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About Daily capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1903-1919 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 14, 1914)
HOME and fakm magazine section Gardening on a Small Scale i, This ! the third and last of a $ series of orticlfR by W. H. Hobert- ib ton, u&isUnt Horticulturist of tho ? A Papartmont of Agriculture, Provineo 2 of Britlnli (lolimibia, treating of gar- y dotting methods on a small scaio. CULTURAIi MBTHOD9 FOB DIF FKKKNT VKOUTAHLIOS. (Continue J.) SWEET CORN Tho soil should be very rich In plant food. A heavy application of barnyard manure and Boll worked well are es sential to success. Sow seed aa Boon as danger from frost is over. Con stant hoeing is necessary to keep down weeds and maintain growth. Cucumber. The general recom mendations made for corn apply also to this vegetable. Hills are made bout four feet apart each way. A larce Quantity o manure Is dug into a hill and the seed plunted when danger of frost is over. About eight niln are nlanted. but when the plants are up all Bre removed but four In a hill. Seeds may also be started in a hotbed and the plants transplanted to the garden. Herbs. All herbs are grown from seed sown in the open ground in early Spring. A shallow furrow is dug with a trowel or hoe, the seed scattored In this furrow and covered lightly with soil. Summer savory and sweet marjoram should be cut whon In full bloom, and sage should ba cut bofore fall rains sand the foliage badly. Parsely sown In tho Spring may be left In the ground during the Winter, where It will remain fit for use at any time. Lettuce. Plenty of manure and water re essential. The seed may be sown in the open as soon as the ground can be worked in the Spring For a fall crop the seed may be sown the last of August. Onions. Well-worked soil rich in plant-food Is essetial. Work the soil thoroughly by digging and raking. Sow seed In shallow furrow and firm soli over the seed. Seeding should commence as soon as possible in tho Spring In order that the plants be come well established before the hot, dry weather. Whon plants are large enough to be used as green onions they should be thinned to about four Inches apart. The withering and falling of tho tops lndlcnto maturity and tho onions should be pulled. After pulling, leave them In rows en the ground to dry; this will take about a week; when dry, they may be topped and stored. Onion-sets may be bought as de sired from the Bcodsman. They may be sot in the Spring as soon as all danger from frost is over, care be ing taken not to sot too deeply, The same care and preparation of tho Boll as recommonded for onion? Is advlsablo for growing onions from sets. The sets should be placed In rows fourteen Inches apart and three Inches apart in the rows. When placed In the rows they should bo barely covered. Farnnlp Parsnip require the same kind of soli and preparation as ad tlned for carrots. The plants are sown In drills and thinned to four tnches apart, Peas. Peas may be sown In the Spring as soon as the ground can be worked. Thorough manuring and the deep-working of the soil Is rec ommended. Seed Is sown In rows two foet apart. Succesmonal sow. tugs mar be made up until the mid die of May, but as the pea Is a cool season vegetable early plantings are the most successful. Radish. The seed may bs sown In the Spring as toon as th ground Is fit to worlt. Successive sowing ten days apart may be made until June 1st. Kail plantings may bo made between the middle and Uu nd of August. It also makes very good crop for hotbed work. Khubard. A rich soli Is very de slrnble for rhubard. A heavy sprit' cation of barnyard manure combined with deep snd thorough digging Should be the rule beforo sotting on the plants. crowns. For the home garden it Is more satisfactory to buy plants from tho nurseryman or florist. Planting may be done in either the Fall or Spring, and the plant set so that the top is Just below the level of the ground. The first year it is advisable to remove as few stalks as possible in order that the roots may become well established. Manure heavily In the late Winter or early Spring and dig into the ground. In order to force rhubard in the small garden, the following practice is usually carried out: About Feb ruary 1st invert a barrel over each rhubard-fbot, and then bank tho sides to tho height of at least two feet with barnyard manure. In about three weeks the rhubarb un der the barrel will be fit for use. Spinach. Ope of the earliest gar den products. The seed may be sown In the Spring as soon as the ground can be worked, and successiomtl sowings made every two weeks until the middlo of May. The ground cannot be mado too rich, and the richer it is the less liable the plant 1b to go to seed. For a Fall crop, seeding should be done about Aug ust 1st. For a crop that you intend to carry through the Winter and use In the early Spring, seeding should be done about September 1st. Squash. The hills for planting are prepared similarly to those rec ommended for cucumber growing. The hills are placed In rows bIx feet apart each way. Plant seed aa soon as dangor from late frost is past. Vegetable marrow may be used as soon as they are of sufficient slue. Late varieties may be harvested as Boon as tho vines begin to die in the fall. When harvesting, leavs part of the stem attached to the squash, as this will lessen danger from rot. Squash should be stored In a thor oughly dry and frost-proof room. Tomatoes. For the garden, plants may be raised by the gardener or obtained from the greenhouse man. The latter will bo found to be thi most satisfactory for the city man. Plants are set In the garden In rowr three feet apart and from eighteen tnches to two feet apart In the row. The plants are Bet in the ground when they are seven to nine Inches high and are trained to a Bingle stem, which is supported by tying to a stake. All laterals are re moved, and when the plant Is about four f'M high it IB pinched back TurnlpB. For the early crop the seed may bo sown ns soon as the ground can be worked In the Spring, For the main crop for Winter use the seed Is flown about June 1st, A continuous gTowth Is necessary to produce quality; a growth checkod by heat or lack of moisture dovol ops a root containing much fibre and larking In quality. Insert. Cabbace Maggot. This insoct at tacks the stem of cabbage, caull flower, and brussels sprouts at the baso. There are two methods of control: (1) Apply one cupful of the fol lowing solution around plant at time of planting and again a week later: I gill of cruda carbolic acid; 4 oz of soft soap; 1 quart of water. DIs solve lonp In water and add carbolic acid. Dilute with Blx gallons of water. (2) Tar-paper disk method, fake a ploce of tar-paper about threo Inohes square. On this square make a cut from the side to the centre; at right angles to this cut make a second one to extend about one- quarter Inch on each Bide of the first and across the centre. As soon as the plant Is sot, fit this dink around the bano of It. BREEDING. IT IS NEVER SAFE to blame the 1 male birds alone when fertility runs. low. The trap neat tells us many interesting facts when it is per sistently used and the records are studied. In many cases it will be found that eggs from different hens mated to the same male vary widely In this respect. Some hens will lay eggs which are practically all In fertile. In such cases the unsatisfac tory females should be shifted to dif ferent pens, as this frequently cor rects the trouble. The question of the blood relation ship of the male and his mates should also be considered. Some few breeders make up their matlngs re gardless of this, merely insisting that the stock shall give every evidence of perfect health. However, such a practice frequently causes disaster, especially when brother and slstor are bred together. It is far Bafer to use birds which are not thus closely related. so long that a large amount of the1 moisture will evaporate before It ea ters the soil. When the farmers plow their land In the spring they will be unable to tell whether it is loose and absorp tive, or firm, for it will be wet. Hera is where many farmers are deceived, for In dry farming we must rely, very largely upon the supply of mois ture that is below the iffepth of plow ing. Experiments conducted by the station in various parts of the state have invariably shown that more than three times as much moisture is stored beneath a loose, absorptive surface as under a firm surface, even, in the same fields. Need of Loose Surface. When a good rain falls on a firm surface, a large per cent will run off, especially if tho soil Is sloping. If the surface is level, the moisture will be held at or near the surface MATING. S A RULE In raising turkeys, one male Is mated to ten females, though some breeders allow as few as Bix, and others as many as fifteen. The hens will begin to lay early in the spring, and during this season should receive a varied ration, not unlike that furnished laying fowls. A similar menu, largely corn and wheat, will serve for the rest of the year, especially if the flock is given a wide range and so permitted to find much food, Most growers watch the turkey hens carefully, in order to locate their hidden nests and remove the eggs as fast as laid. These are placed under common hens and the turkey hen Is permitted to hatch her sec ond clutch of eggs. a E.o. cn othnrs I . -fL. atumos 3l H Cnlhwtth, Johnteu,B,a,(liilt, Thoomnrhof acinar it vvnv not v-am i'iiii sin sum iw i (Ur. 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S30L Mill MILITARY ACADEMY A SaUtl Non-Sactarlaa Boarding tud Dai School for Boys, Military Slirlplln.i Small Classes; Men Tearhen. Cartful inpsrvlsLon Plant msy be obtained either hy !,. ,, , ,,,, planting from seed or by ohtnlnliiK til Marshall Strut, PorUand, Ortgoa, SECOND ANNUAL PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL STEIN SALE This is the greatest sale of Registered Holstcins ever held West of Chicago. Finely bred cows and heifers in calf to tho greatest bulls of tho breed. More high-record bulls than were ever beforo offered at a public sale. In all we will soil 150 HEAD December 11 and 12, North Portland, Ore. Tho consignors represent tho best breeders in the North, west and their stock will be sold for what it will bring. "Writo for Catnlog to GEORGE A. QUE, RIDGEFIELD, WASHINGTON.