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About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 21, 1914)
HOME AND FAKM MAGAZINE SECTION Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer Page of News Notes and Interesting. Articles Written by College Experts. ' 11 , ' ' ... . . . . , ....... ,.. ..... Oregon Ani-iouI( uiii.1 College, Corvnllis, Oregon, tlio hole Aim of Which, fa to Aid Agriculturists. PROFIT AND LOSS IX HO(iS. IMjJIITH the exception of ehick- S ens, Iiokb are the most num erous of all farm anlmnls," lays Dr. Virgil Knowles, Federal and j Agricultural College expert In hog cholera, In discussing this matter before the farmers, "and they are grown for market on more farms than any other stock. Hog raising has probably made more clear money for the corn farmer than has any other Industry. "In Oregon the hog raising In dustry Is Just in lta Infancy. With the large areas in the fertile valleys of the state which are adapted to the growth of clovers and other plants valuable as pasture for hogs, and the various grains ton -which to finish them, a great many hogs will be grown in the future than are be ing grown at the present time and the profits Bhould be as great as or Creator than profits In the grain belt. "Unfortunatoly this Industry In common with all other profitable pursuits has Its disadvantages and losses. The most Important loss factor which we must contend with In regard to profits and losses In the hog raising Industry is hog cholora. "The country Is now passing through Its third serious epidemic of hog cholera of the last thirty years. The heaviest losses of the first epidemic in 1897 were 130 for every thousand hogs. In the second outbreak the losses were about 140 per thousand. The present epidemic became serious In 1911 and grad ually increased until 1913, when the loss reached 107 per thousand. The estimated loss In the United States from this hog cholera epidemic in 1913 was sixty-five million dollars. No other disease produces anch a loss of animals, and In view of the high cost of living, such enormous losses aro nothing short of a calam ity. Since a large share of this loss was borne by Oregon farmers, It Is evident that thy can well afford to lend their hearty co-operation In the campaign to end hog cholera in this itato." each exhibitor complying with the terms of the exhibit and securing an average score of 87 per cent or more will receive a dairy award contain ing his record of each entry em bossed in attractive designs on parchment paper. The value al lowed for the different points are for flavor 45, for body 25, for color 15, for salt 10, and for package C. Awards will be divided into three classes, A, B, and C. Grade A will be granted all exhibitors reaching an average of not less than 93, pro vided they send entries on every call. Grade B will be given for averages of 90 per cent or more, and grade C for average of 87 per cent or more. While the rules re quire monthly ontries, exceptions will be made in favor of exhibitors! whose factories do not run continu ously throughout the year, provid ing they make entries during each mouth of factory operation until 12 samples have been entered. PLACF. OK DOMESTIC AllT I.V THE PUBLIC SCHOOL- HE materials and the work of scoring exhibits von OREGON DAIRY PRODUCTS SCORING exhibits of Oregon but ter and cheese will be conducted by the Agricultural College Dai ry Department for a period of twelve months, beginning Novemhor, 1914. Kvery creamery man who wishes to learn tho good and the bad points of his butter and cheese Is Invited to arrange with the de partment to have his product en tered and scored in this exhibit. A number of application cards have been sent out, but should any man Interested fail to receive his card he should write to the Dairy de partment for another. Entries for the butter exhibit shall consist of a 20-pound cubical pnek age, and for the cheese exhibit of a 10 to 25-pound cheeso not less than 12 Inches In. diameter. Entrymen are to prepny express charges on nil entries. After being scored tho pro duct will bo sold on the market and the net proceeds sent to the ex hibitor. All snmples received will be cored, by nt least two Judges after 11 Identification marks have been removed and entered Into tho rec ords. The Judges will score Inde pendently and tho original sheetti will bo set tho exhibitors, carbon copies being retained by tho depart ment. No urlies are offered, but I domestic arts in the schools are connected directly with the ma terials and work in the home. Hence the domestic arts course not only contributes to tho alms of universal education, but likewise to the arts and science of home making Throughout the entire course, . as planned for the public schools of Oregon by Mrs. Brooks, professor of domestic arts at the Agricultural College, the work Is carried along two lines that supplement each other subject matter and problems of construction. Since the principles of art and design are constantly used In working out the problems, the aesthetic nature of the children, along with their practical and Intel lectual endowments, is undergoing steady and natural development. All work In this course is deter mined and guided by an underlying principle or Idea. The purposo of tho technique of sewing, garment making, care and furnlthing of girlB' rooms, house planning and furnish ing, study of textiles, use of money, and other problems Involved In effi cient house-keeping, Is to Impart to pupils Ideas and ideals, standards and guiding principals, experience and methods, as permanent assets In their lives. "Hand work Is not to he Intro duced as a unity of Itself," says Mrs. Brooks, "but in close rolation to tho other work of the grade. Thus employed It vitalizes the entire course, and brings the child directly Into contact with the world, where Bhe may realize the relation of all the work of the school to all the work of her life. In thus under standing her relation to society she becomes n better citizen ns a pro ducer, a consumer, and a home muker In her community." while with a spoon or paddly to emulsify it. When thoroughly emul sified the solution Is poured Into a Jug or large bottle, which is tightly corked. A vessel somewhat larger than a gallon measure Is best, so that the emulsion can be well shak en whenever any of it is to be drawn off for dilution and use. In this stock solution the Ingredi ents are Btlll highly concentrated and the emulsion must be well di luted before being applied to the plants. One part of the emulsion to 40 or 50 parts of water Is about the right proportions. It is applied by drawing the earth slightly awny from the plants to be treated, thrust lug them over to one side, and pouring enough around the stein of each plant to wet It down as far as the Insects have traveled. This can be determined by pulling up and examining a few plants after treatment. The cabbage maggot is said by Professor Lovett to be the most serious pest that attacks the cab bage and radlBh In Oregon, and It does vast damage to kale, rape, cau llflower, turnip, and mustard. Sev eral other control measures are ex plained In the College bulletin, In sect Pests of Truck and Garden Crops, copies of which may be had by applying to the Oregon Agrlcul tural College, Corvallls. OFFICIAL TESTS ADD VALUE. OFFICIAL tests are now thought to be almost essential to profit able business in breeding pure bred dairy cattle. The man that buys breeding stock today demands pro duction back of it, and this pro duction can be guaranteed in no other way. That these buyers are willing to pay for a record or hlgn production In their dairy stock Is shown by reports of sales recently collected by Professor Graves, head of the O. A. C. Dairy department, as follows: The average price of 171 non-record cows at auction was $288, and the average price of record cows of practically the same breed ing was $4G5; and the average price of 184 heifers with non-record dams was $209, and tho average price of 183 heifers of the same breeding with record dams was $341.. This shows conclusively the great Increase of value added to dairy stock by the official tests. Tail practice Is gaining in Oregon but no more than a small proportion ot Oregon pure-bred cattle breeders have taken it up. FARM USES OF AUTOS. USE of automobiles on the farm Is becoming much wider than was at one time thought possible. By means of a removable or con vertible rear seat the capacity of the car Is increased so that it holds con siderable quantities of perishable farm produce for the city market or emergency supplies for tho farm. Perishable fruitB and vegetables can be put on the market much earlier in the day by tho use of a good convertible farm auto, and they will be In much better condition. In case farm machinery breaks down and several men are temporarily put out of employment, the repairs can be rushed In by means of telephone and automobile. Some farmers are also using their automobiles to run tho sllo-fllllng machinery, and accord ing to Professor W. A. Bnrr, Fed eral and O. A. C. field dairyman, are doing It successfully. Tho rear wheels are Jacked up and the driv ing belt la run on one of them. Of course depreciation on machines thu nsed Is greater than op thORO used merely for riding about In, but on the other hand Interest and upkeep charges are much less on one inn- chlno than two or three. The ad visability of thus using farm aulos depends upon many factors, and must be determined by each farmer according to these factors. STOCK FOR CENTRAL OREGON. BY KEEPING Borne kinds of live stock and marketing their crops through them instead or hauling their farms to the grain elevators and hay warehouses, settlers of Cen tral Oregon will find farming more profitable and at the same tlm build up their farms for still more profitable farming In the future. Dairying Is still in Its Infancy, bnt with creameries nt Prineville, lted mond and Bend, it will Bhortly be come an Industry of great Import ance according to It. E. Beybolds; extension livestock man ot the Agri cultural College, who has been working in that territory. Dairying should prove profitable on alfalfa farm since the hay that now brings Mit 110 or $12 per ton should bring twice as much marketed through the dairy coy- It should prove pro fitable also in those regions that have shallow soils with outcropping rocks, since field-crop agriculture can never be practiced successfully there. It Is believed that the de velopment of this section will be greatly stimulated by the introduc tion of livestock and dairying In dustries, and that the vast expanses of sagebrush and Juniper country will give way to a country dotted with prosperous homes. MORF, COUNTY AGENTS. A NUMBER of rountlcH are now considering taking steps to se cure the services of county agri cultural agents. The salaries ot these efficiency farm experts In Ore gon are borne Jointly by the Agri cultural College and the county Id which the countv agent Ir employed. SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT FOIt CARDAGB MAGGOT CRUDE carbolic acid emulsion Is an economical and effective treat ment for the cabbage maggot. A stock solution of the emulsion Is made ot one pint of crude carbolic acid, one pound of soup preferably whale oil and one gallon of water. It Is prepared by Professor A. L. Lovett, field Insect specialist at tho Agri cultural College, as follows: The soup Is dissolved In the water at tho bollln? temperature. This mixture Is then lifted from the fire and the acid Is poured slowly into It, the solution, bcluu bvuteu mean- A TO BE SUCCESSFUL First Considers Qnnlily, Tliert Ilttys t Lowest Prices. SKE MB FOR .WATER SYSTEMS of All Kinds, LIGHTING PLANTS Elootrio and Carbido. PLUMBING SUPPLIES AT WHOLESALE. R. A. TWIS8 Fourth and Jefferson Streets Portland, Oregon, VT: t- "-.-V ' 1 jj t'. v.-.- A if
