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Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer
Page of News Notes and Interesting. Articles Written by College Experts.
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Oregon Ani-iouI( uiii.1 College, Corvnllis, Oregon, tlio hole Aim of Which, fa to Aid Agriculturists.
PROFIT AND LOSS IX HO(iS.
IMjJIITH the exception of ehick-
S ens, Iiokb are the most num
erous of all farm anlmnls,"
lays Dr. Virgil Knowles, Federal and j
Agricultural College expert In hog
cholera, In discussing this matter
before the farmers, "and they are
grown for market on more farms
than any other stock. Hog raising
has probably made more clear money
for the corn farmer than has any
other Industry.
"In Oregon the hog raising In
dustry Is Just in lta Infancy. With
the large areas in the fertile valleys
of the state which are adapted to
the growth of clovers and other
plants valuable as pasture for hogs,
and the various grains ton -which to
finish them, a great many hogs will
be grown in the future than are be
ing grown at the present time and
the profits Bhould be as great as or
Creator than profits In the grain
belt.
"Unfortunatoly this Industry In
common with all other profitable
pursuits has Its disadvantages and
losses. The most Important loss
factor which we must contend with
In regard to profits and losses In
the hog raising Industry is hog
cholora.
"The country Is now passing
through Its third serious epidemic
of hog cholera of the last thirty
years. The heaviest losses of the
first epidemic in 1897 were 130 for
every thousand hogs. In the second
outbreak the losses were about 140
per thousand. The present epidemic
became serious In 1911 and grad
ually increased until 1913, when the
loss reached 107 per thousand. The
estimated loss In the United States
from this hog cholera epidemic in
1913 was sixty-five million dollars.
No other disease produces anch a
loss of animals, and In view of the
high cost of living, such enormous
losses aro nothing short of a calam
ity. Since a large share of this loss
was borne by Oregon farmers, It Is
evident that thy can well afford to
lend their hearty co-operation In the
campaign to end hog cholera in this
itato."
each exhibitor complying with the
terms of the exhibit and securing an
average score of 87 per cent or more
will receive a dairy award contain
ing his record of each entry em
bossed in attractive designs on
parchment paper. The value al
lowed for the different points are
for flavor 45, for body 25, for color
15, for salt 10, and for package C.
Awards will be divided into three
classes, A, B, and C. Grade A will
be granted all exhibitors reaching
an average of not less than 93, pro
vided they send entries on every
call. Grade B will be given for
averages of 90 per cent or more,
and grade C for average of 87 per
cent or more. While the rules re
quire monthly ontries, exceptions
will be made in favor of exhibitors!
whose factories do not run continu
ously throughout the year, provid
ing they make entries during each
mouth of factory operation until 12
samples have been entered.
PLACF. OK DOMESTIC AllT
I.V THE PUBLIC SCHOOL-
HE materials and the work of
scoring exhibits von
OREGON DAIRY PRODUCTS
SCORING exhibits of Oregon but
ter and cheese will be conducted
by the Agricultural College Dai
ry Department for a period of
twelve months, beginning Novemhor,
1914. Kvery creamery man who
wishes to learn tho good and the
bad points of his butter and cheese
Is Invited to arrange with the de
partment to have his product en
tered and scored in this exhibit. A
number of application cards have
been sent out, but should any man
Interested fail to receive his card
he should write to the Dairy de
partment for another.
Entries for the butter exhibit shall
consist of a 20-pound cubical pnek
age, and for the cheese exhibit of a
10 to 25-pound cheeso not less than
12 Inches In. diameter. Entrymen
are to prepny express charges on nil
entries. After being scored tho pro
duct will bo sold on the market and
the net proceeds sent to the ex
hibitor. All snmples received will be
cored, by nt least two Judges after
11 Identification marks have been
removed and entered Into tho rec
ords. The Judges will score Inde
pendently and tho original sheetti
will bo set tho exhibitors, carbon
copies being retained by tho depart
ment. No urlies are offered, but
I domestic arts in the schools are
connected directly with the ma
terials and work in the home. Hence
the domestic arts course not only
contributes to tho alms of universal
education, but likewise to the arts
and science of home making
Throughout the entire course, . as
planned for the public schools of
Oregon by Mrs. Brooks, professor
of domestic arts at the Agricultural
College, the work Is carried along
two lines that supplement each
other subject matter and problems
of construction. Since the principles
of art and design are constantly
used In working out the problems,
the aesthetic nature of the children,
along with their practical and Intel
lectual endowments, is undergoing
steady and natural development.
All work In this course is deter
mined and guided by an underlying
principle or Idea. The purposo of
tho technique of sewing, garment
making, care and furnlthing of girlB'
rooms, house planning and furnish
ing, study of textiles, use of money,
and other problems Involved In effi
cient house-keeping, Is to Impart to
pupils Ideas and ideals, standards
and guiding principals, experience
and methods, as permanent assets In
their lives.
"Hand work Is not to he Intro
duced as a unity of Itself," says
Mrs. Brooks, "but in close rolation
to tho other work of the grade.
Thus employed It vitalizes the entire
course, and brings the child directly
Into contact with the world, where
Bhe may realize the relation of all
the work of the school to all the
work of her life. In thus under
standing her relation to society she
becomes n better citizen ns a pro
ducer, a consumer, and a home
muker In her community."
while with a spoon or paddly to
emulsify it. When thoroughly emul
sified the solution Is poured Into a
Jug or large bottle, which is tightly
corked. A vessel somewhat larger
than a gallon measure Is best, so
that the emulsion can be well shak
en whenever any of it is to be drawn
off for dilution and use.
In this stock solution the Ingredi
ents are Btlll highly concentrated
and the emulsion must be well di
luted before being applied to the
plants. One part of the emulsion
to 40 or 50 parts of water Is about
the right proportions. It is applied
by drawing the earth slightly awny
from the plants to be treated, thrust
lug them over to one side, and
pouring enough around the stein of
each plant to wet It down as far as
the Insects have traveled. This can
be determined by pulling up and
examining a few plants after treatment.
The cabbage maggot is said by
Professor Lovett to be the most
serious pest that attacks the cab
bage and radlBh In Oregon, and It
does vast damage to kale, rape, cau
llflower, turnip, and mustard. Sev
eral other control measures are ex
plained In the College bulletin, In
sect Pests of Truck and Garden
Crops, copies of which may be had
by applying to the Oregon Agrlcul
tural College, Corvallls.
OFFICIAL TESTS ADD VALUE.
OFFICIAL tests are now thought
to be almost essential to profit
able business in breeding pure
bred dairy cattle. The man that buys
breeding stock today demands pro
duction back of it, and this pro
duction can be guaranteed in no
other way. That these buyers are
willing to pay for a record or hlgn
production In their dairy stock Is
shown by reports of sales recently
collected by Professor Graves, head
of the O. A. C. Dairy department, as
follows: The average price of 171
non-record cows at auction was $288,
and the average price of record
cows of practically the same breed
ing was $4G5; and the average
price of 184 heifers with non-record
dams was $209, and tho average
price of 183 heifers of the same
breeding with record dams was
$341.. This shows conclusively the
great Increase of value added to
dairy stock by the official tests. Tail
practice Is gaining in Oregon but no
more than a small proportion ot
Oregon pure-bred cattle breeders
have taken it up.
FARM USES OF AUTOS.
USE of automobiles on the farm Is
becoming much wider than was
at one time thought possible.
By means of a removable or con
vertible rear seat the capacity of the
car Is increased so that it holds con
siderable quantities of perishable
farm produce for the city market or
emergency supplies for tho farm.
Perishable fruitB and vegetables can
be put on the market much earlier
in the day by tho use of a good
convertible farm auto, and they will
be In much better condition. In case
farm machinery breaks down and
several men are temporarily put out
of employment, the repairs can be
rushed In by means of telephone and
automobile. Some farmers are also
using their automobiles to run tho
sllo-fllllng machinery, and accord
ing to Professor W. A. Bnrr, Fed
eral and O. A. C. field dairyman,
are doing It successfully. Tho rear
wheels are Jacked up and the driv
ing belt la run on one of them. Of
course depreciation on machines thu
nsed Is greater than op thORO used
merely for riding about In, but on
the other hand Interest and upkeep
charges are much less on one inn-
chlno than two or three. The ad
visability of thus using farm aulos
depends upon many factors, and
must be determined by each farmer
according to these factors.
STOCK FOR CENTRAL OREGON.
BY KEEPING Borne kinds of live
stock and marketing their crops
through them instead or hauling
their farms to the grain elevators
and hay warehouses, settlers of Cen
tral Oregon will find farming more
profitable and at the same tlm
build up their farms for still more
profitable farming In the future.
Dairying Is still in Its Infancy, bnt
with creameries nt Prineville, lted
mond and Bend, it will Bhortly be
come an Industry of great Import
ance according to It. E. Beybolds;
extension livestock man ot the Agri
cultural College, who has been
working in that territory. Dairying
should prove profitable on alfalfa
farm since the hay that now brings
Mit 110 or $12 per ton should bring
twice as much marketed through
the dairy coy- It should prove pro
fitable also in those regions that
have shallow soils with outcropping
rocks, since field-crop agriculture
can never be practiced successfully
there. It Is believed that the de
velopment of this section will be
greatly stimulated by the introduc
tion of livestock and dairying In
dustries, and that the vast expanses
of sagebrush and Juniper country
will give way to a country dotted
with prosperous homes.
MORF, COUNTY AGENTS.
A NUMBER of rountlcH are now
considering taking steps to se
cure the services of county agri
cultural agents. The salaries ot
these efficiency farm experts In Ore
gon are borne Jointly by the Agri
cultural College and the county Id
which the countv agent Ir employed.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT
FOIt CARDAGB MAGGOT
CRUDE carbolic acid emulsion Is
an economical and effective treat
ment for the cabbage maggot. A
stock solution of the emulsion Is made
ot one pint of crude carbolic acid, one
pound of soup preferably whale
oil and one gallon of water. It Is
prepared by Professor A. L. Lovett,
field Insect specialist at tho Agri
cultural College, as follows:
The soup Is dissolved In the water
at tho bollln? temperature. This
mixture Is then lifted from the fire
and the acid Is poured slowly into
It, the solution, bcluu bvuteu mean-
A
TO BE SUCCESSFUL
First Considers Qnnlily, Tliert
Ilttys t Lowest Prices.
SKE MB FOR
.WATER SYSTEMS
of All Kinds,
LIGHTING PLANTS
Elootrio and Carbido.
PLUMBING SUPPLIES AT
WHOLESALE.
R. A. TWIS8
Fourth and Jefferson Streets
Portland, Oregon,
VT: t- "-.-V ' 1
jj t'. v.-.- A if