
n prunes alter blooming causes tho ,iiuUiaiif kill., all the tlirip, touched
well known thrips "aeah, ' while ,) penetrates well iu to the pear
most of the scarred end misshapen ,.,ter binl. The pubescent covering
fiears ro caused by the work of thf die individual buds in the cluster.
being resistant to water, seems to act
on the dilution in distillate oil vimil
sion in much the same manner as the
wick iihiii oil in a lump.
Ol'lUllate Od Lmidslou Home
Preparation
pounds -i li-sh oil, gallnn.s, 1 1
J ut the water 111 a caldron or boiler
dulls.
LIFE IUSTOET
Adult
The adults or winged form of the
thrips appear 011 tho trees tibout tho
middle of 'February, appearing in great
est numbers in late February and early
March.
Jfr tho time the fruit buds have
kwulleii unjfficicutly to wparute the
laid scales slightly nt the tip the adults
lorco their way witiiin, ie ig upon Bmj , ,yi, Wn(M1 t)u, ,vc i(, h()r.
the tenderest Hirtions inside the buds. g,y ,is.wlvcd and the water boil
EKK" jing, pour iu the fish oil, stirring in
As soon lis the first leaf surfaces wr i t ),,. ,(( ime, and boil for two hours,
ifruit atoms arc exposed egg laying when the soap has toil.'il sufficiently
usually begins, ilepending omeha't it should give a ropv effect when stir
on the variety of tho fruit uttneked. iri.,i ami brought uji upon the Initio.
Kgg laying begins tho first days of .'phis formida gives iiboul -til poiinil.s of
.March and continues till the middle of moderately firm soup.
1 tlrowers are cautioned to buy only
" " " genuine fish oil and not a fish oil
ajBjajsjBjayajaaBjBjasjavasajaBavsBBsaKssw coiiihuiiii or a mixture of fish oils and
vogetuble nils. Herein lies part of the
I secret of penetrating efficiency of the
distillate emulsions made by u-ing ani
mal ml soaps as the eniulsifier. The
'cost of the coup is .Olil.V per pound
n-nile from fish oil at Xt cents a gal
Ion ,
The distillate oil stock emulsion
should be made as follons:
; Formula
' Hot water boiling, gallons '; t sh
n:l or wIimI." o'! sn-ip. poinds ;it: ilis
tillole oil (raw) M degrees to ilt de
btees l':i'iine gallon, '.'l.
II no the Muter b iling hot nheu put
fruit trees. However, to spray sue
eessfullv involves an entirel differ
cut conception of the operation than
a ordinarily practiced against other
orchard insects. Only the most effi
riont spray materials should be used
namely, the combination of distillate
oil emulsion and tobacco extra-t or
il;st!!latc oil emulsion ami nicotine so
lutious. The spraying must be thor
nughly done and put on the trees when
the thrips appear in numbers, not wait
ing till many buds have been destroy
ed. It. is strongly advised to use (low
er machines, ami growers are urged 10
use them for nil the spraying, and to
have a pint form elevated over the
tank so that one man ran thoroughly
licaeh the tops of the trees. Jt is
absolutely necessary to use high pres-
.sure troin 1. id to . pouinis ami
only angle nozzle .should be employed,
I and these must be held close to the
bud clusters to force the spray direct
ly into the nds of the buds. This is
absolutely necessary to secure good
penetration and get satisfactory re
milt, l'lenty of material three t!o
five gallons per tree for pears, de
pending on the size of the tree should
'he used; more liquid is required for
large prune trees; large cherry trees
may require seven to eight gallons per
tree for satisfactory results. Only
two rows should be sprayed at a time.
using three men, one on the tower to
spray the tops of the trees, thus reach
ing all buds pointing iipHiirit, and two
I men oil the ground (one to each row)
to spray the lower buds and those
pointing downward or laterally.
Timing the Application Method
The spraying must lie done ou time
mid for the best results nil the trees
should be treated within a few days.
During the season of l!lt) more of tho
failure to get satisfactory result. was
due to Intones, of application than to
any other one cause. Inriiis were in
the trees ami in great numbers bo
foe manv of the 'grower purchased
their spraving nupplics. and in ninny
cases half the buds were entirely do
stroyed and the others Iwd'y injured
before the trees had been given cvon
the first application. The growers
should have everything in readiness,
all materials on hand, concentrated
emulsion made up and spray machinery
in perfect working order by tho first
of March, and have till other orchard
work iu such shape that when the
tlirips appiar iu numbers the spraying
mav 'be done at once and before the
buds have been seriously injured by
the feeding of the adults. The grow
er sliouul liuvn enough spray machines
lo cover the orchard quickly. At least
one good power outfit is necessary for
every .'III ocres of orchard.
Schedule of Applications
In badly infested orchnrils lliree up
'plications are necessary. Two of these
spravinsis should be directed against
the adults and one against the larvae,
made 'and to obtain satisfactory results must
I be tuned properly
Chain
You have doubtless
noticed the growing
preponderance of United
To mal.o ioi use hi. formula or First Application
some multiple of same: The first spraying should como ns
Water gallons, li: he IPS per cent). ""' 'h"l's can tie louiul 011 tno
... 1 1 ' .. 1 . . 'M- : 1 i M 1. i...
SPRAY FOR THRIPS
For thrips on prunes,
pears and plums use
Black Leaf 40 Spray.
Use :M lbs. of Mack
Loaf, 4 lbs. Fish Oil soap
to each 100 gallons of
water. Use pow -r spray
er and spray in very
best possible way both
on top and under loaves
and blooms. Sprav at
once, if thrip is showing
in your orchard, if you
want to save your crop.
We have a large stool;
of Black Leaf 40 for us
ual requirements, but
will not last long if this
disease is general, so
buy now and be prepar
ed. D. A. WHITE & SON'S
Thone 100
2oo State Street
treis in niiinlicrs, nhoiit March 1st.
Second Application
The .second spraying, which is also
for adults, should come four to ten
days after the first, depending some
what on variety of fruit stage of bud
development; i-ml iHapiifity of (.mer
gence of thrips fiom the ground. On
URIC ACID IN MEAT
Says A Little Salts In Water
May Save You From Dread
Attack.
iff It ifc
m'i g'gl j- A Good Tire Year'
f Si n m i ' irii1 hF ' i J ,,
f J J i 1 1 I I Ml i j, 1 J
'it ,VWj ! J.i'mJ PtJ'-x h If if
f!,ljLi,i'y huiHl
.fit" iM:ll " nf O.;, 'iJlfl
Every one is asking for
tirc3 of known value and
" proved dependability.
And that is precisely
what United States Tires
represent in the minds of
motorists here and every
where. The idea back of United
States Tires to build good
tires the best tires "that
can be built, is appealing to
rapidly growing numbers.
We can provide you with
United States Tires to
meet and meet exactly
your individual needs.
United States Tire
are Good Tires
WE KNOW UNITED STATES TIRES ARE GOOD TIKES. THAT'S WHY WE SELL THEM.
s
G. C. QUACKENBUSII, SALEM.
SALEM VULCANIZING WORKS
A L. BONES, TURNER
ANTONE DeJORDIN, GERVAIS
stock emulsion without a proper spray
ln.nuicb.inlt, sj thorough agitslion.
huh nign pmmire aro important requi
sites. AUo, t-4ire should be used in
living nieaniromeiits reasonably ft
net tin- water hoiiing hot and sosp lis
s dved thoroughly beforo any oil is
ii ut in. 'ihia mock emulsion contains
approximately o-i per cent oil, and to
'make a 3 per rent emulsion use f4
gallons of this stock in each l'H) gal
Jon tank. To dilute, first put the aiock
! .....i.ld; ....... u.
-nuianiu in "'i inii uair oil' 111-
Minor go it i) an tnen niii ttie nater,
Afffflf tTflMT HTZ Dl V'kp,'l'i"'r -'l,a,"r running all the
JUUiUtAL Ifnill AUj lAl tunc. Thia important with the cout-
Ithemuatisiu ia easier to owVl then
to eure, states a well-known authority.1
Ws are si!vised t. dress narndyj kcejn
!ths feet dry; avoid exposure; eit los
suent, but drink pinny of Rissl water.
Itheuuiatinui Is a direet rult of est-:
ln( too much meflt nml other ri-h foo la
into tin spray tank nud add the simp:1""1 I'rouurs iirK'-n.-i.l wh.h is nb-
i'ninediRtelv while the agitator is run- j r1ed into Uio IJood. It is the fiiu.-ti.ui
niug nt s go, .,1 speed. When the wan As kidney, to filter this acid from
is all thoroughly dissolved, pour in 1 th. bkiud and csst it out in the urine
the oil, slowly, keeping the inixt ore Wis pores -f,f th. skin are also s iii.miiis
i.gitated while the oil is tp.iinj intof reeing th. bl.-id of lh iniionity.
the tank. ...... "a H ud chilly cold weather 'he
lor a apray tank of ioi gnllons ea- wn i i .1 .
Vacity, five time, this formula can hZ Tl "'
I nido at on. time. j klJn'5" M,l,le "rk' hm'
Wh. a ail the oil is til and well mix- k "td lM"h nd fail to eliuiiimt.
ed, pump out through the iiom.Ics at !' uric ,h" ""'l' aetumuluting
good prossure (not less than 7 j pounds) n' c'rv"l'lstiii thnuirt the tn-.tem,
into storage tanks. J vfwtiially settling In rtie Joints and uiiis-
-o one nouiii nnenipi 10 p.SKe Itm.v. uinf sunnes., sorenrn. nihl p.ua
called rheunistlsm.
At tie fir twin nf rheumatism get
from any pharmacy about Unr immws
of Jad Salts; put a Lihlesgwonful at a.
glass of water and drink before hre-ik-fcist
Mea moi-nii f.ir a werk. This is
aid t elimimite uric acid by .timiil itmc
th. ki.kiey. to unriusl a.-ti.4i, thus HI
i the bKxid of tin- itnimrities.
Jtul Salt, is Inexpensive, burmleaw and
la nad. from the acid of gres and
lemon juice, comliimd wfta lithia sad
is used with excHlent results by thnsi I
pears this ill usually be just as tho
curliest cluster buds are spreading, and
on prune, and cherriis when the tips
r mo petals tirst itcum to show.
lioth of these applications are im
portant mid necessary to insure the pro
iluction of a good crop of uninjured
blossoms. The nozzles should be' held
lose to the bud clusters and the spray
directed into the ends of the buds.
This makes it noeestjarv that the spray
ing be done mostly ffo:n above.
Third Arplicat'.on
The third sprayivg i. for larvae and
properly eomeg just ns "iot of the pet
als are falling from the trees, del-end
ing some what ii'xin the u j It I v- of
fruit. In any ras' th ..'nail, white,
active larva.- can be easily seen, and
hen thev first become iibuuilant
spraying should be done. Spray the
under side of the leaie. where tlie lar
vae are at work.
Summary
The pear tlirips can I " c ntro!led by
thoroughly spraying on tiny variety of
the deciduous fruits g'ow n iu the in
fested areas.
The sprayings necessary to control
tlio thrips are expensive, but the out
lay of money and labor gives large
returns. .Many experiments in spray
ink have given net returns of from
tM to $01") kt acre more than was
secured from adjoining untreated
areas.
The thrips work rapidly and may
destroy ui prospects of a crop in less
than a week's time. Spraying, to In"
successful must be done thoroughly
and at .he t.me to till the thrips be-for.-
the mil buds ha.e been destrov
il. Til's - who can d so s.K'.essfully are
ulviscl ;.i iiiigaie and p;ow in the
fail. Tlii is to be fn.!-meit by thor
ough ;i,tiii'i-f the foil- ri.ig spring.
When the thrii.s bckin : 1 roivar on
and directing the spray directly into
the end, of llie buds and not against
the sides.
tlrowers should not attempt to spray
too many trees with one machine".
More profitable returns will be gamed
by sprnying half of the orchard thor
oughly mid nt the proper times than
by spraying all the orchard poorly one
time, lit suits of the work 111 1!I!I to
I PI 2 show conclusively that one nppli-
eat. on in not sulticient when th
are ulmn i.mt.
Salt Lake And Ogden Join
Pocatello To Get Frtight
sands of folk, wast ar. subject to rheu- 'he done thoroughly. u,.u U,A vres-
aiatisia,
sure, holding noizlrs n!.-e to huts
Sidney Drew Dies At N. Y.
Home FoLowing Short Illness i
New York, April 9. Sidney lrew.
well known actor, died this nioini :g nt,
his home here after e short iness.
l'livsicianis diagnos'd his ailine:it as
urneniic poisoning, lie was stricken in !
Detroit, where he was appearing with!
v: : ' . - .. I
ins wue in - rveep iier riniliiiig re
cently.
IK'Btli came i;t 7 a. 111. Four doctors
had made vain efforts to save him. His ;
physicians were Dr. Louis Fisher. Dr.'
Walter I). James, Dr. Charles Betk audi
Dr. Drown, socialist of Detroit. I
For some hours before he died. Drew
was unronseious. Drew was a brother i
of John Drew and the father rf H. J
Rankin Drrw, the avintor wh, was kill-i
ea in t ranee while fighting with the
Lafayette escadrille. The young avia
tor was the son of Drew's fitst wife, a
daughter of McKee Rankin, a frnni
nent actor in his dixy, "she died in lit 14.
Drew's second wife was Lucille V-Tev.
motion picture actress, with wh im Me
appeared in man v s, reen earned. ! s
TV death of W. H. M,!!er sti
nmimed at Skamania. Wash. Mr. Mil
ler. ws employed for many yesr, at
the Oregou fish hatcbrrv at Roiin.-v-,:le
Pocatello, Idaho, April 9. The Com
mercial clubs of Unit Luko and Ogden
have each edded $23,000 to Tocntello's
$lt!0,noO guarantee fund to bring the
Jess Willnrd-Jnrk Demrisey ligtit here
thrips I July 4, J. R-ibh Brndy, head of the l'o
leatello Athletic club, announced todnv.
ith I tali, Idaho and Montana al
ready working hard t0 bring tho fight
here, and Oregon preparing to join
forces with the inter-mountutii simi
it looks.as thought Tex Kickurd cannot
afford to overlook our claims," said
Brudy. "Colorado fans aro coming 'in
great numbers to root for Dcmpscy and
telegrams from mid-western cities indi
cate the war western fight location mny
brenk all championship erowd records.''
Dninp the present year no less iIi.mi
:i 11. lbs of hard surface pavement will
be biid in ( larke county. ,
1
r I -Ej - i - t . .11 SiuA
r r v. m VT M.a aT a O. t ITril
X jr " - WWm. m Wn T-.S.
2LX 15 as profitalle as Grain Growinq
rjJ S!2ti'51L,?',InHr? " T to prosper wherVyoi
- -- "".in wihtu to ue acre and buy on easy term,
Land at S15 to 30 Per Arm
-Good Crazing Land at Much Less.
f
' 7 - V. "a.Ij"d Co's. are offerhHr wnnsti.t Brinem.. W
Wn lmdAiotiiio,, tBd P".'nltoba, SMk.leti.
wan ano AUierta "lend ererr KraaMxasit to Um Iiiw and raoebmaau
for ,ZVZ?.1'JZ.f.lltU7 '" Pncs on easy tern- sod t high price,
for yir raio,crttte. shMoaad hosts-low taxes (son. .TZrZ. fVm
1. L
L L f srta, Cw. 1st sa Past Shk, Sfekaaa, WadL